The AHJ shall have the authority to require that construction documents for all fire protection systems be submitted for review and approval and a permit be issued prior to the installation, rehabilitation, or modification. (For additional information concerning construction documents, see Section 1.14.) Further, the AHJ shall have the authority to require that full acceptance tests of the systems be performed in the AHJ's presence prior to final system certification.
Permits, where required, shall comply with
Section 1.12.
The property owner shall be responsible for the proper
testing and maintenance of the equipment and systems.
Where required by Chapters 11
through 43 of NFPA 101, installations involving two or more
integrated fire protection or life safety systems shall be tested to
verify the proper operation and function of such systems in
accordance with 13.1.3.1.1 and 13.1.3.1.2. [101:9.11.4.1]
After repair or replacement of equipment, required
retesting of integrated systems shall be limited to verifying the
response of fire protection or life safety functions initiated by
repaired or replaced equipment. [101:9.11.4.1.2]
Where required by 9.3.5 or Chapters 11 through 43 of NFPA 101, the following integrated fire protection and life safety systems shall be tested in accordance with 13.1.3.1 and 13.1.3.2.1 through 13.1.3.2.2:
- Integrated fire protection and life safety systems in high-rise buildings
- Integrated fire protection and life safety systems that include a smoke control system
For new buildings, integrated testing in accordance
with NFPA 4 shall be conducted prior to the issuance of a
certificate of occupancy. [101:9.11.4.2.1]
For existing buildings, integrated testing in accordance with NFPA 4 shall be conducted at intervals not exceeding
10 years unless otherwise specified by an integrated system test
plan prepared in accordance with NFPA 4. [101:9.11.4.2.2]
Obstructions shall not be placed or kept near fire
hydrants, fire department inlet connections, or fire protection
system control valves in a manner that would prevent such
equipment or fire hydrants from being immediately visible and
accessible.
A minimum 36 in. (915 mm) of clear space shall be
maintained to permit access to and operation of fire protection
equipment, fire department inlet connections, or fire protection system control valves. The fire department shall not be
deterred or hindered from gaining immediate access to fire
protection equipment.
All fire protection systems and devices shall be maintained in a reliable operating condition and shall be replaced
or repaired where defective or recalled.
Whenever impairments, critical deficiencies, or noncritical deficiencies are identified in water-based fire protection
systems maintained in accordance with NFPA 25, they shall be
corrected in a time frame approved by the AHJ.
In the event of a failure of a fire protection system or
an excessive number of accidental activations, the AHJ shall be
permitted to require an approved fire watch until the system is
repaired.
For occupancies of an especially hazardous nature or
where special hazards exist in addition to the normal hazard of
the occupancy, or where access for fire apparatus is unduly
difficult, or where the size or configuration of the building or
contents limits normal fire suppression efforts, the AHJ shall
have the authority to require additional safeguards consisting
of additional fire safety equipment, more than one type of fire
safety equipment, or special systems suitable for the protection
of the hazard involved.
The AHJ shall have the authority to require locking fire department connection (FDC) plugs or caps on all water-based fire protection systems.
The design and installation of standpipe systems shall
be in accordance with Section 13.2 and NFPA 14.
Where required by this Code or the referenced codes
and standards listed in Chapter 2, standpipe systems shall be
installed in accordance with 13.2.1.
New buildings shall be equipped with a Class I standpipe system installed in accordance with the provisions of Section 13.2 where any of the following conditions exist:
- Four or more stories in height above grade plane where the building is protected by an approved automatic sprinkler system
- Three or more stories in height above grade plane where the building is not protected by an approved automatic sprinkler system
- * More than 50 ft (15 m) above grade plane and containing intermediate stories or balconies
- More than one story below grade plane
- More than 20 ft (6.1 m) below grade plane
High-rise buildings shall be protected throughout by
a Class I standpipe system in accordance with Section 13.2.
[101:11.8.3.2]
Standpipe and hose systems shall be provided in accordance with Section 9.10 of NFPA 101 as follows, unless otherwise permitted by 13.2.2.4.1:
- Class I standpipe systems shall be provided for any building three or more stories in height.
- Class III standpipe and hose systems shall be provided for all nonsprinklered buildings three or more stories in height.
The requirements of 13.2.2.4 shall not apply where otherwise permitted by the following:
[101:22.3.5.6; 101:23.3.5.6]
The AHJ shall be authorized to permit the removal of existing occupant-use hose lines where all of the following are met:
- This Code does not require their installation.
- The current building code does not require their installation.
- The AHJ determines that the occupant-use hose line will not be utilized by trained personnel or the fire department.
A standpipe system installed in accordance with this
Code shall be properly maintained to provide at least the same
level of performance and protection as designed.
The owner shall be responsible for maintaining the
standpipe system and keeping it in good working condition.
A standpipe system installed in accordance with this
Code shall be inspected, tested, and maintained in accordance
with NFPA 25.
Where an existing standpipe system, including yard
piping and fire department connection, is modified, the new
piping shall be independently tested in accordance with 11.4.1
of NFPA 14. [14:11.4.7.1]
Automatic sprinklers shall be installed and maintained in full operating condition in the occupancies specified in this Code or in the codes or standards referenced in Chapter 2.
Installations shall be in accordance with NFPA 13,
NFPA 13R, or NFPA 13D as appropriate.
Sprinkler piping serving not more than six sprinklers
for any hazardous area shall be permitted to be connected
directly to a domestic water supply system having a capacity
sufficient to provide 0.15 gpm/ft2 (6.1 mm/min) throughout
the entire enclosed area. [101:9.7.1.2]
Sprinkler piping serving hazardous areas as described
in 13.3.1.4 shall be provided with an indicating shutoff valve,
supervised in accordance with 13.3.1.8 or NFPA 13, and installed in an accessible, visible location between the sprinklers
and the connection to the domestic water supply. [101:9.7.1.3]
In areas protected by automatic sprinklers, automatic heat-detection devices required by other sections of this
Code shall not be required. [101:9.7.1.4]
Where supervised automatic sprinkler systems are
required by another section of this Code, supervisory attachments shall be installed and monitored for integrity in accordance with NFPA 72 and a distinctive supervisory signal shall be
provided to indicate a condition that would impair the satisfactory operation of the sprinkler system. [101:9.7.2.1.1]
Supervisory signals shall sound and shall be
displayed either at a location within the protected building that
is constantly attended by qualified personnel or at an
approved, remotely located receiving facility. [101:9.7.2.1.2]
The connection described in 13.3.1.8.2.1 shall be
in accordance with 13.7.1.1. [101:9.7.2.2.2]
New buildings three or more stories in height above
grade shall be protected throughout by an approved automatic
sprinkler system in accordance with Section 13.3 unless otherwise permitted by 13.3.2.5.
Stand-alone open parking structures that are
detached from other occupancies shall not be required to be
protected by an automatic sprinkler system.
The following assembly occupancies shall be protected throughout by an approved, supervised automatic sprinkler system in accordance with 13.3.1.2:
- Dance halls
- Discotheques
- Nightclubs
- Bars
- Restaurants
- Assembly occupancies with festival seating
Any building containing one or more assembly occupancies where the aggregate occupant load of the assembly occupancies exceeds 300 shall be protected by an approved, supervised automatic sprinkler system in accordance with NFPA 13 as follows (see also 12.1.6, 12.2.6, 12.3.2, and 12.3.6 of NFPA 101):
- Throughout the story containing the assembly occupancy
- Throughout all stories below the story containing the assembly occupancy
- In the case of an assembly occupancy located below the level of exit discharge, throughout all stories intervening between that story and the level of exit discharge, including the level of exit discharge
The requirements of 13.3.2.6.2 shall not apply to the following:
- * Assembly occupancies consisting of a single multipurpose room of less than 12,000 ft2 (1115 m2) that are not used for exhibition or display and are not part of a mixed occupancy
- Gymnasiums, skating rinks, and swimming pools used exclusively for participant sports with no audience facilities for more than 300 persons
- * Locations in stadia and arenas as follows:
- Over the floor areas used for contest, performance, or entertainment, provided that the roof construction is more than 50 ft (15 m) above the floor level, and use is restricted to low fire hazard uses
- Over the seating areas, provided that use is restricted to low fire hazard uses
- Over open-air concourses where an approved engineering analysis substantiates the ineffectiveness of the sprinkler protection due to building height and combustible loading
- Locations in unenclosed stadia and arenas as follows:
- Press boxes of less than 1000 ft2 (93 m2)
- Storage facilities of less than 1000 ft2 (93 m2) if enclosed with not less than 1-hour fire-resistance-rated construction
- Enclosed areas underneath grandstands that comply with 25.3.4
Where another provision of Chapter 12 of
NFPA 101 requires an automatic sprinkler system, the sprinkler
system shall be installed in accordance with NFPA 13.
[101:12.3.5.4]
Upcodes Diagrams
Every stage shall be protected by
an approved, supervised automatic sprinkler system in compliance with Section 13.3. [101:12.4.7.10]
Protection shall be provided throughout the stage
and in storerooms, workshops, permanent dressing rooms, and
other accessory spaces contiguous to stages. [101:12.4.7.10.1]
Sprinklers shall not be required for stages 1000 ft2 (93 m2) or less in area and 50 ft (15 m) or less in height where the following criteria are met:
- Curtains, scenery, or other combustible hangings are not retractable vertically.
- Combustible hangings are limited to borders, legs, a single main curtain, and a single backdrop.
Where the occupant load exceeds 100, the following assembly occupancies shall be protected throughout by an approved, supervised automatic sprinkler system in accordance with Section 13.3:
- Dance halls
- Discotheques
- Nightclubs
- Assembly occupancies with festival seating
Upcodes Diagrams
Any assembly occupancy used or capable of being
used for exhibition or display purposes shall be protected
throughout by an approved automatic sprinkler system in
accordance with Section 13.3 where the exhibition or display
area exceeds 15,000 ft2 (1400 m2). [101:13.3.5.2]
The sprinklers specified by 13.3.2.7.2 shall not be required where otherwise permitted in the following locations:
- Locations in stadia and arenas as follows:
- Over the floor areas used for contest, performance, or entertainment
- Over the seating areas
- Over open-air concourses where an approved engineering analysis substantiates the ineffectiveness of the sprinkler protection due to building height and combustible loading
- Locations in unenclosed stadia and arenas as follows:
- Press boxes of less than 1000 ft2 (93 m2)
- Storage facilities of less than 1000 ft2 (93 m2) if enclosed with not less than 1-hour fire-resistance-rated construction
- Enclosed areas underneath grandstands that comply with 25.3.4
Where another provision of this chapter and Chapter 13 of NFPA 101 requires an automatic sprinkler system, the
sprinkler system shall be installed in accordance with NFPA 13.
[101:13.3.5.4]
Every stage shall be protected by
an approved automatic sprinkler system in compliance with
Section 13.3. [101:13.4.7.10]
Protection shall be provided throughout the stage
and in storerooms, workshops, permanent dressing rooms, and
other accessory spaces contiguous to such stages.
[101:13.4.7.10.1]
Sprinklers shall not be required for stages 1000 ft2 (93 m2) or less in area where the following criteria are met:
- Curtains, scenery, or other combustible hangings are not retractable vertically.
- Combustible hangings are limited to borders, legs, a single main curtain, and a single backdrop.
Educational occupancy buildings shall be protected
throughout by an approved, supervised automatic sprinkler
system in accordance with Section 13.3 except as otherwise
permitted by 13.3.2.8.2. [101:14.3.5.1]
The requirement of 13.3.2.8.1 shall not apply to any of the following:
- Non-relocatable buildings having an area not exceeding 1000 ft2 (93 m2)
- Non-relocatable buildings containing a single classroom
- Relocatable buildings complying with all of the following:
- Building area does not exceed 1000 ft2 (93 m2)
- Building contains a single classroom
- Building is located not less than 30 ft (9.1 m) from another building
Every portion of educational buildings below the
level of exit discharge shall be protected throughout by an approved, supervised automatic sprinkler system in accordance
with Section 13.3. [101:14.3.5.3]
Buildings with unprotected openings in accordance
with 8.6.6 of NFPA 101 shall be protected throughout by an
approved, supervised automatic sprinkler system in accordance
with Section 13.3. [101:14.3.5.4]
Where another provision of Chapter 14 of
NFPA 101 requires an automatic sprinkler system, the sprinkler
system shall be installed in accordance with NFPA 13.
[101:14.3.5.5]
Upcodes Diagrams
Where student occupancy exists below the level of
exit discharge, every portion of such floor shall be protected
throughout by an approved automatic sprinkler system in
accordance with Section 13.3. [101:15.3.5.1]
Where student occupancy does not exist on floors
below the level of exit discharge, such floors shall be separated
from the rest of the building by 1-hour fire resistance-rated
construction or shall be protected throughout by an approved
automatic sprinkler system in accordance with Section 13.3.
[101:15.3.5.2]
Automatic sprinkler protection shall not be required where student occupancy exists below the level of exit discharge, provided that both of the following criteria are met:
[101:15.3.5.3]
Buildings with unprotected openings in accordance
with 8.6.6 of NFPA 101 shall be protected throughout by an
approved, supervised automatic sprinkler system in accordance
with Section 13.3. [101:15.3.5.4]
Where another provision of Chapter 15 of
NFPA 101 requires an automatic sprinkler system, the sprinkler
system shall be installed in accordance with Section 13.3.
[101:15.3.5.5]
Buildings containing health care occupancies
shall be protected throughout by an approved, supervised automatic sprinkler system in accordance with Section 13.3, unless
otherwise permitted by 13.3.2.10.3. [101:18.3.5.1]
The sprinkler system required by 13.3.2.10.1 shall
be installed in accordance with NFPA 13. [101:18.3.5.4]
In Type I and Type II construction, alternative
protection measures shall be permitted to be substituted for
sprinkler protection without causing a building to be classified
as nonsprinklered, in specified areas where the AHJ has
prohibited sprinklers. [101:18.3.5.5]
Listed quick-response or listed residential sprinklers shall be used throughout smoke compartments containing patient sleeping rooms. [101:18.3.5.6]
Sprinklers shall not be required in clothes closets
of patient sleeping rooms in hospitals where the area of the
closet does not exceed 6 ft2 (0.55 m2), provided that the
distance from the sprinkler in the patient sleeping room to the back wall of the closet does not exceed the maximum distance
permitted by NFPA 13. [101:18.3.5.10]
Sprinklers in areas where cubicle curtains are
installed shall be in accordance with NFPA 13. [101:18.3.5.11]
Buildings containing nursing homes shall be
protected throughout by an approved, supervised automatic
sprinkler system in accordance with Section 13.3 and
Section 9.7 of NFPA 101, unless otherwise permitted by
13.3.2.11.8. [101:19.3.5.1]
All high-rise buildings containing health care occupancies shall be protected throughout by an approved, supervised automatic sprinkler system installed in accordance with Section 13.3 within 12 years of the adoption of this Code, except as otherwise provided in 13.3.2.11.3 or 13.3.2.11.4. [101:19.4.3.1]
Where a jurisdiction adopts this edition of the Code and previously adopted the 2018 edition, the sprinklering required by 13.3.2.11.2 shall be installed within 9 years of the adoption of this Code. [101:19.4.3.2]
Where a jurisdiction adopts this edition of the Code and previously adopted the 2015 edition, the sprinklering required by 13.3.2.11.2 shall be installed within 6 years of the adoption of this Code. [101:19.4.3.3]
Where a jurisdiction adopts this edition of the
Code and previously adopted the 2012 edition, the sprinklering
required by 13.3.2.11.2 shall be installed within 3 years of the
adoption of this Code. [101:19.4.3.4]
Where required by 19.1.6 of NFPA 101, buildings containing hospitals or limited care facilities shall be protected throughout by an approved, supervised automatic sprinkler system in accordance with Section 13.3 and Section 9.7 of NFPA 101, unless otherwise permitted by 13.3.2.11.8. [101:19.3.5.3]
The sprinkler system required by 13.3.2.11.1 or
13.3.2.11.6 shall be installed in accordance with NFPA 13.
[101:19.3.5.4]
In Type I and Type II construction, alternative
protection measures shall be permitted to be substituted for
sprinkler protection in specified areas where the AHJ has
prohibited sprinklers, without causing a building to be classified as nonsprinklered. [101:19.3.5.5]
Where this Code permits exceptions for fully sprinklered buildings or smoke compartments, the sprinkler system shall meet all of the following criteria:
- It shall be in accordance with Section 13.3.
- It shall be installed in accordance with NFPA 13, unless it is an approved existing system.
- It shall be electrically connected to the fire alarm system.
- It shall be fully supervised.
- In Type I and Type II construction, where the AHJ has prohibited sprinklers, approved alternative protection measures shall be permitted to be substituted for sprinkler protection in specified areas without causing a building to be classified as nonsprinklered.
Where this Code permits exceptions for fully sprinklered buildings or smoke compartments and specifically references this paragraph, the sprinkler system shall meet all of the following criteria:
- It shall be installed throughout the building or smoke compartment in accordance with Section 13.3.
- It shall be installed in accordance with NFPA 13, unless it is an approved existing system.
- It shall be electrically connected to the fire alarm system.
- It shall be fully supervised.
- It shall be equipped with listed quick-response or listed residential sprinklers throughout all smoke compartments containing patient sleeping rooms.
- * Standard-response sprinklers shall be permitted to be continued to be used in approved existing sprinkler systems where quick-response and residential sprinklers were not listed for use in such locations at the time of installation.
- Standard-response sprinklers shall be permitted for use in hazardous areas protected in accordance with 19.3.2.1 of NFPA 101.
Isolated hazardous areas shall be permitted to be
protected in accordance with 13.3.1.4. For new installations in
existing health care occupancies, where more than two sprinklers are installed in a single area, waterflow detection shall be
provided to sound the building fire alarm or to notify, by a
signal, any constantly attended location, such as PBX, security,
or emergency room, at which the necessary corrective action
shall be taken. [101:19.3.5.9]
Sprinklers shall not be required in clothes closets of patient sleeping rooms in hospitals where the area of the
closet does not exceed 6 ft2 (0.55 m2), provided that the
distance from the sprinkler in the patient sleeping room to the
back wall of the closet does not exceed the maximum distance
permitted by NFPA 13. [101:19.3.5.10]
Newly introduced cubicle curtains in sprinklered areas shall be installed in accordance with NFPA 13.
[101:19.3.5.11]
All buildings classified as Use Condition II, Use
Condition III, Use Condition IV, or Use Condition V shall be
protected throughout by an approved, supervised automatic
sprinkler system in accordance with 13.3.2.12.2. [101:22.3.5.2]
The automatic sprinkler system required by 13.3.2.12.1 shall meet all of the following criteria:
- It shall be in accordance with Section 13.3.
- It shall be installed in accordance with NFPA 13.
- It shall be electrically connected to the fire alarm system.
- It shall be fully supervised.
Where required by Table 23.1.6.1 of NFPA 101,
facilities shall be protected throughout by an approved, supervised automatic sprinkler system in accordance with
13.3.2.13.2. [101:23.3.5.2]
Where this Code permits exceptions for fully sprinklered detention and correctional occupancies or sprinklered smoke compartments, the sprinkler system shall meet all of the following criteria:
- It shall be in accordance with Section 13.3.
- It shall be installed in accordance with NFPA 13.
- It shall be electrically connected to the fire alarm system.
- It shall be fully supervised.
All buildings shall be protected throughout by an
approved, supervised automatic sprinkler system in accordance
with 13.3.2.14.2. [101:28.3.5.1]
Where an automatic sprinkler system is installed,
either for total or partial building coverage, the system shall be
in accordance with Section 13.3, as modified by 13.3.2.14.3. In
hotel or dormitory occupancies up to and including four
stories in height that are located in buildings not exceeding
60 ft (18.3 m) in height above grade plane, systems in accordance with NFPA 13R shall be permitted. [101:28.3.5.3]
Where located in a building of Type III, Type IV, or Type V construction designed in accordance with 4.6.3(5) of NFPA 101 and where the roof assembly is located more than 55 ft (17 m) above the lowest level of required fire department vehicle access, attics shall comply with 13.3.2.14.2.1.1, 13.3.2.14.2.1.2, and one of the following:
- Attics shall be provided with sprinkler protection.
- Attics shall be constructed with noncombustible materials.
- Attics shall be constructed with fire-retardant-treated wood.
- Attics shall be filled with noncombustible insulation.
The height of the roof assembly shall be determined by measuring the distance from the lowest level of
required fire department vehicle access adjacent to the building to the eave of the highest pitched roof, the intersection of
the highest roof to the exterior wall, or the top of the highest
parapet, whichever yields the greatest distance.
[101:28.3.5.3.1.1]
Required fire department vehicle access roads
used in 13.3.2.14.2.1.1 shall include only those roads that are
necessary for required fire department vehicle access in accordance with Section 18.2. [101:28.3.5.3.1.2]
Open parking structures that comply with
NFPA 88A and are contiguous with hotels or dormitories shall
be exempt from the sprinkler requirements of 13.3.2.14.1.
[101:28.3.5.6]
All high-rise buildings, other than those where
each guest room or guest suite has exterior exit access in
accordance with 7.5.3 of NFPA 101, shall be protected throughout by an approved, supervised automatic sprinkler system in
accordance with 13.3.2.15.2. [101:29.3.5.1]
Where an automatic sprinkler system is installed,
either for total or partial building coverage, the system shall be
in accordance with Section 13.3, as modified by 13.3.2.15.3 and
13.3.2.15.4. In buildings four or fewer stories in height and not
exceeding 60 ft (18.3 m) in height above grade plane, systems
in accordance with NFPA 13R shall be permitted. [101:29.3.5.3]
In guest rooms and in guest room suites, sprinkler installations shall not be required in closets not exceeding 24 ft2 (2.2 m2) and in bathrooms not exceeding 55 ft2 (5.1 m2). [101:29.3.5.5]
All buildings shall be protected throughout by an
approved, supervised automatic sprinkler system installed in
accordance with 13.3.2.16.1 through 13.3.2.16.6. [101:30.3.5.1]
Where an automatic sprinkler system is installed,
the system shall be in accordance with Section 13.3, as modified by 13.3.2.16.5. [101:30.3.5.1.1]
In apartment buildings up to and including four
stories in height, that are located in buildings not exceeding
60 ft (18.3 m) in height above grade plane, systems in accordance with NFPA 13R shall be permitted. [101:30.3.5.1.2]
Where located in a building of Type III, Type IV, or Type V construction designed in accordance with 4.6.3 (5) of NFPA 101 and where the roof assembly is located more than 55 ft (17 m) above the lowest level of required fire department vehicle access, attics shall comply with 13.3.2.16.2.1, 13.3.2.16.2.2, and one of the following:
- Attics shall be provided with sprinkler protection.
- Attics shall be constructed with noncombustible materials.
- Attics shall be constructed with fire-retardant-treated wood.
- Attics shall be filled with noncombustible insulation.
The height of the roof assembly shall be determined by measuring the distance from the lowest level of
required fire department vehicle access adjacent to the building to the eave of the highest pitched roof, the intersection of
the highest roof to the exterior wall, or the top of the highest
parapet, whichever yields the greatest distance. [101:30.3.5.2.1]
Required fire department vehicle access roads
used in 13.3.2.16.2.1 shall include only those roads that are
necessary for required fire department vehicle access in accordance with Section 18.2. [101:30.3.5.2.2]
In buildings sprinklered in accordance with NFPA 13, closets shall meet the following requirements:
- Closets of less than 12 ft2 (1.1 m2) in area in individual dwelling units shall not be required to be sprinklered.
- Closets that contain equipment such as washers, dryers, furnaces, or water heaters shall be sprinklered, regardless of size.[101:30.3.5.3]
The draft stop and closely
spaced sprinkler requirements of NFPA 13 shall not be required for convenience openings complying with 8.6.9.1 of
NFPA 101 where the convenience opening is within the dwelling unit. [101:30.3.5.4]
Open parking structures complying with NFPA 88A that are contiguous with apartment buildings shall be exempt from the sprinkler
requirements of 13.3.2.16.1. [101:30.3.5.5]
Buildings with unprotected openings in accordance with 8.6.6 of NFPA 101 shall be
protected throughout by an approved, supervised automatic
sprinkler system in accordance with 13.3.2.16.1. [101:30.3.5.8]
Where an automatic sprinkler system is installed,
either for total or partial building coverage, the system shall be
installed in accordance with Section 13.3, as modified by
13.3.2.17.2 and 13.3.2.17.3. In buildings four or fewer stories in
height and not exceeding 60 ft (18.3 m) in height above grade
plane, systems in accordance with NFPA 13R shall be permitted. [101:31.3.5.2]
In individual dwelling units, sprinkler installation
shall not be required in closets not exceeding 24 ft2 (2.2 m2)
and in bathrooms not exceeding 55 ft2 (5.1 m2). Closets that
contain equipment such as washers, dryers, furnaces, or water
heaters shall be sprinklered, regardless of size. [101:31.3.5.3]
In buildings sprinklered in accordance with
NFPA 13 bathrooms not greater than 55 ft2 (5.1 m2) in individual dwelling units shall not be required to be sprinklered.
[101:31.3.5.4]
The draft stop and closely spaced sprinkler
requirements of NFPA 13 shall not be required for convenience openings complying with 8.6.9.1 of NFPA 101 where the
convenience opening is within the dwelling unit. [101:31.3.5.5]
Buildings using Option 3 in accordance with
NFPA 101 shall be provided with automatic sprinkler protection installed in accordance with 13.3.2.17.5.1 through
13.3.2.17.5.4. [101:31.3.5.6]
An automatic sprinkler shall be installed within every dwelling unit that has a door opening to the corridor, with such sprinkler positioned over the center of the door, unless the door to the dwelling unit has not less than a 20-minute fire protection rating and is self-closing. [101:31.3.5.6.2]
The workmanship and materials of the sprinkler
installation specified in 13.3.2.17.5 shall meet the requirements
of 13.3.1.2. [101:31.3.5.6.3]
Buildings using Option 4 in accordance with NFPA 101 shall be protected throughout by an approved automatic sprinkler system in accordance with 13.3.2.17.1 and meeting the requirements of Section 13.3 for supervision for buildings seven or more stories in height. [101:31.3.5.7]
Where sprinklers are being used as an option to
any requirement in this Code, the sprinklers shall be installed
throughout the space in accordance with the requirements of
that option. [101:31.3.5.8]
All new lodging or rooming houses shall be
protected throughout by an approved automatic sprinkler
system in accordance with 13.3.2.18.2. [101:26.3.6.1]
Where an automatic sprinkler system is required
or is used as an alternative method of protection, either for
total or partial building coverage, the system shall be in accordance with Section 13.3 and 13.3.2.18.2.1 through 13.3.2.18.2.6.
[101:26.3.6.2]
Activation of the automatic sprinkler system shall
actuate the fire alarm system in accordance with Section 13.7.
[101:26.3.6.2.1]
In buildings four or fewer stories in height and
not exceeding 60 ft (18.3 m) in height above grade plane,
systems in accordance with NFPA 13R shall be permitted.
[101:26.3.6.2.2]
Systems in accordance with NFPA 13D shall be permitted where all of the following requirements are met:
- The lodging or rooming house shall not be part of a mixed occupancy.
- Entrance foyers shall be sprinklered.
- Lodging or rooming houses with sleeping accommodations for more than eight occupants shall be treated as two-family dwellings with regard to the water supply.
In buildings sprinklered in accordance with
NFPA 13 closets less than 12 ft2 (1.1 m2) in area in individual
dwelling units shall not be required to be sprinklered.
[101:26.3.6.2.4]
In buildings sprinklered in accordance with
NFPA 13 closets that contain equipment such as washers,
dryers, furnaces, or water heaters shall be sprinklered, regardless of size. [101:26.3.6.2.5]
In existing lodging or rooming houses, sprinkler
installations shall not be required in closets not exceeding
24 ft2 (2.2 m2) and in bathrooms not exceeding 55 ft2 (5.1 m2).
[101:26.3.6.2.6]
All new one- and two-family dwellings shall be
protected throughout by an approved automatic sprinkler
system in accordance with 13.3.2.19.2. [101:24.3.5.1]
Where an automatic sprinkler system is installed,
either for total or partial building coverage, the system shall be
in accordance with Section 13.3. [101:24.3.5.2]
All facilities, other than those meeting the
requirement of 13.3.2.20.2.2, shall be protected throughout by
an approved automatic sprinkler system, installed in accordance with 13.3.2.20.2.3, using quick-response or residential
sprinklers. [101:32.2.3.5.1]
In conversions, sprinklers shall not be required
in small board and care homes serving eight or fewer residents
when all occupants have the ability as a group to move reliably
to a point of safety within 3 minutes. [101:32.2.3.5.2]
Where an automatic sprinkler system is installed, for either total or partial building coverage, all of the following requirements shall be met:
- The system shall be in accordance with NFPA 13 and shall initiate the fire alarm system in accordance with 13.7.2.19.
- The adequacy of the water supply shall be documented to the AHJ.
In buildings four or fewer stories in height and
not exceeding 60 ft (18.3 m) in height above grade plane,
systems in accordance with NFPA 13R shall be permitted. All
habitable areas, closets, roofed porches, roofed decks, and
roofed balconies shall be sprinklered. [101:32.2.3.5.3.1]
An automatic sprinkler system with a 30-minute water supply, and complying with all of the following requirements and with NFPA 13D, shall be permitted:
- All habitable areas, closets, roofed porches, roofed decks, and roofed balconies shall be sprinklered.
- Facilities with more than eight residents shall be treated as two-family dwellings with regard to water supply.
Sprinkler piping serving not more than six sprinklers for any isolated hazardous area shall be permitted to be installed in accordance with 13.3.1.4 and shall meet all of the following requirements:
- In new installations, where more than two sprinklers are installed in a single area, waterflow detection shall be provided to initiate the fire alarm system required by 13.7.2.19.
- The duration of water supplies shall be as required by 13.3.2.20.2.3.2.
Attics shall be protected in accordance with
13.3.2.20.2.7.1 or 13.3.2.20.2.7.2. [101:32.2.3.5.7]
Where an automatic sprinkler system is required by 13.3.2.20.2, attics not used for living purposes, storage, or fuel-fired equipment shall meet one of the following criteria:
- Attics shall be protected throughout by a heat detection system arranged to activate the building fire alarm system in accordance with Section 13.7.
- Attics shall be protected with automatic sprinklers that are part of the required, approved automatic sprinkler system in accordance with 13.3.1.2.
- Attics shall be of noncombustible or limited-combustible construction.
- Attics shall be constructed of fire-retardant-treated wood in accordance with NFPA 703.
Where an automatic sprinkler system
is installed, for either total or partial building coverage, the
system shall be installed in accordance with Section 13.3,
as modified by 13.3.2.21.1.1.1 through 13.3.2.21.1.1.3.
[101:33.3.3.5.1]
In facilities having prompt or slow evacuation
capability, automatic sprinklers shall not be required in closets
not exceeding 24 ft2 (2.2 m2) and in bathrooms not exceeding
55 ft2 (5.1 m2), provided that such spaces are finished with
noncombustible or limited-combustible materials.
[101:33.3.3.5.1.2]
Initiation of the fire alarm system shall not be
required for existing installations in accordance with
13.3.2.21.1.6. [101:33.3.3.5.1.3]
All facilities
having impractical evacuation capability shall be protected
throughout by an approved, supervised automatic sprinkler
system in accordance with NFPA 13. [101:33.3.3.5.2]
All high-rise buildings shall
be protected throughout by an approved, supervised automatic
sprinkler system in accordance with 13.3.2.21.1. Such systems shall initiate the fire alarm system in accordance with 13.7.1.4.
[101:33.3.3.5.3]
Attics shall be protected in accordance with
13.3.2.21.1.4.1 or 13.3.2.21.1.4.2. [101:33.3.3.5.4]
Where an automatic sprinkler system is installed, attics not used for living purposes, storage, or fuel-fired equipment shall meet one of the following criteria:
- Attics shall be protected throughout by a heat detection system arranged to activate the building fire alarm system in accordance with Section 13.7.
- Attics shall be protected with automatic sprinklers that are part of the required, approved automatic sprinkler system in accordance with 13.3.1.2.
- Attics shall be of noncombustible or limited-combustible construction.
- Attics shall be constructed of fire-retardant-treated wood in accordance with NFPA 703.
Automatic sprinkler systems shall
be supervised in accordance with Section 13.3; waterflow
alarms shall not be required to be transmitted off-site.
[101:33.3.3.5.5]
Sprinkler
piping serving not more than six sprinklers for any isolated
hazardous area in accordance with 13.3.1.4 shall be permitted;
in new installations where more than two sprinklers are installed in a single area, waterflow detection shall be provided to
initiate the fire alarm system required by 13.7.2.22.
[101:33.3.3.5.6]
Where an automatic sprinkler system is installed, for either total or partial building coverage, all of the following requirements shall be met:
- The system shall be in accordance with Section 13.3 and shall initiate the fire alarm system in accordance with 13.7.2.21, as modified by 13.3.2.21.2.1.1 through 13.3.2.21.2.1.6.
- The adequacy of the water supply shall be documented to the AHJ.
In prompt evacuation capability facilities, all of the following shall apply:
- An automatic sprinkler system in accordance with NFPA 13D shall be permitted.
- Automatic sprinklers shall not be required in closets not exceeding 24 ft2 (2.2 m2) and in bathrooms not exceeding 55 ft2 (5.1 m2), provided that such spaces are finished with lath and plaster or materials providing a 15-minute thermal barrier.
In slow and impractical evacuation capability facilities, all of the following shall apply:
- An automatic sprinkler system in accordance with NFPA 13D, with a 30-minute water supply, shall be permitted.
- All habitable areas and closets shall be sprinklered.
- Automatic sprinklers shall not be required in bathrooms not exceeding 55 ft2 (5.1 m2), provided that such spaces are finished with lath and plaster or materials providing a 15-minute thermal barrier.
In prompt and slow evacuation capability facilities, where an automatic sprinkler system is in accordance with
NFPA 13, sprinklers shall not be required in closets not exceeding 24 ft2 (2.2 m2) and in bathrooms not exceeding 55 ft2
(5.1 m2), provided that such spaces are finished with lath and
plaster or materials providing a 15-minute thermal barrier.
[101:33.2.3.5.3.3]
In prompt and slow evacuation capability facilities in buildings four or fewer stories above grade plane,
systems in accordance with NFPA 13R shall be permitted.
[101:33.2.3.5.3.4]
In impractical evacuation capability facilities in
buildings four or fewer stories above grade plane, systems in
accordance with NFPA 13R shall be permitted. All habitable
areas and closets shall be sprinklered. Automatic sprinklers
shall not be required in bathrooms not exceeding 55 ft2
(5.1 m2), provided that such spaces are finished with lath and
plaster or materials providing a 15-minute thermal barrier.
[101:33.2.3.5.3.5]
Initiation of the fire alarm system shall not be required for existing installations in accordance with 13.3.2.21.3. [101:33.2.3.5.3.6]
All impractical evacuation capability facilities
shall be protected throughout by an approved, supervised automatic sprinkler system in accordance with 13.3.2.21.2.1.
[101:33.2.3.5.3.7]
Sprinkler piping serving not more than six sprinklers for any isolated hazardous area shall be permitted to be installed in accordance with 13.3.1.4 and shall meet all of the following requirements:
- In new installations, where more than two sprinklers are installed in a single area, waterflow detection shall be provided to initiate the fire alarm system required by 13.7.2.21.
- The duration of water supplies shall be as required for the sprinkler systems addressed in 13.3.2.21.2.1.
Attics shall be protected in accordance with
13.3.2.21.4.1 or 13.3.2.21.4.2. [101:33.2.3.5.7]
Where an automatic sprinkler system is installed, attics not used for living purposes, storage, or fuel-fired equipment shall meet one of the following criteria:
- Attics shall be protected throughout by a heat detection system arranged to activate the building fire alarm system in accordance with Section 13.7.
- Attics shall be protected with automatic sprinklers that are part of the required, approved automatic sprinkler system in accordance with 13.3.1.2.
- Attics shall be of noncombustible or limited-combustible construction.
- Attics shall be constructed of fire-retardant-treated wood in accordance with NFPA 703.
- Attics shall be projected by heat alarms arranged to provide occupant notification in accordance with 13.7.2.21.3.
Mercantile occupancies shall be protected by an approved automatic sprinkler system in accordance with NFPA 13 in any of the following specified locations:
- Throughout all mercantile occupancies three or more stories in height
- Throughout all mercantile occupancies exceeding 12,000 ft2 (1115 m2) in gross area
- Throughout stories below the level of exit discharge where such stories have an area exceeding 2500 ft2 (232 m2) and are used for the sale, storage, or handling of combustible goods and merchandise
- Throughout multiple occupancies protected as mixed occupancies in accordance with 6.1.14 where the conditions of 13.3.2.22.1(1), 13.3.2.22.1(2), or 13.3.2.22.1(3) apply to the mercantile occupancy
Bulk merchandising retail buildings shall be protected throughout by an approved, supervised automatic sprinkler system in accordance with Section 13.3 and the applicable provisions of the following:
- This Code
- NFPA 13
- NFPA 30
- NFPA 30B
The mall structure and all anchor buildings
shall be protected throughout by an approved, supervised automatic sprinkler system in accordance with NFPA 13 and
13.3.2.22.3.1.2. [101:36.4.4.13.1]
There shall be a hose outlet connected to a system sized to deliver 250 gal/min (946 L/min) at the most hydraulically remote outlet. [5000:27.4.4.8.2.1]
The outlet shall be supplied from the mall
concourse zone sprinkler system and shall be hydraulically
calculated. [5000:27.4.4.8.2.2]
Hose outlets shall be provided at each of the following locations:
- Within the mall concourse at the entrance to each exit passage or corridor
- At each floor level landing within enclosed stairways opening directly onto the mall concourse
- At exterior public entrances to the mall concourse
Mercantile occupancies, other than one-story buildings that meet the requirements of a street floor, as defined in 3.3.273, shall be protected by an approved automatic sprinkler system in accordance with NFPA 13 in any of the following specified locations:
- Throughout all mercantile occupancies with a story over 15.000 ft2 (1400 m2) in area
- Throughout all mercantile occupancies exceeding 30.000 ft2 (2800 m2) in gross area
- Throughout stories below the level of exit discharge where such stories have an area exceeding 2500 ft2 (232 m2) and are used for the sale, storage, or handling of combustible goods and merchandise
- Throughout multiple occupancies protected as mixed occupancies in accordance with 6.1.14 where the conditions of 13.3.2.23.1(1), 13.3.2.23.1(2), or 13.3.2.23.1(3) apply to the mercantile occupancy
Bulk merchandising retail buildings shall be protected throughout by an approved, supervised automatic sprinkler system in accordance with Section 13.3 and the applicable provisions of the following:
- This Code
- NFPA 13, Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems
- NFPA 30, Flammable and Combustible Liquids Code
- NFPA 30B, Code for the Manufacture and Storage of Aerosol Products
Underground and limited-access structures, and all areas and floor levels traversed in traveling to the exit discharge, shall be protected by an approved, supervised automatic sprinkler system in accordance with Section 13.3, unless such structures meet one of the following criteria:
- They have an occupant load of 50 or fewer persons in new underground or limited-access portions of the structure.
- They have an occupant load of 100 or fewer persons in existing underground or limited-access portions of the structure.
- The structure is a one-story underground or limited-access structure that is permitted to have a single exit per Chapters 12 through 43 of NFPA 101, with a common path of travel not greater than 50 ft (15 m).
New high-rise buildings shall be protected
throughout by an approved automatic sprinkler system in
accordance with Section 13.3.
Existing high-rise buildings shall be protected
throughout by an approved automatic sprinkler system in
accordance with this chapter and 13.3.2.25.2.1 through
13.3.2.25.2.3.
Each building owner shall, within 180 days of
receiving notice, file an intent to comply with this regulation
with the AHJ for approval.
The AHJ shall review and respond to the intent-to-comply submittal within 60 days of receipt.
In high-rise buildings
that are not protected throughout by an approved automatic
sprinkler system, signage shall be posted complying with
13.3.2.25.2.4(A) through 13.3.2.25.2.4(D).
The lettering on the sign shall be at least 1 in. (25 mm)
high.
The lettering shall be placed on a contrasting background.
The wording shall state as follows:
WARNING:
This high-rise building is not protected throughout with an automatic fire sprinkler system.
An automatic sprinkler system
shall be installed throughout all occupancies containing areas
greater than 2500 ft2 (232 m2) for the high-piled storage of
combustibles.
An automatic sprinkler system
shall be installed throughout all occupancies containing areas
greater than 12,000 ft2 (1115 m2) for the storage of combustibles.
An automatic sprinkler system shall be installed
throughout all occupancies containing storage commodities
classified as Group A Plastics in excess of 5 ft (1.5 m) in height
over an area exceeding 2500 ft2 (232 m2) in area.
An automatic sprinkler system shall be installed throughout all mini-storage buildings greater than 2500 ft2 (232 m2) and where any of the individual storage units are separated by less than a 1-hour fire-resistance-rated barrier. [5000:30.3.4.3]
An approved automatic
fire sprinkler system shall be installed in buildings containing
woodworking operations exceeding 2500 ft2 (232 m2) that use
equipment, machinery, or appliances; that generate finely divided combustible waste; or that use finely divided combustible
materials. [5000:29.3.5.1.2]
Buildings with unprotected openings in accordance with 8.6.6 of NFPA 101 shall be
protected throughout by an approved, supervised automatic
sprinkler system in accordance with Section 13.3. [101:16.3.5.3;
101:17.3.5.3]
New industrial occupancies, other than low-hazard industrial occupancies, shall be protected by an approved automatic sprinkler system in accordance with NFPA 13 in any of the following locations:
- Throughout all industrial occupancies three or more stories in height
- Throughout all industrial occupancies exceeding 12,000 ft2 (1115 m2) in fire area
- Where the total area of all floors, including mezzanines, exceeds 24,000 ft2 (2230 m2)
A sprinkler system installed in accordance with this
Code shall be inspected, tested, and maintained in accordance
with NFPA 25.
Where automatic sprinklers are installed, ceilings necessary for the proper
actuation of the fire protection device in accordance with
NFPA 13 shall be maintained.
The property owner or designated
representative shall be responsible for properly maintaining a
water-based fire protection system. [25:4.1.1]
Inspection, testing, maintenance, and impairment procedures shall be implemented in accordance with
those established in NFPA 25 and in accordance with the
manufacturer's instructions. [25:4.1.1.1]
Inspection, testing, and maintenance shall be performed by qualified personnel. [25:4.1.1.2]
The owner shall coordinate with the entity
conducting the inspection, testing, and maintenance activities
to minimize any water damage caused by the discharge of
water. [25:4.1.1.2.1]
Where the property owner or designated
representative is not the occupant, the property owner or designated representative shall be permitted to delegate the authority for inspecting, testing, maintenance, and the managing of
impairments of the fire protection system to a designated
representative. [25:4.1.1.3]
Where a designated representative has received the authority for inspecting, testing, maintenance, and the managing of impairments, the designated representative shall comply with the requirements identified for the property owner or designated representative throughout this Code. [25:4.1.1.4]
The property owner or designated representative shall ensure that water-filled piping is
maintained at a minimum temperature of 40°F (4°C) unless an
approved antifreeze solution is utilized. [25:4.1.2]
All areas of the building containing water-filled
piping that does not have another means of freeze protection
shall be maintained at a minimum temperature of 40°F (4°C).
[25:4.1.2.1]
The requirements of 13.3.3.4.1.2 shall not
apply where water-filled piping is located in unconditioned
building spaces or areas outside the building envelope and are
not subject to freezing. [25:4.1.2.2]
Aboveground water-filled pipes that pass
through open areas, cold rooms, passageways, or other areas
exposed to temperatures below 40°F (4°C), protected against
freezing by insulating coverings, frostproof casings, listed heat
tracing systems, or other reliable means shall be maintained at
temperatures between 40°F (4°C) and 120°F (48.9°C).
[25:4.1.2.3]
Where other approved means of freeze protection for water-filled piping as described in 13.3.3.4.1.2.3 are
utilized they shall be inspected, tested, and maintained in
accordance with NFPA 25. [25:4.1.2.4]
The property owner or designated representative shall provide ready accessibility to components of water-based fire protection systems that require
inspection, testing, and maintenance. [25:4.1.3]
The property owner or designated representative shall correct or repair deficiencies or impairments. [25:4.1.5.1]
Upon discovery of any component and
equipment under recall or replacement programs by the
owner's maintenance personnel, designated representative, or
contractor, the owner shall be notified in writing. [25:4.1.5.1.1]
The property owner or designated representative shall correct, remedy, repair, or replace components and
equipment under recall or replacement program.
[25:4.1.5.1.2]
Corrections and repairs shall be performed by
qualified maintenance personnel or a qualified contractor.
[25:4.1.5.2]
The property owner or designated representative shall not
make changes in the occupancy, the use or process, or the
materials used or stored in the building without evaluation of
the fire protection system(s) for its capability to protect the
new occupancy, use, or materials. [25:4.1.6]
The evaluation required by 13.3.3.4.1.6 shall not
be considered part of the normal inspection, testing, and maintenance required by this Code. [25:4.1.6.1]
The evaluation shall consider factors that include, but are not limited to, the following:
- Occupancy changes such as converting office or production space into warehousing
- Process or material changes such as metal stamping to molded plastics
- Building revisions such as relocated walls, added mezzanines, and ceilings added below sprinklers
- Removal of heating systems in spaces with piping subject to freezing
- Changes to the storage method, arrangement, height, or commodities
- Changes in water supplies
Where changes in the occupancy, hazard, water
supply, storage commodity, storage arrangement, building
modification, or other condition that affects the installation
criteria of the system are identified, the property owner or
designated representative shall promptly take steps to evaluate
the adequacy of the installed system in order to protect the
building or hazard in question. [25:4.1.7.1]
Where the evaluation reveals that the installed
system is inadequate to protect the building or hazard in question, the property owner or designated representative shall
make the required corrections. [25:4.1.7.2]
Corrections shall be approved. [25:4.1.7.3]
Each sign shall be secured with a corrosion-resistant wire, chain, or other approved means and shall indicate at least the following information:
[25:4.1.9.2]
The
hydraulic design information sign shall be inspected annually
to verify that it is provided, attached securely to the sprinkler
riser, and is legible. [25:5.2.5]
A hydraulic design information sign that is missing or illegible shall be replaced. [25:5.2.5.1]
Where a water-based fire protection system is
returned to service following an impairment, the system shall
be verified to be working properly by means of an appropriate
inspection or test as described in the table "Summary of
Component Replacement [Action] Requirements" in the applicable chapters of NFPA 25. [25:4.1.11.2]
Manufacturers
shall be permitted to make modifications to their own listed
product in the field with listed devices that restore the original
performance as intended by the listing, where acceptable to
the AHJ. [25:4.2]
Records shall be made for all inspections, tests,
and maintenance of the system and its components. [25:4.3.1]
Records shall be maintained by the property
owner. [25:4.3.1.1]
Records shall be permitted to be stored and
accessed electronically. [25:4.3.1.2]
Records shall indicate the following:
- The procedure/activity performed (e.g., inspection, test, or maintenance)
- The organization that performed the activity
- The required frequency of the activity
- The results and date of the activity
- The name and contact information of the qualified contractor or owner, including lead person for activity
Records shall be made available to the AHJ upon
request. [25:4.3.3]
Subsequent records shall be retained for a period
of 1 year after the next inspection, test, or maintenance of that
type required by the Code. [25:4.3.5]
Where a sprinkler has been removed for any reason, it shall not be reinstalled. [25:5.4.1.1]
Replacement sprinklers shall have the proper characteristics for the application intended, which include the following:
- Style
- Orifice size and K-factor
- Temperature rating
- Coating, if any
- Deflector type (e.g., upright, pendent, sidewall)
- Design requirements
Spray sprinklers shall be permitted to replace
old-style sprinklers. [25:5.4.1.2.1]
Where replacing residential sprinklers manufactured prior to 2003 that are no longer available from the manufacturer and are installed using a design density less than 0.05 gpm/ft2 (204 mm/min), a residential sprinkler with an equivalent K-factor (± 5 percent) shall be permitted to be used provided the currently listed coverage area for the replacement sprinkler is not exceeded. [25:5.4.1.2.2]
Only new, listed sprinklers shall be used to
replace existing sprinklers. [25:5.4.1.3]
Special and quick-response sprinklers as defined
by NFPA 13 shall be replaced with sprinklers of the same
orifice, size, temperature range and thermal response characteristics, and K-factor. [25:5.4.1.4]
A supply of at least
six spare sprinklers shall be maintained on the premises so that
any sprinklers that have operated or been damaged in any way
can be promptly replaced. [25:5.4.1.5]
The sprinklers shall correspond to the types and
temperature ratings of the sprinklers in the property.
[25:5.4.1.5.1]
The stock of spare sprinklers shall be kept in a cabinet located where the temperature to which they are subjected will at no time exceed the maximum ceiling temperatures specified in Table 13.3.3.5.1.5.2 for each of the sprinklers within the cabinet. [25:5.4.1.5.2]
[25:Table 5.4.1.5.2]
|
Maximum Ceiling
Temperature |
Temperature Rating
|
Temperature
Classification |
Color Code
|
Glass Bulb
Colors |
||
|
°F
|
°C
|
°F
|
°C
|
|||
|
100
|
38
|
135—170
|
57—77
|
Ordinary
|
Uncolored or black
|
Orange or red
|
|
150
|
66
|
175—225
|
79—107
|
Intermediate
|
White | Yellow or green
|
|
225
|
107
|
250—300
|
121—149
|
High
|
Blue | Blue |
|
300
|
149
|
325—375
|
163—191
|
Extra high
|
Red | Purple |
|
375
|
191
|
400—475
|
204—246
|
Very extra high
|
Green | Black |
|
475
|
246
|
500—575
|
260—302
|
Ultra high
|
Orange | Black |
|
625
|
329
|
650
|
343
|
Ultra high
|
Orange | Black |
Where dry sprinklers of different lengths are installed, spare dry sprinklers shall not be required, provided that a means of returning the system to service is furnished. [25:5.4.1.5.3]
The stock of spare sprinklers shall include all types and ratings installed and shall be as follows:
- For protected facilities having under 300 sprinklers — no fewer than 6 sprinklers
- For protected facilities having 300 to 1000 sprinklers — no fewer than 12 sprinklers
- For protected facilities having over 1000 sprinklers — no fewer than 24 sprinklers
One sprinkler wrench as specified by the
sprinkler manufacturer shall be provided in the cabinet for
each type of sprinkler installed to be used for the removal and
installation of sprinklers in the system. [25:5.4.1.5.5]
A list of the sprinklers installed in the property
shall be posted in the sprinkler cabinet. [25:5.4.1.5.6]
The list shall include the following:
- Sprinkler identification number (SIN) if equipped; or the manufacturer, model, orifice, deflector type, thermal sensitivity, and pressure rating
- General description
- Quantity of each type to be contained in the cabinet
- Issue or revision date of the list
Sprinklers shall not be altered in any respect or
have any type of ornamentation, paint, or coatings applied
after shipment from the place of manufacture. [25:5.4.1.6]
Sprinklers and automatic spray nozzles used for
protecting commercial-type cooking equipment and ventilating
systems shall be replaced annually. [25:5.4.1.7]
Where automatic bulb-type sprinklers or spray nozzles are used and annual examination shows no buildup of grease or other material on the sprinklers or spray nozzles, such sprinklers and spray nozzles shall not be required to be replaced. [25:5.4.1.7.1]
Electrically operated sprinklers shall be maintained in accordance with the manufacturer's requirements.
[25:5.4.1.8]
Sprinklers protecting spray areas and mixing
rooms in resin application areas installed with protective coverings shall continue to be protected against overspray residue so
that they will operate in the event of fire. [25:5.4.1.9.1]
Sprinklers installed as described in
13.3.3.5.1.9.1 shall be protected using cellophane bags having a
thickness of 0.003 in. (0.076 mm) or less or thin paper bags.
[25:5.4.1.9.2]
Coverings shall be replaced periodically so that
heavy deposits of residue do not accumulate. [25:5.4.1.9.3]
Dry pipe
systems shall be kept dry at all times. [25:5.4.2]
Refrigerated spaces or other areas within the
building interior where temperatures are maintained at or
below 40°F (4°C) shall not be permitted to be left wet.
[25:5.4.2.2]
Air driers shall be maintained in accordance with
the manufacturer's instructions. [25:5.4.2.3]
Compressors used in conjunction with dry pipe sprinkler systems shall be maintained in accordance with Chapter 13 of NFPA 25 and the manufacturer's instructions. [25:5.4.2.4]
Sub-subsection 13.3.3.6 shall provide the minimum requirements for a water-based fire protection system
impairment program. [25:15.1.1.1]
Measures shall be taken during the impairment
to ensure that increased risks are minimized and the duration
of the impairment is limited. [25:15.1.1.2]
The property owner or designated representative
shall assign an impairment coordinator to comply with the
requirements of 13.3.3.6. [25:15.2.1]
In the absence of a specific designee, the property
owner or designated representative shall be considered the
impairment coordinator. [25:15.2.2]
Where the lease, written use agreement, or
management contract specifically grants the authority for
inspection, testing, and maintenance of the fire protection
system (s) to the tenant, management firm, or managing individual, the tenant, management firm, or managing individual
shall assign a person as impairment coordinator. [25:15.2.3]
A tag shall be used to indicate that a system, or
part thereof, has been removed from service. [25:15.3.1]
The impaired equipment shall be considered to
be the water-based fire protection system, or part thereof, that
is removed from service. [25:15.4.1]
The impaired equipment shall include, but shall not be limited to, the following:
- Sprinkler systems
- Standpipe systems
- Fire hose systems
- Underground fire service mains
- Fire pumps
- Water storage tanks
- Water spray fixed systems
- Foam-water sprinkler systems
- Water mist systems
- Fire service control valves
- Water supply
All preplanned impairments shall be authorized
by the impairment coordinator. [25:15.5.1]
Before authorization is given, the impairment coordinator shall be responsible for verifying that the following procedures have been implemented:
- The extent and expected duration of the impairment have been determined.
- The areas or buildings involved have been inspected and the increased risks determined.
- Recommendations to mitigate any increased risks have been submitted to management or the property owner or designated representative.
- Where a fire protection system is out of service for more than 10 hours in a 24-hour period, the impairment coordinator shall arrange for one of the following:
- Evacuation of the building or portion of the building affected by the system out of service
- * An approved fire watch
- * Establishment of a temporary water supply
- * Establishment and implementation of an approved program to eliminate potential ignition sources and limit the amount of fuel available to the fire
- The fire department has been notified.
- The insurance carrier, the alarm company, property owner or designated representative, and other AHJs have been notified.
- The supervisors in the areas to be affected have been notified.
- A tag impairment system has been implemented. (See 13.3.3.6.3.)
- All necessary tools and materials have been assembled on the impairment site.
Emergency impairments shall include, but are not
limited to, interruption of water supply, frozen or ruptured
piping, and equipment failure, and includes impairments
found during inspection, testing, or maintenance activities.
[25:15.6.1]
The coordinator shall implement the steps
outlined in 13.3.3.6.5. [25:15.6.2]
When all impaired equipment is restored to normal working order, the impairment coordinator shall verify that the following procedures have been implemented:
- Any necessary inspections and tests have been conducted to verify that affected systems are operational. The appropriate chapter of NFPA 25 shall be consulted for guidance on the type of inspection and test required.
- Supervisors have been advised that protection is restored.
- The fire department has been advised that protection is restored.
- The property owner or designated representative, insurance carrier, alarm company, and other AHJs have been advised that protection is restored.
- The impairment tag has been removed.
Where provided, fire pumps shall be installed in
accordance with NFPA 20 and Section 13.4.
Permits, where required, shall comply with
Section 1.12.
Service personnel shall be qualified and experienced in the inspection, testing, and maintenance of fire
protection systems. [20:4.3.4.1]
Qualified personnel shall include, but not be limited to, one or more of the following:
- Personnel who are factory trained and certified for fire pump system servicing of the specific type and brand of system being designed
- Personnel who are certified by a nationally recognized fire protection certification organization acceptable to the AHJ
- Personnel who are registered, licensed, or certified by a state or local authority
- Personnel who are employed and qualified by an organization listed by a nationally recognized testing laboratory for the servicing of fire protection systems
Additional evidence of qualification or certification shall be permitted to be required by the AHJ. [20:4.3.4.3]
Where provided, the suction valve, discharge valve, bypass valves, and isolation valves on the backflow prevention device or assembly shall be supervised open by one of the following methods:
- Central station, proprietary, or remote station signaling service
- Local signaling service that will cause the sounding of an audible signal at a constantly attended point
- Locking valves open
- Sealing of valves and approved weekly recorded inspection where valves are located within fenced enclosures under the control of the owner
The sequence for emergency manual operation,
arranged in a step-by-step manner, shall be posted on the fire
pump engine. [20:11.6.6.1]
It shall be the engine manufacturer's responsibility
to list any specific instructions pertaining to the operation of
this equipment during the emergency operation. [20:11.6.6.2]
A copy of the manufacturer's certified pump test
curve shall be available for comparison with the results of the
field acceptance test. [20:14.2.4.1]
For water mist positive displacement pumping
units, a copy of the manufacturer's certified shop test data for
both variable speed and non-variable speed operation shall be
available for comparison of the results of the field acceptance
test. [20:14.2.4.1.1]
For multistage multiport pumps, a copy of the
manufacturer's certified shop test data for each discharge
outlet shall be available for comparison with the results of the
field acceptance test. [20:14.2.4.1.2]
For self-regulating variable speed fire pump units,
a copy of the manufacturer's test curves for self-regulating variable speed constant boost mode, self-regulating variable speed
constant discharge mode, and bypass constant speed mode
shall be available. [20:14.2.4.1.3]
Fire
pumps shall be inspected, tested, and maintained in accordance with NFPA 25. [20:14.4]
Component replacement in
a fire pump shall be in accordance with NFPA 20.
Private fire service mains shall be installed in accordance with NFPA 13 and NFPA 24.
NFPA 24 shall not apply to underground mains serving sprinkler systems designed and installed in accordance with
NFPA 13R that are less than 4 in. (100 mm) in nominal diameter. [24:1.1.4]
Where no adequate and reliable water supply exists for
fire-fighting purposes, the requirements of NFPA 1142 shall
apply.
The installation of devices to protect the public water
supply from contamination shall comply with the provisions of
NFPA 13, NFPA 13D, NFPA 13R, NFPA 24, and the plumbing
code.
Backflow prevention devices shall be inspected,
tested, and maintained in accordance with the requirements of
NFPA 25.
A private fire service main installed in accordance
with this Code shall be properly maintained to provide at least
the same level of performance and protection as designed. The
owner shall be responsible for maintaining the system and
keeping it in good working condition.
A private fire service main installed in accordance
with this Code shall be inspected, tested, and maintained in
accordance with NFPA 25.
Upcodes Diagrams
The selection, installation, inspection, maintenance, recharging, and testing of portable fire extinguishers
shall be in accordance with NFPA 10 and Section 13.6.
The requirements given herein are minimum.
[10:1.1.1]
Fire extinguishers shall be provided where required by this Code as specified in Table 13.6.1.2 and the referenced codes and standards listed in Chapter 2.
|
Occupancy Use
|
Where Required
|
| Ambulatory health care occupancies |
Yes
|
| Apartment occupanciesa |
Yes
|
| Assembly occupanciesb |
Yes
|
| Business occupancies |
Yes
|
| Day-care occupancies |
Yes
|
| Detention and correctional occupanciesc,d |
Yes
|
| Educational occupancies |
Yes
|
| Health care occupancies |
Yes
|
| Hotel and dormitory occupancies |
Yes
|
| Industrial occupancies |
Yes
|
| Lodging and rooming house occupancies |
Yes
|
| Mercantile occupancies |
Yes
|
| Occupancies in special structures |
Yes
|
| One- and two-family dwelling occupancies |
No
|
| Residential board and care occupancies |
Yes
|
| Storage occupanciese |
Yes
|
- aPortable fire extinguishers shall be permitted to be located at exterior locations or interior locations so that all portions of the buildings are within 75 ft (22.8 m) of travel distance to an extinguishing unit.
- bPortable fire extinguishers are not required in seating or outdoor performance areas.
- cAccess to portable fire extinguishers shall be permitted to be locked.
- dPortable fire extinguishers shall be permitted to be located at staff locations only.
- eIn storage areas where forklift, powered industrial truck, or cart operators are the primary occupants, fixed extinguishers, as specified in NFPA 10, need not be provided when:
- Use of vehicle-mounted extinguishers is approved by the AHJ.
- Each vehicle is equipped with a 10 lb, 40-A:80-B:C extinguisher affixed to the vehicle using a mounting bracket approved by the extinguisher manufacturer or the AHJ for vehicular use.
- Not less than two spare extinguishers of equal or greater rating are available onsite to replace a discharged extinguisher.
- Vehicle operators are trained in the proper operation and use of the extinguisher.
- Inspections of vehicle-mounted extinguishers are performed daily.
Portable fire extinguishers used to comply with Section 13.6 shall be listed and labeled and shall meet or exceed all the requirements of UL 711, CAN/ULC-S508, Rating and Fire Testing of Fire Extinguishers, and one of the following applicable performance standards:
- Carbon dioxide types: UL 154, CAN/ULC-S503, Carbon-Dioxide Fire Extinguishers
- Dry chemical types: UL 299, CAN/ULC-S504, Dry Chemical Fire Extinguishers
- Water types: UL 626, CAN/ULC-S507, Water Fire Extinguishers
- Halon types: CAN/ULC-S512, Halogenated Agent Hand and Wheeled Fire Extinguishers
- Film-forming foam types: UL 8, CAN/ULC-S554, Water Based Agent Fire Extinguishers
- Halocarbon types: UL 2129, CAN/ULC-S566, Halocarbon Clean Agent Fire Extinguishers
Each fire extinguisher shall be marked with the following:
- Identification of the listing and labeling organization
- Product category indicating the type of extinguisher
- Extinguisher classification as indicated in Section 5.3 of NFPA 10
- Performance and fire test standards that the extinguisher meets or exceeds
Halon extinguishers listed and labeled to
UL 1093, Halogenated Agent Fire Extinguishers, shall be permitted
to be used to comply with the requirements of Section 13.6
when installed, inspected and maintained in accordance with
Section 13.6. [10:4.1.2.2]
Extinguishers listed for the
Class C rating shall not contain an agent that is a conductor of
electricity. [10:4.1.4]
In addition to successfully meeting the requirements of UL 711, CAN/ULC-S508, Rating and Fire Testing of Fire
Extinguishers, water-based agents that are listed for the Class C
rating shall be tested in accordance with ASTM D5391, Standard Test for Electrical Conductivity and Resistivity of a Rowing High
Purity Water Sample. [10:4.1.4.1]
Fire extinguishers containing water-based agents
that have a conductivity higher than 1.00 µS/cm at 77°F (25°C)
shall be considered a conductor of electricity and therefore
shall not be rated Class C. [10:4.1.4.2]
Paragraphs 13.6.1.3.3.1 and 13.6.1.3.3.2 shall
apply only to water-based extinguishers manufactured after
August 15, 2002. [10:4.1.4.3]
A fire extinguisher shall have a label, tag, or stencil attached to it providing the following information:
- The content's product name as it appears on the manufacturer's Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)
- Listing of the hazardous material identification in accordance with Hazardous Materials Identification System (HMIS), Implementation Manual [in Canada, Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labeling of Chemicals (GHS)] developed by the National Paint and Coatings Association
- List of any hazardous materials that are in excess of 1.0 percent of the contents
- List of each chemical in excess of 5.0 percent of the contents
- Information as to what is hazardous about the agent in accordance with the MSDS
- Manufacturer's or service agency's name, mailing address, and phone number
The following types of fire extinguishers are considered obsolete and shall be removed from service:
- Soda acid
- Chemical foam (excluding film-forming agents)
- Carbon tetrachloride, methyl bromide, and chlorobromomethane (CBM)
- Cartridge-operated water
- Cartridge-operated loaded stream
- Copper or brass shell (excluding pump tanks) joined by soft solder or rivets
- Carbon dioxide extinguishers with metal horns
- Solid charge—type AFFF extinguishers (paper cartridge)
- Pressurized water fire extinguishers manufactured prior to 1971
- Any extinguisher that needs to be inverted to operate
- Any extinguisher manufactured prior to 1955
- Any extinguishers with 4B, 6B, 8B, 12B, and 16B fire ratings
- Stored-pressure water extinguishers with fiberglass shells (pre-1976)
Dry chemical stored-pressure extinguishers with
an indicated manufacturing date of 1984 or prior shall be
removed from service. [10:4.4.1]
Paragraph 13.6.1.5.1 shall not apply to wheeled-type dry chemical stored-pressure fire extinguishers. [10:4.4.1.1]
Any fire extinguisher that can no longer be serviced in accordance with the manufacturer's maintenance
manual is considered obsolete and shall be removed from service. [10:4.4.2]
The selection of fire extinguishers for a given situation shall be determined by the applicable requirements of Sections 5.2 through 5.6 of NFPA 10 and the following factors:
- Type of fire most likely to occur
- Size of fire most likely to occur
- Hazards in the area where the fire is most likely to occur
- Energized electrical equipment in the vicinity of the fire
- Ambient temperature conditions
- Other factors (see Section H.2 of NFPA 10)
Portable fire extinguishers shall be installed as a
first line of defense to cope with fires of limited size, except as
required by 5.5.5 of NFPA 10. [10:5.1.1]
The selection of extinguishers shall be independent
of whether the building is equipped with automatic sprinklers,
standpipe and hose, or other fixed protection equipment.
[10:5.1.2]
The classification of fire extinguishers shall consist
of a letter that indicates the class of fire on which a fire extinguisher has been found to be effective. [10:5.3.1]
Fire extinguishers classified for use on Class A or
Class B hazards shall be required to have a rating number
preceding the classification letter that indicates the relative
extinguishing effectiveness. [10:5.3.1.1]
Fire extinguishers classified for use on Class C,
Class D, or Class K hazards shall not be required to have a
number preceding the classification letter. [10:5.3.1.2]
Fire extinguishers shall be selected for the class(es)
of hazards to be protected in accordance with 13.6.2.3.2.1 through 13.6.2.3.2.5. (For specific hazards, see Section 5.5 of
NFPA 10.) [10:5.3.2]
Fire extinguishers for the protection of Class A hazards shall be selected from types that are specifically listed and labeled for use on Class A fires. (For halon agent—type extinguishers, see 13.6.2.3.2.6.) [10:5.3.2.1]
Fire extinguishers for the protection of Class B hazards shall be selected from types that are specifically listed and labeled for use on Class B fires. (For halon agent—type extinguishers, see 13.6.2.3.2.6.) [10:5.3.2.2]
Fire extinguishers for the protection of Class C hazards shall be selected from types that are specifically listed and labeled for use on Class C hazards. (For halon agent—type fire extinguishers, see 13.6.2.3.2.6.) [10:5.3.2.3]
Fire extinguishers and extinguishing agents for
the protection of Class D hazards shall be of the types specifically listed and labeled for use on the specific combustible
metal hazard. [10:5.3.2.4]
Fire extinguishers for the protection of Class K
hazards shall be selected from types that are specifically listed
and labeled for use on Class K fires. [10:5.3.2.5]
Use of halon agent fire extinguishers shall be
limited to applications where a clean agent is necessary to
extinguish fire efficiently without damaging the equipment or
area being protected, or where the use of alternative agents has
the potential to cause a hazard to personnel in the area.
[10:5.3.2.6]
Placement of portable fire extinguishers
containing halogenated agents shall conform to minimum
confined space volume requirement warnings contained on the
fire extinguisher nameplates. [10:5.3.2.6.1]
Wheeled fire extinguishers shall be considered for hazard protection in areas in which a fire risk assessment has shown the following:
- High hazard areas are present
- Limited available personnel are present, thereby requiring an extinguisher that has the following features:
- High agent flow rate
- Increased agent stream range
- Increased agent capacity
Rooms or areas
shall be classified as being light hazard, ordinary hazard, or
extra hazard. [10:5.4.1]
Light hazard occupancies shall be
classified as locations where the quantity and combustibility of
Class A combustibles and Class B flammables are low and fires
with relatively low rates of heat release are expected. These
occupancies consist of fire hazards having normally expected
quantities of Class A combustible furnishings, and/or the total
quantity of Class B flammables typically expected to be present
is less than 1 gal (3.8 L) in any room or area. [10:5.4.1.1]
Ordinary hazard occupancies
shall be classified as locations where the quantity and combustibility of Class A combustible materials and Class B flammables
are moderate and fires with moderate rates of heat release are
expected. These occupancies consist of fire hazards that only
occasionally contain Class A combustible materials beyond
normal anticipated furnishings, and/or the total quantity of
Class B flammables typically expected to be present is from
1 gal to 5 gal (3.8 L to 18.9 L) in any room or area. [10:5.4.1.2]
Extra hazard occupancies shall be
classified as locations where the quantity and combustibility of
Class A combustible material are high or where high amounts
of Class B flammables are present and rapidly developing fires
with high rates of heat release are expected. These occupancies
consist of fire hazards involved with the storage, packaging,
handling, or manufacture of Class A combustibles, and/or the
total quantity of Class B flammables expected to be present is
more than 5 gal (18.9 L) in any room or area. [10:5.4.1.3]
Limited areas of greater or lesser hazard shall be
protected as required. [10:5.4.1.4]
Required building protection shall be provided by
fire extinguishers for Class A fires. [10:5.4.2.1]
Occupancy hazard protection shall be provided
by fire extinguishers for such Class A, B, C, D, or K fire potentials as might be present. [10:5.4.2.2]
Fire extinguishers provided for building protection shall be permitted to also be considered for the protection
of occupancies having a Class A fire potential. [10:5.4.2.3]
Buildings having an occupancy hazard subject to
Class B or Class C fires, or both, shall have a standard complement of Class A fire extinguishers for building protection, plus
additional Class B or Class C fire extinguishers, or both.
[10:5.4.2.4]
Where fire extinguishers have more than one
letter classification (such as 2-A:20-B:C), they shall be permitted to satisfy the requirements of each letter class. [10:5.4.2.5]
Large-capacity dry chemical extinguishers of 10 lb (4.54 kg) or greater and a discharge rate of 1 lb/sec (0.45 kg/sec) or more shall be used to protect these hazards. [10:5.5.1.1]
Large capacity dry chemical extinguishers of 10 lb (4.54 kg) or greater and having a
discharge rate of 1 lb/sec (0.45 kg/sec) or more shall be used
to protect these hazards. [10:5.5.2]
Selection of a fire extinguisher for this type of hazard shall be based on one of the following:
- Extinguisher containing a vapor-suppressing foam agent
- * Multiple extinguishers containing non-vapor-suppressing Class B agents intended for simultaneous application
- Larger capacity extinguishers of 10 lb (4.54 kg) or greater and a minimum discharge rate of 1 lb/sec (0.45 kg/sec)
Aqueous film-forming foam (AFFF) and film-forming fluoroprotein foam (FFFP) types of fire extinguishers shall not be used for the protection of water-soluble flammable liquids, such as alcohols, acetone, esters, ketones, and so forth, unless specifically referenced on the fire extinguisher nameplate. [10:5.5.4]
Fire extinguishers
provided for the protection of cooking appliances that use
combustible cooking media (vegetable or animal oils and fats)
shall be listed and labeled for Class K fires. [10:5.5.5]
Class K fire extinguishers manufactured after January 1, 2002, shall not be equipped with extended wand-type discharge devices. [10:5.5.5.1]
Fire extinguishers installed specifically for the
protection of cooking appliances that use combustible cooking
media (animal or vegetable oils and fats) without a Class K
rating shall be removed from service. [10:5.5.5.2]
Where a hazard is protected by an automatic fire
protection system, a placard shall be conspicuously placed near
the extinguisher that states that the fire protection system shall
be actuated prior to using the fire extinguisher. [10:5.5.5.3]
Fire extinguishers for
the protection of delicate electronic equipment shall be selected from types specifically listed and labeled for Class C
hazards. (See 13.6.2.3.2.3.) [10:5.5.6]
Dry chemical fire extinguishers shall not be
installed for the protection of delicate electronic equipment.
[10:5.5.6.1]
Only water or foam extinguishers shall be installed in areas where pool chemicals containing chlorine or
bromine are stored. [10:5.5.7.1]
Multipurpose dry chemical fire extinguishers shall
not be installed in areas where pool chemicals containing
chlorine or bromine are stored. [10:5.5.7.2]
Fire extinguishers or containers of Class D extinguishing agents provided for
the protection of Class D fires shall be listed and labeled for
Class D fires. [10:5.5.8]
Class D fire extinguishers and agents shall be
compatible with the specific metal for which protection is
provided. [10:5.5.8.1]
Where portable fire extinguishers are required to be installed, the following documents shall be reviewed for the occupancies outlined in their respective scopes:
- This Code
- NFPA 2, Hydrogen Technologies Code
- NFPA 22, Standard for Water Tanks for Private Fire Protection
- NFPA 30, Flammable and Combustible Liquids Code
- NFPA 30A, Code for Motor Fuel Dispensing Facilities and Repair Garages
- NFPA 33, Standard for Spray Application Using Flammable or Combustible Materials
- NFPA 40, Standard for the Storage and Handling of Cellulose Nitrate Film
- NFPA 45, Standard on Fire Protection for Laboratories Using Chemicals
- NFPA 51, Standard for the Design and Installation of Oxygen—Fuel Gas Systems for Welding, Cutting, and Allied Processes
- NFPA 51B, Standard for Fire Prevention During Welding, Cutting, and Other Hot Work
- NFPA 52, Vehicular Natural Gas Fuel Systems Code
- NFPA 58, Liquefied Petroleum Gas Code
- NFPA 59, Utility LP-Gas Plant Code
- NFPA 59A, Standard for the Production, Storage, and Handling of Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG)
- NFPA 72, National Fire Alarm and Signaling Code
- NFPA 75, Standard for the Fire Protection of Information Technology Equipment
- NFPA 76, Standard for the Fire Protection of Telecommunications Facilities
- NFPA 96, Standard for Ventilation Control and Fire Protection of Commercial Cooking Operations
- NFPA 99, Health Care Facilities Code
- NFPA 99B, Standard for Hypobaric Facilities
- NFPA 101, Life Safety Code
- NFPA 102, Standard for Grandstands, Folding and Telescopic Seating, Tents, and Membrane Structures
- NFPA 115, Standard for Laser Fire Protection
- NFPA 120, Standard for Fire Prevention and Control in Coal Mines
- NFPA 122, Standard for Fire Prevention and Control in Metal/Nonmetal Mining and Metal Mineral Processing Facilities
- NFPA 130, Standard for Fixed Guideway Transit and Passenger Rail Systems
- NFPA 140, Standard on Motion Picture and Television Production Studio Soundstages, Approved Production Facilities, and Production Locations
- NFPA 150, Standard on Fire and Life Safety in Animal Housing Facilities
- NFPA 160, Standard for the Use of Flame Effects Before an Audience
- NFPA 232, Standard for the Protection of Records
- NFPA 241, Standard for Safeguarding Construction, Alteration, and Demolition Operations
- NFPA 301, Code for Safety to Life from Fire on Merchant Vessels
- NFPA 302, Fire Protection Standard for Pleasure and Commercial Motor Craft
- NFPA 303, Fire Protection Standard for Marinas and Boatyards
- NFPA 307, Standard for the Construction and Fire Protection of Marine Terminals, Piers, and Wharves
- NFPA 326, Standard for the Safeguarding of Tanks and Containers for Entry, Cleaning, or Repair
- NFPA 385, Standard for Tank Vehicles for Flammable and Combustible Liquids
- NFPA 400, Hazardous Materials Code
- NFPA 403, Standard for Aircraft Rescue and Fire-Fighting Services at Airports
- NFPA 407, Standard for Aircraft Fuel Servicing
- NFPA 408, Standard for Aircraft Hand Portable Fire Extinguishers
- NFPA 409, Standard on Aircraft Hangars
- NFPA 410, Standard on Aircraft Maintenance
- NFPA 418, Standard for Heliports
- NFPA 423, Standard for Construction and Protection of Aircraft Engine Test Facilities
- NFPA 484, Standard for Combustible Metals
- NFPA 495, Explosive Materials Code
- NFPA 498, Standard for Safe Havens and Interchange Lots for Vehicles Transporting Explosives
- NFPA 501A, Standard for Fire Safety Criteria for Manufactured Home Installations, Sites, and Communities
- NFPA 502, Standard for Road Tunnels, Bridges, and Other Limited Access Highways
- NFPA 505, Fire Safety Standard for Powered Industrial Trucks Including Type Designations, Areas of Use, Conversions, Maintenance, and Operations
- NFPA 655, Standard for Prevention of Sulfur Fires and Explosions
- NFPA 731, Standard for the Installation of Premises Security Systems
- NFPA 801, Standard for Fire Protection for Facilities Handling Radioactive Materials
- NFPA 804, Standard for Fire Protection for Advanced Light Water Reactor Electric Generating Plants
- NFPA 805, Performance-Based Standard for Fire Protection for Light Water Reactor Electric Generating Plants
- NFPA 820, Standard for Fire Protection in Wastewater Treatment and Collection Facilities
- NFPA 909, Code for the Protection of Cultural Resource Properties— Museums, Libraries, and Places of Worship
- NFPA 914, Code for the Protection of Historic Structures
- NFPA 1123, Code for Fireworks Display
- NFPA 1125, Code for the Manufacture of Model Rocket and High Power Rocket Motors
- NFPA 1126, Standard for the Use of Pyrotechnics Before a Proximate Audience
- NFPA 1141, Standard for Fire Protection Infrastructure for Land Development in Wildland, Rural, and Suburban Areas
- NFPA 1192, Standard on Recreational Vehicles
- NFPA 1194, Standard for Recreational Vehicle Parks and Campgrounds
- NFPA 1221, Standard for the Installation, Maintenance, and Use of Emergency Services Communications Systems
- NFPA 1901, Standard for Automotive Fire Apparatus
- NFPA 1906, Standard for Wildland Fire Apparatus
- NFPA 1925, Standard on Marine Fire-Fighting Vessels
- NFPA 5000, Building Construction and Safety Code
In no case shall the requirements of the documents
in 13.6.2.6.1 be less than those specified in Section 13.6 and
Chapter 2. [10:5.6.2]
The minimum number
of fire extinguishers needed to protect a property shall be
determined as outlined in 13.6.3. [10:6.1.1]
The installation of extinguishers shall be independent of whether the building is equipped with automatic
sprinklers, standpipe and hose, or other fixed protection
equipment. [10:6.1.1.1]
Additional extinguishers shall be permitted to be
installed to provide more protection as necessary. [10:6.1.1.2]
Fire extinguishers having ratings less than those
specified in Table 13.6.3.2.1.1 and Table 13.6.3.3.1.1 shall be
permitted to be installed, provided they are not used in fulfilling the minimum protective requirements of this subsection,
except as modified in 13.6.3.2.1.4, 13.6.3.2.1.5, and
13.6.3.3.1.1.1. [10:6.1.1.3]
Portable fire extinguishers
shall be maintained in a fully charged and operable condition
and shall be kept in their designated places at all times when
they are not being used. [10:6.1.2]
Fire extinguishers shall be conspicuously located where they are readily accessible and immediately available in the event of fire. [10:6.1.3.1]
Fire extinguishers shall be located along normal
paths of travel, including exits from areas. [10:6.1.3.2]
Fire extinguishers shall be installed in locations
where they are visible except as permitted by 13.6.3.1.3.3.2.
[10:6.1.3.3.1]
In rooms and in locations where visual obstructions cannot be completely avoided, signs or other means shall
be provided to indicate the extinguisher location.
[10:6.1.3.3.2]
Signs or other means used to indicate fire extinguisher location shall be located in close proximity to the extinguisher. [10:6.1.3.3.3]
Signs or other means used to indicate fire extinguisher location shall be visible from the normal path of travel.
[10:6.1.3.3.4]
Portable fire extinguishers other than wheeled extinguishers shall be installed using any of the following means:
[10:6.1.3.4]
Wheeled fire extinguishers shall be located in
designated locations. [10:6.1.3.5]
Fire extinguishers installed in vehicles or under
other conditions where they are subject to dislodgement shall
be installed in approved strap-type brackets specifically
designed for this application. [10:6.1.3.6]
Fire extinguishers installed under conditions or
in locations where they are subject to physical damage (e.g.,
from impact, vibration, the environment) shall be protected
against such damage. [10:6.1.3.7]
Fire extinguishers having a gross weight not
exceeding 40 lb (18.14 kg) shall be installed so that the top of
the fire extinguisher is not more than 5 ft (1.53 m) above the
floor. [10:6.1.3.8.1]
Fire extinguishers having a gross weight greater
than 40 lb (18.14 kg) (except wheeled types) shall be installed
so that the top of the fire extinguisher is not more than 31/2 ft
(1.07 m) above the floor. [10:6.1.3.8.2]
In no case shall the clearance between the
bottom of the hand portable fire extinguisher and the floor be
less than 4 in. (102 mm). [10:6.1.3.8.3]
Fire extinguishers shall be installed so that the
fire extinguisher's operating instructions face outward.
[10:6.1.3.9.1]
Hazardous materials identification systems
(HMIS) labels, 6-year maintenance labels, hydrostatic test
labels, or other labels shall not be located or placed on the
front of the extinguisher. [10:6.1.3.9.2]
The restrictions of 13.6.3.1.3.9.2 shall not apply
to the original manufacturer's labels, labels that specifically
relate to the extinguisher's operation or fire classification, or
inventory control labels specific to that extinguisher.
[10:6.1.3.9.3]
Cabinets housing fire extinguishers shall not
be locked, except where fire extinguishers are subject to malicious use and cabinets include a means of emergency access.
[10:6.1.3.10.1]
The location of fire extinguishers as described
in 13.6.3.1.3.3.2 shall be marked conspicuously. [10:6.1.3.10.2]
Fire extinguishers mounted in cabinets or wall
recesses shall be placed so that the fire extinguisher's operating
instructions face outward. [10:6.1.3.10.3]
Where fire extinguishers are installed in
closed cabinets that are exposed to elevated temperatures, the
cabinets shall be provided with screened openings and drains.
[10:6.1.3.10.4]
Cabinets or wall recesses for fire extinguishers
shall be installed such that the extinguisher mounting heights
specified in 13.6.3.1.3.8.1 and 13.6.3.1.3.8.2 are met.
[10:6.1.3.10.5]
For fire resistance-rated walls, only surface-mounted cabinets or listed fire-rated cabinets shall be installed. [10:6.1.3.10.6]
Fire extinguishers shall not be exposed to temperatures outside of the listed temperature range shown on the fire extinguisher label. [10: 6.1.3.11]
Fire extinguishers containing only plain water shall be protected to temperatures as low as —40°F (—40°C) by the addition of an antifreeze that is stipulated on the fire extinguisher nameplate. [10:6.1.4.1]
Calcium chloride solutions shall not be used in
stainless steel fire extinguishers. [10:6.1.4.2]
The connection to the electronic monitoring
device shall be continuously supervised for integrity.
[10:6.1.5.1]
The power source for the electronic monitoring
device shall be supervised for continuity of power. [10:6.1.5.2]
Minimal sizes of fire extinguishers for the listed grades of hazards shall be provided on the basis of Table 13.6.3.2.1.1, except as modified by 13.6.3.2.1.4 and 13.6.3.2.1.5. [10:6.2.1.1]
For SI units, 1 ft = 0.305 m; 1 ft2 = 0.0929 m2.
Note: For maximum floor area explanations, see E.3.3 of NFPA 10.
[10:Table 6.2.1.1]
|
Criteria
|
Light Hazard
Occupancy |
||
| Minimum rated single extinguisher
|
2-A
|
2-A
|
4-A
|
| Maximum floor area per unit of A
|
3000 ft2
|
1500 ft2
|
1000 ft2
|
| Maximum floor area per extinguisher
|
11,250 ft2
|
11,250 ft2
|
11,250 ft2
|
| Maximum travel distance to
extinguisher
|
75 ft
|
75 ft
|
75 ft
|
Note: For maximum floor area explanations, see E.3.3 of NFPA 10.
[10:Table 6.2.1.1]
The minimum number of extinguishers for
Class A hazards shall be sufficient to meet the requirements of
13.6.3.2.1.2.1 through 13.6.3.2.1.2.3. [10:6.2.1.2]
The minimum number of fire extinguishers for
Class A hazards for each floor of a building shall be determined by dividing the total floor area by the maximum area to
be protected per extinguisher as determined by Table
13.6.3.2.1.1. (See Annex E of NFPA 10.) [10:6.2.1.2.1]
Fire extinguishers shall be located so that the
maximum travel distances shall not exceed 75 ft(22.9 m),
except as modified by 13.6.3.2.1.4. [10:6.2.1.2.2]
Where the quantity of extinguishers required to
satisfy 13.6.3.2.1.2.2 exceeds the number calculated in 13.6.3.2.1.2.1, additional extinguishers shall be installed.
[10:6.2.1.2.3]
Smaller fire extinguishers that are rated on
Class B and Class C fires but do not have a minimum 1-A rating
shall not be used to meet the requirements of 13.6.3.2.1.
[10:6.2.1.3]
Fire extinguishers of lesser rating shall be permitted to be installed but shall not be considered as fulfilling any
part of the requirements of Table 13.6.3.2.1.1, except as permitted in 13.6.3.2.1.4.1 and 13.6.3.2.1.4.2. [10:6.2.1.3.1]
Up to two water-type extinguishers, each with 1-A rating, shall be permitted to be used to fulfill the requirements of one 2-A rated extinguisher. [10:6.2.1.3.1.1]
Two 21/2 gal (9.46 L) water-type extinguishers
shall be permitted to be used to fulfill the requirements of one
4-A rated extinguisher. [10:6.2.1.3.1.2]
Up to one-half of the complement of fire extinguishers specified in Table 13.6.3.2.1.1 shall be permitted to be
replaced by uniformly spaced 11/2 in. (38 mm) hose stations for
use by the occupants of the building. [10:6.2.1.4]
Where hose stations are so provided, they shall
conform to NFPA 14. [10:6.2.1.4.1]
The location of hose stations and the placement
of fire extinguishers shall be such that the hose stations do not
replace more than every other fire extinguisher. [10:6.2.1.4.2]
Where the area of the floor of a building is less
than that specified in Table 13.6.3.2.1.1, at least one fire extinguisher of the minimum size required shall be provided.
[10:6.2.1.5]
The protection requirements shall be permitted
to be fulfilled with fire extinguishers of higher rating, provided
the travel distance to such larger fire extinguishers does not
exceed 75 ft (22.9 m) and the maximum floor area per unit of
A is not exceeded. [10:6.2.1.6]
Minimum ratings of fire extinguishers for the listed grades of hazard shall be provided in accordance with Table 13.6.3.3.1.1. [10:6.3.1.1]
Note:
The specified ratings do not imply that fires of the magnitudes indicated by these ratings will occur, but rather they are provided to give the operators more time and agent to handle difficult spill fires that have the potential to occur.
[10: Table 6.3.1.1]
|
Type of Hazard
|
Basic Minimum
Extinguisher Rating |
Maximum Travel Distance
to Extinguishers |
|
|
ft
|
m
|
||
| Light |
5-B
|
30
|
9.14
|
|
10-B
|
50
|
15.25
|
|
| Ordinary |
10-B
|
30
|
9.14
|
|
20-B
|
50
|
15.25
|
|
| Extra |
40-B
|
30
|
9.14
|
|
80-B
|
50
|
15.25
|
|
The specified ratings do not imply that fires of the magnitudes indicated by these ratings will occur, but rather they are provided to give the operators more time and agent to handle difficult spill fires that have the potential to occur.
[10: Table 6.3.1.1]
Two or more fire extinguishers of lower rating
shall not be used to fulfill the protection requirements of Table
13.6.3.3.1.1 except as permitted by 13.6.3.3.1.1.2 and
13.6.3.3.1.1.3. [10:6.3.1.1.1]
Up to three AFFF or FFFP fire extinguishers of
at least 21/2 gal (9.46 L) capacity shall be permitted to be used
to fulfill extra hazard requirements. [10:6.3.1.1.2]
Two AFFF or FFFP fire extinguishers of at least
1.6 gal (6 L) capacity shall be permitted to be used to fulfill
ordinary hazard requirements. [10:6.3.1.1.3]
Fire extinguishers of lesser rating, designed for
small specific hazards within the general hazard area, shall be
permitted to be installed but shall not be considered as fulfilling any part of the requirements of Table 13.6.3.3.1.1, unless
permitted by 13.6.3.3.1.1.1 or 13.6.3.3.1.1.2. [10:6.3.1.2]
Fire extinguishers shall be located so that the
maximum travel distances do not exceed those specified in
Table 13.6.3.3.1.1. [10:6.3.1.3]
The protection requirements shall be permitted
to be fulfilled with fire extinguishers of higher ratings, provided the travel distance to such larger fire extinguishers does
not exceed 50 ft (15.25 m). [10:6.3.1.4]
Portable fire extinguishers shall not be installed as the sole protection for flammable liquid hazards of appreciable depth where the surface area exceeds 10 ft2 (0.93 m2). [10:6.3.2.1]
Where personnel who are trained in extinguishing fires in the protected hazards are located on the premises
and capable of responding immediately, the maximum surface
area shall not exceed 20 ft2 (1.86 m2). [10:6.3.2.2]
For flammable liquid hazards of appreciable
depth, a Class B fire extinguisher shall be provided on the basis
of at least 2 numerical units of Class B extinguishing potential
per 1 ft2 (0.09 m2) of flammable liquid surface of the largest
hazard area. [10:6.3.2.3]
AFFF- or FFFP-type fire extinguishers shall be permitted to be provided on the basis of 1-B of protection per 1 ft2 (0.09 m2) of hazard. (For fires involving water-soluble flammable liquids, see 5.5.3 of NFPA 10.) [10:6.3.2.4]
Two or more fire extinguishers of lower ratings,
other than AFFF- or FFFP-type fire extinguishers, shall not be
used in lieu of the fire extinguisher required for the largest
hazard area. [10:6.3.2.5]
Up to three AFFF- or FFFP-type fire extinguishers
shall be permitted to fulfill the requirements, provided the sum
of the Class B ratings meets or exceeds the value required for
the largest hazard area. [10:6.3.2.6]
Travel distances for portable fire extinguishers
shall not exceed 50 ft (15.25 m). (See Annex E of NFPA 10.)
[10:6.3.2.7]
Scattered or widely separated hazards shall be
individually protected. [10:6.3.2.7.1]
A fire extinguisher in the proximity of a hazard
shall be located to be accessible in the presence of a fire without undue danger to the operator. [10:6.3.2.7.2]
Where hand portable fire extinguishers are installed or positioned for obstacle, gravity/three-dimensional, or
pressure fire hazards, the actual travel distance to hazard shall
not exceed 30 ft (9 m) unless otherwise specified (See 5.6.1 of
NFPA 10.) [10:6.3.3.1]
Where wheeled fire extinguishers of 125 lb
(56.7 kg) agent capacity or larger are installed or positioned
for obstacle, gravity/three-dimensional, or pressure fire
hazards, the actual travel distance to hazard shall not exceed
100 ft (30.5 m) unless otherwise specified. (See 5.6.1 of
NFPA 10.) [10:6.3.3.2]
Fire extinguishers with Class C ratings shall be required where energized electrical equipment can be encountered. [10:6.4.1]
The requirement in 13.6.3.4.1 shall include situations where fire either directly involves or surrounds electrical
equipment. [10:6.4.2]
Because fire is a Class A or Class B hazard, the fire
extinguishers shall be sized and located on the basis of the
anticipated Class A or Class B hazard. [10:6.4.3]
Fire extinguishers or extinguishing agents with
Class D ratings shall be provided for fires involving combustible
metals. [10:6.5.1]
Fire extinguishers or extinguishing agents (media) shall be located not more than 75 ft (22.9 m) of travel distance from the Class D hazard. (See Section E.6 of NFPA 10.) [10:6.5.2]
Portable fire extinguishers or extinguishing agents
(media) for Class D hazards shall be provided in those work
areas where combustible metal powders, flakes, shavings, chips,
or similarly sized products are generated. [10:6.5.3]
Size determination shall be on the basis of the
specific combustible metal, its physical particle size, area to be
covered, and recommendations by the fire extinguisher manufacturer based on data from control tests. [10:6.5.4]
Class K fire extinguishers shall be provided for
hazards where there is a potential for fires involving combustible cooking media (vegetable or animal oils and fats).
[10:6.6.1]
Maximum travel distance shall not exceed 30 ft
(9.1 m) from the hazard to the extinguishers. [10:6.6.2]
All solid fuel cooking appliances (whether or not under a hood) with fire boxes of 5 ft3 (0.14 m3) volume or less shall have at least a listed 2-A rated water-type fire extinguisher or a 1.6 gal (6 L) wet chemical fire extinguisher that is listed for Class K fires. [10:6.6.3]
The owner or designated agent or
occupant of a property in which fire extinguishers are located
shall be responsible for inspection, maintenance, and recharging. (See 13.6.4.1.2.) [10:7.1.1]
Persons performing maintenance and recharging of extinguishers shall be certified. [10:7.1.2.1]
Persons training to become certified shall be
permitted to perform maintenance and recharging of extinguishers under the direct supervision and in the immediate
presence of a certified person. [10:7.1.2.1.1]
Certification requires that a person pass a test
administered by an organization acceptable to the AH].
[10:7.1.2.1.2]
The test shall, at a minimum, be based upon
knowledge of the chapters and annexes of NFPA 10.
[10:7.1.2.1.3]
The testing process shall permit persons to use
NFPA 10 during the test. [10:7.1.2.1.4]
Persons passing the test required in
13.6.4.1.2.1.2 shall be issued a document or a certificate.
[10:7.1.2.1.5]
The document or certificate shall be made available when requested by the AHJ. [10:7.1.2.1.6]
Persons performing maintenance and recharging of extinguishers shall be trained and shall have available
the appropriate manufacturer's servicing manual(s), the
correct tools, recharge materials, lubricants, and manufacturer's replacement parts or parts specifically listed for use in the
fire extinguisher. [10:7.1.2.2]
Persons performing inspections shall not be
required to be certified. [10:7.1.2.3]
Fire extinguishers
removed from service for maintenance or recharging shall be
replaced by a fire extinguisher suitable for the type of hazard
being protected and shall be of at least equal rating. [10:7.1.3]
Tags or labels intended for recording inspections,
maintenance, or recharging shall be affixed so as not to
obstruct the fire extinguisher use, fire extinguisher classification, or manufacturer's labels. [10:7.1.4.1]
Labels indicating fire extinguisher use or classification or both shall be permitted to be placed on the front of
the fire extinguisher. [10:7.1.4.2]
Fire extinguishers shall be manually inspected
when initially placed in service. [10:7.2.1.1]
Fire extinguishers and Class D extinguishing
agents shall be inspected either manually or by means of an
electronic monitoring device/system at intervals not exceeding
31 days. [10:7.2.1.2]
Fire extinguishers and Class D extinguishing
agents shall be inspected at least once per calendar month.
[10:7.2.1.2.1]
Fire extinguishers and Class D extinguishing
agents shall be manually inspected daily or weekly when conditions exist that indicate the need for more frequent inspections. [10:7.2.1.3]
Extinguishers that are electronically monitored
for location only, such as those monitored by means of a switch
to indicate when the extinguisher is removed from its bracket
or cabinet, shall be manually inspected in accordance with
13.6.4.2.2. [10:7.2.1.4]
Periodic inspection or electronic monitoring of fire extinguishers shall include a check of at least the following items:
- Location in designated place
- Visibility of the extinguisher or means of indicating the extinguisher location
- Access to the extinguisher
- Pressure gauge reading or indicator in the operable range or position
- Fullness determined by weighing or hefting
- Condition of tires, wheels, carriage, hose, and nozzle for wheeled extinguishers
- Indicator for nonrechargeable extinguishers using push-to-test pressure indicators
The owner or the owner's agent shall determine
the method of extinguisher inspection such as manual inspection, electronic monitoring, or any combination of the two.
[10:7.2.2.1]
Any method(s) of inspection other than manual
inspection shall require the approval of the authority having
jurisdiction. [10:7.2.2.2]
In addition to 13.6.4.2.2, fire extinguishers shall be visually inspected in accordance with 13.6.4.2.2.4 if they are located where any of the following conditions exists:
- High frequency of fires in the past
- Severe hazards
- Locations that make fire extinguishers susceptible to mechanical injury or physical damage
- Exposure to abnormal temperatures or corrosive atmospheres
Where required by 13.6.4.2.2.3, the following inspection procedures shall be in addition to those addressed in 13.6.4.2.2:
- Verify that operating instructions on nameplates are legible and face outward
- Check for broken or missing safety seals and tamper indicators
- Examine for obvious physical damage, corrosion, leakage, or clogged nozzle
Periodic inspection of containers of Class D extinguishing agent used to protect Class D hazards shall include verification of at least the following:
[10:7.2.2.5]
When an inspection of any fire
extinguisher reveals a deficiency in any of the conditions in
13.6.4.2.2 or 13.6.4.2.2.4, immediate corrective action shall be
taken. [10:7.2.3]
When an
inspection of any rechargeable fire extinguisher reveals a deficiency in any of the conditions in 13.6.4.2.2(3), 13.6.4.2.2(4),
13.6.4.2.2(5), or 13.6.4.2.2(1) through 13.6.4.2.2(3), the extinguisher shall be subjected to applicable maintenance procedures. [10:7.2.3.1]
When an inspection of any nonrechargeable dry chemical fire
extinguisher reveals a deficiency in any of the conditions listed
in 13.6.4.2.2(3), 13.6.4.2.2(4),13.6.4.2.2(6), or 13.6.4.2.2.4(1)
through 13.6.4.2.2.4(3), the extinguisher shall be removed
from further use, discharged, and destroyed at the direction of
the owner or returned to the manufacturer. [10:7.2.3.2]
When an inspection of any nonrechargeable fire extinguisher
containing a halon agent reveals a deficiency in any of the
conditions listed in 13.6.4.2.2(3), 13.6.4.2.2(4), 13.6.4.2.2(6),
or 13.6.4.2.2.4(1) through 13.6.4.2.2.4(3), the extinguisher
shall be removed from service, shall not be discharged, and
shall be returned to the manufacturer, a fire equipment dealer,
or a distributor to permit recovery of the halon. [10:7.2.3.3]
Where manual inspections are conducted,
records for manual inspections shall be kept on a tag or label
attached to the fire extinguisher, on an inspection checklist
maintained on file, or by an electronic method. [10:7.2.4.1.1]
Where manual inspections are conducted, the
month and year the manual inspection was performed and the
initials of the person performing the inspection shall be recorded. [10:7.2.4.1.2]
Personnel making manual inspections shall
keep records of all fire extinguishers inspected, including those
found to require corrective action. [10:7.2.4.1.3]
Records for manual inspection shall be kept to
demonstrate that at least the last 12 monthly inspections have
been performed. [10:7.2.4.1.4]
Where electronically monitored systems are
employed for inspections, records shall be kept for fire extinguishers found to require corrective action. [10:7.2.4.2.1]
Records for electronic monitoring shall be kept
to demonstrate that at least the last 12 monthly inspections
have been performed. [10:7.2.4.2.2]
For electronically monitored fire extinguishers,
where the extinguisher causes a signal at a control unit when a
deficiency in any of the conditions listed in 13.6.4.2.2 occurs,
record keeping shall be provided in the form of an electronic
event log at the control panel. [10:7.2.4.2.3]
Where required by another section of this Code or NFPA 10, maintenance procedures shall include the procedures detailed in the manufacturer's service manual and a thorough examination of the basic elements of the fire extinguisher, including the following:
- Mechanical parts of all fire extinguishers
- Extinguishing agent
- Expelling means
- Physical condition
Where building fire alarm systems or automatic fire
detectors are required by other sections of this Code, they shall
be provided and installed in accordance with NFPA 70,
NFPA 72, and Section 13.7.
Protected premises systems that serve the alarm and signaling needs of a building or buildings shall include one or more of the following systems or functions:
- Manual fire alarm signal initiation
- Automatic fire alarm and supervisory signal initiation
- Monitoring of abnormal conditions in fire suppression systems
- Actuation of fire suppression systems
- Actuation of emergency control functions
- Actuation of fire alarm notification appliances
- In-building fire emergency voice/alarm communications
- Automatic carbon monoxide alarm and supervisory signal initiation
- Actuation of carbon monoxide notification appliances
- Guard's tour supervisory service
- Process monitoring supervisory systems
- Actuation of off-premises signals
- Combination systems
All apparatus requiring rewinding or resetting to
maintain normal operation shall be rewound or reset as
promptly as possible after each test and alarm. [72:14.5.4]
The provisions of Section 13.7 shall apply only where specifically required by another section of this Code. [101:9.6.1.1]
Impaired fire alarm systems shall include, but shall
not be limited to, required systems that are not fully operational, are no longer monitored as required by the AHJ, or are
under renovation or repair.
The system owner or designated representative
shall immediately notify the AHJ in an approved manner when
a fire alarm system is impaired.
The AHJ shall be authorized to require standby fire
personnel or an approved fire watch in accordance with 1.7.16
at premises in which required fire alarm systems are impaired
or classified as chronic nuisance alarm prone systems.
Fire alarm systems that have produced five or more
nuisance alarms in a 365-day period shall be classified as
chronic nuisance alarm prone systems.
Fire alarm supervising stations and fire alarm service companies shall immediately notify the AHJ when any of the following conditions exists:
- A fire alarm system is impaired.
- Required system monitoring is no longer being provided.
- Required testing, service, and maintenance is no longer being provided.
- A fire alarm system cannot be serviced or repaired to make it fully operational.
- A fire alarm system cannot be serviced or repaired to eliminate chronic nuisance alarms.
Detection installed for reasons of achieving specific
fire safety objectives, but not required by any laws, codes, or
standards, shall meet all of the requirements of this Code, with
the exception of prescriptive spacing criteria of Chapter 17 of
NFPA 72. [72:17.5.3.3.1]
Where required by other sections of this Code, actuation of the fire alarm system shall occur by any or all of the following means of initiation but shall not be limited to such means:
[101:9.6.2.1]
Manual fire alarm boxes shall be used only for fire-protective signaling purposes. Combination fire alarm and guard's tour stations shall be permitted. [101:9.6.2.2]
A manual fire alarm box shall be provided as follows, unless modified by another section of this Code:
- For new alarm system installations, the manual fire alarm box shall be located within 60 in. (1525 mm) of exit doorways.
- For existing alarm system installations, the manual fire alarm box either shall be provided in the natural exit access path near each required exit or within 60 in. (1525 mm) of exit doorways.
Manual fire alarm boxes shall be mounted on both
sides of grouped openings over 40 ft (12.2 m) in width, and
within 60 in. (1525 mm) of each side of the opening.
[101:9.6.2.4]
Additional manual fire alarm boxes shall be located so that, on any given floor in any part of the building, no
horizontal distance on that floor exceeding 200 ft (61 m) shall
need to be traversed to reach a manual fire alarm box.
[101:9.6.2.5]
For fire alarm systems using automatic fire detection or waterflow detection devices to initiate the fire alarm
system in accordance with Chapters 11 through 43 of
NFPA 101, not less than one manual fire alarm box, located as
required by the AHJ, shall be provided to initiate a fire alarm
signal. [101:9.6.2.6]
Manual fire alarm boxes shall be accessible, unobstructed, and visible. [101:9.6.2.7]
Where a total (complete) coverage smoke detection
system is required by another section of this Code, automatic
detection of smoke in accordance with NFPA 72 shall be provided in all occupiable areas in environments that are suitable
for proper smoke detector operation. [101:9.6.2.9]
Where required by another section of this Code,
single-station and multiple-station smoke alarms shall be in
accordance with NFPA 72 unless otherwise provided in
13.7.1.8.4, 13.7.1.8.5.4, 13.7.1.8.5.7, or 13.7.1.8.6.
[101:9.6.2.10.1]
Where automatic smoke detection is required by
Chapters 11 through 43 of NFPA 101, smoke alarms shall not
be used as a substitute. [101:9.6.2.10.2]
The interconnection of smoke alarms shall apply
only to new construction as provided in 13.7.1.8.8.
[101:9.6.2.10.4]
The installation of smoke alarms and smoke detectors shall comply with 13.7.1.8.5.1 through 13.7.1.8.5.14. [72:29.11.3.4]
Smoke alarms and smoke detectors shall not be
located where ambient conditions, including humidity and
temperature, are outside the limits specified by the manufacturer's published instructions. [72:29.11.3.4(1)]
Smoke alarms and smoke detectors shall not be
located within unfinished attics or garages or in other spaces
where temperatures can fall below 40°F (4.4°C) or exceed
100°F (38°C). [72:29.11.3.4(2)]
Where the mounting surface could become
considerably warmer or cooler than the room, such as a poorly
insulated ceiling below an unfinished attic or an exterior wall,
smoke alarms and smoke detectors shall be mounted on an
inside wall. [72:29.11.3.4(3)]
Smoke alarms and smoke detectors shall not be
installed within an area of exclusion determined by a 10 ft
(3.0 m) radial distance along a horizontal flow path from a
stationary or fixed cooking appliance, unless listed for installation in close proximity to cooking appliances. Smoke alarms
and smoke detectors installed between 10 ft (3.0 m) and 20 ft
(6.1 m) along a horizontal flow path from a stationary or fixed
cooking appliance shall be equipped with an alarm-silencing
means or use photoelectric detection. [72:29.11.3.4(4)]
Smoke alarms or smoke detectors that use photoelectric detection shall be permitted for installation at a radial distance greater than 6 ft (1.8 m) from any stationary or fixed cooking appliance when the following conditions are met:
- The kitchen or cooking area and adjacent spaces have no clear interior partitions or headers
- The 10 ft (3.0 m) area of exclusion would prohibit the placement of a smoke alarm or smoke detector required by other sections of NFPA 72.
Effective January 1, 2022, smoke alarms and
smoke detectors installed between 6 ft (1.8 m) and 20 ft (6.1
m) along a horizontal flow path from a stationary or fixed
cooking appliance shall be listed for resistance to common
nuisance sources from cooking. [72:29.11.3.4(6)]
Smoke alarms and smoke detectors shall not be
installed within a 36 in. (910 mm) horizontal path from a door
to a bathroom containing a shower or tub unless listed for
installation in close proximity to such locations.
[72:29.11.3.4(7)]
Upcodes Diagrams
Smoke alarms and smoke detectors shall not be
installed within a 36 in. (910 mm) horizontal path from the
supply registers of a forced air heating or cooling system and
shall be installed outside of the direct airflow from those registers. [72:29.11.3.4(8)]
Smoke alarms and smoke detectors shall not be
installed within a 36 in. (910 mm) horizontal path from the tip
of the blade of a ceiling-suspended (paddle) fan unless the
room configuration restricts meeting this requirement.
[72:29.11.3.4(9)]
Where stairs lead to other occupiable levels, a
smoke alarm or smoke detector shall be located so that smoke
rising in the stairway cannot be prevented from reaching the
smoke alarm or smoke detector by an intervening door or
obstruction. [72:29.11.3.4(10)]
For stairways leading up from a basement,
smoke alarms or smoke detectors shall be located on the basement ceiling near the entry to the stairs. [72:29.11.3.4(11)]
For tray-shaped ceilings (coffered ceilings),
smoke alarms and smoke detectors shall be installed on the
highest portion of the ceiling or on the sloped portion of the
ceiling within 12 in. (300 mm) vertically down from the highest
point. [72:29.11.3.4(12)]
Smoke alarms and detectors installed in rooms
with joists or beams shall comply with the requirements of
13.7.4.3.3.4. [72:29.11.3.4(13)]
System smoke detectors in accordance with
NFPA 72 and arranged to function in the same manner as
single-station or multiple-station smoke alarms shall be permitted in lieu of smoke alarms. [101:9.6.2.10.8]
Smoke alarms, other than battery-operated smoke alarms as permitted by other sections of this Code, shall be powered in accordance with the requirements of NFPA 72. [101:9.6.2.10.9]
In new construction, where two or more smoke alarms are required within a dwelling unit, suite of rooms, or similar area, they shall be arranged so that operation of any smoke alarm shall cause the alarm in all smoke alarms within the dwelling unit, suite of rooms, or similar area to sound, unless otherwise permitted by one of the following:
- The requirement of 13.7.1.8.8 shall not apply where permitted by another section of this Code.
- The requirement of 13.7.1.8.8 shall not apply to configurations that provide equivalent distribution of the alarm signal.
The alarms described in 13.7.1.8.8 shall sound only
within an individual dwelling unit, suite of rooms, or similar
area and shall not actuate the building fire alarm system, unless
otherwise permitted by the AHJ. [101:9.6.2.10.11]
Smoke alarms shall be permitted to be connected
to the building fire alarm system for the purpose of annunciation in accordance with NFPA 72. [101:9.6.2.10.12]
Occupant notification shall be provided to alert
occupants of a fire or other emergency where required by
other sections of this Code. [101:9.6.3.1]
Occupant notification shall be in accordance with
13.7.1.9.4 through 13.7.1.9.11.2, unless otherwise provided in
13.7.1.9.2.1 through 13.7.1.9.2.4. [101:9.6.3.2]
Elevator lobby, hoistway, and associated machine
room smoke detectors used solely for elevator recall, and heat
detectors used solely for elevator power shutdown, shall not be required to activate the building evacuation alarm if the power
supply and installation wiring to such detectors are monitored
by the building fire alarm system, and if the activation of such
detectors initiates a supervisory signal at a constantly attended
location. [101:9.6.3.2.1]
Smoke detectors used solely for closing dampers
or heating, ventilating, and air-conditioning system shutdown
shall not be required to activate the building evacuation alarm,
provided that the power supply and installation wiring to the
detectors are monitored by the building fire alarm system, and
the activation of the detectors initiates a supervisory signal at a
constantly attended location. [101:9.6.3.2.2]
Smoke detectors located at doors for the exclusive operation of automatic door release shall not be required
to activate the building evacuation alarm, provided that the
power supply and installation wiring to the detectors are monitored by the building fire alarm system, and the activation of
the detectors initiates a supervisory signal at a constantly attended location. [101:9.6.3.2.3]
Detectors in accordance with 22.3.4.3.1(2) and 23.3.4.3.1(2) of NFPA 101 shall not be required to activate the building evacuation alarm. [101:9.6.3.2.4]
Where permitted by Chapters 11 through 43 of
NFPA 101, a presignal system shall be permitted where the
initial fire alarm signal is automatically transmitted without
delay to a municipal fire department, to a fire brigade (if provided), and to an on-site staff person trained to respond to a fire
emergency. [101:9.6.3.4]
Unless otherwise provided in 13.7.1.9.6.1 through 13.7.1.9.6.8, notification signals for occupants to evacuate shall be by audible and visible signals in accordance with NFPA 72 and ICC A117.1, Accessible and Usable Buildings and Facilities, or other means of notification acceptable to the AHJ. [101:9.6.3.6]
Visible-only signals shall be provided where specifically permitted in health care occupancies in accordance with
Chapters 18 and 19 of NFPA 101. [101:9.6.3.6.2]
Visible signals shall not be required in lodging or
rooming houses in accordance with Chapter 26 of NFPA 101.
[101:9.6.3.6.4]
Visible signals shall not be required in elevator
cars. [101:9.6.3.6.6]
The general evacuation alarm signal shall operate
in accordance with one of the methods prescribed by
13.7.1.9.7.1 through 13.7.1.9.7.3. [101:9.6.3.7]
The general evacuation alarm signal shall operate
throughout the entire building other than the locations described in 13.7.1.9.7.4 and 13.7.1.9.7.5. [101:9.6.3.7.1]
Where total evacuation of occupants is impractical due to building configuration, only the occupants in the
affected zones shall be initially notified, and provisions shall be
made to selectively notify occupants in other zones to afford
orderly evacuation of the entire building, provided that such
arrangement is approved by the AHJ. [101:9.6.3.7.2]
Where occupants are incapable of evacuating themselves because of age, physical or mental disabilities, or physical restraint, all of the following shall apply:
- The private operating mode as described in NFPA 72 shall be permitted to be used.
- Only the attendants and other personnel required to evacuate occupants from a zone, area, floor, or building shall be required to be notified.
- Notification of personnel as specified in 13.7.1.9.7.3(2) shall include means to readily identify the zone, area, floor, or building in need of evacuation.
The general evacuation signal shall not be
required in elevator cars. [101:9.6.3.7.5]
Automatically transmitted or live voice evacuation
or relocation instructions shall be permitted to be used to
notify occupants and shall comply with either 13.7.1.9.10.1 or
13.7.1.9.10.2. [101:9.6.3.10]
Automatically transmitted or live voice evacuation or relocation instructions shall be in accordance with
NFPA 72. [101:9.6.3.10.1]
Where permitted by Chapters 11 through 43 of NFPA 101, automatically transmitted or live voice announcements shall be permitted to be made via a voice communication or public address system that complies with all of the following:
- Occupant notification, either live or recorded, shall be initiated at a constantly attended receiving station by personnel trained to respond to an emergency.
- An approved secondary power supply shall be provided for other than existing, previously approved systems.
- The system shall be audible above the expected ambient noise level.
- Emergency announcements shall take precedence over any other use.
Unless otherwise permitted by another section of
this Code, audible and visible fire alarm notification appliances
shall comply with either 13.7.1.9.11.1 or 13.7.1.9.11.2.
[101:9.6.3.11]
Audible and visible fire alarm notification appliances shall be used only for fire alarm system or other emergency purposes. [101:9.6.3.11.1]
Where emergency forces notification is required by another section of this Code, the fire alarm system shall be arranged to transmit the alarm automatically via any of the following means acceptable to the AHJ and shall be in accordance with NFPA 72:
- Auxiliary fire alarm system
- Central station fire alarm system
- Proprietary supervising station fire alarm system
- Remote supervising station fire alarm system
For existing installations where none of the means
of notification specified in 13.7.1.10.2(1) through
13.7.1.10.2(4) are available, an approved plan for notification
of the municipal fire department shall be permitted.
[101:9.6.4.3]
For other than existing installations, where fire
alarm systems are required to provide emergency forces notification, supervisory signals and trouble signals shall sound and
be visibly displayed either at an approved, remotely located
receiving facility or at a location within the protected building
that is constantly attended by qualified personnel. [101:9.6.4.4]
Emergency control functions shall be installed in
accordance with the requirements of NFPA 72. [101:9.6.6.1]
Where required by another section of this Code, the following functions shall be actuated:
- Release of hold-open devices for doors or other opening protectives
- Stairwell or elevator shaft pressurization
- Smoke management or smoke control systems
- Unlocking of doors
- Elevator recall and shutdown
- HVAC shutdown
Where alarm annunciation is required by another
section of this Code, it shall comply with 13.7.1.13.2 through
13.7.1.13.13. [101:9.6.8.1]
Where required by other
governing laws, codes, or standards, the location of an operated initiating device shall be annunciated by visible means.
[72:10.18.1.1]
Visible annunciation of the location of an operated initiating device shall be by an indicator lamp, alphanumeric display, printout, or other approved means.
[72:10.18.1.1.1]
The visible annunciation of the location of operated initiating devices shall not be canceled by the means used
to deactivate alarm notification appliances. [72:10.18.1.1.2]
Where
required by other governing laws, codes, or standards, supervisory and/or trouble conditions shall be annunciated by visible
means. [72:10.18.2.1]
Visible annunciation shall be by an indicator
lamp, an alphanumeric display, a printout, or other means.
[72:10.18.2.1.1]
The visible annunciation of supervisory and/or
trouble conditions shall not be canceled by the means used to
deactivate supervisory or trouble notification appliances.
[72:10.18.2.1.2]
All required annunciation means shall be readily
accessible to responding personnel. [72:10.18.3.1]
All required annunciation means shall be located as required by the AHJ to facilitate an efficient response to
the situation. [72:10.18.3.2]
Visible annunciators
shall be capable of displaying all zones in alarm. [72:10.18.4]
If all zones in alarm are not displayed simultaneously, the zone of origin shall be displayed. [72:10.18.4.1]
For the purpose of alarm annunciation, each
floor of the building shall be considered as a separate zone.
[72:10.18.5.1]
For the purposes of alarm annunciation, if a
floor of the building is subdivided into multiple zones by fire or
smoke barriers and the fire plan for the protected premises allows relocation of occupants from the zone of origin to
another zone on the same floor, each zone on the floor shall be
annunciated separately. [72:10.18.5.2]
Where the system serves more than one building, each building shall be annunciated separately.
[72:10.18.5.3]
Alarm annunciation at the control center shall be
by means of audible and visible indicators. [101:9.6.8.2]
For the purposes of alarm annunciation, each
floor of the building, other than floors of existing buildings,
shall be considered as not less than one zone, unless otherwise
permitted by 13.7.1.13.9.4, 13.7.1.13.9.5, 13.7.1.13.9.6, or as
another section of this Code. [101:9.6.8.3]
Where a floor area exceeds 22,500 ft2 (2090 m2),
additional fire alarm zoning shall be provided, and the length
of any single fire alarm zone shall not exceed 300 ft (91 m) in
any direction, except as provided in 13.7.1.13.9.1 through
13.7.1.13.9.6 or otherwise modified by another section of this
Code. [101:9.6.8.4]
Where permitted by another section of this Code,
fire alarm zones shall be permitted to exceed 22,500 ft2
(2090 m2), and the length of a zone shall be permitted to
exceed 300 ft (91 m) in any direction. [101:9.6.8.4.1]
Unless otherwise prohibited by another section
of this Code, where a building not exceeding four stories in
height is protected by an automatic water mist system in
accordance with 9.8.1 of NFPA 101, the water mist system shall
be permitted to be annunciated on the fire alarm system as a
single zone. [101:9.6.8.4.4]
Unless otherwise prohibited by another section
of this Code, where a building not exceeding four stories in
height is protected by an automatic sprinkler system in accordance with NFPA 13, the sprinkler system shall be permitted to
be annunciated on the fire alarm system as a single zone.
[101:9.6.8.4.5]
Where the building is protected by an automatic
sprinkler system in accordance with NFPA 13D or NFPA 13R,
the sprinkler system shall be permitted to be annunciated on
the fire alarm system as a single zone. [101:9.6.8.4.6]
A system trouble signal shall be annunciated by
means of audible and visible indicators, in accordance with
NFPA 72. [101:9.6.8.5]
A system supervisory signal shall be annunciated
by means of audible and visible indicators in accordance with
NFPA 72. [101:9.6.8.6]
Where the system serves more than one building,
each building shall be annunciated separately. [101:9.6.8.7]
Where permitted by another section of this Code,
the alarm zone shall be permitted to coincide with the permitted area for smoke compartments. [101:9.6.8.8]
Where required by another section of this Code,
carbon monoxide (CO) detection and warning equipment
shall be provided in accordance with NFPA 72. [101:9.12]
Upcodes Diagrams
Upcodes Diagrams
New assembly occupancies with occupant loads of more than 300 and all theaters with more than one audience-viewing room shall be provided with an approved fire alarm system in accordance with Section 13.7 and 13.7.2.1, unless otherwise permitted by 13.7.2.1.1.2. [101:12.3.4.1.1]
New assembly occupancies that are a part of a
multiple occupancy protected as a mixed occupancy (see 6.1.14)
shall be permitted to be served by a common fire alarm system,
provided that the individual requirements of each occupancy
are met. [101:12.3.4.1.2]
Initiation of the required fire alarm system shall be by both of the following means:
- Manual means in accordance with 13.7.1.7.1(1), unless otherwise permitted by one of the following:
- The requirement of 13.7.2.1.2.1(1) shall not apply where initiation is by means of an approved automatic fire detection system in accordance with 13.7.1.7.1(2) that provides fire detection throughout the building.
- The requirement of 13.7.2.1.2.1(1) shall not apply where initiation is by means of an approved automatic sprinkler system in accordance with 13.7.1.7.1(3) that provides fire detection and protection throughout the building.
- Where automatic sprinklers are provided, initiation of the fire alarm system by sprinkler system waterflow, even where manual fire alarm boxes are provided in accordance with 13.7.2.1.2.1(1)
The initiating device shall be capable of transmitting an alarm to a receiving station, located within the building,
that is constantly attended when the assembly occupancy is
occupied. [101:12.3.4.2.2]
In new assembly occupancies with occupant
loads of more than 300, automatic detection shall be provided
in all hazardous areas that are not normally occupied, unless such areas are protected throughout by an approved, supervised automatic sprinkler system in accordance with
Section 13.3. [101:12.3.4.2.3]
The required fire alarm system shall
activate an audible and visible alarm in a constantly attended
receiving station within the building when occupied for purposes of initiating emergency action. [101:12.3.4.3]
Positive alarm sequence in accordance with 13.7.1.9.5 shall be permitted. [101:12.3.4.3.1]
Occupant notification shall be by means of voice
announcements in accordance with 13.7.1.9.10, initiated by the
person in the constantly attended receiving station.
[101:12.3.4.3.3]
Occupant notification shall be by means of visible
signals in accordance with 13.7.1.9.6, initiated by the person in
the constantly attended receiving station, unless otherwise
permitted by 13.7.2.1.3.5. [101:12.3.4.3.4]
Visible signals shall not be required in the assembly seating area, or the floor area used for the contest,
performance, or entertainment, where the occupant load
exceeds 1000 and an approved, alternative visible means of
occupant notification is provided. (See 13.7.1.9.6.7.)
[101:12.3.4.3.5]
The announcement shall be permitted to be
made via a voice communication or public address system in
accordance with 13.7.1.9.10.2. [101:12.3.4.3.6]
Where the AHJ determines that a constantly attended receiving station is impractical, both of the following shall be provided:
- Automatically transmitted evacuation or relocation instructions shall be provided in accordance with NFPA 72.
- The system shall be monitored by a supervising station in accordance with NFPA 72.
New assembly occupancies shall be provided with carbon monoxide detection and warning equipment in accordance with 13.7.1.14 in the locations specified as follows:
- On the ceilings of rooms containing permanently installed fuel-burning appliances or fuel-burning fireplaces
- Centrally located within occupiable spaces served by the first supply air register from permanently installed fuel-burning HVAC systems
- * Centrally located within occupiable spaces adjacent to an attached garage
Carbon monoxide detectors as specified in 13.7.2.1.4.1 shall not be required in the following locations:
- Garages
- Occupiable spaces with attached garages that are open parking structures as defined in 3.3.199.26.3.
- Occupiable spaces with attached garages that are mechanically ventilated in accordance with the mechanical code
A risk
analysis in accordance with 13.7.1.15 shall be performed for
new assembly occupancies with an occupant load of 500 or
more to determine if a mass notification system is required.
[101:12.3.4.5]
Existing assembly occupancies with occupant
loads of more than 300 and all theaters with more than one
audience-viewing room shall be provided with an approved fire
alarm system in accordance with Section 13.7 and 13.7.2.2,
unless otherwise permitted by 13.7.2.2.1.2, 13.7.2.2.1.3, or
13.7.2.2.1.4. [101:13.3.4.1.1]
Existing assembly occupancies that are a part of a
multiple occupancy protected as a mixed occupancy (see 6.1.14)
shall be permitted to be served by a common fire alarm system,
provided that the individual requirements of each occupancy
are met. [101:13.3.4.1.2]
Voice communication or public address systems
complying with