Section 11.1 shall apply to permanent and temporary electrical appliances, equipment, fixtures, and wiring.
All new electrical wiring, fixtures, appliances and
equipment shall be installed in accordance with NFPA 70.
Unless determined to present an imminent danger,
existing electrical wiring, fixtures, appliances, and equipment
shall be permitted to be maintained in accordance with the
edition of NFPA 70 in effect at the time of the installation.
Where the AHJ determines that there is sufficient
evidence that existing electrical wiring, fixtures, appliances, or
equipment is potentially unsafe, the AHJ is authorized to
require an evaluation of the existing electrical wiring, fixtures,
appliances, or equipment, or portion thereof, by a qualified
person.
The qualified person shall provide a report to the
AHJ with an assessment of the condition of the electrical
wiring, fixtures, appliances, or equipment along with recommendations for any needed repairs to correct the unsafe condition (s).
Permanent wiring abandoned in place shall be
tagged or otherwise identified at its termination and junction
points as "Abandoned in Place" or removed from all accessible
areas and insulated from contact with other live electrical
wiring or devices.
Multiplug adapters, such as multiplug extension
cords, cube adapters, strip plugs, and other devices, shall be
listed and used in accordance with their listing.
Multiplug adapters shall not be used as a substitute
for permanent wiring or receptacles.
Relocatable power taps shall be listed to UL 1363,
Relocatable Power Taps, or UL 1363A, Outline of Investigation for
Special Purpose Relocatable Power Taps, where applicable.
The relocatable power taps shall be directly connected to a permanently installed receptacle.
Relocatable power tap cords shall not extend through
walls, ceilings, or floors; under doors or floor coverings; or be
subject to environmental or physical damage.
The ampacity of the extension cords shall not be less
than the rated capacity of the portable appliance supplied by
the cord.
The extension cords shall be maintained in good
condition without splices, deterioration, or damage.
Extension cords shall be grounded when servicing
grounded portable appliances.
Extension cords and flexible cords shall not be
affixed to structures; extend through walls, ceilings, or floors,
or under doors or floor coverings; or be subject to environmental or physical damage.
The provisions of 11.1.6 apply to temporary electric power and lighting installations. [70:590.1]
Except as specifically modified in Article 590 of NFPA 70, all other requirements of NFPA 70 for permanent wiring shall apply to temporary wiring installations. [70:590.2(A)]
Temporary wiring methods shall be
acceptable only if approved based on the conditions of use and
any special requirements of the temporary installation.
[70:590.2(B)]
Temporary
electric power and lighting installations shall be permitted
during the period of construction, remodeling, maintenance,
repair, or demolition of buildings, structures, equipment, or
similar activities. [70:590.3(A)]
Temporary electric power and lighting
installations shall be permitted for a period not to exceed 90
days for holiday decorative lighting and similar purposes.
[70:590.3(B)]
Temporary electric power and lighting installations shall be permitted during emergencies and for tests, experiments, and developmental work. [70:590.3(C)]
Temporary wiring shall be removed
immediately upon completion of construction or purpose for
which the wiring was installed. [70:590.3(D)]
The disconnecting means shall be maintained accessible to the fire department.
Each disconnecting means shall be legibly marked to indicate its purpose unless located and arranged so the purpose is evident. In other than one- or two-family dwellings, the marking shall include the identification of the circuit source that supplies the disconnecting means. The marking shall be of sufficient durability to withstand the environment involved. [70:110.22(A)]
All panelboard and switchboards, pull boxes,
junction boxes, switches, receptacles, and conduit bodies shall
be provided with covers compatible with the box or conduit
body construction and suitable for the conditions of use.
All new elevators shall conform to the fire fighters'
emergency operations requirements of ASME A17.1/CSA B44,
Safety Code for Elevators and Escalators. [101:9.4.3.1]
All existing elevators having a travel distance of 25 ft
(7620 mm) or more above or below the level that best serves
the needs of emergency personnel for fire-fighting or rescue
purposes shall conform to the fire fighters' emergency operations requirements of ASME A17.3, Safety Code for Existing Elevators and Escalators. [101:9.4.3.2]
Elevator machine rooms that contain solid-state equipment for elevators, other than existing elevators, having a travel distance exceeding 50 ft (15 m) above the level of exit discharge or exceeding 30 ft (9.1 m) below the level of exit discharge shall be provided with independent ventilation or air-conditioning systems to maintain temperature during fire fighters' emergency operations for elevator operation (see 11.3.1). The operating temperature shall be established by the elevator equipment manufacturer's specifications. When standby power is connected to the elevator, the machine room ventilation or air-conditioning shall be connected to standby power. [101:9.4.5]
Elevators shall be subject to periodic inspections and
tests as specified in ASME A17.1/CSA B44, Safety Code for Elevators and Escalators. [101:9.4.6.1]
All elevators equipped with fire fighters' emergency operations in accordance with 11.3.1 shall be subject to a monthly operation with a written record of the findings made and kept on the premises as required by ASME A17.1/CSA B44, Safety Code for Elevators and Escalators. [101:9.4.6.2]
The elevator inspections and tests required by 11.3.4.1 shall be performed at frequencies complying with one of the following:
- Inspection and test frequencies specified in Appendix N of ASME A17.1/CSA B44, Safety Code for Elevators and Escalators
- Inspection and test frequencies specified by the AHJ
Buildings with elevators equipped with Phase I emergency recall, Phase II emergency in-car operation, or a fire service access elevator shall be equipped to operate with a
standardized fire service key complying with ASME A17.1/CSA
B44, Safety Code for Elevators and Escalators, except as otherwise
permitted by 11.3.6.
Existing buildings with elevators equipped with Phase
I emergency recall or Phase II emergency in-car operation shall
be permitted to comply with 11.3.6.3.
Existing buildings shall be in
compliance with the provisions of 11.3.6.3.1 one year after
adoption by the AHJ.
Where a standardized key cylinder cannot be installed in an existing elevator key switch assembly, the building's nonstandardized fire service elevator keys shall be
provided in an access box in accordance with 11.3.6.3.1.1
through 11.3.6.3.1.6.
The access box shall be compatible with an existing rapid-entry access box system in use in the jurisdiction and
approved by the AHJ.
The front cover shall be permanently labeled with
the words "Fire Department Use Only — Elevator Keys."
The access box shall be mounted at each elevator
bank at the lobby nearest to the lowest level of fire department
access.
Contents of the access box shall be limited to the
fire service elevator key. Additional elevator access tools, keys,
and information pertinent to emergency planning or elevator
access shall be permitted when authorized by the AHJ.
In buildings with two or more elevator banks, a
single access box shall be permitted to be used where such
elevator banks are separated by not more than 30 ft
(9140 mm). Additional access boxes shall be provided for each
individual elevator or elevator bank separated by more than
30 ft (9140 mm).
A single access box shall be permitted to be located adjacent to a fire command center, or the nonstandard fire
service elevator key shall be secured in an access box used for
other purposes and located in accordance with 18.2.2.1 when
approved by the AHJ.
An approved method to prevent automatic sprinkler water from infiltrating into the hoistway enclosure from the operation of the automatic sprinkler system outside the enclosed occupant evacuation elevator lobby shall be provided where the hoistway serves elevators in accordance with any of the following:
- Occupant-controlled evacuation elevators in accordance with Section 7.14 of NFPA 101
- Occupant-controlled evacuation elevators in accordance with the building code
- Fire service access elevators in accordance with the building code
Equipment using fuel gas and related gas
piping shall be in accordance with NFPA 54 or NFPA 58. (See
Chapter 69 for LP-Gas fuel supply and storage installations.)
The installation of stationary liquid fuel-burning
appliances, including but not limited to industrial-,
commercial-, and residential-type steam, hot water, or warm air
heating appliances; domestic-type range burners; space heaters;
and portable liquid fuel-burning equipment shall comply with
Section 11.5 and NFPA 31.
Section 11.5 shall also apply to all accessories and
control systems, whether electric, thermostatic, or mechanical,
and all electrical wiring connected to liquid fuel-burning appliances. [31:1.1.2]
Section 11.5 shall also apply to the installation of liquid fuel storage and supply systems connected to liquid fuel-burning appliances. [31:1.1.3]
Section 11.5 shall also apply to those multifueled appliances in which a liquid fuel is one of the standard or optional fuels. [31:1.1.4]
Section 11.5 shall not apply to internal combustion engines, oil lamps, or portable devices not specifically covered in NFPA 31. (See Chapter 11 of NFPA 31 for portable devices that are covered in NFPA 31.) [31:1.1.5]
The installation of gas-fired heating appliances shall comply with Section 11.5 and NFPA 54. (See Chapter 69 for LP-Gas fuel supply and storage installations.)
Permits, where required, shall comply with
Section 1.12.
Electrical wiring and utilization equipment used in
connection with oil-burning appliances or equipment shall be
installed in accordance with Section 11.1. [31:4.4.1]
The type and grade of liquid fuel used in a liquid fuel-burning appliance shall be that type and grade for which the appliance is listed and approved or is stipulated by the manufacturer. Liquid fuels shall meet one of the following specifications and shall not contain gasoline or any other flammable liquid:
- ASTM D396, Standard Specification for Fuel Oils
- ASTM D3699, Standard Specification for Kerosine
- ASTM D6448, Industrial Burner Fuels from Used Lube Oils
- ASTM D6751, Standard Specification for Biodiesel Fuel Blend Stock (B100) for Middle Distillate Fuels
- ASTM D6823, Standard Specification for Commercial Boiler Fuels with Used Lubricating Oils
- ASTM D7666, Standard Specification for Triglyceride Burner Fuel
Appliances that burn crankcase oil or used oil shall not be used in a residential occupancy. Such appliances shall only be used if all of the following conditions are met:
- The installation is in a commercial or industrial occupancy.
- The oil-burning appliance is designed to burn crankcase oil or used oil and is listed for such use.
- The appliance is installed in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions and with the terms of its listing.
- The installation meets the applicable requirements of Section 4.6 of NFPA 31 and Chapter 12 of NFPA 31.
Where heavy oils are used, the following shall be required:
- The oil-burning appliance shall be designed to burn such fuels.
- Means shall be provided to maintain the oil at its proper atomizing temperature.
- Automatically operated burners that require preheating of oil shall be arranged so that no oil can be delivered for combustion until the oil is at the proper atomizing temperature.
- *Use of an oil-fired appliance that is listed in accordance with UL 296A, Waste Oil-Burning Air-Heating Appliances, shall be deemed as meeting the intent of 11.5.1.10.3(1) through 11.5.1.10.3(3).
A properly sized and rated oil filter or strainer
shall be installed in the oil supply line to an oil burner.
[31:4.5.4]
Clothes dryers shall be cleaned to maintain the
lint trap and keep the mechanical and heating components
free from excessive accumulations of lint.
The requirements of 11.5.1.11.1 shall not apply to
clothes dryers in individual dwelling units of residential occupancies.
Kerosene burners and oil stoves shall be equipped with a primary safety control furnished as an integral part of the appliance by the manufacturer to stop the flow of oil in the event of flame failure. Barometric oil feed shall not be considered a primary safety control.
A conversion range oil burner shall be equipped with
a thermal (heat-actuated) valve in the oil supply line, located in
the burner compartment of the stove.
Kerosene heaters shall be listed and labeled in accordance with UL 647, Unvented Kerosene-Fired Room Heaters and Portable Heaters, and their use shall meet all of the following:
- Adequate ventilation shall be provided.
- Kerosene heaters shall not be placed on carpeting.
- Kerosene heaters shall be located not less than 3 ft (0.9 m) from combustible furnishings and drapes.
- Only approved Type 1-K water clear kerosene shall be used.
- Kerosene heaters shall be allowed to cool before refueling.
The AHJ shall be permitted to prohibit use of portable electric heaters in occupancies or situations where such use
or operation would present an undue danger to life or property.
Portable electric heaters shall be designed and located so that they cannot be easily overturned.
All portable electric heaters shall be listed.
All chimneys, smokestacks, or similar devices for
conveying smoke or hot gases to the outer air and the stoves,
furnaces, incinerators, boilers, or any other heat-producing
devices or appliances shall be installed and maintained in
accordance with NFPA 54 and NFPA 211.
Upcodes Diagrams
Waste chutes and laundry chutes shall be separately
enclosed by walls or partitions in accordance with the provisions of Section 12.7. [101:9.5.1.1]
Chute intake openings shall be protected in accordance with Section 12.7. [101:9.5.1.2]
The doors of chutes specified in 11.6.1.2 shall open
only to a room that is designed and used exclusively for accessing the chute opening. [101:9.5.1.3]
Chute service opening rooms shall be separated from
other spaces in accordance with Section 8.7 of NFPA 101.
[101:9.5.1.4]
The requirements of 11.6.1.1 through 11.6.1.4 shall not apply where otherwise permitted by the following:
- Existing installations having properly enclosed service chutes and properly installed and maintained chute intake doors shall be permitted to have chute intake doors open to a corridor or normally occupied space.
- Waste chutes and laundry chutes shall be permitted to open into rooms not exceeding 400 ft 2 (37 m 2) that are used for storage, provided that the room is protected by automatic sprinklers.
Stationary generators and standby power systems shall
comply with Section 11.7.
Newly installed stationary generators for emergency use or for legally required standby power for fire protection systems and features shall demonstrate the capacity of the energy converter, with its controls and accessories, to survive without damage from common and abnormal disturbances in actual load circuits by any of the following means:
An approved written schedule for such operational
tests shall be established.
Test records shall be maintained on the premises and
must indicate the date of such testing, the qualified service
personnel, and any corrective measures needed or taken.
All smoke-control systems and devices shall be maintained in a reliable operating condition and shall be replaced
or repaired where defective.
The AHJ shall be permitted to require the building to
be evacuated or an approved fire watch to be provided for all
portions left unprotected by the fire protection system shutdown until the fire protection system has been returned to service.
Where required, emergency command centers shall comply with Section 11.9.
The emergency command center shall be separated
from the remainder of the building by a fire barrier having a
fire resistance rating of not less than 1 hour.
New emergency command center rooms shall be a minimum of 200 ft2 (19 m2) with a minimum dimension of 10 ft (3050 mm).
The following shall be provided in the emergency command center:
- The fire department communication unit
- A telephone for fire department use with controlled access to the public telephone system
- Schematic building plans indicating the typical floor plan and detailing the building core means of egress, fire protection systems, fire-fighting equipment, and fire department access
- Work table
- If applicable, hazardous material management plans for the building
Where otherwise required, the following devices or functions shall be provided within the emergency command center:
- The emergency voice/alarm communication system unit
- Fire detection and alarm system annunciator unit
- Annunciator visually indicating the location of the elevators and whether they are operational
- Status indicators and controls for air-handling systems
- Controls for unlocking stairway doors simultaneously
- Sprinkler valve and waterflow detector display panels
- Emergency and standby power status indicators
- Fire pump status indicators
- Generator supervision devices and manual start and transfer features
- Public address system, where specifically required by other sections of this Code
- Controls required for smoke control
Devices, equipment, components, and sequences shall be individually tested in accordance with appropriate standards and
manufacturers' documented instructions.
In all new and existing buildings, minimum
radio signal strength for emergency services department
communications shall be maintained at a level determined by
the AHJ.
Systems shall have lightning
protection that complies with NFPA 780. [1221:9.6.3]
All repeater, transmitter, receiver, signal
booster components, optical-to-RF and RF-to-optical converters, external filters, batteries, and battery system components
shall be contained in a NEMA4- or NEMA4X-type enclosure (s).
[1221:9.6.11.2]
Batteries that require venting shall be stored in
NEMA3R-type enclosures.
In addition to the requirements in 9.6.8.1 of NFPA 1221, the inbound signal strength shall be a minimum of -95 dBm throughout the coverage area and sufficient to provide not less than a delivered audio quality (DAQ) of 3.0 or an equivalent signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) applicable to the technology for either analog or digital signals.
To maintain proper alignment with the system designed donor site, donor antennas shall meet one of the following:
The antenna installation shall also be in accordance
with the applicable requirements of the building code for
weather protection of the building envelope.
Where an in-building emergency responder communication enhancement system is required and such system,
components, or equipment has a negative impact on the
normal operations of the facility at which it is installed, the AHJ
shall have the authority to accept an automatically activated
responder system.
Where an in-building
emergency responder communication enhancement system is
required, the building owner shall have the system tested on
completion of installation to verify that two-way coverage on
each floor of the building is not less than the coverage specified in 9.6.7.3 or 9.6.7.4 of NFPA 1221 as applicable.
The test procedure, as required by 11.10.11, shall be conducted as follows:
- Each floor of the building shall be divided into a grid of 20 approximately equal test areas.
- The test shall be conducted using a calibrated portable radio of the latest brand and model used by the agency talking through the agency's radio communications system or equipment approved by the AHJ.
- Failure of more than one test area shall result in failure of the test.
- A test location approximately in the center of each test area shall be selected for the test, with the radio enabled to verify two-way communications to and from the outside of the building through the public agency's radio communications system, as follows:
- Once the test location has been selected, that location shall represent the entire test area.
- Failure in the selected test location shall be considered to be a failure of that test area and additional test locations shall not be permitted.
- All signal boosters or amplifiers shall be tested to verify that the gain is the same as it was upon initial installation and acceptance or set to optimize the performance of the system under all operating conditions.
- At the time of installation and at subsequent annual inspections, a spectrum analyzer or other suitable test equipment shall be utilized to ensure spurious oscillations are not being generated by the subject signal booster.
- Systems shall be tested using two portable radios simultaneously conducting subjective voice quality checks, as
follows:
- One portable radio shall be positioned not more than 10 ft (3048 mm) from the indoor antenna.
- The second portable radio shall be positioned at a distance that represents the farthest distance from any indoor antenna.
- With both portable radios simultaneously keyed up on different frequencies within the same band, subjective audio testing shall be conducted and comply with DAQ levels as specified in 9.6.8.1 or 9.6.8.2 of NFPA 1221 as applicable.
Medical gas and
vacuum systems shall comply with NFPA 99.
Photovoltaic systems shall be designed and installed
in accordance with Section 11.12.
Buildings with a
rooftop-mounted PV system and buildings with a BIPV system
installed as the roof covering shall be provided with permanent
labels as described in 11.12.2.1.1.1 through 11.12.2.1.1.9.
The type of PV system
rapid shutdown shall be labeled as described in 11.12.2.1.1.1.1
or 11.12.2.1.1.1.2.
The label required by 11.12.2.1.1.1 shall be both of the following:
- Reflective
- Lettered as follows:
- All letters capitalized
- All letters having a minimum height of 3/8 in. (9.5 mm)
- All letters in white on a red background
The label required by 11.12.2.1.1.1 shall include
a simple diagram of a building with a roof.
Diagram sections in red shall signify sections of
the PV system that are not shut down when the rapid shutdown
switch is operated.
Sections of the diagram in green shall signify
sections of the PV system that are shut down when the rapid
shutdown switch is operated.
Buildings with PV systems shall have both of the following:
For buildings that have PV systems with both rapid
shutdown types, or a rapid shutdown type and a PV system with no rapid shutdown, a detailed plan view diagram of the roof
shall be provided showing each PV system and a dotted line
around areas that remain energized after the rapid shutdown
switch is operated.
The rapid shutdown switch shall have a permanent label located at a readily visible location on or no more than 3 ft (1 m) from the switch that includes the following words:
RAPID SHUTDOWN SWITCH FOR SOLAR PV SYSTEM
The label required by 11.12.2.1.1.8 shall be both of the following:
- Reflective
- Lettered as follows:
- All letters capitalized
- All letters having a minimum height of 3/8 in. (9.5 mm)
- All letters in white on red background
Each PV system disconnecting means shall
plainly indicate whether in the open (off) or closed (on) position.
Additional markings shall be permitted based
upon the specific system configuration.
For PV system disconnecting means where the line and load terminals may be energized in the open position, the device shall be marked with the following words or equivalent wording approved by the fire department:
WARNING: ELECTRIC SHOCK HAZARD TERMINALS ON THE LINE AND LOAD SIDES MAY BE ENERGIZED IN THE OPEN POSITION
Unless located and arranged so the purpose is evident, the following wiring methods and enclosures that contain PV power source conductors shall be marked with the words WARNING: PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER SOURCE or SOLAR PV DC CIRCUIT by means of permanently affixed labels or other approved permanent marking approved by the fire department:
- Exposed raceways, cable trays, and other wiring methods
- Covers or enclosures of pull boxes and junction boxes
- Conduit bodies in which any of the available conduit openings are unused
The labels or markings shall be visible after installation.
All letters shall be as follows:
- Capitalized
- Minimum height of 3/8 in. (9.5 mm)
- White on a red background
Labels shall appear on every section of the wiring system
that is separated by enclosures, walls, partitions, ceilings, or
floors.
Spacing between labels or markings, or between a label
and a marking, shall not be more than 10 ft (3 m).
Labels required by 11.12.2.1.3 shall be suitable for the
environment where they are installed.
Labels required by 11.12.2.1.3 shall be maintained and
replaced if removed or damaged, or if the label becomes illegible.
A permanent plaque or directory shall be installed at each service equipment location, or at a readily visible
location approved by the fire department.
Where installations consist of multiple co-located power production sources, the permanent plaque or directory shall be permitted to identify the sources as a group(s).
Plaques or directories permitted by 11.12.2.1.4.2
shall not be required to identify each power source individually.
The plaque or directory shall denote the location of each power source disconnecting means for the building or structure and be grouped with other plaques or
directories for other on-site sources.
The plaque or directory shall be marked with the wording "CAUTION: MULTIPLE SOURCES OF POWER."
BIPV systems installed as the roof covering shall
have markings to identify any areas with electrical hazards
hidden from view.
Marking shall be both of the following:
- Reflective
- Visible from grade
The AHJ shall be permitted to reduce or modify
roof access based upon fire department ventilation procedures
or alternative methods that ensure adequate fire department
access, pathways, and smoke ventilation.
Photovoltaic systems installed on one- and two-family dwellings and townhouses shall provide roof access in accordance with 11.12.3.2.
Designation of ridges shall not apply to roofs with
2 in 12 or less pitch.
Not less than two 36 in. (914 mm) wide access
pathways on separate roof planes, from gutter to ridge, shall be
provided on all buildings.
For each roof plane with a PV array, a 36 in.
(914 mm) wide access pathway from gutter to ridge shall be
provided on the same roof plane as the PV array, on an adjacent roof plane, or straddling the same and adjacent roof
planes.
Access pathways shall be located in areas with
minimal obstructions such as vent pipes, conduit, or mechanical equipment.
For PV arrays occupying up to 33 percent of the
plan view roof area, a minimum 18 in. (457 mm) setback shall
be provided on either side of a horizontal ridge.
For PV arrays occupying more than 33 percent
of the plan view roof area, a minimum of 36 in. (914 mm)
setback shall be provided on either side of a horizontal ridge.
For one- and two-family dwellings with an automatic sprinkler system installed within the dwelling in accordance with 13.3.2.19, for PV arrays occupying up to 66 percent
of the plan view roof area, a minimum 18 in. (457 mm) setback
shall be provided on either side of a horizontal ridge.
For PV arrays occupying more than 66 percent
of the plan view roof area on sprinklered one- and two-family
dwellings, a minimum 36 in. (914 mm) setback shall be provided on either side of a horizontal ridge.
Photovoltaic systems installed on any building
other than one- and two-family dwellings and townhouses shall
provide roof access in accordance with 11.12.3.3.
Where the AHJ determines that the roof configuration is similar to a one- and two-family dwelling or townhouse, the AHJ shall allow the roof access requirements of
11.12.3.2.
Detached, nonhabitable structures, including,
but not limited to, parking shade structures, carports, solar trellises, and similar structures, shall not be required to provide
roof access.
A minimum 48 in. (1219 mm) wide perimeter
pathway shall be provided around the edges of the roof for
buildings with a length or width of 250 ft (76.2 m) or less along
either axis.
A minimum 6 ft (1829 mm) wide perimeter pathway shall be provided around the edges of the roof for buildings having length or width greater than 250 ft (76.2 m) along either axis.
Pathways shall be over areas capable of supporting firefighters accessing the roof and shall be provided between array sections as follows:
- Pathways shall be provided in a straight line 48 in. (1219 mm) or greater in width to all ventilation hatches and roof standpipes.
- Pathways shall be provided 48 in. (1219 mm) or greater in width around roof access hatches with at least one 48 in. (1219 mm) or greater in width pathway to the parapet or roof edge.
- Pathways shall be provided at intervals no greater than 150 ft (46 m) throughout the length and width of the roof.
A minimum 48 in. (1219 mm) wide pathway shall be provided bordering all sides of non-gravity-operated smoke and heat vents and bordering at least one side of gravity-operated smoke and heat vents.
Ventilation options between array sections shall be at least one of the following:
- * A pathway 96 in. (2438 mm) or greater in width
- * A pathway 48 in. (1219 mm) or greater in width and bordering on existing roof skylights at intervals no greater than 150 ft (46 m) throughout the length and width of the roof
- * A pathway 48 in. (1219 mm) or greater in width and bordering 48 in. (1219 mm) by 96 in. (2438 mm) with venting cutouts options every 20 ft (6096 mm)
Pathways
shall be located in areas with minimal obstructions such as vent
pipes, conduit, or mechanical equipment to reduce trip
hazards and maximize ventilation opportunities.
Where rooftop-mounted PV systems or BIPV systems installed as the roof covering are installed on a roof plane directly below an emergency escape and rescue opening, a minimum 36 in. (914 mm) wide access pathway shall be provided to at least one emergency escape and rescue opening for each sleeping room.
A clear area of 10 ft (3048 mm)
around ground-mounted photovoltaic installations shall be
provided.