Every new and existing building or structure shall be constructed, arranged, equipped, maintained, and operated in accordance with this Code so as to provide a reasonable level of life safety, property protection, and public welfare from the actual and potential hazards created by fire, explosion, and other hazardous conditions.
Every new and existing building shall comply with this Code and NFPA 101.
Where a building code has been adopted, all new construction shall comply with this Code and the building code.
Where structural elements have visible damage, the AHJ shall be permitted to require a technical analysis prepared in accordance with Section 1.15 to determine if repairs are necessary to restore structural integrity.
Any person who deliberately, or through negligence, sets fire to or causes the burning of any combustible material in such a manner as to endanger the safety of any person or property shall be deemed to be in violation of this Code.
The AHJ shall have the authority to prohibit any or all open flames or other sources of ignition where circumstances make such conditions hazardous.
The owner, operator, or occupant shall be responsible for compliance with this Code.
The owner, operator, or occupant, or any person in control of a building or premises shall keep records of all maintenance, inspections, and testing of fire protection systems, fire alarm systems, smoke control systems, emergency evacuation and relocation drills, emergency action plans, emergency power, elevators, and other equipment as required by the AHJ.
All records required to be kept shall be maintained until their useful life has been served, as required by law, or as required by the AHJ.
Fire prevention inspections shall occur on existing premises in accordance with the minimum inspection frequency schedule specified in Table 10.2.7.1.
[1730:Table 6.7]
Table 10.2.7.1 Minimum Inspection Frequency
| Occupancy Risk Classification | Frequency |
|---|---|
| High | Annually |
| Moderate | Biennially |
| Low | Triennially |
| Critical infrastructure | Per AHJ |
The AHJ shall be permitted to approve alternative qualifications for the approved party specified in 10.2.7.2.
The provisions of 10.2.7 shall not apply to detached one- and two-family dwellings or townhomes.
No new construction or existing building shall be occupied in whole or in part in violation of the provisions of this Code.
Existing buildings that are occupied at the time of adoption of this Code shall remain in use provided that the following conditions are met:
- The occupancy classification remains the same.
- No condition deemed hazardous to life or property exists that would constitute an imminent danger.
Buildings or portions of buildings, except for routine maintenance or repair, shall not be occupied during construction, repair, or alteration without the approval of the AHJ if required means of egress are impaired or required fire protection systems are out of service.
Persons shall not fail to leave any overcrowded premises when ordered to do so by the AHJ.
Persons shall not fail to leave a building when a fire alarm system is activated, unless otherwise provided for in an approved building fire evacuation plan or during routine testing or maintenance.
Emergency egress and relocation drills conforming to the provisions of this Code shall be conducted as specified by the provisions of Chapter 20 of this Code or Chapters 11 through 42 of NFPA 101, or by appropriate action of the AHJ. Drills shall be designed in cooperation with the local authorities. [101:4.7.1]
Emergency egress and relocation drills, where required by Chapter 20 of this Code or Chapters 11 through 42 of NFPA 101, or the AHJ, shall be held with sufficient frequency to familiarize occupants with the drill procedure and to establish conduct of the drill as a matter of routine. Drills shall include suitable procedures to ensure that all persons subject to the drill participate. [101:4.7.2]
When conducting drills, emphasis shall be placed on orderly evacuation rather than on speed. [101:4.7.3]
Drills shall be held at expected and unexpected times and under varying conditions to simulate the unusual conditions that can occur in an actual emergency. [101:4.7.4]
Drill participants shall relocate to a predetermined location and remain at such location until a recall or dismissal signal is given. [101:4.7.5]
The person discovering any unwanted fire, regardless of magnitude, shall immediately notify the fire department.
Facilities that have established on-premises firefighting organizations and have coordinated and arranged procedures approved by the AHJ shall not need to notify the fire department.
The owner, manager, occupant, or any person in control of such building or premises, upon discovery of an unwanted fire or evidence of a previous unwanted fire that had apparently been extinguished, shall immediately notify the fire department.
Persons shall not make, issue, post, or maintain any regulation or order, written or verbal, that would require any person to take any unnecessary delaying action prior to reporting a fire to the fire department.
Persons shall not deliberately or maliciously turn in an alarm of fire when in fact that person knows that no fire exists.
Notification of unauthorized discharge of hazardous materials shall be in accordance with Chapter 60.
Any person who willfully makes any false, fraudulent, misleading, or unfounded report or statement or willfully misrepresents any fact with the intention of misleading any fire department personnel or who interferes with the operation of the fire department shall be in violation of this Code.
As necessary during emergencies, maintenance, drills, prescribed testing, alterations, or renovations, portable or fixed fire-extinguishing systems or devices or any fire-warning system or device shall be permitted to be made inoperative or inaccessible.
Persons shall not render a fire protection system or device inoperative during an emergency unless by direction of the incident commander.
Upcodes Diagrams
Emergency action plans shall be provided for high-rise, health care, ambulatory health care, residential board and care, assembly, day-care centers, special amusement buildings, hotels and dormitories, detention and correctional occupancies, educational, underground and windowless structures, facilities storing or handling materials covered by Chapter 60, or where required by the AHJ.
Upcodes Diagrams
Emergency action plans shall include the following:
- Procedures for reporting of emergencies
- Occupant and staff response to emergencies
- * Evacuation, relocation and shelter-in-place procedures appropriate to the building, its occupancy, emergencies, and hazards
- Appropriateness of the use of elevators
- Design and conduct of fire drills
- Type and coverage of building fire protection systems
- Other items required by the AHJ
[101:4.8.2.1]
Where smoking is considered a fire hazard, the AHJ shall be authorized to order the owner in writing to post "No Smoking" signs in conspicuous, designated locations where smoking is prohibited.
Permits, where required, shall comply with Section 1.12.
The AHJ shall have the authority to prohibit any or all open flames, candles, and open, recreational, and cooking fires or other sources of ignition, or establish special regulations on the use of any form of fire or smoking material where circumstances make such conditions hazardous.
Outdoor fires shall not be built, ignited, or maintained in or upon hazardous fire areas, except by permit from the AHJ.
Permanent barbecues, portable barbecues, outdoor fireplaces, or grills shall not be used for the disposal of rubbish, trash, or combustible waste material.
Permitted open fires shall be located not less than 50 ft (15 m) from any structure.
Recreational fires shall not be located within 25 ft (7.6 m) of a structure or combustible material unless contained in an approved manner.
Conditions that could cause a fire to spread to within 25 ft (7.6 m) of a structure shall be eliminated prior to ignition.
Open, recreational, and cooking fires shall be constantly attended by a competent person until such fire is extinguished.
This person shall have a garden hose connected to the water supply or other fire-extinguishing equipment readily available for use.
For other than one- and two-family dwellings, no hibachi, grill, or other similar devices used for cooking, heating, or any other purpose shall be used or kindled on any balcony, under any overhanging portion, or within 10 ft (3 m) of any structure.
For other than one-and two-family dwellings, no hibachi, grill, or other similar devices used for cooking shall be stored on a balcony.
Listed equipment permanently installed in accordance with its listing, applicable codes, and manufacturer's instructions shall be permitted.
The installation of patio heaters shall comply with 69.3.13.
Incinerators, outdoor fireplaces, permanent barbecues, and grills shall not be built, installed, or maintained without prior approval of the AHJ.
Incinerators, outdoor fireplaces, permanent barbecues, and grills shall be maintained in good repair and in a safe condition at all times.
Flame-employing devices, such as lanterns or kerosene road flares, and fuses shall not be operated or used as a signal or marker in or upon any areas unless at the scene of emergencies or railroad operations. (See Chapter 16 and Chapter 65 for additional guidance.)
The use of unmanned, free-floating sky lanterns and similar devices utilizing an open flame shall be prohibited.
The AHJ shall be authorized to require any fire or smoke to be immediately discontinued if the fire is determined to constitute a hazardous condition.
New and existing buildings shall have approved address numbers placed in a position to be plainly legible and visible from the street or road fronting the property.
Address numbers shall be a minimum of 4 in. (100 mm) high with a minimum stroke width of 1/2 in. (13 mm).
Telecommunications equipment utilized to communicate address data to E911 communication centers shall be programmed and maintained to accurately convey such address information to the E911 communication center.
Address numbers shall contrast with their background.
Address numbers shall be arabic numerals or alphabet letters.
Shaftway signs shall be in red letters at least 6 in. (152 mm) high on a white background stating "SHAFTWAY."
Such warning signs shall be placed so as to be readily discernible from the outside of the building.
New enclosed stairs serving three or more stories and existing enclosed stairs other than those addressed in 10.11.3.1.16, serving five or more stories shall comply with 10.11.3.1.1 through 10.11.3.1.15. [101:7.2.2.5.4.1]
The stairs shall be provided with special signage within the enclosure at each floor landing. [101:7.2.2.5.4.1(A)]
The signage shall indicate the floor level. [101:7.2.2.5.4.1(B)]
The signage shall indicate the terminus of the top and bottom of the stair enclosure. [101:7.2.2.5.4.1(C)]
The signage shall indicate the identification of the stair enclosure. [101:7.2.2.5.4.1(D)]
The signage shall indicate the floor level of, and the direction to, exit discharge. [101:7.2.2.5.4.1(E)]
The signage shall be located inside the stair enclosure. [101:7.2.2.5.4.1(F)]
The bottom of the signage shall be located a minimum of 48 in. (1220 mm) above the floor landing and the top of the signage shall be located a maximum of 84 in. (2135 mm) above the floor landing. [101:7.2.2.5.4.1(G)]
The signage shall be in a position that is visible from within the stair enclosure when the door is in the open or closed position. [101:7.2.2.5.4.1(H)]
The floor level designation shall also be tactile in accordance with ICC/ANSI A117.1, Accessible and Usable Buildings and Facilities. [101:7.2.2.5.4.1(J)]
The signage shall be painted or stenciled on the wall or on a separate sign securely attached to the wall. [101:7.2.2.5.4.1(K)]
The stairway identification shall be located at the top of the sign in minimum 1 in. (25 mm) high lettering and shall be in accordance with 14.14.8.2. [101:7.2.2.5.4.1(L)]
Signage that reads NO ROOF ACCESS shall designate stairways that do not provide roof access. Lettering shall be a minimum of 1 in. (25 mm) high and shall be in accordance with 14.14.8.2. [101:7.2.2.5.4.1(M)]
The floor level number shall be located below the stairway identifier in minimum 5 in. (125 mm) high numbers and shall be in accordance with 14.14.8.2. Mezzanine levels shall have the letter "M" or other appropriate identification letter preceding the floor number, while basement levels shall have the letter "B" or other appropriate identification letter preceding the floor level number. [101:7.2.2.5.4.1(N)]
Identification of the lower and upper terminus of the stairway shall be on the sign in minimum 1 in. (25 mm) high letters or numbers and shall be in accordance with 14.14.8.2. [101:7.2.2.5.4.1(O)]
Previously approved, existing signage shall not be required to comply with 10.11.3.1.12 through 10.11.3.1.15. [101:7.2.2.5.4.1(P)]
Wherever an enclosed stair requires travel in an upward direction to reach the level of exit discharge, special signs with directional indicators showing the direction to the level of exit discharge shall be provided at each floor level landing from which upward direction of travel is required, unless otherwise provided in 10.11.3.2.1 and 10.11.3.2.2, and both of the following also shall apply:
- Such signage shall comply with 14.14.8.1 and 14.14.8.2.
- Such signage shall be visible when the door leaf is in the open or closed position.
[101:7.2.2.5.4.2]
The requirement of 10.11.3.2 shall not apply where signs required by 10.11.3.1.1 are provided. [101:7.2.2.5.4.2(A)]
The requirement of 10.11.3.2 shall not apply to stairs extending not more than one story below the level of exit discharge where the exit discharge is clearly obvious. [101:7.2.2.5.4.2(B)]
Where new contrasting marking is applied to stairs, such marking shall comply with all of the following:
- The marking shall include a continuous strip as a coating on, or as a material integral with, the full width of the leading edge of each tread.
- The marking shall include a continuous strip as a coating on, or as a material integral with, the full width of the leading edge of each landing nosing.
- The marking strip width, measured horizontally from the leading vertical edge of the nosing, shall be consistent at all nosings.
- The marking strip width shall be 1 in. to 2 in. (25 mm to 51 mm).
[101:7.2.2.5.4.3]
Where new contrast marking is provided for stairway handrails, it shall be applied to, or be part of, at least the upper surface of the handrail; have a minimum width of 1/2 in. (13 mm); and extend the full length of each handrail. After marking, the handrail shall comply with 7.2.2.4.4 of NFPA 101. Where handrails or handrail extensions bend or turn corners, the stripe shall be permitted to have a gap of not more than 4 in. (100 mm). [101:7.2.2.5.4.4]
Every person owning or having charge or control of any vacant building, premises, or portion thereof shall remove all combustible storage, waste, refuse, and vegetation and shall lock, barricade, or otherwise secure the building or premises to prohibit entry by unauthorized persons.
All fire protection systems shall be maintained in service in seasonal and vacant buildings, unless otherwise approved by the AHJ.
With the approval of the AHJ, fire protection and fire alarm systems in seasonal and vacant buildings shall be permitted to be removed from service.
The AHJ shall have the authority to require an inspection and test of any fire protection system or fire alarm system that has been out of service for 30 days or more before restored back into service.
Combustible vegetation, including natural cut Christmas trees, shall be in accordance with Section 10.13.
Christmas tree placement within buildings shall comply with Table 10.13.1.1.
Table 10.13.1.1 Provisions for Christmas Trees by Occupancy
| Occupancy | No Trees Permitted | Cut Tree Permitted With Automatic Sprinkler Systems | Cut Tree Permitted Without Automatic Sprinkler Systems | Balled Tree Permitted |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ambulatory health care | X | |||
| Apartment buildings | Within unit | Within unit | X | |
| Assembly | X | |||
| Board and care | X | |||
| Business | X | X | ||
| Day-care | X | X | ||
| Detention and correctional | X | |||
| Dormitories | X | |||
| Educational | X | |||
| Health care | X | |||
| Hotels | X | |||
| Industrial | X | X | X | |
| Lodging and rooming | X | |||
| Mercantile | X | X | ||
| One and two family | X | X | X | |
| Storage | X | X | X |
In any occupancy, limited quantities of combustible vegetation shall be permitted where the AHJ determines that adequate safeguards are provided based on the quantity and nature of the combustible vegetation.
Artificial vegetation and artificial Christmas trees shall be labeled or otherwise identified or certified by the manufacturer as being fire retardant.
Vegetation and Christmas trees shall not obstruct corridors, exit ways, or other means of egress.
Only listed electrical lights and wiring shall be used on natural or artificial combustible vegetation, natural or artificial Christmas trees, and other similar decorations.
Electrical lights shall be prohibited on metal artificial trees.
Open flames such as from candles, lanterns, kerosene heaters, and gas-fired heaters shall not be located on or near combustible vegetation, Christmas trees, or other similar combustible materials.
Combustible vegetation and natural cut Christmas trees shall not be located near heating vents or other fixed or portable heating devices that could cause it to dry out prematurely or to be ignited.
Where a natural cut tree is permitted, the bottom end of the trunk shall be cut off with a straight fresh cut at least 1/2 in. (13 mm) above the end prior to placing the tree in a stand to allow the tree to absorb water.
The tree shall be placed in a suitable stand with water.
The water level shall be maintained above the fresh cut and checked at least once daily.
The tree shall be removed from the building immediately upon evidence of dryness.
Cut or uncut weeds, grass, vines, and other vegetation shall be removed when determined by the AHJ to be a fire hazard.
Designated areas shall be cleared of combustible vegetation to establish the fuel breaks.
Permits, where required, shall comply with Section 1.12.
The AHJ shall be permitted to order a life safety evaluation in accordance with this subsection.
Where a life safety evaluation is required by other provisions of the Code, it shall comply with all of the following:
- The life safety evaluation shall be performed by persons acceptable to the AHJ.
- The life safety evaluation shall include a written assessment of safety measures for conditions listed in 10.14.3.2 and of the building systems and facility management in accordance with 10.14.3.3.
- The life safety evaluation shall be approved annually and shall be updated for special or unusual conditions in accordance with the provisions of 13.4.1 of NFPA 101 for existing assembly occupancies.
[101:12.4.1.1]
Life safety evaluations shall include an assessment of all of the following conditions and related appropriate safety measures:
- Nature of the events and the participants and attendees
- Access and egress movement, including crowd density problems
- Medical emergencies
- Fire hazards
- Permanent and temporary structural systems
- Severe weather conditions
- Earthquakes
- Civil or other disturbances
- Hazardous materials incidents within and near the facility
- Relationships among facility management, event participants, emergency response agencies, and others having a role in the events accommodated in the facility
[101:12.4.1.2]
Prior to issuance of the building permit, the design team shall provide the AHJ with building systems documentation in accordance with 10.14.3.4. [101:12.4.1.3.1]
The life safety evaluation shall be performed by persons acceptable to the authority having jurisdiction. [101:12.4.1.3.3.3]
The AHJ shall be provided with a life safety building systems document providing the information required in 10.14.3.4.2 through 10.14.3.4.4. [101:12.4.1.4]
The persons performing the life safety evaluation, the AHJ, the A/E design team and the building owner shall receive a copy of the life safety building systems document prior to issuance of the building permit. [101:12.4.1.4.1]
A life safety narrative shall be provided describing the following, as applicable:
- Building occupancy, construction type, and intended uses and events
- Building area and population capacity of the proposed facility
- Principal fire and life safety features/strategies for the building, including the following, as applicable:
- Egress
- Access control
- Fire barriers, smoke barriers, and smoke partitions
- Fire suppression systems
- Smoke control/protection
- Fire detection and alarm
- PA system
- Emergency elevator operation
- Emergency power and lighting
- Provisions for patrons with disabilities
- Fire department access
- Fire/emergency command center
- Exterior construction design parameters used/applied
[101:12.4.1.4.2]
Life safety floor plans of each level shall be provided, as applicable, with the following:
- Occupant load, exit location, egress capacity, main entrance/exit, horizontal exits, travel distance and exit discharge
- Fire barriers, smoke barriers, and smoke partitions
- Areas of smoke protected assembly occupancy
- Separate smoke protected areas or zones
- Areas of other occupancy type and separations
- Unprotected vertical openings
- Event plans for each anticipated type of event depicting the following:
- Seating configuration
- Exhibit booth layout
- Stage location
- Occupant load, egress capacity required, exits provided and travel distance
- Any floor or stage use restrictions
- Plan and/or section drawing indicating where sprinkler protection is omitted
- Areas of refuge — interior and exterior
[101:12.4.1.4.3]
Where active or passive smoke control is used, an engineering analysis shall be provided and shall include the following:
- Smoke protection analysis to substitute the use of smoke-protected assembly seating as follows:
- Performance-based design methods approved by the AHJ
- Smoke control air requirements per NFPA 92
- Smoke control assumptions, such as fire scenario description, fire size quantification, and smoke development/smoke movement analysis
- Proposed testing protocol for smoke control system and pass/fail criteria
- Timed egress analysis
- Assumed flow rates and travel speeds
- Sprinkler protection calculations, including an engineering analysis substantiating locations in accordance with 12.3.5.3 where sprinkler protection would be ineffective due to height and combustible loading
- Load diagram of rigging/load capacity of gridiron, fly loft, or long-span roof structure used for hanging overhead objects
[101:12.4.1.4.4]
The AHJ shall be provided with a life safety management document providing the information required in 10.14.3.5.2 through 10.14.3.5.7. [101:12.4.1.5]
The persons performing the life safety evaluation, the AHJ, the A/E design team and the building owner shall receive a copy of the life safety management document prior to issuance of the certificate of occupancy. [101:12.4.1.5.1]
Facility management and operational plans shall address the following, as applicable:
- Best practices adopted or recognized
- Emergency plans
- Evacuation plans
- Shelter-in-place plans, including capacities and protection considerations
- Crowd management training plan
- Safety plans, which include the following:
- Training plans
- Safety equipment plans
- Fire alarm, smoke control system protocol and testing plans
- First aid or medical treatment plans, which include the following:
- Defined levels of service
- Standing orders adopted
- Supply and equipment plan
- Housekeeping plans — biological, medical, hazardous materials cleaning
- Emergency communication plans, which include the following:
- Chain of authority and incident command system employed
- Contact information for the following:
- Venue personnel
- Emergency management and response organizations (such as fire, police, medical, utility, transportation, and key stakeholders)
- Communication systems
- Standard announcement for incidents or emergency situations
- Risk and threat assessment for venue and surrounding area for the following:
- Severe weather
- Hazardous materials
- Terrorism
- Hostile intruder
- Operating procedures and protocols for risks, such as the following:
- Severe weather preparedness and monitoring plans
- Hazardous materials incidence response plans
- Terrorism response plans
- Hostile intruder response plans
- First responder response/arrival routes plans
- Alcohol management plans
- Food safety plans
- Rigging and temporary performance structure, which includes the following:
- Design and safety review plans
- Emergency action plans
- Chemical and hazardous materials information and data
- Barrier and wall protection plans for motor sports or similar events
[101:12.4.1.5.2]
Records of the facility management plans, including procedures and location, shall be maintained, for the following:
- Crowd management training
- Safety training
- Fire alarm, smoke control system maintenance, and test records
- First aid or medical treatment and regulation compliance
[101:12.4.1.5.3]
A building systems reference guide shall be provided in accordance with 10.14.3.5.4.1 through 10.14.3.5.4.3. [101:12.4.1.5.4]
The life safety building systems document in accordance with 10.14.3.4 shall be permitted to be used, and additionally the life safety building systems reference guide shall include the following, as applicable:
- Occupant capacity of every space/room
- Egress flow diagrams, including assumed flow rates, and capacities of all aisles and hallways, including public and nonpublic areas
- Capacities of all exterior doors and/or choke points in immediate perimeter areas
- Limitations or assumptions for ingress control that could be in place during an emergency egress/evacuation, including control gates, queuing barriers, and turnstiles
- Capacities of immediate perimeter exterior walkways, including assumed flow rates for exterior areas
- Assumed egress paths for normal conditions — transportation modes
- Management-level sequencing charts for alarm and emergency communication systems, the manual, or override options/instructions that include the following:
- List of codes or alarm signals
- Location of manual overrides
- Description of sequence of operations during an alarm, such as exhaust fans operate or doors open
- Principal fire and life safety features/strategies, such as sprinklers, smoke control, fire alarm notifications, PA system, emergency power, and fire department access
- Assumptions when developing occupancy plans for venue floor, open areas, and nonevent spaces, such as the following:
- Event floor plans/setup diagrams for each typical event/activity
- Fire sprinkler and smoke protection capabilities
- Severe weather shelter areas, locations, structure considerations (limitations), capacities (occupancy and density factor)
- Command center, which includes the following:
- Location (formal or informal)
- Structural integrity considerations
- Redundant locations and/or capabilities
- Jurisdictional rights — assumed and/or applied
- Locations and capacities of wheelchair and mobility-impaired seating
- Locations and capacities of areas of refuge and other safe areas
- Rigging or structural load capacities of grids, truss structure, fly lofts, ceilings, floors, ramps, and staging
- List of locations of emergency equipment such as fire extinguishers, fire hose cabinets, fire hydrants, and AEDs.
- Sequencing of electrical service, such as the following:
- Emergency generators and charts of all areas illuminated during power outages
- Multiple electrical feed capabilities
- List of mechanical, movable equipment in the facility
- Potential hazards in the surrounding neighborhood, including train tracks and propane stations
- Assumptions or accommodations considered and used in design
[101:12.4.1.5.4.3]
For events and activities at the venue that are outside the normal operating conditions or vary from the normal facility management plans, the following shall apply:
- Facility management shall perform an event/activity specific facility management plan for the AHJ to review.
- Approval of the AHJ for the specific facility management plan shall occur prior to such event.
[101:12.4.1.5.7]
A minimum of one portable fire extinguisher shall be provided for each concession stand where required by the AHJ in accordance with Section 13.6.
A minimum of one single station smoke alarm shall be located in all stock or equipment trailers when they are used for sleeping purposes.
Electrical equipment and installations shall comply with Section 11.1.
Concession stands utilized for cooking shall have a minimum of 10 ft (3 m) of clearance on two sides and shall not be located within 10 ft (3 m) of amusement rides or devices.
Methods of notifying the fire department shall be readily available to the public.
Refueling shall be conducted only when not in use.
Internal combustion power sources shall be isolated from contact with the public by either physical guards, fencing, or an enclosure.
A minimum of one portable fire extinguisher with a rating of not less than 2-A:10-B:C shall be provided.
Permits, where required, shall comply with Section 1.12.
The owner or operator of a crop maze amusement attraction shall advise all employees of the fire and life safety regulations established in this subsection prior to the employees assuming their respective duties.
The owner or operator of a crop maze or their employees shall provide safety instructions to the visitors and patrons of a crop maze prior to their entrance to the maze.
A minimum of two employees shall be on duty to monitor a crop maze during hours of operation.
A minimum of one of the employees shall be located on an elevated platform a minimum of 10 ft (3 m) above the maze.
The owner or operator of a crop maze shall contact the local fire department and provide the fire department with the opportunity to prepare a pre-plan of the crop maze amusement attraction prior to the start of seasonal operations.
Motorized vehicles shall not be parked within 75 ft (23 m) of a crop maze.
A fuel break of a minimum of 20 ft (6 m) wide shall be cleared between a crop maze and any vehicles or vegetation outside the maze.
A bull horn or loud speaker shall suffice as a public address system.
The entrance and exit from a crop maze shall not be blocked or obstructed at any time the maze is open for business and occupied by the public.
No more than 200 persons per acre, including adults and children, shall occupy the crop maze at any one time.
No open flame-producing devices or equipment shall be permitted within the confines of the crop maze.
No smoking shall be permitted within the confines of the crop maze.
Fireworks shall not be discharged within a minimum of 300 ft (91 m) of any crop maze at any time.
The use of display fireworks shall comply with Chapter 65 in addition to the requirements of 10.14.11.4.
Outside storage of combustible materials shall not be located within 10 ft (3 m) of a property line.
The separation distance shall be allowed to be reduced to 3 ft (0.9 m) for storage not exceeding 6 ft (1.8 m) in height.
The separation distance shall be allowed to be reduced where the AHJ determines that no hazard to the adjoining property exists.
Combustible material shall not be stored beneath a building or structure unless specifically constructed or protected for this purpose.
Combustible storage in the open shall not exceed 20 ft (6.1 m) in height.
Permits, where required, shall comply with Section 1.12.
Motorized parade floats and towing apparatus shall be provided with a minimum 2-A:10-B:C-rated portable fire extinguisher readily accessible to the operator.
Powered industrial trucks shall be operated and maintained in accordance with NFPA 505.
Permits, where required, shall comply with Section 1.12.
Storage shall be maintained 2 ft (0.61 m) or more from the ceiling in nonsprinklered areas of buildings.
The clearance between the deflector and the top of storage shall be 18 in. (450 mm) or greater. [13:8.6.6.1]
The 18 in. (450 mm) dimension shall not limit the height of shelving on a wall or shelving against a wall in accordance with 10.18.3, of this Code, and 8.7.6, 8.8.6, and Section 8.9 of NFPA 13. [13:8.6.6.2]
Where shelving is installed on a wall and is not directly below sprinklers, the shelves, including storage thereon, shall be permitted to extend above the level of a plane located 18 in. (450 mm) below ceiling sprinkler deflectors. [13:8.6.6.2.1]
Shelving, and any storage thereon, directly below the sprinklers shall not extend above a plane located 18 in. (450 mm) below the ceiling sprinkler deflectors. [13:8.6.6.2.2]
Combustible material shall not be stored in exits.
Combustible material shall not be stored in boiler rooms, mechanical rooms, or electrical equipment rooms.
Attic, under-floor, and concealed spaces used for storage of combustible materials shall comply with the protection from hazards requirements for storage rooms in NFPA 101.
Fueled equipment, including but not limited to motorcycles, mopeds, lawn-care equipment, and portable cooking equipment, shall not be stored, operated, or repaired within a building except under one of the following conditions:
- The building or room has been constructed for such use in accordance with the building code.
- The use is allowed by other provisions of this Code.
Indoor children's playground structures shall be constructed of noncombustible materials or of combustible materials that comply with the following:
- Fire retardant-treated wood.
- Light-transmitting plastics complying with the requirements in 10.19.1.2.
- Foam plastics (including the pipe foam used in soft-contained play equipment structures) having a maximum heat-release rate not greater than 100 kW when tested in accordance with UL 1975 or NFPA 289 using the 20 kW ignition source.
- Aluminum composite material (ACM) meeting the requirements of Class A interior finish in accordance with Chapter 10 of NFPA 101 when tested as an assembly in the maximum thickness intended for use.
- Textiles and films complying with the flame propagation performance criteria contained in Test Method 1 or Test Method 2, as appropriate, of NFPA 701.
- Plastic materials used to construct rigid components of soft-contained play equipment structures (such as tubes, windows, panels, junction boxes, pipes, slides, and decks) exhibiting a peak rate of heat release not exceeding 400 kW/m2 when tested in accordance with ASTM E1354 at an incident heat flux of 0.24 in. 50 kW/m2 in the horizontal orientation at a thickness of 0.24 in. (6 mm).
- Balls used in ball pools, in soft-contained play equipment structures, shall have a maximum heat release rate not greater than 100 kW when tested in accordance with UL 1975 or NFPA 289 using the 20 kW ignition source. The minimum specimen test size shall be 36 in. × 36 in. (0.91 m × 0.91 m) by an average of 21 in. (0.56 m) deep, and the balls shall be held in a box constructed of galvanized steel poultry netting wire mesh.
- Foam plastics shall be covered by fabric, coating, or film meeting the flame propagation performance criteria contained in Test Method 1 or Test Method 2, as appropriate, of NFPA 701.
- The floor covering within the children's playground structure shall exhibit a Class I interior floor finish classification, as described in Chapter 10 of NFPA 101, when tested in accordance with NFPA 253 or with ASTM E648, Standard Test Method for Critical Radiant Flux of Floor Covering System Using a Radiant Heat Energy Source.
Light-transmitting plastics used for children's playgrounds shall meet all of the following criteria:
- They shall have a self-ignition temperature of 650°F (343°C) or greater when tested in accordance with ASTM D1929.
- They shall have a smoke developed index not greater than 450 when tested in the manner intended for use in accordance with ASTM E84, Standard Test Method of Surface Burning Characteristics of Building Materials, or ANSI/UL 723, Standard for Test for Surface Burning Characteristics of Building Materials, or not greater than 75 when tested in the thickness intended for use in accordance with ASTM D2843, Standard Test Method for Density of Smoke from the Burning or Decomposition of Plastics.
- They shall meet the criteria of one of the following classifications:
- CC1 — Plastic materials that have a burn length of 1 in. (25 mm) or less and flame extinguishment when tested at a nominal thickness of 0.060 in. (1.5 mm), or in the thickness intended for use, in accordance with ASTM D635, Standard Test Method for Rate of Burning and/or Extent and Time of Burning of Plastics in a Horizontal Position
- CC2 — Plastic materials that have a burning rate of 21/2 in./min (64 mm/min) or less when tested at a nominal thickness of 0.060 in. (1.5 mm), or at a thickness intended for use, in accordance with ASTM D635
Indoor children's playground structures shall have a minimum horizontal separation from other structures of 20 ft (6.1 m).