This chapter shall govern the approval, design, installation, construction, maintenance, alteration and repair of the appliances and equipment specifically identified herein and factory-built fireplaces. The approval, design, installation, construction, maintenance, alteration and repair of gas-fired appliances shall be regulated by the International Fuel Gas Code.
The requirements of this chapter shall apply to the mechanical equipment and appliances regulated by this chapter, in addition to the other requirements of this code.
Fireplaces and solid fuel-burning appliances shall not be installed in hazardous locations.
Listed and labeled fireplace accessories shall be installed in accordance with the conditions of the listing and the manufacturer’s instructions. Fireplace accessories shall comply with UL 907.
Masonry fireplaces shall be constructed in accordance with the International Building Code.
Factory-built fireplaces shall be listed and labeled and shall be installed in accordance with the conditions of the listing. Factory-built fireplaces shall be tested in accordance with UL 127.
Hearth extensions of approved factory-built fireplaces shall be installed in accordance with the listing of the fireplace. The hearth extension shall be readily distinguishable from the surrounding floor area. Listed and labeled hearth extensions shall comply with UL 1618.
An unvented gas log heater shall not be installed in a factory-built fireplace unless the fireplace system has been specifically tested, listed and labeled for such use in accordance with UL 127.
Pellet fuel-burning appliances shall be listed and labeled in accordance with ASTM E 1509 and shall be installed in accordance with the terms of the listing.
Fireplace stoves and solid-fuel-type room heaters shall be listed and labeled and shall be installed in accordance with the conditions of the listing. Fireplace stoves shall be tested in accordance with UL 737. Solid-fuel-type room heaters shall be tested in accordance with UL 1482. Fireplace inserts intended for installation in fireplaces shall be listed and labeled in accordance with the requirements of UL 1482 and shall be installed in accordance with the manufacturer’s installation instructions.
Hearth extensions for fireplace stoves shall be installed in accordance with the listing of the fireplace stove. The hearth extension shall be readily distinguishable from the surrounding floor area. Listed and labeled hearth extensions shall comply with UL 1618.
Factory-built barbecue appliances shall be of an approved type and shall be installed in accordance with the manufacturer’s installation instructions, this chapter and Chapters 3, 5, 7, 8 and the International Fuel Gas Code.
Incinerators and crematories shall be listed and labeled in accordance with UL 791 and shall be installed in accordance with the manufacturer’s installation instructions.
A cooling tower used in conjunction with an air-conditioning appliance shall be installed in accordance with the manufacturer’s installation instructions. Factory-built cooling towers shall be listed in accordance with UL 1995.
Cooling towers, evaporative condensers and fluid coolers shall be provided with ready access.
Cooling towers, evaporative condensers and fluid coolers shall be located to prevent the discharge vapor plumes from entering occupied spaces. Plume discharges shall be not less than 5 feet (1524 mm) above or 20 feet (6096 mm) away from any ventilation inlet to a building. Location on the property shall be as required for buildings in accordance with the International Building Code.
Supports for cooling towers, evaporative condensers and fluid coolers shall be designed in accordance with the International Building Code. Seismic restraints shall be as required by the International Building Code.
Water supplies and protection shall be as required by the International Plumbing Code.
Drains, overflows and blowdown provisions shall be indirectly connected to an approved disposal location. Discharge of chemical waste shall be approved by the appropriate regulatory authority.
Heat exchange equipment that contains a refrigerant and that is part of a closed refrigeration system shall comply with Chapter 11. Heat exhange equipment containing heat transfer fluids which are flammable, combustible or hazardous shall comply with the International Fire Code.
Vented wall furnaces shall be installed in accordance with their listing and the manufacturer’s installation instructions. Oil-fired furnaces shall be tested in accordance with UL 730.
Vented wall furnaces shall be located so as not to cause a fire hazard to walls, floors, combustible furnishings or doors. Vented wall furnaces installed between bathrooms and adjoining rooms shall not circulate air from bathrooms to other parts of the building.
Vented wall furnaces shall be located so that a door cannot swing within 12 inches (305 mm) of an air inlet or air outlet of such furnace measured at right angles to the opening. Doorstops or door closers shall not be installed to obtain this clearance.
Ducts shall not be attached to wall furnaces. Casing extension boots shall not be installed unless listed as part of the appliance.
A manual shutoff valve shall be installed ahead of all controls.
Vented wall furnaces shall be provided with access for cleaning of heating surfaces, removal of burners, replacement of sections, motors, controls, filters and other working parts, and for adjustments and lubrication of parts requiring such attention. Panels, grilles and access doors that must be removed for normal servicing operations shall not be attached to the building construction.
Floor furnaces shall be installed in accordance with their listing and the manufacturer’s installation instructions. Oil-fired furnaces shall be tested in accordance with UL 729.
Floor furnaces shall not be installed in the floor of any aisle or passageway of any auditorium, public hall, place of assembly, or in any egress element from any such room or space.
With the exception of wall register models, a floor furnace shall not be placed closer than 6 inches (152 mm) to the nearest wall, and wall register models shall not be placed closer than 6 inches (152 mm) to a corner.
The furnace shall be placed such that a drapery or similar combustible object will not be nearer than 12 inches (305 mm) to any portion of the register of the furnace. Floor furnaces shall not be installed in concrete floor construction built on grade. The controlling thermostat for a floor furnace shall be located within the same room or space as the floor furnace or shall be located in an adjacent room or space that is permanently open to the room or space containing the floor furnace.
The floor around the furnace shall be braced and headed with a support framework design in accordance with the International Building Code.
The lowest portion of the floor furnace shall have not less than a 6-inch (152 mm) clearance from the grade level; except where the lower 6-inch (152 mm) portion of the floor furnace is sealed by the manufacturer to prevent entrance of water, the minimum clearance shall be reduced to not less than 2 inches (51 mm). Where these clearances are not present, the ground below and to the sides shall be excavated to form a pit under the furnace so that the required clearance is provided beneath the lowest portion of the furnace. A 12-inch (305 mm) minimum clearance shall be provided on all sides except the control side, which shall have an 18-inch (457 mm) minimum clearance.
Duct furnaces shall be installed in accordance with the manufacturer’s installation instructions. Electric duct furnaces shall comply with UL 1996.
Electric infrared radiant heaters shall comply with UL 499.
Infrared radiant heaters shall be fixed in a position independent of fuel and electric supply lines. Hangers and brackets shall be noncombustible material.
Heaters shall be installed with clearances from combustible material in accordance with the manufacturer’s installation instructions.
Clothes dryers shall be installed in accordance with the manufacturer’s installation instructions. Electric residential clothes dryers shall be tested in accordance with UL 2158. Electric coin-operated clothes dryers shall be tested in accordance with UL 2158. Electric commercial clothes dryers shall be tested in accordance with UL 1240.
Clothes dryers shall be exhausted in accordance with Section 504.
Clothes dryers shall be installed with clearance to combustibles in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions.
Sauna heaters shall be located so as to minimize the possibility of accidental contact by a person in the room.
Sauna heaters shall be protected from accidental contact by an approved guard or barrier of material having a low coefficient of thermal conductivity. The guard shall not substantially affect the transfer of heat from the heater to the room.
Sauna heaters shall be listed and labeled in accordance with UL 875 and shall be installed in accordance with their listing and the manufacturer’s installation instructions.
Panels, grilles and access doors that are required to be removed for normal servicing operations shall not be attached to the building.
Sauna heaters shall be equipped with a thermostat that will limit room temperature to 194°F (90°C). If the thermostat is not an integral part of the sauna heater, the heat-sensing element shall be located within 6 inches (152 mm) of the ceiling. If the heat-sensing element is a capillary tube and bulb, the assembly shall be attached to the wall or other support, and shall be protected against physical damage.
A timer, if provided to control main burner operation, shall have a maximum operating time of 1 hour. The control for the timer shall be located outside the sauna room.
A ventilation opening into the sauna room shall be provided. The opening shall be not less than 4 inches by 8 inches (102 mm by 203 mm) located near the top of the door into the sauna room.
The following permanent notice, constructed of approved material, shall be mechanically attached to the sauna room on the outside:
WARNING: DO NOT EXCEED 30 MINUTES IN SAUNA. EXCESSIVE EXPOSURE CAN BE HARMFUL TO HEALTH. ANY PERSON WITH POOR HEALTH SHOULD CONSULT A PHYSICIAN BEFORE USING SAUNA.
The words shall contrast with the background and the wording shall be in letters not less than 1/4-inch (6.4 mm) high.
Exception: This section shall not apply to one- and two-family dwellings.
The installation of liquid-fueled stationary internal combustion engines and gas turbines, including exhaust, fuel storage and piping, shall meet the requirements of NFPA 37. Stationary engine generator assemblies shall meet the requirements of UL 2200.
Permanently installed equipment and appliances powered by internal combustion engines and turbines shall be installed in accordance with the manufacturer’s installation instructions and NFPA 37.
Pool and spa heaters shall be installed in accordance with the manufacturer’s installation instructions. Oil-fired pool and spa heaters shall be tested in accordance with UL 726. Electric pool and spa heaters shall be tested in accordance with UL 1261.
Cooking appliances that are designed for permanent installation, including ranges, ovens, stoves, broilers, grills, fryers, griddles and barbecues, shall be listed, labeled and installed in accordance with the manufacturer’s installation instructions. Commercial electric cooking appliances shall be listed and labeled in accordance with UL 197. Household electric ranges shall be listed and labeled in accordance with UL 858. Microwave cooking appliances shall be listed and labeled in accordance with UL 923. Oil-burning stoves shall be listed and labeled in accordance with UL 896. Solid-fuel-fired ovens shall be listed and labeled in accordance with UL 2162.
Cooking appliances designed, tested, listed and labeled for use in commercial occupancies shall not be installed within dwelling units or within any area where domestic cooking operations occur.
Cooking appliances installed within dwelling units and within areas where domestic cooking operations occur shall be listed and labeled as household-type appliances for domestic use.
Oil-fired furnaces shall be tested in accordance with UL 727. Electric furnaces shall be tested in accordance with UL 1995. Solid fuel furnaces shall be tested in accordance with UL 391. Forced-air furnaces shall be installed in accordance with the listings and the manufacturer’s installation instructions.
The minimum unobstructed total area of the outdoor and return air ducts or openings to a forced-air warm-air furnace shall be not less than 2 square inches per 1,000 Btu/h (4402 mm2/kW) output rating capacity of the furnace and not less than that specified in the furnace manufacturer’s installation instructions. The minimum unobstructed total area of supply ducts from a forced-air warm-air furnace shall not be less than 2 square inches for each 1,000 Btu/h (4402 mm2/kW) output rating capacity of the furnace and not less than that specified in the furnace manufacturer’s installation instructions.
Exception: The total area of the supply air ducts and outdoor and return air ducts shall not be required to be larger than the minimum size required by the furnace manufacturer’s installation instructions.
The minimum unobstructed total area of the outdoor and return air ducts or openings to a heat pump shall be not less than 6 square inches per 1,000 Btu/h (13 208 mm2/kW) output rating or as indicated by the conditions of listing of the heat pump. Electric heat pumps shall be tested in accordance with UL 1995.
Volume dampers shall not be placed in the air inlet to a furnace in a manner that will reduce the required air to the furnace.
Circulating air for fuel-burning, forced-air-type, warm-air furnaces shall be conducted into the blower housing from outside the furnace enclosure by continuous air-tight ducts.
Outdoor or return air for forced-air heating and cooling systems shall not be taken from the following locations:
1. Less than 10 feet (3048 mm) from an appliance vent outlet, a vent opening from a plumbing drainage system or the discharge outlet of an exhaust fan, unless the outlet is 3 feet (914 mm) above the outdoor air inlet.
2. Where there is the presence of objectionable odors, fumes or flammable vapors; or where located less than 10 feet (3048 mm) above the surface of any abutting public way or driveway; or where located at grade level by a sidewalk, street, alley or driveway.
3. A hazardous or insanitary location or a refrigeration machinery room as defined in this code.
4. A room or space, the volume of which is less than 25 percent of the entire volume served by such system. Where connected by a permanent opening having an area sized in accordance with Sections 918.2 and 918.3, adjoining rooms or spaces shall be considered as a single room or space for the purpose of determining the volume of such rooms or spaces.
Exception: The minimum volume requirement shall not apply where the amount of return air taken from a room or space is less than or equal to the amount of supply air delivered to such room or space.
5. A closet, bathroom, toilet room, kitchen, garage, boiler room, furnace room or unconditioned attic.
Exceptions:
5.1 Where return air intakes are located not less than 10 feet (3048 mm) from cooking appliances, and serve the kitchen area only, taking return air from a kitchen shall not be prohibited.
5.2 Dedicated forced-air systems serving only a garage shall not be prohibited from obtaining return air from the garage.
6. An unconditioned crawl space by means of direct connection to the return side of a forced air system. Transfer openings in the crawl space enclosure shall not be prohibited.
7. A room or space containing a fuel-burning appliance where such room or space serves as the sole source of return air.
Exceptions:
7.1. This shall not apply where the fuel-burning appliance is a direct-vent appliance.
7.2. This shall not apply where the room or space complies with the following requirements:
7.2.1. The return air shall be taken from a room or space having a volume exceeding 1 cubic foot for each 10 Btu/h (9.6 L/W) of combined input rating of all fuel-burning appliances therein.
7.2.2. The volume of supply air discharged back into the same space shall be approximately equal to the volume of return air taken from the space.
7.2.3. Return-air inlets shall not be located within 10 feet (3048 mm) of any appliance firebox or draft hood in the same room or space.
7.3. This shall not apply to rooms or spaces containing solid-fuel-burning appliances, provided that return-air inlets are located not less than 10 feet (3048 mm) from the firebox of the appliances.
Outdoor air intake openings shall be protected in accordance with Section 401.5.
Return air from one dwelling unit shall not be discharged into another dwelling unit.
The installation of conversion burners shall conform to ANSI Z21.8.
Unit heaters shall be installed in accordance with the listing and the manufacturer’s installation instructions. Oil-fired unit heaters shall be tested in accordance with UL 731.
Suspended-type unit heaters shall be supported by elements that are designed and constructed to accommodate the weight and dynamic loads. Hangers and brackets shall be of noncombustible material. Suspended-type oil-fired unit heaters shall be installed in accordance with NFPA 31.
A unit heater shall not be attached to a warm-air duct system unless listed for such installation.
Vented room heaters shall be listed and labeled and shall be installed in accordance with the conditions of the listing and the manufacturer’s instructions.
Kerosene and oil-fired stoves shall be listed and labeled and shall be installed in accordance with the conditions of the listing and the manufacturer’s installation instructions. Kerosene and oil-fired stoves shall comply with NFPA 31 and UL 896.
The provisions of this section shall apply to kilns that are used for ceramics, have a maximum interior volume of 20 cubic feet (0.566 m3) and are used for hobby and noncommercial purposes. Electric kilns shall comply with UL 499.
Kilns shall be installed in accordance with the manufacturer’s installation instructions and the provisions of this code.
Stationary fuel cell power systems having a power output not exceeding 10 MW shall be tested in accordance with ANSI/CSA America FC 1 and shall be installed in accordance with the manufacturer’s installation instructions, NFPA 853, the International Building Code and the International Fire Code.
Masonry heaters shall be constructed in accordance with the International Building Code.
The installation of gaseous hydrogen systems shall be in accordance with the applicable requirements of this code, the International Fire Code, the International Fuel Gas Code and the International Building Code. Deleted
Electric radiant heating systems shall be installed in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions and shall be listed for the application.
Clearances for radiant heating panels or elements to any wiring, outlet boxes and junction boxes used for installing electrical devices or mounting luminaires shall be in accordance with the International Building Code and NFPA 70.
Radiant panels installed on wood or steel framing shall conform to the following requirements:
1. Heating panels shall be installed parallel to framing members and secured to the surface of framing members or shall be mounted between framing members.
2. Mechanical fasteners shall penetrate only the unheated portions provided for this purpose. Panels shall not be fastened at any point closer than 1/4 inch (7 mm) to an element. Other methods of attachment of the panels shall be in accordance with the panel installation instructions.
3. Unless listed and labeled for field cutting, heating panels shall be installed as complete units.
Radiant heating systems installed in concrete or masonry shall conform to the following requirements:
1. Radiant heating systems shall be identified as being suitable for the installation, and shall be secured in place as specified in the manufacturer’s instructions.
2. Radiant heating panels and radiant heating panel sets shall not be installed where they bridge expansion joints unless they are protected from expansion and contraction.
Finish materials installed over radiant heating panels and systems shall be installed in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions. Surfaces shall be secured so that fasteners do not pierce the radiant heating elements.
Evaporative cooling equipment shall:
1. Be installed in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions.
2. Be installed on level platforms in accordance with Section 304.10.
3. Have openings in exterior walls or roofs flashed in accordance with the International Building Code.
4. Be provided with potable water backflow protection in accordance with Section 608 of the International Plumbing Code.
5. Have air intake opening locations in accordance with Section 401.4.