Exception: The permanent open space of 60 feet (18 288 mm) shall be permitted to be reduced to not less than 40 feet (12 192 mm), provided the following requirements are met:
Exception: The type of construction allowable building height and building area of anchor buildings greater than three stories above grade plane shall comply with Section 503, as modified by Sections 504 and 506.
Exceptions:
Parking garages, open or enclosed, which are separated from covered mall buildings, open mall buildings or anchor buildings shall comply with the provisions of Table 602.
Pedestrian walkways and tunnels which connect garages to mall buildings or anchor buildings shall be constructed in accordance with Section 3104.
Exception: An automatic sprinkler system shall not be required in spaces or areas of open parking garages separated from the covered or open mall building in accordance with Section 402.4.2.3 and constructed in accordance with Section 406.5.
Exception: A smoke control system is not required in covered mall buildings where an atrium connects only two stories.
OLF = (0.00007) (GLA) + 25 | (Equation 4-1) |
OLF | = | The occupant load factor (square feet per person). |
GLA | = | The gross leasable area (square feet). |
Exception: Tenant spaces attached to a covered or open mall building but with a means of egress system that is totally independent of the open mall of an open mall building or of a covered mall building shall not be considered as gross leasable area for determining the required means of egress for the mall building.
Exception: Access to exits are permitted by way of a dead-end mall which does not exceed a length equal to twice the width of the mall measured at the narrowest location within the dead-end portion of the mall.
Exception: The required fire-resistance rating of columns supporting floors shall not be permitted to be reduced.
TABLE 403.2.4
MINIMUM BOND STRENGTH
HEIGHT OF BUILDINGa | SFRM MINIMUM BOND STRENGTH |
Up to 420 feet | 430 psf |
Greater than 420 feet | 1,000 psf |
Exception: Two connections to the same main shall be permitted provided the main is valved such that an interruption can be isolated so that the water supply will continue without interruption through no fewer than one of the connections.
Exceptions:
Exception: An additional exit stairway shall not be required to be installed in buildings having elevators used for occupant self-evacuation in accordance with Section 3008.
Exception: The lowest story need not be compartmented where the area is not greater than 1,500 square feet (139 m2) and has an occupant load of less than 10.
Exception: Asphalt surfaces shall be permitted at ground level in carports.
Exception: Vehicle barriers are not required in vehicle storage compartments in a mechanical access parking garage.
Exceptions:
Exception: A single door shall be allowed provided the sources of ignition in the appliance are not less than 18 inches (457 mm) above the floor.
Exception: Openings are not required to be distributed over 40 percent of the building perimeter where the required openings are uniformly distributed over two opposing sides of the building.
TABLE 406.5.4
OPEN PARKING GARAGES AREA AND HEIGHT
TYPE OF CONSTRUCTION | AREA PER TIER (square feet) | HEIGHT (in tiers) | ||
Ramp access | Mechanical access | |||
Automatic sprinkler system | ||||
No | Yes | |||
IA | Unlimited | Unlimited | Unlimited | Unlimited |
IB | Unlimited | 12 tiers | 12 tiers | 18 tiers |
IIA | 50,000 | 10 tiers | 10 tiers | 15 tiers |
IIB | 50,000 | 8 tiers | 8 tiers | 12 tiers |
IV | 50,000 | 4 tiers | 4 tiers | 4 tiers |
Exception: The grade-level tier is permitted to contain an office, waiting and toilet rooms having a total combined area of not more than 1,000 square feet (93 m2). Such area need not be separated from the open parking garage.
In open parking garages having a spiral or sloping floor, the horizontal projection of the structure at any cross section shall not exceed the allowable area per parking tier. In the case of an open parking garage having a continuous spiral floor, each 9 feet 6 inches (2896 mm) of height, or portion thereof, shall be considered a tier.
The clear height of a parking tier shall be not less than 7 feet (2134 mm), except that a lower clear height is permitted in mechanical-access open parking garages where approved by the building official.
Exception: Slip-resistant, nonabsorbent, interior floor finishes having a critical radiant flux not more than 0.45 W/cm2, as determined by NFPA 253, shall be permitted.
Exceptions:
Exceptions:
Means of egress from detention and correctional occupancies that traverse other use areas shall, as a minimum, conform to requirements for detention and correctional occupancies.
Exception: Provisions for remote locking and unlocking of occupied rooms in Occupancy Condition 4 are not required provided that not more than 10 locks are necessary to be unlocked in order to move occupants from one smoke compartment to a refuge area within 3 minutes. The opening of necessary locks shall be accomplished with not more than two separate keys.
Exception: Emergency power is not required in facilities with 10 or fewer locks complying with the exception to Section 408.4.1.
The room shall have a floor area of not less than 80 square feet (7.44 m2) for a single machine and not less than 40 square feet (3.7 m2) for each additional machine. Each motion picture projector, floodlight, spotlight or similar piece of equipment shall have a clear working space of not less than 30 inches by 30 inches (762 mm by 762 mm) on each side and at the rear thereof, but only one such space shall be required between two adjacent projectors. The projection room and the rooms appurtenant thereto shall have a ceiling height of not less than 7 feet 6 inches (2286 mm). The aggregate of openings for projection equipment shall not exceed 25 percent of the area of the wall between the projection room and the auditorium. Openings shall be provided with glass or other approved material, so as to close completely the opening.
Exception: Stages need not be constructed of the same materials as required for the type of construction provided the construction complies with one of the following:
Exception: Floors of fly galleries and catwalks shall be constructed of any approved material.
Exception: A means of escape to a roof in place of a second means of egress is permitted.
For flammable decorative materials, see the International Fire Code.
TABLE 412.3.1
HEIGHT AND AREA LIMITATIONS FOR AIRPORT TRAFFIC
CONTROL TOWERS
TYPE OF CONSTRUCTION | HEIGHTa (feet) | MAXIMUM AREA (square feet) |
IA | Unlimited | 1,500 |
IB | 240 | 1,500 |
IIA | 100 | 1,500 |
IIB | 85 | 1,500 |
IIIA | 65 | 1,500 |
Exception: Smokeproof enclosures as set forth in Section 1022.10 are not required where required stairways are pressurized.
Exception: Aircraft hangars with individual lease spaces not exceeding 2,000 square feet (186 m2) each in which servicing, repairing or washing is not conducted and fuel is not dispensed shall have floors that are graded toward the door, but shall not require a separator.
Exceptions:
Exception: Where a fixed base operator has separate repair facilities on site, Group II hangars operated by a fixed base operator used for storage of transient aircraft only shall have a fire suppression system, but the system is exempt from foam requirements.
[F] TABLE 412.4.6
HANGAR FIRE SUPPRESSION REQUIREMENTSa,b,c
MAXIMUM SINGLE FIRE AREA (square feet) | TYPE OF CONSTRUCTION | ||||||||
IA | IB | IIA | IIB | IIIA | IIIB | IV | VA | VB | |
≥ 40,001 | Group I | Group I | Group I | Group I | Group I | Group I | Group I | Group I | Group I |
40,000 | Group II | Group II | Group II | Group II | Group II | Group II | Group II | Group II | Group II |
30,000 | Group III | Group II | Group II | Group II | Group II | Group II | Group II | Group II | Group II |
20,000 | Group III | Group III | Group II | Group II | Group II | Group II | Group II | Group II | Group II |
15,000 | Group III | Group III | Group III | Group II | Group III | Group II | Group III | Group II | Group II |
12,000 | Group III | Group III | Group III | Group III | Group III | Group III | Group III | Group II | Group II |
8,000 | Group III | Group III | Group III | Group III | Group III | Group III | Group III | Group III | Group II |
5,000 | Group III | Group III | Group III | Group III | Group III | Group III | Group III | Group III | Group III |
Exception: Smoke detector wiring and feed for electrical subpanels in the hangar.
[F] TABLE 414.2.2
DESIGN AND NUMBER OF CONTROL AREAS
FLOOR LEVEL | PERCENTAGE OF THE MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE QUANTITY PER CONTROL AREAa | NUMBER OF CONTROL AREAS PER FLOOR | FIRE-RESISTANCE RATING FOR FIRE BARRIERS IN HOURSb | |
Above grade plane | Higher than 9 7-9 6 5 4 3 2 1 | 5 5 12.5 12.5 12.5 50 75 100 | 1 2 2 2 2 2 3 4 | 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 |
Below grade plane | 1 2 Lower than 2 | 75 50 Not Allowed | 3 2 Not Allowed | 1 1 Not Allowed |
Exception: The floor assembly of the control area and the construction supporting the floor of the control area are allowed to be 1-hour fire-resistance rated in buildings of Types IIA, IIIA and VA construction, provided that both of the following conditions exist:
[F] TABLE 414.2.5(1)
MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE QUANTITY PER INDOOR AND OUTDOOR CONTROL AREA IN GROUP M AND S OCCUPANCIES
NONFLAMMABLE SOLIDS AND NONFLAMMABLE AND NONCOMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDSd,e,f
CONDITION | MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE QUANTITY PER CONTROL AREA | ||
Materiala | Class | Solids pounds | Liquids gallons |
A. Health-hazard materials—nonflammable and noncombustible solids and liquids | |||
1. Corrosivesb,c | Not Applicable | 9,750 | 975 |
2. Highly toxics | Not Applicable | 20b,c | 2b,c |
3. Toxicsb,c | Not Applicable | 1,000 | 100 |
B. Physical-hazard materials—nonflammable and noncombustible solids and liquids | |||
1. Oxidizersb,c | 4 | Not Allowed | Not Allowed |
3 | 1,150g | 115 | |
2 | 2,250h | 225 | |
1 | 18,000 i, j | 1,800 i, j | |
2. Unstable (reactives)b,c | 4 | Not Allowed | Not Allowed |
3 | 550 | 55 | |
2 | 1,150 | 115 | |
1 | Not Limited | Not Limited | |
3. Water reactives | 3b,c | 550 | 55 |
2b,c | 1,150 | 115 | |
1 | Not Limited | Not Limited |
- Hazard categories are as specified in the International Fire Code.
- Maximum allowable quantities shall be increased 100 percent in buildings that are sprinklered in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1. When Note c also applies, the increase for both notes shall be applied accumulatively.
- Maximum allowable quantities shall be increased 100 percent when stored in approved storage cabinets, in accordance with the International Fire Code. When Note b also applies, the increase for both notes shall be applied accumulatively.
- See Table 414.2.2 for design and number of control areas.
- Allowable quantities for other hazardous material categories shall be in accordance with Section 307.
- Maximum quantities shall be increased 100 percent in outdoor control areas.
- Maximum amounts are permitted to be increased to 2,250 pounds when individual packages are in the original sealed containers from the manufacturer or packager and do not exceed 10 pounds each.
- Maximum amounts are permitted to be increased to 4,500 pounds when individual packages are in the original sealed containers from the manufacturer or packager and do not exceed 10 pounds each.
- The permitted quantities shall not be limited in a building equipped throughout with an automatic sprinkler system in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1.
- Quantities are unlimited in an outdoor control area.
[F] TABLE 414.2.5(2)
MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE QUANTITY OF FLAMMABLE AND COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS IN WHOLESALE AND RETAIL SALES
OCCUPANCIES PER CONTROL AREAa
TYPE OF LIQUID | MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE QUANTITY PER CONTROL AREA (gallons) | ||
Sprinklered in accordance with note b densities and arrangements | Sprinklered in accordance with Tables 3404.3.6.3(4) through 3404.3.6.3(8) and Table 3404.3.7.5.1 of the International Fire Code | Nonsprinklered | |
Class IA | 60 | 60 | 30 |
Class IB, IC, II and IIIA | 7,500c | 15,000c | 1,600 |
Class IIIB | Unlimited | Unlimited | 13,200 |
- Control areas shall be separated from each other by not less than a 1-hour fire barrier wall.
- To be considered as sprinklered, a building shall be equipped throughout with an approved automatic sprinkler system with a design providing minimum densities as follows:
- For uncartoned commodities on shelves 6 feet or less in height where the ceiling height does not exceed 18 feet, quantities are those permitted with a minimum sprinkler design density of Ordinary Hazard Group 2.
- For cartoned, palletized or racked commodities where storage is 4 feet 6 inches or less in height and where the ceiling height does not exceed 18 feet, quantities are those permitted with a minimum sprinkler design density of 0.21 gallon per minute per square foot over the most remote 1,500-square-foot area.
- Where wholesale and retail sales or storage areas exceed 50,000 square feet in area, the maximum allowable quantities are allowed to be increased by 2 percent for each 1,000 square feet of area in excess of 50,000 square feet, up to a maximum of 100 percent of the table amounts. A control area separation is not required. The cumulative amounts, including amounts attained by having an additional control area, shall not exceed 30,000 gallons.
Ducts conveying explosives or flammable vapors, fumes or dusts shall extend directly to the exterior of the building without entering other spaces. Exhaust ducts shall not extend into or through ducts and plenums.
Emissions generated at workstations shall be confined to the area in which they are generated as specified in the International Fire Code and the International Mechanical Code.
The location of supply and exhaust openings shall be in accordance with the International Mechanical Code. Exhaust air contaminated by highly toxic material shall be treated in accordance with the International Fire Code.
A manual shutoff control for ventilation equipment required by this section shall be provided outside the room adjacent to the principal access door to the room. The switch shall be of the break-glass type and shall be labeled: VENTILATION SYSTEM EMERGENCY SHUTOFF.
[F] TABLE 414.5.1
EXPLOSION CONTROL REQUIREMENTSa
MATERIAL | CLASS | EXPLOSION CONTROL METHODS | |
Barricade construction | Explosion (deflagration) venting or explosion (deflagration) prevention systemsb | ||
HAZARD CATEGORY | |||
Combustible dustsc | — | Not Required | Required |
Cryogenic flammables | — | Not Required | Required |
Explosives | Division 1.1 Division 1.2 Division 1.3 Division 1.4 Division 1.5 Division 1.6 | Required Required Not Required Not Required Required Required | Not Required Not Required Required Required Not Required Not Required |
Flammable gas | Gaseous Liquefied | Not Required Not Required | Required Required |
Flammable liquid | IAd IBe | Not Required Not Required | Required Required |
Organic peroxides | U I | Required Required | Not Permitted Not Permitted |
Oxidizer liquids and solids | 4 | Required | Not Permitted |
Pyrophoric gas | — | Not Required | Required |
Unstable (reactive) | 4 3 Detonable 3 Nondetonable | Required Required Not Required | Not Permitted Not Permitted Required |
Water-reactive liquids and solids | 3 2g | Not Required Not Required | Required Required |
SPECIAL USES | |||
Acetylene generator rooms | — | Not Required | Required |
Grain processing | — | Not Required | Required |
Liquefied petroleum gas-distribution facilities | — | Not Required | Required |
Where explosion hazards existf | Detonation Deflagration | Required Not Required | Not Permitted Required |
- Emergency or standby power are not required for the following storage areas:
- Mechanical ventilation for storage of Class IB and Class IC flammable and combustible liquids in closed containers not exceeding 6.5 gallons (25 L) capacity.
- Storage areas for Class 1 and 2 oxidizers.
- Storage areas for Class II, III, IV and V organic peroxides.
- Storage, use and handling areas for asphyxiant, irritant and radioactive gases.
- For storage, use and handling areas for highly toxic or toxic materials, see Sections 6004.2.2.8 and 6004.3.4.2 of the International Fire Code.
- Standby power for mechanical ventilation, treatment systems and temperature control systems shall not be required where an approved fail-safe engineered system is installed.
Exception: The maximum area is permitted to be increased as provided by Section 506.
- Liquid use, dispensing and mixing rooms having a floor area of not more than 500 square feet (46.5 m2) need not be located on the outer perimeter of the building where they are in accordance with the International Fire Code and NFPA 30.
- Liquid storage rooms having a floor area of not more than 1,000 square feet (93 m2) need not be located on the outer perimeter where they are in accordance with the International Fire Code and NFPA 30.
- Spray paint booths that comply with the International Fire Code need not be located on the outer perimeter.
Exception: Fireworks manufacturing buildings separated in accordance with NFPA 1124.
[F] TABLE 415.5.2
DETACHED BUILDING REQUIRED
A DETACHED BUILDING IS REQUIRED WHEN THE QUANTITY OF MATERIAL EXCEEDS THAT LISTED HEREIN | |||
Material | Class | Solids and Liquids (tons)a, b | Gases (cubic feet)a, b |
Explosives | Division 1.1 Division 1.2 Division 1.3 Division 1.4 Division 1.4c Division 1.5 Division 1.6 | Maximum Allowable Quantity Maximum Allowable Quantity Maximum Allowable Quantity Maximum Allowable Quantity 1 Maximum Allowable Quantity Maximum Allowable Quantity | Not Applicable |
Oxidizers | Class 4 | Maximum Allowable Quantity | Maximum Allowable Quantity |
Unstable (reactives) detonable | Class 3 or 4 | Maximum Allowable Quantity | Maximum Allowable Quantity |
Oxidizer, liquids and solids | Class 3 Class 2 | 1,200 2,000 | Not Applicable Not Applicable |
Organic peroxides | Detonable Class I Class II Class III | Maximum Allowable Quantity Maximum Allowable Quantity 25 50 | Not Applicable Not Applicable Not Applicable Not Applicable |
Unstable (reactives) nondetonable | Class 3 Class 2 | 1 25 | 2,000 10,000 |
Water reactives | Class 3 Class 2 | 1 25 | Not Applicable Not Applicable |
Pyrophoric gases | Not Applicable | Not Applicable | 2,000 |
- For materials that are detonable, the distance to other buildings or lot lines shall be in accordance with Chapter 56 of the International Fire Code based on trinitrotoluene (TNT) equivalence of the material. For materials classified as explosives, see Chapter 56 of the International Fire Code.
- “Maximum Allowable Quantity” means the maximum allowable quantity per control area set forth in Table 307.1(1).
- Limited to Division 1.4 materials and articles, including articles packaged for shipment, that are not regulated as an explosive under Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives (BATF) regulations or unpackaged articles used in process operations that do not propagate a detonation or deflagration between articles, provided the net explosive weight of individual articles does not exceed 1 pound.
Exception: Fire protection piping shall be permitted over or through areas containing water reactives without isolating it with liquid-tight construction.
Exception: Rooms where only double-wall storage tanks conforming to Section 415.8.2.3 are used to store Class I, II and IIIA flammable and combustible liquids shall not be required to have a leakage containment area.
Exception: The quantity limitations for any hazard category in Table 415.10.1.1.1 shall not apply where the fabrication area contains quantities of hazardous materials not exceeding the maximum allowable quantities per control area established by Tables 307.1(1) and 307.1(2).
[F] TABLE 415.10.1.1.1
QUANTITY LIMITS FOR HAZARDOUS MATERIALS IN A SINGLE FABRICATION AREA IN GROUP H-5a
HAZARD CATEGORY | SOLIDS (pounds per square foot) | LIQUIDS (gallons per square foot) | GAS (cubic feet @ NTP/square foot) | |
PHYSICAL-HAZARD MATERIALS | ||||
Combustible dust | Note b | Not Applicable | Not Applicable | |
Combustible fiber | Loose Baled | Note b Notes b, c | Not Applicable | Not Applicable |
Combustible liquid Combination Class | II IIIA IIIB I, II and IIIA | Not Applicable | 0.01 0.02 Not Limited 0.04 | Not Applicable |
Cryogenic gas | Flammable Oxidizing | Not Applicable | Not Applicable | Note d 1.25 |
Explosives | Note b | Note b | Note b | |
Flammable gas | Gaseous Liquefied | Not Applicable | Not Applicable | Note d Note d |
Flammable liquid Combination Class Combination Class | IA IB IC IA, IB and IC I, II and IIIA | Not Applicable | 0.0025 0.025 0.025 0.025 0.04 | Not Applicable |
Flammable solid | 0.001 | Not Applicable | Not Applicable | |
Organic peroxide | Unclassified detonable Class I Class II Class III Class IV Class V | Note b Note b 0.025 0.1 Not Limited Not Limited | Not Applicable | Not Applicable |
Oxidizing gas | Gaseous Liquefied | Not Applicable | Not Applicable | 1.25 1.25 1.25 |
Combination of gaseous and liquefied | ||||
Oxidizer Combination Class | Class 4 Class 3 Class 2 Class 1 1, 2, 3 | Note b 0.003 0.003 0.003 0.003 | Note b 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 | Not Applicable |
Pyrophoric materials | 0.01 | 0.00125 | Notes d and e | |
Unstable (reactive) | Class 4 Class 3 Class 2 Class 1 | Note b 0.025 0.1 Not Limited | Note b 0.0025 0.01 Not Limited | Note b Note b Note b Not Limited |
Water reactive | Class 3 Class 2 Class 1 | Note b 0.25 Not Limited | 0.00125 0.025 Not Limited | Not Applicable |
HEALTH-HAZARD MATERIALS | ||||
Corrosives | Not Limited | Not Limited | Not Limited | |
Highly toxic | Not Limited | Not Limited | Note d | |
Toxics | Not Limited | Not Limited | Note d |
Exceptions:
Openings through floors of fabrication areas are permitted to be unprotected where the interconnected levels are used solely for mechanical equipment directly related to such fabrication areas (see also Section 415.10.1.5).
Floors forming a part of an occupancy separation shall be liquid tight.
A ventilation system shall be provided to capture and exhaust gases, fumes and vapors at workstations.
Two or more operations at a workstation shall not be connected to the same exhaust system where either one or the combination of the substances removed could constitute a fire, explosion or hazardous chemical reaction within the exhaust duct system.
Exhaust ducts penetrating fire barriers constructed in accordance with Section 707 or horizontal assemblies constructed in accordance with Section 711 shall be contained in a shaft of equivalent fire-resistance-rated construction. Exhaust ducts shall not penetrate fire walls.
Fire dampers shall not be installed in exhaust ducts.
Exception: Where existing fabrication areas are altered or modified, HPM is allowed to be transported in existing corridors, subject to the following conditions:
Exhaust ventilation for gas rooms shall be designed to operate at a negative pressure in relation to the surrounding areas and direct the exhaust ventilation to an exhaust system.
Emergency alarm-initiating devices shall be installed outside of each interior exit door of such rooms.
Activation of an emergency alarm-initiating device shall sound a local alarm and transmit a signal to the emergency control station.
An approved emergency telephone system, local alarm manual pull stations or other approved alarm-initiating devices are allowed to be used as emergency alarm-initiating devices.
Exception: Transverse crossings of the corridors by supply piping that is enclosed within a ferrous pipe or tube for the width of the corridor need not comply with Items 1 through 5.
Exception: A continuous gas detection system is not required for occasional transverse crossings of the corridors by supply piping that is enclosed in a ferrous pipe or tube for the width of the corridor.
- Immediately dangerous to life and health (IDLH) values where the monitoring point is within an exhausted enclosure, ventilated enclosure or gas cabinet.
- Permissible exposure limit (PEL) levels where the monitoring point is in an area outside an exhausted enclosure, ventilated enclosure or gas cabinet.
- For flammable gases, the monitoring detection threshold level shall be vapor concentrations in excess of 25 percent of the lower flammable limit (LFL) where the monitoring is within or outside an exhausted enclosure, ventilated enclosure or gas cabinet.
- Except as noted in this section, monitoring for highly toxic and toxic gases shall also comply with Chapter 60 of the International Fire Code.
Exception: Where the gas detection sampling point initiating the gas detection system alarm is at the use location or within a gas valve enclosure of a branch line downstream of a piping distribution manifold, the shutoff valve for the branch line located in the piping distribution manifold enclosure shall automatically close.
- Automatic sprinkler system alarm and monitoring systems.
- Manual fire alarm systems.
- Emergency alarm systems.
- Continuous gas detection systems.
- Smoke detection systems.
- Emergency power system.
- Automatic detection and alarm systems for pyrophoric liquids and Class 3 water-reactive liquids required in Section 2705.2.3.4 of the International Fire Code.
- Exhaust ventilation flow alarm devices for pyrophoric liquids and Class 3 water-reactive liquids cabinet exhaust ventilation systems required in Section 2705.2.3.4 of the International Fire Code.
- HPM exhaust ventilation systems.
- HPM gas cabinet ventilation systems.
- HPM exhausted enclosure ventilation systems.
- HPM gas room ventilation systems.
- HPM gas detection systems.
- Emergency alarm systems.
- Manual fire alarm systems.
- Automatic sprinkler system monitoring and alarm systems.
- Automatic alarm and detection systems for pyrophoric liquids and Class 3 water-reactive liquids required in Section 2705.2.3.4 of the International Fire Code.
- Flow alarm switches for pyrophoric liquids and Class 3 water-reactive liquids cabinet exhaust ventilation systems required in Section 2705.2.3.4 of the International Fire Code.
- Electrically operated systems required elsewhere in this code or in the International Fire Code applicable to the use, storage or handling of HPM.
Exception: Duct need not be provided with automatic sprinkler protection as follows: