Construction documents shall be drawn to scale on suitable material. Electronic media documents are permitted to be submitted when approved by the building official. Construction documents shall be of sufficient clarity to indicate the location, nature and extent of the work proposed, and show in sufficient detail pertinent data and features of the building, systems and equipment as herein governed. Details shall include the following as applicable:
- Insulation materials and their R-values.
- Fenestration U-factors and solar heat gain coefficients (SHGC).
- Area-weighted U-factor and solar heat gain coefficient (SHGC) calculations.
- Mechanical system design criteria.
- Mechanical and service water heating systems and equipment types, sizes and efficiencies.
- Equipment and system controls.
- Duct sealing, duct and pipe insulation and location.
- Air sealing details.
The following terms are defined in Chapter 2:
ABOVE-GRADE WALL. A wall more than 50 percent above grade and enclosing conditioned space. This includes between-floor spandrels, peripheral edges of floors, roof and basement knee walls, dormer walls, gable end walls, walls enclosing a mansard roof and skylight shafts.
ACCESSIBLE. Admitting close approach as a result of not being guarded by locked doors, elevation or other effective means (see "Readily accessible").
ADDITION. An extension or increase in the conditioned space floor area, number of stories or height of a building or structure.
AIR BARRIER. One or more materials joined together in a continuous manner to restrict or prevent the passage of air through the building thermal envelope and its assemblies.
ALTERATION. Any construction, retrofit or renovation to an existing structure other than repair or addition. Also, a change in a building, electrical, gas, mechanical or plumbing system that involves an extension, addition or change to the arrangement, type or purpose of the original installation.
AUTOMATIC. Self-acting, operating by its own mechanism when actuated by some impersonal influence, as, for example, a change in current strength, pressure, temperature or mechanical configuration (see "Manual").
BASEMENT WALL. A wall 50 percent or more below grade and enclosing conditioned space.
BUILDING. Any structure used or intended for supporting or sheltering any use or occupancy, including any mechanical systems, service water heating systems and electric power and lighting systems located on the building site and supporting the building.
BUILDING SITE. A continguous area of land that is under the ownership or control of one entity.
BUILDING THERMAL ENVELOPE. The basement walls, exterior walls, floors, ceilings, roofs and any other building element assemblies that enclose conditioned space or provide a boundary between conditioned space and exempt or unconditioned space.
CIRCULATING HOT WATER SYSTEM. A specifically designed water distribution system where one or more pumps are operated in the service hot water piping to circulate heated water from the water-heating equipment to fixtures and back to the water-heating equipment.
CLIMATE ZONE. A geographical region based on climatic criteria as specified in this code.
CONDITIONED FLOOR AREA. The horizontal projection of the floors associated with the conditioned space.
CONDITIONED SPACE. An area, room or space that is enclosed within the building thermal envelope and that is directly heated or cooled or indirectly heated or cooled. Spaces are indirectly heated or cooled where they communicate through openings with conditioned spaces, where they are separated from conditioned spaces by uninsulated walls, floors or ceilings, or where they contain uninsulated ducts, piping or other sources of heating or cooling.
CONTINUOUS AIR BARRIER. A combination of materials and assemblies that restrict or prevent the passage of air through the building thermal envelope.
CONTINUOUS INSULATION (ci). Insulating material that is continuous across all structural members without thermal bridges other than fasteners and service openings. It is installed on the interior or exterior, or is integral to any opaque surface, of the building envelope.
CRAWL SPACE WALL. The opaque portion of a wall that encloses a crawl space and is partially or totally below grade.
CURTAIN WALL. Fenestration products used to create an external nonload-bearing wall that is designed to separate the exterior and interior environments.
DEMAND RECIRCULATION WATER SYSTEM. A water distribution system having one or more recirculation pumps that pump water from a heated water supply pipe back to the heated water source through a cold-water supply pipe.
DUCT. A tube or conduit utilized for conveying air. The air passages of self-contained systems are not to be construed as air ducts.
DUCT SYSTEM. A continuous passageway for the transmission of air that, in addition to ducts, includes duct fittings, dampers, plenums, fans and accessory air-handling equipment and appliances.
DWELLING UNIT. A single unit providing complete independent living facilities for one or more persons, including permanent provisions for living, sleeping, eating, cooking and sanitation.
ENERGY ANALYSIS. A method for estimating the annual energy use of the proposed design and standard reference design based on estimates of energy use.
ENERGY COST. The total estimated annual cost for purchased energy for the building functions regulated by this code, including applicable demand charges.
ENERGY SIMULATION TOOL. An approved software program or calculation-based methodology that projects the annual energy use of a building.
ERI REFERENCE DESIGN. A version of the rated design that meets the minimum requirements of the 2006 International Energy Conservation Code.
EXTERIOR WALL. Walls including both above-grade walls and basement walls.
FENESTRATION. Products classified as either vertical fenestration or skylights.
Site-built fenestration product.
Skylights. Glass or other transparent or translucent glazing material installed at a slope of less than 60 degrees (1.05 rad) from horizontal.
Vertical fenestration. Windows that are fixed or operable, opaque doors, glazed doors, glazed block and combination opaque/glazed doors composed of glass or other transparent or translucent glazing materials and installed at a slope of not less than 60 degrees (1.05 rad) from horizontal.
HEATED SLAB. Slab-on-grade construction in which the heating elements, hydronic tubing, or hot air distribution system is in contact with, or placed within or under, the slab.
HIGH-EFFICACY LAMPS. Compact fluorescent lamps, light-emitting diode (LED) lamps, T-8 or smaller diameter linear fluorescent lamps, or other lamps with an efficacy of not less than the following:
- 60 lumens per watt for lamps over 40 watts.
- 50 lumens per watt for lamps over 15 watts to 40 watts.
- 40 lumens per watt for lamps 15 watts or less.
HISTORIC BUILDING. Any building or structure that is one or more of the following:
- Listed, or certified as eligible for listing by the State Historic Preservation Officer or the Keeper of the National Register of Historic Places, in the National Register of Historic Places.
- Designated as historic under an applicable state or local law.
- Certified as a contributing resource within a National Register-listed, state-designated or locally designated historic district.
INFILTRATION. The uncontrolled inward air leakage into a building caused by the pressure effects of wind or the effect of differences in the indoor and outdoor air density or both.
INSULATED SIDING. A type of continuous insulation with manufacturer-installed insulating material as an integral part of the cladding product having an R-value of not less than R-2.
INSULATING SHEATHING. An insulating board with a core material having an R-value of not less than R-2.
LABELED. Equipment, materials or products to which have been affixed a label, seal, symbol or other identifying mark of a nationally recognized testing laboratory, approved agency or other organization concerned with product evaluation that maintains periodic inspection of the production of such labeled items and whose labeling indicates either that the equipment, material or product meets identified standards or has been tested and found suitable for a specified purpose.
LISTED. Equipment, materials, products or services included in a list published by an organization acceptable to the code official and concerned with evaluation of products or services that maintains periodic inspection of production of listed equipment or materials or periodic evaluation of services and where the listing states either that the equipment, material, product or service meets identified standards or has been tested and found suitable for a specified purpose.
LOW-VOLTAGE LIGHTING. Lighting equipment powered through a transformer such as a cable conductor, a rail conductor and track lighting.
MANUAL. Capable of being operated by personal intervention (see "Automatic").
OPAQUE DOOR. A door that is not less than 50-percent opaque in surface area.
PROPOSED DESIGN. A description of the proposed building used to estimate annual energy use for determining compliance based on total building performance.
RATED DESIGN. A description of the proposed building used to determine the energy rating index.
READILY ACCESSIBLE. Capable of being reached quickly for operation, renewal or inspection without requiring those to whom ready access is requisite to climb over or remove obstacles or to resort to portable ladders or access equipment (see "Accessible").
REPAIR. The reconstruction or renewal of any part of an existing building for the purpose of its maintenance or to correct damage.
REROOFING. The process of recovering or replacing an existing roof covering. See "Roof recover" and "Roof replacement."
RESIDENTIAL BUILDING. For this chapter, includes detached one- and two-family dwellings and townhouses as well as Group R-2, R-3 and R-4 buildings three stories or less in height above grade plane.
ROOF ASSEMBLY. A system designed to provide weather protection and resistance to design loads. The system consists of a roof covering and roof deck or a single component serving as both the roof covering and the roof deck. A roof assembly includes the roof covering, underlayment, and roof deck, and can also include a thermal barrier, ignition barrier, insulation or a vapor retarder.
ROOF RECOVER. The process of installing an additional roof covering over a prepared existing roof covering without removing the existing roof covering.
ROOF REPAIR. Reconstruction or renewal of any part of an existing roof for the purposes of its maintenance.
ROOF REPLACEMENT. The process of removing the existing roof covering, repairing any damaged substrate and installing a new roof covering.
R-VALUE (THERMAL RESISTANCE). The inverse of the time rate of heat flow through a body from one of its bounding surfaces to the other surface for a unit temperature difference between the two surfaces, under steady state conditions, per unit area (h • ft2 • °F/Btu) [(m2 • K)/W].
SERVICE WATER HEATING. Supply of hot water for purposes other than comfort heating.
SOLAR HEAT GAIN COEFFICIENT (SHGC). The ratio of the solar heat gain entering the space through the fenestration assembly to the incident solar radiation. Solar heat gain includes directly transmitted solar heat and absorbed solar radiation that is then reradiated, conducted or convected into the space.
STANDARD REFERENCE DESIGN. A version of the proposed design that meets the minimum requirements of this code and is used to determine the maximum annual energy use requirement for compliance based on total building performance.
SUNROOM. A one-story structure attached to a dwelling with a glazing area in excess of 40 percent of the gross area of the structure's exterior walls and roof.
THERMAL ISOLATION. Physical and space conditioning separation from conditioned spaces. The conditioned spaces shall be controlled as separate zones for heating and cooling or conditioned by separate equipment.
THERMOSTAT. An automatic control device used to maintain temperature at a fixed or adjustable set point.
U-FACTOR (THERMAL TRANSMITTANCE). The coefficient of heat transmission (air to air) through a building component or assembly, equal to the time rate of heat flow per unit area and unit temperature difference between the warm side and cold side air films (Btu/h • ft2 • °F) [W/(m2 • K)].
VENTILATION. The natural or mechanical process of supplying conditioned or unconditioned air to, or removing such air from, any space.
VENTILATION AIR. That portion of supply air that comes from outside (outdoors) plus any recirculated air that has been treated to maintain the desired quality of air within a designated space.
VISIBLE TRANSMITTANCE [VT]. The ratio of visible light entering the space through the fenestration product assembly to the incident visible light, Visible Transmittance, includes the effects of glazing material and frame and is expressed as a number between 0 and 1.
WHOLE HOUSE MECHANICAL VENTILATION SYSTEM. An exhaust system, supply system, or combination thereof that is designed to mechanically exchange indoor air with outdoor air when operating continuously or through a programmed intermittent schedule to satisfy the whole house ventilation rates.
ZONE. A space or group of spaces within a building with heating or cooling requirements that are sufficiently similar so that desired conditions can be maintained throughout using a single controlling device.
CLIMATE ZONES
| OHIO | ||
|---|---|---|
| 4A Adams | 4A Hamilton | 5A Noble |
| 5A Allen | 5A Hancock | 5A Ottawa |
| 5A Ashland | 5A Hardin | 5A Paulding |
| 5A Ashtabula | 5A Harrison | 5A Perry |
| 5A Athens | 5A Henry | 5A Pickaway |
| 5A Auglaize | 5A Highland | 4A Pike |
| 5A Belmont | 5A Hocking | 5A Portage |
| 4A Brown | 5A Holmes | 5A Preble |
| 5A Butler | 5A Huron | 5A Putnam |
| 5A Carroll | 5A Jackson | 5A Richland |
| 5A Champaign | 5A Jefferson | 5A Ross |
| 5A Clark | 5A Knox | 5A Sandusky |
| 4A Clermont | 5A Lake | 4A Scioto |
| 5A Clinton | 4A Lawrence | 5A Seneca |
| 5A Columbiana | 5A Licking | 5A Shelby |
| 5A Coshocton | 5A Logan | 5A Stark |
| 5A Crawford | 5A Lorain | 5A Summit |
| 5A Cuyahoga | 5A Lucas | 5A Trumbull |
| 5A Darke | 5A Madison | 5A Tuscarawas |
| 5A Defiance | 5A Mahoning | 5A Union |
| 5A Delaware | 5A Marion | 5A Van Wert |
| 5A Erie | 5A Medina | 5A Vinton |
| 5A Fairfield | 5A Meigs | 5A Warren |
| 5A Fayette | 5A Mercer | 4A Washington |
| 5A Franklin | 5A Miami | 5A Wayne |
| 5A Fulton | 5A Monroe | 5A Williams |
| 4A Gallia | 5A Montgomery | 5A Wood |
| 5A Geauga | 5A Morgan | 5A Wyandot |
| 5A Greene | 5A Morrow | |
| 5A Guernsey | 5A Muskingum | |
An R-value identification mark shall be applied by the manufacturer to each piece of building thermal envelope insulation that is 12 inches (305 mm) or greater in width. Alternatively, the insulation installers shall provide a certification that indicates the type, manufacturer and R-value of insulation installed in each element of the building thermal envelope. For blown-in or sprayed fiberglass and cellulose insulation, the initial installed thickness, settled thickness, settled R-value, installed density, coverage area and number of bags installed shall be indicated on the certification. For sprayed polyurethane foam (SPF) insulation, the installed thickness of the areas covered and the R-value of the installed thickness shall be indicated on the certification. For insulated siding, the R-value shall be on a label on the product's package and shall be indicated on the certification. The insulation installer shall sign, date and post the certification in a conspicuous location on the job site.
Exception: For roof insulation installed above the deck, the R-value shall be labeled as required by the material standards specified in Table R906.2.
U-factors of fenestration products such as windows, doors and skylights shall be determined in accordance with NFRC 100.
Exception: Where required, garage door U-factors shall be determined in accordance with either NFRC 100 or ANSI/DASMA 105.
U-factors shall be determined by an accredited, independent laboratory, and labeled and certified by the manufacturer.
Products lacking such a labeled U-factor shall be assigned a default U-factor from Table N1101.10.3(1) or N1101.10.3(2). The solar heat gain coefficient (SHGC) and visible transmittance (VT) of glazed fenestration products such as windows, glazed doors and skylights shall be determined in accordance with NFRC 200 by an accredited, independent laboratory, and labeled and certified by the manufacturer. Products lacking such a labeled SHGC or VT shall be assigned a default SHGC or VT from Table N1101.10.3(3).
TABLE N1101.10.3(1)
DEFAULT GLAZED WINDOW, GLASS DOOR AND SKYLIGHT U-FACTORS
| FRAME TYPE | WINDOW AND GLASS DOOR | SKYLIGHT | ||
| Single pane | Double pane | Single | Double | |
| Metal | 1.20 | 0.80 | 2.00 | 1.30 |
| Metal with Thermal Break | 1.10 | 0.65 | 1.90 | 1.10 |
| Nonmetal or Metal Clad | 0.95 | 0.55 | 1.75 | 1.05 |
| Glazed Block | 0.60 | |||
TABLE N1101.10.3(2)
DEFAULT OPAQUE DOOR U-FACTORS
| DOOR TYPE | OPAQUE U-FACTOR |
| Uninsulated Metal | 1.20 |
| Insulated Metal | 0.60 |
| Wood | 0.50 |
| Insulated, nonmetal edge, not exceeding 45% glazing, any glazing double pane | 0.35 |
TABLE N1101.10.3(3)
DEFAULT GLAZED FENESTRATION SHGC AND VT
| SINGLE GLAZED | DOUBLE GLAZED | GLAZED BLOCK | |||
| Clear | Tinted | Clear | Tinted | ||
| SHGC | 0.8 | 0.7 | 0.7 | 0.6 | 0.6 |
| VT | 0.6 | 0.3 | 0.6 | 0.3 | 0.6 |
A permanent certificate shall be completed by the owner or the owner's representative and posted on a wall in the space where the furnace is located, a utility room or an approved location inside the building. Where located on an electrical panel, the certificate shall not cover or obstruct the visibility of the circuit directory label, service disconnect label or other required labels. The certificate shall indicate the predominant R-values of insulation installed in or on ceilings, roofs, walls, foundation components such as slabs, basement walls, crawl space walls and floors, and ducts outside conditioned spaces; U-factors of fenestration and the solar heat gain coefficient (SHGC) of fenestration, and the results from any required duct system and building envelope air leakage testing performed on the building. Where there is more than one value for each component, the certificate shall indicate the value covering the largest area. The certificate shall indicate the types and efficiencies of heating, cooling and service water heating equipment. Where a gas-fired unvented room heater, electric furnace, or baseboard electric heater is installed in the residence, the certificate shall indicate "gas-fired unvented room heater," "electric furnace" or "baseboard electric heater," as appropriate. An efficiency shall not be indicated for gas-fired unvented room heaters, electric furnaces and electric baseboard heaters.
The building thermal envelope shall comply with the requirements of Sections N1102.1.1 through N1102.1.5.
Exceptions:
The following low-energy buildings, or portions thereof, separated from the remainder of the building by building thermal envelope assemblies complying with this section shall be exempt from the building thermal envelope provisions of Section N1102.
- 1.1. Those with a peak design rate of energy usage less than 3.4 Btu/h • ft2 (10.7 W/m2) or 1.0 watt/ft2 of floor area for space-conditioning purposes.
- 1.2. Those that do not contain conditioned space.
- Log homes designed in accordance with ICC 400.
- Existing buildings comply with Section 1107.
The building thermal envelope shall meet the requirements of Table N1102.1.2 based on the climate zone specified in Section N1101.7.
TABLE N1102.1.2
INSULATION AND FENESTRATION REQUIREMENTS BY COMPONENTa
| CLIMATE ZONE | FENESTRATION U-FACTORb | SKYLIGHTb U-FACTOR | GLAZED FENESTRATION SHGCb, e | CEILING R-VALUE | WOOD FRAME WALL R-VALUE | MASS WALL R-VALUEi | FLOOR R-VALUE | BASEMENTc WALL R-VALUE | SLABd R-VALUE & DEPTH | CRAWL SPACEc WALL R-VALUE |
| 4 except Marine | 0.32 | 0.55 | 0.40 | 49 | 20 or 13 + 5h | 8/13 | 19 | 10/13 | 10, 2 ft | 10/13 |
| 5 and Marine 4 | 0.30 | 0.55 | NR | 49 | 20 or 13 + 5h | 13/17 | 30g | 10/13 | 10, 2 ft | 10/13 |
For SI: 1 foot = 304.8 mm.
NR = Not Required.
- R-values are minimums. U-factors and SHGC are maximums. Where insulation is installed in a cavity that is less than the label or design thickness of the insulation, the installed R-value of the insulation shall be not less than the R-value specified in the table.
The fenestration U-factor column excludes skylights. The SHGC column applies to all glazed fenestration.
- "10/13" means R-10 continuous insulation on the interior or exterior of the home or R-13 cavity insulation on the interior of the basement wall.
- R-5 insulation shall be provided under the full slab area of a heated slab in addition to the required slab edge insulation R-value for slabs. as indicated in the table. The slab edge insulation for heated slabs shall not be required to extend below the slab.
- There are no SHGC requirements in the Marine Zone.
- Basement wall insulation shall not be required in warm-humid locations as defined by Figure N1101.7 and Table N1101.7.
- Alternatively, insulation sufficient to fill the framing cavity providing not less than an R-value of R-19.
- The first value is cavity insulation, the second value is continuous insulation. Therefore, as an example, "13+5" means R-13 cavity insulation plus R-5 continuous insulation.
- Mass walls shall be in accordance with Section N1102.2.5. The second R-value applies where more than half of the insulation is on the interior of the mass wall.
An assembly with a U-factor equal to or less than that specified in Table N1102.1.4 shall be permitted as an alternative to the R-value in Table N1102.1.2.
TABLE N1102.1.4
EQUIVALENT U-FACTORSa
| CLIMATE ZONE | FENESTRATION U-FACTOR | SKYLIGHT U-FACTOR | CEILING U-FACTOR | FRAME WALL U-FACTOR | MASS WALL U-FACTORb | FLOOR U-FACTOR | BASEMENT WALL U-FACTOR | CRAWL SPACE WALL U-FACTOR |
| 4 except Marine | 0.32 | 0.55 | 0.026 | 0.060 | 0.098 | 0.047 | 0.059 | 0.065 |
| 5 and Marine 4 | 0.30 | 0.55 | 0.026 | 0.060 | 0.082 | 0.033 | 0.059 | 0.065 |
- Nonfenestration U-factors shall be obtained from measurement, calculation or an approved source.
- Mass walls shall be in accordance with Section N1102.2.5. Where more than half the insulation is on the interior, the mass wall U-factors shall not exceed 0.087 in Climate Zone 4, and 0.065 in Climate Zone 5.
- In warm-humid locations as defined by Figure N1101.7 and Table N1101.7, the basement wall U-factor shall not exceed 0.360.
Access doors from conditioned spaces to unconditioned spaces such as attics and crawl spaces shall be weatherstripped and insulated to a level equivalent to the insulation on the surrounding surfaces. Access that prevents damaging or compressing the insulation shall be provided to all equipment. Where loose-fill insulation is installed, a wood-framed or equivalent baffle or retainer shall be installed to prevent the loose-fill insulation from spilling into the living space when the attic access is opened. The baffle or retainer shall provide a permanent means of maintaining the installed R-value of the loose-fill insulation.
Exception: Vertical doors providing access from conditioned spaces to unconditioned spaces that comply with the fenestration requirements of Table N1102.1.2 based on the applicable climate zone specified in Section N1101.7.
Mass walls where used as a component of the building thermal envelope shall be one of the following:
- Above-ground walls of concrete block, concrete, insulated concrete form, masonry cavity, brick but not brick veneer, adobe, compressed earth block, rammed earth, solid timber or solid logs.
- Any wall having a heat capacity greater than or equal to 6 Btu/ft2 • °F (123 kJ/m2 • K).
Steel-frame ceilings, walls, and floors shall comply with the insulation requirements of Table N1102.2.6 or the U-factor requirements of Table N1102.1.4. The calculation of the U-factor for a steel-frame envelope assembly shall use a series-parallel path calculation method.
TABLE N1102.2.6 (R402.2.6)
STEEL-FRAME CEILING, WALL AND FLOOR INSULATION R-VALUES
| WOOD FRAME R-VALUE REQUIREMENT | COLD-FORMED STEEL-FRAME EQUIVALENT R-VALUEa |
| Steel Truss Ceilingsb | |
| R-30 | R-38 or R-30 + 3 or R-26 + 5 |
| R-38 | R-49 or R-38 + 3 |
| R-49 | R-38 + 5 |
| Steel Joist Ceilingsb | |
| R-30 | R-38 in 2 × 4 or 2 × 6 or 2 × 8 R-49 in any framing |
| R-38 | R-49 in 2 × 4 or 2 × 6 or 2 × 8 or 2 × 10 |
| Steel-Framed Wall, 16 inches on center | |
| R-13 | R-13 + 4.2 or R-21 + 2.8 or R-0 + 9.3 or R-15 + 3.8 or R-21 + 3.1 |
| R-13 + 3 | R-0 + 11.2 or R-13 + 6.1 or R-15 + 5.7 or R-19 + 5.0 or R-21 + 4.7 |
| R-20 | R-0 + 14.0 or R-13 + 8.9 or R-15 + 8.5 or R-19 + 7.8 or R-19 + 6.2 or R-21 + 7.5 |
| R-20 + 5 | R-13 + 12.7 or R-15 + 12.3 or R-19 + 11.6 or R-21 + 11.3 or R-25 + 10.9 |
| R-21 | R-0 + 14.6 or R-13 + 9.5 or R-15 + 9.1 or R-19 + 8.4 or R-21 + 8.1 or R-25 + 7.7 |
| Steel-Framed Wall, 24 inches on center | |
| R-13 | R-0 + 9.3 or R-13 + 3.0 or R-15 + 2.4 |
| R-13 + 3 | R-0 + 11.2 or R-13 + 4.9 or R-15 + 4.3 or R-19 + 3.5 or R-21 + 3.1 |
| R-20 | R-0 + 14.0 or R-13 + 7.7 or R-15 + 7.1 or R-19 + 6.3 or R-21 + 5.9 |
| R-20 + 5 | R-13 + 11.5 or R-15 + 10.9 or R-19 + 10.1 or R-21 + 9.7 or R-25 + 9.1 |
| R-21 | R-0 + 14.6 or R-13 + 8.3 or R-15 + 7.7 or R-19 + 6.9 or R-21 + 6.5 or R-25 + 5.9 |
| Steel Joist Floor | |
| R-13 | R-19 in 2 × 6, or R-19 + 6 in 2 × 8 or 2 × 10 |
| R-19 | R-19 + 6 in 2 × 6, or R-19 + 12 in 2 × 8 or 2 × 10 |
- The first value is cavity insulation R-value, the second value is continuous insulation R-value. Therefore, for example, "R-30+3" means R-30 cavity insulation plus R-3 continuous insulation.
- Insulation exceeding the height of the framing shall cover the framing.
Floor framing-cavity insulation shall be installed to maintain permanent contact with the underside of the subfloor decking.
Exception: As an alternative, the floor framing-cavity insulation shall be in contact with the topside of sheathing or continuous insulation installed on the bottom side of floor framing where combined with insulation that meets or exceeds the minimum wood frame wall R-value in Table N1102.1.2 and that extends from the bottom to the top of all perimeter floor framing members.
Sunrooms enclosing conditioned space shall meet the insulation requirements of this code.
Exception: For sunrooms with thermal isolation, and enclosing conditioned space, the following exceptions to the insulation requirements of this code shall apply:
- The minimum ceiling insulation R-values shall be R-19 in Climate Zones 1 through 4 and R-24 in Climate Zones 5 through 8.
- The minimum wall insulation R-value shall be R-13 in all climate zones. Walls separating a sunroom with a thermal isolation from conditioned space shall comply with the building thermal envelope requirements of this code.
An area-weighted average of fenestration products more than 50-percent glazed shall be permitted to satisfy the SHGC requirements.
Dynamic glazing shall be permitted to satisfy the SHGC requirements of Table N1102.1.2 provided that the ratio of the higher to lower labeled SHGC is greater than or equal to 2.4, and the dynamic glazing is automatically controlled to modulate the amount of solar gain into the space in multiple steps. Dynamic glazing shall be considered separately from other fenestration, and area-weighted averaging with other fenestration that is not dynamic glazing shall be prohibited.
Exception: Dynamic glazing shall not be required to comply with this section where both the lower and higher labeled SHGC comply with the requirements of Table N1102.1.2.
Sunrooms enclosing conditioned space shall comply with the fenestration requirements of this code.
New fenestration separating the sunroom with thermal isolation from conditioned space shall comply with the building thermal envelope requirements of this code.
Exception: In Climate Zones 2 through 8, for sunrooms with thermal isolation and enclosing conditioned space, the fenestration U-factor shall not exceed 0.45 and the skylight U-factor shall not exceed 0.70.
The components of the building thermal envelope as indicated in Table N1102.4.1.1 shall be installed in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions and the criteria indicated in Table N1102.4.1.1, as applicable to the method of construction.
TABLE N1102.4.1.1
AIR BARRIER AND INSULATION INSTALLATIONa
| COMPONENT | AIR BARRIER CRITERIA | INSULATION INSTALLATION CRITERIA |
| General requirements | A continuous air barrier shall be installed in the building envelope. The exterior thermal envelope contains a continuous air barrier. Breaks or joints in the air barrier shall be sealed. | Air-permeable insulation shall not be used as a sealing material. |
| Ceiling/attic | The air barrier in any dropped ceiling or soffit shall be aligned with the insulation and any gaps in the air barrier sealed.unconditioned attic spaces shall be sealed. | The insulation in any dropped ceiling/soffit shall be aligned with the air barrier. |
| Walls | The junction of the foundation and sill plate shall be sealed. The junction of the top plate and the top of exterior walls shall be sealed.Knee walls shall be sealed. | Cavities within corners and headers of frame walls shall be insulated by completely filling the cavity with a material having a thermal resistance of not less than R-3 per inch.Exterior thermal envelope insulation for framed walls shall be installed in substantial contact and in continuousalignment with the air barrier. |
| Windows, skylights and doors | The space between framing and skylights, and the jambs of windows and doors, shall be sealed. | — |
| Rim joists | Rim joists shall include the air barrier. | Rim joists shall be insulated. |
| Floors including cantilevered floors and floors above garages. | The air barrier shall be installed at any exposed edge of insulation. | Floor framing cavity insulation shall be installed to maintain permanent contact with the underside of subfloor decking. Alternatively, floor framing cavityinsulation shall be in contact with the top side of sheathing or continuous insulation installed on the underside of floor framing; and extending from the bottom to the top of all perimeter floor framing members. |
| Crawl space walls | Exposed earth in unvented crawl spaces shall be covered with a Class I vapor retarder with overlapping joints taped. | Crawl space insulation, where provided instead of floor insulation, shall be permanently attached to the walls. |
| Shafts, penetrations | Duct shafts, utility penetrations, and flue shafts opening to exterior or unconditioned space shall be sealed. | — |
| Narrow cavities | — | Batts to be installed in narrow cavities shall be cut to fit or narrow cavities shall be filled with insulation that on installation readily conforms to the available cavityspace Narrow cavities less than 1/2" may be left void. |
| Garage separation | Air sealing shall be provided between the garage and | — |
| Recessed lighting | Recessed light fixtures installed in the building thermal envelope shall be sealed to the finished surface. | Recessed light fixtures installed in the building thermal envelope shall be air tight and IC rated. |
| Plumbing and wiring | — | In exterior walls, batt insulation shall be cut neatly to fit around wiring and plumbing or insulation that on installation, readily conforms to available space, shall extend behind piping and wiring. |
| Shower/tub on exterior wall | The air barrier installed at exterior walls adjacent to showers and tubs shall separate the wall from the shower or tub. | Exterior walls adjacent to showers and tubs shall be insulated. |
| Electrical/phone box on | The air barrier shall be installed behind electrical and communication boxes. Alternatively, air-sealed boxes shall be installed. | — |
| HVAC register boots | HVAC supply and return register boots that penetrate building thermal envelope shall be sealed to the subfloor, wall covering or ceiling penetrated by the boot. | — |
| Concealed sprinklers | Where required to be sealed, concealed fire sprinklers shall only be sealed in a manner that is recommended by the manufacturer. Caulking or other adhesive sealants shall not be used to fill voids between fire sprinkler cover plates and walls or ceilings. | — |
- Inspection of log walls shall be in accordance with the provisions of ICC 400.
The building or dwelling unit shall be tested and verified as having an air leakage rate of not more than five air changes per hour. Testing shall be conducted in accordance with RESNET/ICC 380, ASTM E779 or ASTM E1827 and reported at a pressure of 0.2 inch w.g. (50 Pascals). A written report of the results of the test shall be signed by the party conducting the test and provided to the building official. Testing shall be performed at any time after creation of all penetrations of the building thermal envelope.
During testing:
- Exterior windows and doors, fireplace and stove doors shall be closed, but not sealed, beyond the intended weatherstripping or other infiltration control measures.
- Dampers including exhaust, intake, makeup air, backdraft and flue dampers shall be closed, but not sealed beyond intended infiltration control measures.
- Interior doors, where installed at the time of the test, shall be open.
- Exterior or interior terminations for continuous ventilation systems shall be sealed.
- Heating and cooling systems, where installed at the time of the test, shall be turned off.
- Supply and return registers, where installed at the time of the test, shall be fully open.
Windows, skylights and sliding glass doors shall have an air infiltration rate of not greater than 0.3 cfm per square foot (1.5 L/s/m2), and for swinging doors not greater than 0.5 cfm per square foot (2.6 L/s/m2), when tested in accordance with NFRC 400 or AAMA/WDMA/CSA 101/I.S.2/A440 by an approved agency and listed and labeled by the manufacturer.
Exception: Site-built fenestration products.
In Climate Zones 3 through 8, where open combustion air ducts provide combustion air to open combustion fuel-burning appliances, the appliances and combustion air opening shall be located outside the building thermal envelope or enclosed in a room that is isolated from inside the thermal envelope. Such rooms shall be sealed and insulated in accordance with the envelope requirements of Table N1102.1.2, where the walls, floors and ceilings shall meet a minimum of the basement wall R-value requirement. The door into the room shall be fully gasketed and any water lines and ducts in the room insulated in accordance with Section N1103. The combustion air duct shall be insulated where it passes through conditioned space to an R-value of not less than R-8.
Exceptions:
- Direct vent appliances with both intake and exhaust pipes installed continuous to the outside.
- Fireplaces and stoves complying with Sections N1102.4.2 and R1006.
Supply and return ducts in attics shall be insulated to an R-value of not less than R-8 for ducts 3 inches (76 mm) in diameter and larger and not less than R-6 for ducts smaller than 3 inches (76 mm) in diameter. Supply and return ducts in other portions of the building shall be insulated to not less than R-6 for ducts 3 inches (76 mm) in diameter and to not less than R-4.2 for ducts smaller than 3 inches (76.2 mm) in diameter.
Exception: Ducts located completely inside conditioned space.
Ducts shall be pressure tested to determine air leakage by one of the following methods:
- Rough-in test: Total leakage shall be measured with a pressure differential of 0.1 inch w.g. (25 Pa) across the system, including the manufacturer's air handler enclosure if installed at the time of the test. Registers shall be taped or otherwise sealed during the test.
- Postconstruction test: Total leakage shall be measured with a pressure differential of 0.1 inch w.g. (25 Pa) across the entire system, including the manufacturer's air handler enclosure. Registers shall be taped or otherwise sealed during the test.
Exceptions:
- A duct air-leakage test shall not be required where the ducts and air handlers are located entirely inside conditioned space.
- A duct air-leakage test shall not be required for ducts serving heat or energy recovery ventilators that are not integrated with ducts serving heating or cooling systems.
A written report of the results of the test shall be signed by the party conducting the test and provided to the building official.
The total leakage of the ducts, where measured in accordance with Section 1103.3.3, shall be as follows:
- Rough-in test: The total leakage shall be less than or equal to 4 cubic feet per minute (113.3 L/min) per 100 square feet (9.29 m2) of conditioned floor area where the air handler is installed at the time of the test. Where the air handler is not installed at the time of the test, the total leakage shall be less than or equal to 3 cubic feet per minute (85 L/min) per 100 square feet (9.29 m2) of conditioned floor area.
- Postconstruction test: Total leakage shall be less than or equal to 4 cubic feet per minute (113.3 L/min) per 100 square feet (9.29 m2) of conditioned floor area.
Where supply and return air ducts are partially or completely buried in ceiling insulation, such ducts shall comply with all of the following:
- The supply and return duct shall have an insulation R-value not less than R-8.
- At all points along each duct, the sum of the ceiling insulation R-values against and above the top of the duct, and against and below the bottom of the duct shall be not less than R-19, excluding the R-value of the duct insulation.
Deleted.
For ducts to be considered as inside a conditioned space, such ducts shall comply with either of the following:
- The duct system is located completely within the continuous air barrier and inside conditioned space.
The ducts are buried within ceiling insulation in accordance with Section N1103.3.6 and all of the following conditions exist:
- 2.1. The air handler is located completely within the continuous air barrier and inside conditioned space.
- 2.2. The duct leakage, as measured either by a rough-in test of the ducts or a post-construction total system leakage test to outside the building thermal envelope in accordance with Section N1103.3.4, is less than or equal to 1.5 cubic feet per minute (42.5 L/min) per 100 square feet (9.29 m2) of conditioned floor area served by the duct system.
- 2.3. The ceiling insulation R-value installed against and above the insulated duct is greater than or equal to the proposed ceiling insulation R-value, less the R-value of the insulation on the duct.
Demand recirculation water systems shall have controls that comply with both of the following:
- The controls shall start the pump upon receiving a signal from the action of a user of a fixture or appliance, sensing the presence of a user of a fixture or sensing the flow of hot or tempered water to a fixture fitting or appliance.
- The controls shall limit the temperature of the water entering the cold water piping to not greater than 104°F (40°C).
Insulation for hot water piping with a thermal resistance, R-value, of not less than R-3 shall be applied to the following:
- Piping 3/4 inch (19 mm) and larger in nominal diameter.
- Piping serving more than one dwelling unit.
- Piping located outside the conditioned space.
- Piping from the water heater to a distribution manifold.
- Piping located under a floor slab.
- Buried piping.
- Supply and return piping in recirculation systems other than demand recirculation systems.
Fans used to provide whole-house mechanical ventilation shall meet the efficacy requirements of Table N1103.6.1.
Exception: Where an air handler that is integral to tested and listed HVAC equipment is used to provide whole-house mechanical ventilation, the air handler shall be powered by an electronically commutated motor.
TABLE N1103.6.1
WHOLE-HOUSE MECHANICAL VENTILATION SYSTEM FAN EFFICACYa
| FAN LOCATION | AIR FLOW RATE MINIMUM (CFM) | MINIMUM EFFICACY (CFM/WATT) | AIR FLOW RATE MAXIMUM (CFM) |
| HRV or ERV | Any | 1.2 cfm/watt | Any |
| Range hoods | Any | 2.8 cfm/watt | Any |
| In-line fan | Any | 2.8 cfm/watt | Any |
| Bathroom, utility room | 10 | 1.4 cfm/watt | < 90 |
| Bathroom, utility room | 90 | 2.8 cfm/watt | Any |
For SI: 1 cubic foot per minute = 28.3 L/min.
- When tested in accordance with HVI Standard 916.
Compliance based on simulated energy performance requires that a proposed residence (proposed design) be shown to have an annual energy cost that is less than or equal to the annual energy cost of the standard reference design. Energy prices shall be taken from a source approved by the building official, such as the Department of Energy, Energy Information Administration's State Energy Data System Prices and Expenditures reports. Building officials shall be permitted to require time-of-use pricing in energy cost calculations.
Exception: The energy use based on source energy expressed in Btu (J) or Btu per square foot (J/m2) of conditioned floor area shall be permitted to be substituted for the energy cost. The source energy multiplier for electricity shall be 3.16. The source energy multiplier for fuels other than electricity shall be 1.1.
Compliance software tools shall generate a report that documents that the proposed design complies with Section N1105.3. A compliance report on the proposed design shall be submitted with the application for the building permit. Upon completion of the building, a compliance report based on the as-built condition of the building shall be submitted to the building official before a certificate of occupancy is issued. Batch sampling of buildings to determine energy code compliance shall only be allowed for stacked multiple-family units.
Compliance reports shall include information in accordance with Sections N1105.4.2.1 and N1105.4.2.2. Where the proposed design of a building could be built on different sites where the cardinal orientation of the building on each site is different, compliance of the proposed design for the purposes of the application for the building permit shall be based on the worst-case orientation, worst-case configuration, worst-case building air leakage and worst-case duct leakage. Such worst-case parameters shall be used as inputs to the compliance software for energy analysis.
A compliance report submitted with the application for building permit shall include the following:
- Building street address, or other building site identification.
- A statement indicating that the proposed design complies with Section N1105.3.
- An inspection checklist documenting the building component characteristics of the proposed design as indicated in Table N1105.5.2(1). The inspection checklist shall show results for both the standard reference design and the proposed design with user inputs to the compliance software to generate the results.
- A site-specific energy analysis report that is in compliance with Section N1105.3.
- The name of the individual performing the analysis and generating the report.
- The name and version of the compliance software tool.
A compliance report submitted for obtaining the certificate of occupancy shall include the following:
- Building street address, or other building site identification.
- A statement indicating that the as-built building complies with Section N1105.3.
- A certificate indicating that the building passes the performance matrix for code compliance and indicating the energy saving features of the buildings.
- A site-specific energy analysis report that is in compliance with Section N1105.3.
- The name of the individual performing the analysis and generating the report.
- The name and version of the compliance software tool.
The building official shall be permitted to require the following documents:
- Documentation of the building component characteristics of the standard reference design.
- A certification signed by the owner or the owner's representative providing the building component characteristics of the proposed design as given in Table N1105.5.2(1).
- Documentation of the actual values used in the software calculations for the proposed design.
The standard reference design and proposed design shall be configured and analyzed as specified by Table N1105.5.2(1). Table N1105.5.2(1) shall include, by reference, all notes contained in Table N1102.1.2.
TABLE N1105.5.2(1)
SPECIFICATIONS FOR THE STANDARD REFERENCE AND PROPOSED DESIGNS
| BUILDING COMPONENT | STANDARD REFERENCE DESIGN | PROPOSED DESIGN |
| Above-grade walls | Type: mass where the proposed wall is a mass wall; otherwise wood frame. | As proposed |
| Gross area: same as proposed. | As proposed | |
| U-factor: as specified in Table N1102.1.4. | As proposed | |
| Solar absorptance = 0.75. | As proposed | |
| Emittance = 0.90. | As proposed | |
| Basement and crawl space walls | Type: same as proposed. | As proposed |
| Gross area: same as proposed. | As proposed | |
| U-factor: as specified in Table N1102.1.4, with the insulation layer on the interior side of the walls. | As proposed | |
| Above-grade floors | Type: wood frame. | As proposed |
| Gross area: same as proposed. | As proposed | |
| U-factor: as specified in Table N1102.1.4. | As proposed | |
| Ceilings | Type: wood frame. | As proposed |
| Gross area: same as proposed. | As proposed | |
| U-factor: as specified in Table N1102.1.4. | As proposed | |
| Roofs | Type: composition shingle on wood sheathing. | As proposed |
| Gross area: same as proposed. | As proposed | |
| Solar absorptance = 0.75. | As proposed | |
| Emittance = 0.90. | As proposed | |
| Attics | Type: vented with an aperture of 1 ft2 per 300 ft2 of ceiling area. | As proposed |
| Foundations | Type: same as proposed. | As proposed |
| Foundation wall area above and below grade and soil characteristics: same as proposed. | As proposed | |
| Opaque doors | Area: 40 ft2 . | As proposed |
| Orientation: North. | As proposed | |
| U-factor: same as fenestration as specified in Table N1102.1.4. | As proposed | |
| Vertical fenestration other than opaque doors | Total areah = (a) The proposed glazing area, where the proposed glazing area is less than 15 percent of the conditioned floor area.(b) 15 percent of the conditioned floor area, where the proposed glazing area is 15 percent or more of the conditioned floor area. | As proposed |
| Orientation: equally distributed to four cardinal compass orientations (N, E, S & W). | As proposed | |
| U-factor: as specified in Table N1102.1.4. | As proposed | |
| SHGC: as specified in Table N1102.1.2 except for climate zones without an SHGC requirement, the SHGC shall be equal to 0.40. | As proposed | |
| Interior shade fraction: 0.92-(0.21 × SHGC for the standard reference design). | Interior shade fraction: 0.92-(0.21 × SHGC as proposed) | |
| External shading: none | As proposed | |
| Skylights | None | As proposed |
| Thermally isolated | None | As proposed |
| Air exchange rate | The air leakage rate at a pressure of 0.2 inch w.g. (50 Pa) shall be | |
| Climate Zones 1 and 2: 5 air changes per hour. Climate Zones 3 through 8: 3 air changes per hour. | The measured air exchange ratea. | |
| The mechanical ventilation rate shall be in addition to the air leakage rate and shall be the same as in the proposed design, but not greater than 0.01 × CFA + 7.5 × (Nbr + 1)where: CFA = conditioned floor area, ft2.Nbr = number of bedrooms. Energy recovery shall not be assumed for mechanical ventilation. | The mechanical ventilation rateb shall be in addition to the air leakage rate and shall be as proposed. | |
| Mechanical ventilation | Where mechanical ventilation is not specified in the proposed design: None Where mechanical ventilation is specified in the proposed design, the annual vent fan energy use, in units of kWh/yr, shall equal (1/ef) ×[0.0876 × CFA + 65.7 × (Nbr+1)] where:ef = the minimum exhaust fan efficacy, as specified in Table R403.6.1, corresponding to a flow rate of 0.01 × CFA + 7.5 × (Nbr+1)CFA = conditioned floor area, ft2. Nbr = number of bedrooms. | As proposed |
| Internal gains | IGain, in units of Btu/day per dwelling unit, shall equal 17,900 + 23.8 × CFA + 4,104 × Nbr where:CFA = conditioned floor area, ft2. Nbr = number of bedrooms. | Same as standard reference design. |
| Internal mass | Internal mass for furniture and contents: 8 pounds per square foot of floor area. | Same as standard reference design, plus any additional mass specifically designed as a thermal storage elementc but not integral to the building envelope or structure. |
| Structural mass | For masonry floor slabs: 80 percent of floor area covered by R-2 carpet and pad, and 20 percent of floor directly exposed to room air. | As proposed |
| For masonry basement walls, as proposed, but with insulation as specified in Table N1102.1.4, located on the interior side of the walls. | As proposed | |
| For other walls, ceilings, floors, and interior walls: wood frame construction. | As proposed | |
| Heating systemsd, e | For other than electric heating without a heat pump: as proposed. Where the proposed design utilizes electric heating without a heat pump, the standard reference design shall be an air source heat pump meeting the requirements of Section C403 of the IECC—Commercial Provisions. Capacity: sized in accordance with Section N1103.7. | As proposed |
| Cooling systemsd, f | As proposed. Capacity: sized in accordance with Section N1103.7. | As proposed |
| Service water heatingd, e, f, g | As proposed. Use: same as proposed design. | As proposed Use, in units of gal/day = 30 + (10 × Nbr) where: Nbr = number of bedrooms. |
| Thermal distribution systems | Duct insulation: in accordance with Section N1103.3.1. A thermal distribution system efficiency (DSE) of 0.88 shall be applied to both the heating and cooling system efficiencies for all systems other thantested duct systems. Exception: For nonducted heating and cooling systems that do not havea fan, the standard reference design thermal distribution system efficiency (DSE) shall be 1.For tested duct systems, the leakage rate shall be 4 cfm (113.3 L/min) per 100 ft2 (9.29 m2) of conditioned floor area at a pressure of differential of 0.1 inch w.g. (25 Pa). | Duct insulation: as proposed. As tested or, where not tested, as specified in Table N1105.5.2(2). |
| Thermostat | Type: Manual, cooling temperature setpoint = 75°F; Heating temperature setpoint = 72°F. | Same as standard reference design. |
For SI: 1 square foot = 0.93 m2, 1 British thermal unit = 1055 J, 1 pound per square foot = 4.88 kg/m2, 1 gallon (US) = 3.785 L, °C = (°F-32)/1.8, 1 degree = 0.79 rad.
- The measured air exchange rate shall be determined by testing conducted in accordance with RESNET/ICC 380, ASTM E779 or ASTM E1827. Hourly calculations as specified in the ASHRAE Handbook of Fundamentals, or the equivalent, shall be used to determine the energy loads resulting from infiltration.
- The combined air exchange rate for infiltration and mechanical ventilation shall be determined in accordance with Equation 43 of 2001 ASHRAE Handbook of Fundamentals, page 26.24 and the "Whole-house Ventilation" provisions of 2001 ASHRAE Handbook of Fundamentals, page 26.19 for intermittent mechanical ventilation.
- Thermal storage element shall mean a component that is not part of the floors, walls or ceilings that is part of a passive solar system, and that provides thermal storage such as enclosed water columns, rock beds, or phase-change containers. A thermal storage element shall be in the same room as fenestration that faces within 15 degrees (0.26 rad) of true south, or shall be connected to such a room with pipes or ducts that allow the element to be actively charged.
- For a proposed design with multiple heating, cooling or water heating systems using different fuel types, the applicable standard reference design system capacities and fuel types shall be weighted in accordance with their respective loads as calculated by accepted engineering practice for each equipment and fuel type present.
- For a proposed design without a proposed heating system, a heating system having the prevailing federal minimum efficiency shall be assumed for both the standard reference design and proposed design.
- For a proposed design home without a proposed cooling system, an electric air conditioner having the prevailing federal minimum efficiency shall be assumed for both the standard reference design and the proposed design.
- For a proposed design with a nonstorage-type water heater, a 40-gallon storage-type water heater having the prevailing federal minimum energy factor for the same fuel as the predominant heating fuel type shall be assumed. For a proposed design without a proposed water heater, a 40-gallon storage-type water heater with the prevailing federal minimum efficiency for the same fuel as the predominant heating fuel type shall be assumed for both the proposed design and standard reference design.
For residences with conditioned basements, R-2 and R-4 residences, and for townhouses, the following formula shall be used to determine glazing area:
where:
AF = Total glazing area.
As = Standard reference design total glazing area.
FA = (Above-grade thermal boundary gross wall area)/(above-grade boundary wall area + 0.5 × below-grade boundary wall area).
F = (above-grade thermal boundary wall area)/(above-grade thermal boundary wall area + common wall area) or 0.56, whichever is greater.
and where:
Thermal boundary wall is any wall that separates conditioned space from unconditioned space or ambient conditions.
Above-grade thermal boundary wall is any thermal boundary wall component not in contact with soil.
Below-grade boundary wall is any thermal boundary wall in soil contact.
Common wall area is the area of walls shared with an adjoining dwelling unit. L and CFA are in the same units.
TABLE N1105.5.2(2)
DEFAULT DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM EFFICIENCIES FOR PROPOSED DESIGNSa
| DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM CONFIGURATION AND CONDITION | FORCED AIR SYSTEMS | HYDRONIC SYSTEMSb |
| Distribution system components located in unconditioned space | — | 0.95 |
| Untested distribution systems entirely located in conditioned spacec | 0.88 | 1 |
| "Ductless" systemsd | 1 | — |
For SI: 1 cubic foot per minute = 0.47 L/s, 1 square foot = 0.093m2, 1 pound per square inch = 6895 Pa, 1 inch water gauge = 1250 Pa.
- Default values this table are for untested distribution systems, which must still meet minimum requirements for duct system insulation.
- Hydronic systems shall mean those systems that distribute heating and cooling energy directly to individual spaces using liquids pumped through closed-loop piping and that do not depend on ducted, forced airflow to maintain space temperatures.
- Entire system in conditioned space shall mean that no component of the distribution system, including the air handler unit, is located outside of the conditioned space.
- Ductless systems shall be allowed to have forced airflow across a coil but shall not have any ducted airflow external to the manufacturer's air handler enclosure.
Calculation procedures used to comply with this section shall be software tools capable of calculating the annual energy consumption of all building elements that differ between the standard reference design and the proposed design and shall include the following capabilities:
- Computer generation of the standard reference design using only the input for the proposed design. The calculation procedure shall not allow the user to directly modify the building component characteristics of the standard reference design.
- Calculation of whole-building (as a single zone) sizing for the heating and cooling equipment in the standard reference design residence in accordance with Section N1103.7.
- Calculations that account for the effects of indoor and outdoor temperatures and part-load ratios on the performance of heating, ventilating and air-conditioning equipment based on climate and equipment sizing.
- Printed building official inspection checklist listing each of the proposed design component characteristics from Table N1105.5.2(1) determined by the analysis to provide compliance, along with their respective performance ratings such as R-value, U-factor, SHGC, HSPF, AFUE, SEER and EF.
Compliance with this section requires that the provisions identified in Sections N1101.14 through N1104 indicated as "mandatory" and in Section N1103.5.3 be met. The building thermal envelope shall be greater than or equal to levels of efficiency and Solar Heat Gain Coefficients in Table 402.1.1 or 402.1.3 of the 2009 International Energy Conservation Code.
Exception: Supply and return ducts not completely inside the building thermal envelope shall be insulated to an R-value of not less than R-6.
The Energy Rating Index (ERI) shall be determined in accordance with RESNET/ICC 301 except that the ERI reference design ventilation rate shall be in accordance with Equation 11-1 and the ERI rated design ventilation rate shall comply with the mechanical ventilation requirements of the RCO Section 1505.
(Equation 11-1)
Energy used to recharge or refuel a vehicle used for transportation on roads that are not on the building site shall not be included in the ERI reference design or the rated design.
Compliance based on an ERI analysis requires that the rated design be shown to have an ERI less than or equal to the appropriate value indicated in Table N1106.4 when compared to the ERI reference design.
TABLE N1106.4
MAXIMUM ENERGY RATING INDEX
| CLIMATE ZONE | ENERGY RATING INDEXa |
| 4 | 62 |
| 5 | 61 |
- Where on-site renewable energy is included for compliance using the ERI analysis of Section N1106.4, the building shall meet the mandatory requirements of Section N1106.2, and the building thermal envelope shall be greater than or equal to the levels of efficiency and SHGC in Table N1102.1.2 or Table N1102.1.4 of the 2015 International Residential Code.
Compliance software tools shall generate a report that documents that the ERI of the rated design complies with Sections N1106.3 and N1106.4. The compliance documentation shall include the following information:
- Address or other identification of the residential building.
- An inspection checklist documenting the building component characteristics of the rated design. The inspection checklist shall show results for both the ERI reference design and the rated design, and shall document all inputs entered by the user necessary to reproduce the results.
- Name of individual completing the compliance report.
- Name and version of the compliance software tool.
Exception: Where an otherwise identical building model is offered in multiple orientations, compliance for any orientation shall be permitted by documenting that the building meets the performance requirements in each of the four (north, east, south and west) cardinal orientations.
The code official shall be permitted to require the following documents:
- Documentation of the building component characteristics of the ERI reference design.
- A certification signed by the owner or the owner's representative providing the building component characteristics of the rated design.
- Documentation of the actual values used in the software calculations for the rated design.
| CLIMATE ZONE | FENESTRATION U-FACTORb | SKYLIGHTb U-FACTOR | GLAZED FENESTRATION SHGCb | CEILING R-VALUE | WOOD FRAME WALL R-VALUE | MASS WALL R-VALUEi | FLOOR R-VALUE | BASEMENTc WALL R-VALUE | SLABd R-VALUE AND DEPTH | CRAWL SPACEc WALL R-VALUE |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 4 | 0.35 | 0.60 | NR | 38 | 13 | 5/10 | 19 | 10/13 | 10, 2 ft | 10/13 |
| 5 | 0.35 | 0.60 | NR | 38 | 20 or 13 + 5h | 13/17 | 30g | 10/13 | 10, 2 ft | 10/13 |
- R-values are minimums. U-factors and solar heat gain coefficient (SHGC) are maximums. R-19 batts compressed in to nominal 2 x 6 framing cavity such that the R-value is reduced by R-1 or more shall be marked with the compressed batt R-value in addition to the full thickness R-value.
- The fenestration U-factor column excludes skylights. The SHGC column applies to all glazed fenestration.
- "10/13" means R-10 continuous insulated sheathing on the interior or exterior of the home or R-13 cavity insulation at the interior of the basement wall.
- R-5 shall be added to the required slab edge R-values for heated slabs.
- Deleted.
- Deleted.
- Or insulation sufficient to fill the framing cavity, R-19 minimum.
- "13+5" means R-13 cavity insulation plus R-5 insulated sheathing. If structural sheathing covers 25% or less of the exterior, insulating sheathing is not required where structural sheathing is used. If structural sheathing covers more than 25% of exterior, structural sheathing shall be supplemented with insulated sheathing of at least R-2.
- The second R-value applies when more than half the insulation is on the interior of the mass wall.
- Deleted.
New building envelope assemblies that are part of the addition shall comply with Sections N1102.1, N1102.2, N1102.3.1 through N1102.3.5, and N1102.4.
Exceptions:
- Where unconditioned space is changed to conditioned space, the building envelope of the addition shall comply where the Total UA, as determined in Section 1102.1.5, of the existing building and the addition, and any alterations that are part of the project, is less than or equal to the Total UA generated for the existing building.
- Building thermal envelope testing is not required.
New heating, cooling and duct systems that are part of the addition shall comply with Section N1103.
Exception: Where ducts from an existing heating and cooling system are extended to an addition, duct systems with less than 40 linear feet (12.19 m) in unconditioned spaces shall not be required to be tested in accordance with Section N1103.3.3
Alterations to any building or structure shall comply with the requirements of the code for new construction. Alterations shall be such that the existing building or structure is not less conforming with the provisions of this chapter than the existing building or structure was prior to the alteration.
Alterations to an existing building, building system or portion thereof shall conform to the provisions of this chapter as they relate to new construction without requiring the unaltered portions of the existing building or building system to comply with this chapter. Alterations shall not create an unsafe or hazardous condition or overload existing building systems. Alterations shall be such that the existing building or structure does not use more energy than the existing building or structure prior to the alteration. Alterations to existing buildings shall comply with Sections N1109.1.1 through N1109.2.
Building envelope assemblies that are part of the alteration shall comply with Section N1102.1.2 or N1102.1.4, Sections N1102.2.1 through N1102.2.13, N1102.3.1, N1102.3.2, N1102.4.3 and N1102.4.5.
Exception: The following alterations shall not be required to comply with the requirements for new construction provided that the energy use of the building is not increased:
- Storm windows installed over existing fenestration.
- Existing ceiling, wall or floor cavities exposed during construction provided that these cavities are filled with insulation.
- Construction where the existing roof, wall or floor cavity is not exposed.
- Roof recover.
- Roofs without insulation in the cavity and where the sheathing or insulation is exposed during reroofing shall be insulated either above or below the sheathing.
- Surface-applied window film installed on existing single-pane fenestration assemblies to reduce solar heat gain provided that the code does not require the glazing or fenestration assembly to be replaced.
New heating, cooling and duct systems that are part of the alteration shall comply with Section N1103.
Exception: Where ducts from an existing heating and cooling system are extended, duct systems with less than 40 linear feet (12.19 m) in unconditioned spaces shall not be required to be tested in accordance with Section N1103.3.3.
New lighting systems that are part of the alteration shall comply with Section N1104.1.
Exception: Alterations that replace less than 50 percent of the luminaires in a space, provided that such alterations do not increase the installed interior lighting power.
Any nonconditioned or low energy space that is altered to become conditioned space shall be required to be brought into full compliance with this chapter.
Exception: Where the simulated performance option in Section N1105 is used to comply with this section, the annual energy cost of the proposed design is permitted to be 110 percent of the annual energy cost otherwise allowed by Section N1105.3.
For the purposes of this code, the following shall be considered to be repairs:
- Glass-only replacements in an existing sash and frame.
- Roof repairs.
- Repairs where only the bulb, ballast or both within the existing luminaires in a space are replaced provided that the replacement does not increase the installed interior lighting power.
Any space that is converted to a dwelling unit or portion thereof from another use or occupancy shall comply with this chapter.
Exception: Where the simulated performance option in Section N1105 is used to comply with this section, the annual energy cost of the proposed design is permitted to be 110 percent of the annual energy cost allowed by Section N1105.3.
| FRAME TYPE | SINGLE PANE | DOUBLE PANE | SKYLIGHT | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Single | Double | |||
| Metal | 1.2 | 0.8 | 1.3 | |
| Metal with thermal break | 1.1 | 0.65 | 1.9 | 1.1 |
| Nonmetal or metal clad | 0.95 | 0.55 | 1.75 | 1.05 |
| Glazed block | 0.6 | |||
| DOOR TYPE | U-FACTOR |
|---|---|
| Uninsulated metal | 1.2 |
| Insulated metal | 0.6 |
| Wood | 0.5 |
| Insulated, nonmetal edge, max 45% glazing, any glazing double pane | 0.35 |
| SINGLE GLAZED | DOUBLE GLAZED | GLAZED BLOCK | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clear | Tinted | Clear | Tinted | |
| 0.8 | 0.7 | 0.7 | 0.6 | 0.6 |
| FENESTRATION U-FACTORb | SKYLIGHTb U-FACTOR | GLAZED FENESTRATION SHGCb,e | CEILING R-VALUE | WOOD FRAME WALL R-VALUE | MASS WALL R-VALUEi | FLOOR R-VALUE | BASEMENTc WALL R-VALUE | SLABd R-VALUE AND DEPTH | CRAWL SPACEc WALL R-VALUE | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Compliance Path #1 | 0.32 | 0.60 | NR | 49 | 15 or 13 + 3h |
13/17 | 30g | 10/13 (minimum 4 feet) | 10, 2 ft | 10/13 |
| Compliance Path #2 | 0.32 | 0.60 | NR | 49 | 13 | 13/17 | 30g | 10/13 (minimum 4 feet) | 10, 2 ft | 10/13 |
- R-values are minimums. U-factors and solar heat gain coefficient (SHGC) are maximums. R-19 batts compressed in to nominal 2 x 6 framing cavity such that the R-value is reduced by R-1 or more shall be marked with the compressed batt R-value in addition to the full thickness R-value.
- The fenestration U-factor column excludes skylights. The SHGC column applies to all glazed fenestration.
- "10/13" means R-10 continuous insulated sheathing on the interior or exterior of the home or R-13 cavity insulation at the interior of the basement wall.
- R-5 shall be added to the required slab edge R-values for heated slabs.
- Deleted.
- Deleted.
- Or insulation sufficient to fill the framing cavity, R-19 minimum.
- "13+3" means R-13 cavity insulation plus R-3 insulated sheathing. If structural sheathing covers 25% or less of the exterior, insulating sheathing is not required where structural sheathing is used.
- The second R-value applies when more than half the insulation is on the interior of the mass wall.
- Deleted.
| FENESTRATION U-FACTOR | SKYLIGHT U-FACTOR | CEILING U-FACTOR |
FRAME WALL U-FACTOR | MASS WALL U-FACTORb | FLOOR U-FACTOR |
BASEMENT WALL U-FACTOR | CRAWL SPACE WALL U-FACTOR | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Compliance Path #1 | 0.32 | 0.60 | 0.026 | 0.077 | 0.082 | 0.033 | 0.059 (minimum 4 feet) | 0.065 |
| Compliance Path #2 | 0.32 | 0.60 | 0.026 | 0.082 | 0.082 | 0.033 | 0.059 (minimum 4 feet) | 0.065 |
| WOOD FRAME R-VALUE REQUIREMENT | COLD-FORMED STEEL EQUIVALENT R-VALUEa |
|---|---|
| Steel Truss Ceilingsa | |
| R-30 | R-38 or R-30 + 3 or R-26 + 5 |
| R-38 | R-49 or R-38 + 3 |
| R-49 | R-38 + 5 |
| Steel Joist Ceilingsb | |
| R-30 | R-38 in 2 x 4 or 2 x 6 or 2 x 8 R-49 in any framing |
| R-38 | R-49 in 2 x 4 or 2 x 6 or 2 x 8 or 2 x 10 |
| Steel Framed Wall | |
| R-13 | R-13 + 5 or R15 + 4 or R-21 + 3 or R-0 + 10 |
| R-15 or R-13+3 | R-0 + 11.2 or R-13 +6.1 or R-15 + 5.7 or R-19 + 5.0 or R-21 + 4.7 |
| R-19 | R-13 + 9 or R-19 + 8 or R-25 + 7 |
| R-21 | R-13 + 10 or R-19 + 9 or R-25 + 8 |
| Steel Joist Floor | |
| R-13 | R-19 in 2 x 6, R-19 + 6 in 2 x 8 or 2 x 10 |
| R-19 | R-19 + 6 in 2 x 6, R-19 + 12 in 2 x 8 or 2 x 10 |
| R-30 | R-19 + 6 in 2 x 6, R-19 + 12 in 2 x 8 or 2 x 10 |
- Cavity insulation R-value is listed first, followed by continuous insulation R-value.
- Insulation exceeding the height of the framing shall cover the framing.
- All joints, seams and penetrations.
- Site-built fenestration products.
- Openings between window and door assemblies and their respective jambs and framing
- Utility penetrations.
- Dropped ceilings or chases adjacent to the thermal envelope.
- Knee walls.
- Walls and ceilings separating the garage from conditioned spaces. Behind tubs and showers on exterior walls.
- Common walls between dwelling units.
Attic access openings.
Rim joists junction. - Other sources of infiltration.
During testing:
- Exterior windows and doors, fireplace and stove doors shall be closed, but not sealed;
- Dampers shall be closed, but not sealed; including exhaust, intake, makeup air, back draft, and flue dampers;
- Interior doors shall be open;
- Exterior openings for continuous ventilation systems and heat recovery ventilators shall be closed and sealed;
- Heating and cooling system(s) shall be turned off;
- HVAC ducts shall not be sealed; and
- Supply and return registers shall not be sealed.
- Post-construction test: Post-construction duct tightness shall be
verified to meet the values prescribed in Table 1112.3.2.2(a) by
testing either the "Leakage to Outdoors" or the "Total Leakage" in
accordance with the chosen compliance path. Testing shall be
conducted at a pressure differential of 0.1 inch w.g. (25 Pa) across
the entire system, including the manufacturer's air handler end closure. All register boots shall be taped or otherwise sealed during the test.
TABLE 1112.3.2.2(a)
POST-CONSTRUCTION DUCT TIGHTNESS TESTINGLeakage to Outdoors
(per 100 ft2 (9.29 m2) of conditioned floor area)Total Leakage
(per 100 ft2 (9.29 m2) of conditioned floor area)Compliance Path #1 ≤ 6 cfm (2.83 L/s) ≤ 9 cfm (4.24 L/s) Compliance Path #2 ≤ 4 cfm (1.89 L/s) ≤ 6 cfm (2.83 L/s) - Rough-in test: Rough-in duct tightness shall be verified to meet the
values prescribed in Table 1112.3.2.2(b) by testing the "Total
Leakage" in accordance with the chosen compliance path. Testing
shall be conducted at a pressure differential of 0.1 inch w.g. (25 Pa)
across the roughed in system, including the manufacturer's air
handler enclosure, if installed at the time of the test. All register
boots shall be taped or otherwise sealed during the test.
TABLE 1112.3.2.2(b)
ROUGH-IN DUCT TIGHTNESS TESTINGTotal Leakage — with air handler installed
(per 100 ft2 (9.29 m2) of conditioned floor area)Total Leakage — without air handler installed
(per 100 ft2 (9.29 m2) of conditioned floor area)Compliance Path #1 ≤ 6 cfm (2.83 L/s) ≤ 4 cfm (1.89 L/s) Compliance Path #2 ≤ 4 cfm (1.89 L/s) ≤ 3 cfm (1.41 L/s)
