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This chapter shall govern the design, installation, construction and repair of
fuel-oil storage and
piping systems. The storage of
fuel oil and flammable and
combustible liquids shall be in accordance with Chapters 6 and 57 of the
International Fire Code.
Fuel-oil storage systems shall comply with Section 603.3 of the
International Fire Code.
Fuel-oil piping systems shall comply with the requirements of this code.
An
appliance shall be designed for use with the type of fuel to which it will be connected. Such
appliance shall not be converted from the fuel specified on the rating plate for use with a different fuel without securing reapproval from the
code official.
The tank,
piping and valves for
appliances burning oil shall be installed in accordance with the requirements of this chapter. Where an oil burner is served by a tank, any part of which is above the level of the burner inlet connection and where the fuel supply line is taken from the top of the tank, an
approved antisiphon valve or other siphon-breaking device shall be installed in lieu of the shutoff valve.
All exterior above-grade fill piping shall be removed when tanks are abandoned or removed. Tank abandonment and removal shall be in accordance with Section 5704.2.13 of the International Fire Code.
Piping materials shall conform to the standards cited in this section.
All materials shall be rated for the operating temperatures and pressures of the system, and shall be compatible with the type of liquid.
Nonmetallic
pipe shall be
listed and
labeled as being acceptable for the intended application for flammable and
combustible liquids. Nonmetallic
pipe shall be installed only outdoors, underground.
Fittings and valves shall be
approved for the
piping systems, and shall be compatible with, or shall be of the same material as, the
pipe or
tubing.
Pipe shall be
approved for bending.
Pipe bends shall be made with
approved equipment. The bend shall not exceed the structural limitations of the
pipe.
Pumps that are not part of an
appliance shall be of a positive-displacement type. The pump shall automatically shut off the supply when not in operation. Pumps shall be
listed and
labeled in accordance with UL 343.
Flexible connectors and hoses shall be
listed and
labeled in accordance with UL 536.
Joints and connections shall be
approved and of a type
approved for
fuel-oil piping systems. Threaded joints and connections shall be made tight with suitable lubricant or
pipe compound. Unions requiring gaskets or packings, right or left couplings, and sweat fittings employing solder having a melting point of less than 1,000°F (538°C) shall not be used in oil lines. Cast-iron fittings shall not be used. Joints and connections shall be tight for the pressure required by test.
Joints between different
piping materials shall be made with
approved adapter fittings. Joints between different metallic
piping materials shall be made with
approved dielectric fittings or copper-alloy converter fittings.
Pipe shall be cut square, reamed and chamfered and be free from all burrs and obstructions.
Pipe ends shall have full-bore openings and shall not be undercut.
Where required by Sections
1303.4 through
1303.9, the preparation and installation of brazed, mechanical, threaded and welded joints shall comply with Sections
1303.3.1 through
1303.3.4.
All joint surfaces shall be cleaned. An approved flux shall be applied where required. The joints shall be brazed with a filler metal conforming to AWS A5.8.
Threads shall conform to ASME B1.20.1.
Pipe-joint compound or tape shall be applied on the male threads only.
All joint surfaces shall be cleaned by an approved procedure. The joint shall be welded with an approved filler metal.
Joints between copper or copper-alloy
pipe or fittings shall be brazed, mechanical, threaded or welded joints complying with
Section 1303.3.
Joints between nonmetallic
pipe or fittings shall be installed in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions for the
labeled pipe and fittings.
Joints shall be made with an
approved elastomeric seal.
Mechanical joints shall be installed in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions.
Mechanical joints shall be installed outdoors, underground, unless otherwise
approved.
Joints between steel
tubing or fittings shall be mechanical or welded joints complying with
Section 1303.3.
Proper allowance shall be made for expansion, contraction, jarring and vibration.
Piping other than
tubing, connected to underground tanks, except straight fill lines and test wells, shall be provided with flexible connectors, or otherwise arranged to permit the tanks to settle without impairing the tightness of the
piping connections.
The
fuel oil system shall be sized for the maximum capacity of
fuel oil required. The minimum size of a supply line shall be
3/
8-inch (9.5 mm) inside diameter nominal
pipe or
3/
8-inch (9.5 mm) outside diameter
tubing. The minimum size of a return line shall be
1/
4-inch (6.4 mm) inside diameter nominal
pipe or
5/
16-inch (7.9 mm) outside diameter
tubing. Copper
tubing shall have 0.035-inch (0.9 mm) nominal and 0.032-inch (0.8 mm) minimum wall thickness.
Supply piping shall connect to the top of the fuel oil tank. Fuel oil shall be supplied by a transfer pump or automatic pump or by other approved means.
Exception: This section shall not apply to inside or aboveground fuel oil tanks.
Return
piping shall connect to the top of the
fuel oil tank. Valves shall not be installed on return
piping.
The system shall be designed for the maximum pressure required by the
fuel-oil-burning
appliance. Air or other gases shall not be used to pressurize tanks.
A fill
pipe shall terminate outside of a building at a point not less than 2 feet (610 mm) from any building opening at the same or lower level. A fill
pipe shall terminate in a manner designed to minimize spilling when the filling hose is disconnected. Fill opening shall be equipped with a tight metal cover designed to discourage tampering.
Liquid fuel vent pipes shall terminate outside of buildings at a point not less than 2 feet (610 mm) measured vertically or horizontally from any building opening. Outer ends of vent pipes shall terminate in a weatherproof vent cap or fitting or be provided with a weatherproof hood. Vent caps shall have a minimum free open area equal to the cross-sectional area of the vent pipe and shall not employ screens finer than No. 4 mesh. Vent pipes shall terminate sufficiently above the ground to avoid being obstructed with snow or ice. Vent pipes from tanks containing heaters shall be extended to a location where oil vapors discharging from the vent will be readily diffused. If the static head with a vent pipe filled with oil exceeds 10 pounds per square inch (psi) (69 kPa), the tank shall be designed for the maximum static head that will be imposed.
Liquid fuel vent pipes shall not be cross connected with fill pipes, lines from burners or overflow lines from auxiliary tanks.
Tanks in which a constant oil level is not maintained by an automatic pump shall be equipped with a method of determining the oil level.
Test wells shall not be installed inside buildings. For outdoor service, test wells shall be equipped with a tight metal cover designed to discourage tampering.
The gauging of inside tanks by means of measuring sticks shall not be permitted. An inside tank provided with fill and
vent pipes shall be provided with a device to indicate either visually or audibly at the fill point when the oil in the tank has reached a predetermined safe level.
Gauging devices such as liquid level indicators or signals shall be designed and installed so that oil vapor will not be discharged into a building from the liquid fuel supply system. Liquid-level indicating gauges shall comply with UL 180.
A tank used in connection with any oil burner shall not be equipped with a glass gauge or any gauge that, when broken, will permit the escape of oil from the tank.
A shutoff valve shall be installed on the
fuel-oil supply line at the entrance to the building. Inside or above-ground tanks are permitted to have valves installed at the tank. The valve shall be capable of stopping the flow of
fuel oil to the building or to the
appliance served where the valve is installed at a tank inside the building. Valves shall comply with UL 842.
A shutoff valve shall be installed at the connection to each
appliance where more than one
fuel-oil-burning
appliance is installed.
A relief valve shall be installed on the pump discharge line where a valve is located downstream of the pump and the pump is capable of exceeding the pressure limitations of the
fuel oil system.
The relief valve shall discharge
fuel oil when the pressure exceeds the limitations of the system. The discharge line shall connect to the
fuel oil tank.