In addition to the occupancy and construction requirements in this code, the provisions of this chapter apply to the special uses and occupancies described herein.
The provisions of this section shall apply to buildings or structures defined herein as covered or open mall buildings not exceeding three floor levels at any point nor more than three stories above grade plane. Except as specifically required by this section, covered and open mall buildings shall meet applicable provisions of this code.
A covered mall building and attached anchor buildings and parking garages
shall be surrounded on all sides by a permanent open space of not less than 60 feet (18 288 mm).
An open mall building and anchor buildings and parking garages adjoining the perimeter line shall
be surrounded on all sides by a permanent open space of not less than 60 feet (18 288 mm).
Exception:
The permanent open space of 60 feet (18 288 mm) shall be permitted to be reduced
to not less than 40 feet (12 192 mm), provided the following requirements are met:
- The reduced open space shall not be allowed for more than 75 percent of the perimeter of the covered mall building and anchor buildings or of the perimeter line of the open mall building and anchor buildings;
- The exterior wall facing the reduced open space shall have a fire-resistance rating of not less than three hours;
- Openings in the exterior wall facing the reduced open space shall have opening protectives with a fire protection rating of not less than three hours; and
- Group E, H, I or R occupancies are not located within the covered or open mall building or anchor buildings.
For the purpose of this code, a perimeter line shall
be established. The perimeter line shall encircle all buildings and structures that comprise the open
mall building and shall encompass any open-air interior walkways, open-air courtyards or similar
open-air spaces. The perimeter line shall define the extent of the open mall building. Anchor
buildings and parking structures shall be outside of the perimeter line and are not considered as
part of the open mall building.
This section contains terms defined elsewhere in this code, and terms with definitions that are specific to this section.
The following terms are defined in Chapter 2:
The following terms shall, for the purposes of this section, have the meanings shown herein:
- FOOD COURT. A public seating area located in the mall that serves adjacent food preparation tenant spaces.
- GROSS LEASABLE AREA. The total floor area designed for tenant occupancy and exclusive use. The area of tenant occupancy is measured from the centerlines of joint partitions to the outside of the tenant walls. All tenant areas, including areas used for storage, shall be included in calculating gross leasable area.
A fire protection plan shall be provided to the Fire Department pursuant to Article 109 of Title 28.
*Section BC 402.3 was amended by Local Law 195 of 2018. This law has an effective date of May 30, 2019.
*Section BC 402.3 was amended by Local Law 195 of 2018. This law has an effective date of May 30, 2019.
The construction of covered and open mall buildings, anchor buildings and
parking garages associated with a mall building shall comply with Sections 402.4.1 through 402.4.3.
parking garages associated with a mall building shall comply with Sections 402.4.1 through 402.4.3.
The building area and type of construction of covered
mall or open mall buildings, anchor buildings and parking garages shall comply with this section.
Covered and open mall buildings shall be of
Type I, II or IV construction. The height of covered mall buildings of Type IIB construction
shall be limited to one story. The areas of covered mall buildings or open mall buildings shall
not be limited provided that the covered mall building or open mall building and attached
anchor buildings and parking garages are surrounded on all sides by a permanent open space
in accordance with Section 402.1.2.
Anchor buildings shall be of Type I, II or IV construction. The
height of anchor buildings, of Type IIB construction, shall be limited to one story. The
allowable height and area of anchor buildings greater than three stories in height shall comply
with Section 503, as modified by Sections 504 and 506.
The building area and building height of any parking garage, open
or enclosed, shall be based on the type of construction as required by Sections 406.5 and
406.6, respectively.
Fire-resistance-rated separation is not
required between tenant spaces and the mall. Fire-resistance-rated separation is not required
between a food court and adjacent tenant spaces or the mall.
Each tenant space shall be separated from other tenant spaces
by a fire partition complying with Section 708. A tenant separation wall is not required
between any tenant space and the mall.
An anchor building shall be separated from the
covered or open mall building by fire walls complying with Section 706.
Exceptions:
- Anchor buildings of not more than three stories above grade that have an occupancy classification of the same uses permitted as tenants of the covered mall building shall be separated by 2-hour fire-resistance-rated fire barriers complying with Section 707. Openings between such buildings and the mall need not be protected.
- The exterior walls of anchor buildings separated from an open mall building by an open mall shall comply with Table 602.
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An attached garage for the storage of passenger vehicles having a capacity of not more than nine persons and open parking garages shall be considered as a separate building where it is separated from the covered or open mall building or anchor building by not less than 2-hour fire barriers constructed in accordance with Section 707 or horizontal assemblies constructed in accordance with Section 711, or both.
Parking garages, open or enclosed, which are separated from covered mall buildings, open mall buildings or anchor buildings, shall comply with the provisions of Table 602.
Pedestrian walkways and tunnels that connect garages to the mall buildings or anchor buildings shall be constructed in accordance with Section 3104.
Floor assemblies in, and roof assemblies over, the open mall of
an open mall building shall be open to the atmosphere for not less than 20 feet (9096 mm),
measured perpendicular from the face of the tenant spaces on the lowest level, from edge of
balcony to edge of balcony on upper floors and from edge of roof line to edge of roof line. The
openings within, or the unroofed area of, an open mall shall extend from the lowest/grade level
of the open mall through the entire roof assembly. Balconies on upper levels of the mall shall not
project into the required width of the opening.
Pedestrian walkways connecting balconies in an open mall
shall be located not less than 20 feet (9096 mm) from any other pedestrian walkway.
Covered and open mall
buildings and buildings connected shall be equipped throughout with an automatic
sprinkler system in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1, which shall comply with all of the
following:
- The automatic sprinkler system shall be complete and operative throughout occupied space in the mall building prior to occupancy of any of the tenant spaces. Unoccupied tenant spaces shall be similarly protected unless provided with approved alternative protection.
- Sprinkler protection for the mall of a covered mall building shall be controlled independently from that provided for tenant spaces or anchor buildings.
- Sprinkler protection for the tenant spaces of an open mall building shall be controlled independently from that provided for anchor buildings.
- Sprinkler protection shall be provided beneath exterior circulation balconies located adjacent to an open mall.
- Where tenant spaces are supplied by the same system, they shall be independently controlled.
Exception:
An automatic sprinkler system shall not be required in spaces or areas of open parking
garages separated from the covered or open mall building in accordance with Section 402.4.2.3
and constructed in accordance with Section 406.5.
Interior finishes within the mall and installations within the
mall shall comply with Sections 402.6.1 through 402.6.4.
Interior wall and ceiling finishes within the mall of a covered mall
building and within the exits of covered or open mall buildings shall have a minimum flame
spread index and smoke-developed index of Class B in accordance with Chapter 8. Interior floor
finishes shall meet the requirements of Section 804.
Kiosks and similar structures (temporary or permanent) located within the mall of a covered mall building or within the perimeter line of an open mall building shall meet the following requirements:
- Combustible kiosks or other similar structures shall not be located within a covered or open mall unless constructed of any of the following materials:
- Fire-retardant-treated wood complying with Section 2303.2.
- Foam plastics having a maximum heat release rate not greater than 100 kW (105 Btu/h) when tested in accordance with the exhibit booth protocol in UL 1975 or when tested in accordance with NFPA 289 using the 20 kW ignition source.
- Aluminum composite material (ACM) having a flame spread index of not more than 25 and a smoke-developed index of not more than 450 when tested as an assembly in the maximum thickness intended for use in accordance with ASTM E 84 or UL 723.
- Covered kiosks or similar covered structures located within the covered mall building shall be provided with an approved automatic sprinkler system and detection devices where required by the New York City Fire Code and Section 903.3.3 of this code.
- The horizontal separation between kiosks or groupings thereof and other similar structures within the mall shall be not less than 20 feet (6096 mm).
- Each kiosk or similar structure or groupings thereof shall have an area not greater than 300 square feet (28 m2).
Children's play structures located within the
mall of a covered mall building or within the perimeter line of an open mall building shall comply
with Section 424. The horizontal separation between children's play structures, kiosks and similar
structures within the mall shall be not less than 20 feet (6096 mm).
Plastics other than foam plastics used
in signs shall be lighttransmitting plastics complying with Section 2606.4 or shall have a self-ignition temperature of 650°F (343°C) or greater when tested in
accordance with ASTM D 1929, and a flame spread index not greater than 75 and smoke developed index not greater than 450 when tested in the manner intended for use in accordance
with ASTM E 84 or UL 723 or meet the acceptance criteria of Section 803.1.2.1
when tested in accordance with NFPA 286.
Foam plastics used in signs shall have flame-retardant
characteristics such that the sign has a maximum heat-release rate of 150 kilowatts when tested
in accordance with UL 1975 or when tested in accordance with NFPA 289 using the 20 kW
ignition source, and the foam plastics shall have the physical characteristics specified in this
section. Foam plastics used in signs installed in accordance with Section 402.6.4
shall not be required to comply with the flame spread and smoke-developed indices
specified in Section 2603.3.
Covered and open mall buildings, anchor buildings and associated
parking garages shall be provided with emergency systems complying with Sections 402.7.1 through
402.7.5.
Covered and open mall buildings shall be equipped throughout with
a standpipe system as required by Section 905.3.3.
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Where a covered mall building contains an atrium, a smoke control
system shall be provided in accordance with Section 404.5.
Covered mall buildings greater than 50,000 square feet (4645 m2) in
area and open mall buildings greater than 50,000 square feet (4645 m2) within the established
perimeter line shall be provided with emergency power that is capable of operating the emergency
voice/alarm communication system in accordance with Section 2702.
Where the total floor area is greater
than 50,000 square feet (4645 m2) within either a covered mall building or within the perimeter
line of an open mall building, an emergency voice/alarm communication system shall be
provided.
Rooms or areas containing controls for
air-conditioning systems, automatic fire-extinguishing systems, automatic sprinkler systems or
other detection, suppression or control elements shall be identified for use by the Fire Department.
Covered mall buildings, open mall buildings and each tenant space within a
mall building shall be provided with means of egress as required by this section and this code. Where
there is a conflict between the requirements of this code and the requirements of Sections 402.8.1
through 402.8.8, the requirements of Sections 402.8.1 through 402.8.8 shall apply.
For the purpose of providing required egress, malls are permitted to be
considered as corridors but need not comply with the requirements of Section 1005.1 of this code
where the width of the mall is as specified in this section.
The aggregate clear egress width of the mall in either a covered
or open mall building shall be not less than 20 feet (6096 mm). The mall width shall be
sufficient to accommodate the occupant load served. No portion of the minimum required
aggregate egress width shall be less than 10 feet (3048 mm) measured to a height of 8 feet
(2438 mm) between any projection of a tenant space bordering the mall and the nearest kiosk,
vending machine, bench, display opening, food court or other obstruction to means of egress
travel.
The calculated occupant load used to determine the required number of
means of egress shall be in accordance with this section.
The occupant load permitted in any individual
tenant space in a covered mall building shall be determined in accordance with Chapter 10.
Means of egress requirements for individual tenant spaces shall be based on the occupant
load thus determined.
In determining required means of egress of the mall, the
total occupant load in the mall shall include the occupant load attributed to the mall as
determined by Section 402.8.2.3, plus the occupant load of the food court as determined by
Section 402.8.2.5, if any.
To determine the occupant load attributed to the mall, the
gross leasable area (square feet), excluding any food court and anchor buildings, shall be
divided by the occupant load factor (OLF) value determined by Equation 4-1.
OLF = (0.00007)(GLA) + 25 (Equation 4-1)
where:
| OLF | = | The occupant load factor (square feet per person). |
| GLA | = | The gross leasable area (square feet). |
Exception:
Tenant spaces attached to a covered mall building but with a means of egress
system that is totally independent of the covered mall building shall not be considered as
gross leasable area for determining the required means of egress for the covered mall
building.
The occupant load factor (OLF) is not required to be less than 30 and
shall not exceed 50.
The occupant load of a food court shall be determined in accordance
with Section 1004 and shall be added to the occupant load of the mall.
The occupant load of anchor buildings opening into the mall
shall not be included in computing the total number of occupants for the covered mall
building.
The required number of means of egress shall be
determined in accordance with this section.
Wherever the distance of travel to
the mall from any location within a tenant space used by persons other than employees exceeds
75 feet (22 860 mm) or the tenant space exceeds an occupant load of 74, no fewer than two means
of egress shall be provided.
The number of means of egress from the
mall shall be determined in accordance with Chapter 10 and shall be based upon an occupant
load calculated in accordance with Section 402.8.2.
Means of egress shall be arranged in accordance with
this section.
Required means of egress for anchor buildings
shall be provided independently from the mall means of egress system. The occupant load of
anchor buildings opening into the mall shall not be included in determining means of egress
requirements for the mall. The path of egress travel of malls shall not exit through anchor
buildings. Malls terminating at an anchor building where no other means of egress has been
provided shall be considered as a dead-end mall.
Where more than one
means of egress is required from an individual tenant space as determined by Chapter 10, not
more than 50 percent of the occupant load shall discharge into the mall.
Assembly occupancies with an occupant load of 500
or more shall be so located in the covered mall building such that their entrance will be
immediately adjacent to a principal entrance to the mall and shall have not less than one-half
of their required means of egress opening directly to the exterior of the covered mall building.
Within each individual tenant space in a covered or open mall building,
the distance of travel from any point to an exit or entrance to the mall shall be not greater than
200 feet (60 960 mm).
The distance of travel from any point within a mall of a covered mall building to an exit shall
be not greater than 200 feet (60 960 mm). The maximum distance of travel from any point within
an open mall to the perimeter line of the open mall building shall be not greater than 200 feet (60
960 mm).
Where more than one exit is required, they shall be so arranged that it is
possible to travel in either direction from any point in a mall of a covered mall building to separate
exits or from any point in an open mall of an open mall building to two separate locations on the
perimeter line, provided neither location is an exterior wall of an anchor building or parking
garage. The width of an exit passageway or corridor from a mall shall be not less than 66 inches
(1676 mm).
Where exit passageway enclosures provide a
secondary means of egress from a tenant space, doors to the exit passageway enclosures shall
be minimum 1-hour fire doors with panic hardware. Such doors shall be self-closing and be
so maintained or shall be automatic closing by smoke detection.
Mechanical rooms, electrical rooms,
building service areas and service elevators are permitted to open directly into exit passageways
provided that the exit passageway is separated from such rooms by fire barriers providing the
same fire-resistance rating as required for the exit passageway. Door swings from these rooms
shall not project into the minimum width of such exit passageways.
Horizontal sliding or vertical security grilles or doors that are
a part of a required means of egress shall conform to the following:
- Doors and grilles shall remain in the full open position during the period of occupancy by the general public.
- Doors or grilles shall not be brought to the closed position when there are 10 or more persons occupying spaces served by a single exit or 50 or more persons occupying spaces served by more than one exit.
- The doors or grilles shall be openable from within without the use of any special knowledge or effort where the space is occupied.
- Where two or more exits are required, not more than one-half of the exits shall be permitted to include either a horizontal sliding or vertical rolling grille or door.
High-rise buildings shall comply with Sections 403.2 through 403.8.
Exception: The provisions of Sections 403.2 through 403.8 shall not apply to the following buildings and structures:
- Air traffic control towers in accordance with Section 412.3.
- Buildings occupied entirely by Group R-3 classification.
- Open parking garages in accordance with Section 406.5.
- The portion of a building containing a Group A-5 occupancy in accordance with Section 303.6.
- Special industrial occupancies in accordance with Section 503.1.1.
- Buildings with:
- A Group H-1 occupancy;
- A Group H-2 occupancy in accordance with Section 415.8, 415.9.2, 415.9.3 or 426.1; or
- A Group H-3 occupancy in accordance with Section 415.8.
The construction of high-rise buildings shall comply with the provisions of Sections 403.2.1 through 403.2.4.
The following modifications to the minimum fire-resistance rating of the building elements in Table 601 shall be as follows:
- High rise buildings 420 feet (128 m) or greater in building height shall be constructed of Type IA construction.
- For high rise buildings not greater than 420 feet (128 m) in building height, and constructed to meet the fire-resistance rating requirements of Type IB or IIA construction, the required fire-resistance rating of columns supporting floors shall be constructed to meet Type IA construction.
For seismic considerations, see Chapter 16.
For all high-rise buildings, exit enclosures for interior exit stairways and elevator hoistway enclosures shall comply with Sections 403.2.3.1 through 403.2.3.4.
Exception: Where fire-resistance rating is not required by this code for the enclosure or portions thereof.
The face of the wall assemblies making up the
enclosures for interior exit stairways and elevator hoistway enclosures that are not exposed to
the interior of the enclosures for interior exit stairways or elevator hoistway
enclosure shall be constructed in accordance with one of the following methods:
- The wall assembly shall incorporate no fewer than two layers of impact resistant construction board each of which meets or exceeds Hard Body Impact Classification Level 2 as measured by the test method described in ASTM C 1629/C 1629M
- The wall assembly shall incorporate no fewer than one layer of impact resistant construction material that meets or exceeds Hard Body Impact Classification Level 3 as measured by the test method described in ASTM C 1629/C 1629M.
- The wall assembly incorporates multiple layers of any material, tested in tandem, that meets or exceeds Hard Body Impact Classification Level 3 as measured by the test method described in ASTM C 1629/C 1629M.
The bond strength of the SFRM installed throughout the building shall be in accordance with Table 403.2.4.
| HEIGHT OF BUILDINGa | SFRM MINIMUM BOND STRENGTH |
| Up to 420 feet | 430 psf |
| Greater than 420 feet | 1,000 psf |
| For SI: 1 foot = 304.8 mm, 1 pound per square foot (psf) = 0.0479 kW/m2. |
| a. Above the lowest level of fire department vehicle access. |
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Buildings and structures shall be equipped throughout with an
automatic sprinkler system in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1 and a secondary water supply
where required by Section 403.3.3.
Each sprinkler system zone in buildings
that are more than 300 feet (91 440 mm) in building height shall be supplied by no fewer than two risers. Each riser shall supply sprinklers on alternate floors. If
more than two risers are provided for a zone, sprinklers on adjacent floors shall not be supplied
from the same riser.
Sprinkler risers shall be placed in interior exit
stairways and ramps that are remotely located in accordance with Section 1007.1.
Required fire pumps shall be provided with water
supplies in accordance with Section 905.2 and NFPA 14 as modified by Appendix Q of this code.
A secondary on-site water supply equal to the
hydraulically calculated sprinkler demand, including the hose stream requirement, shall be
provided for high-rise buildings in Seismic Design Category C or D as determined by this code,
and in any high-rise building with occupied floors located more than 500 feet (152 m) above the
lowest level of fire department vehicle access. The secondary on-site water supply shall have a
duration of not less than 30 minutes as determined by the occupancy hazard classification in
accordance with NFPA 13 as modified by Appendix Q of this code.
Fire pumps shall be located in rooms protected in accordance with
Section 913.2.1.
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The detection, alarm and emergency systems of high-rise buildings shall comply with Sections 403.4.1 through 403.4.8.
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Smoke detection shall be provided in accordance with Section 907.2.13.1.
A fire alarm system shall be provided in accordance with Section 907.2.13.
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An emergency voice/alarm communication system shall be provided in accordance with Section 907.5.2.2.
Emergency responder radio coverage shall be provided in accordance with the New York City Fire Code and Section 907.2.13.2 of this code.
A fire command center complying with Section 911 shall be provided in a location approved by the Fire Department.
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A post-fire smoke purge system shall be installed in accordance with Section 917.
A standby power system complying with
28 Section 2702 and Section 3003 shall be provided for the standby power loads specified in Section 403.4.8.3. An emergency power system complying with Section
30 2702 shall be provided for the emergency power loads specified in Section 403.4.8.4.
If the standby or emergency power system includes a generator set inside a building, the system shall be located in a separate room in accordance with Section 2702.1.2.2.
Fuel lines supplying a generator set inside a building
shall comply with Section 1305.9 of the New York City Mechanical Code
A standby power system complying with Section 2702
shall be provided for standby power loads specified in Sections 403.4.8.3.1 and 403.4.8.3.2.
Fuel sources for generators shall be in accordance with Section 2702.1.1.
In buildings of any occupancy group other than Group R-2, the following are classified as standby power loads:
- Power and lighting for fire command center required by Section 403.4.6;
- Ventilation and automatic fire detection equipment for smokeproof enclosures;
- Elevators, in accordance with Section 3003; and
- Stair pressurization systems when provided.
Group R-2
occupancies in buildings greater than 125 feet (38 100 mm) in height shall be required to
provide a standby power system to support the following loads:
- Power and lighting for fire command center required by Section 403.4.6;
- Ventilation and automatic fire detection equipment for smokeproof enclosures;
- At least one elevator serving all floors, or one elevator per bank where different banks serve different portions of the building; and
- Stair pressurization systems when provided.
An emergency power system complying
with Section 2702 shall be provided for emergency power loads specified in Sections
403.4.8.4.1 and 403.4.8.4.3. Fuel sources for generators shall be in
accordance with Section 2702.1.1.
In buildings of any occupancy group other than Group R-2, the following are classified as emergency power loads:
- Exit signs and means of egress illumination required by Chapter 10;
- Elevator car lighting;
- Emergency voice/alarm communications systems, including Fire Department in-building Auxiliary Radio Communication systems (ARCs);
- Automatic fire detection systems;
- Fire alarm systems; and
- Electrically powered fire pumps, including manual fire pumps, automatic fire pumps, and sprinkler booster pumps.
Group R-2 occupancies in buildings greater than 125 feet (38 100 mm) in height shall be required to provide an emergency power system to support the following loads:
- Exit signs and means of egress illumination required by Chapter 10;
- Emergency voice communications systems, including Fire Department in building Auxiliary Radio Communication systems (ARCs); and
- Electrically powered fire pumps, unless electrical power to the motor is taken ahead of the main from the street side of the house service switch.
Group R-2 occupancies in buildings 125 feet (38 100 mm) or less in height shall
be required to provide an emergency power system to support the following loads:
- Emergency voice communications systems in buildings containing Group R-2 occupancies in accordance with Section 907.5.2.2 of this code, or where otherwise provided. Batteries in accordance with the New York City Electrical Code are permitted to serve as the secondary power supply for such systems.
- Fire Department in-building Auxiliary Radio Communication systems (ARCs) in buildings containing Group R-2 occupancies in accordance with Section 916.3 of this code, or where otherwise provided. Batteries in accordance with the New York City Electrical Code are permitted to serve as the secondary power supply for such systems.
Required
interior exit stairways shall be separated by a distance not less than 30 feet
(9144 mm) or not less than 1/4 of the length of the maximum overall diagonal
dimension of the building or area to be served, whichever is less. The distance shall be measured
in a straight line between the nearest points of the enclosure surrounding the interior exit stairways. In buildings with three or more interior exit
stairways, no fewer than two of the interior exit stairways shall comply with
this section. Stairs sharing any common wall, floors, ceilings, scissor stair assemblies, or other
enclosures shall be counted as one interior exit stairway.
Exception:
Group R-2 occupancies.
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For buildings other than Group R-2 that are more than 420 feet (128 m) in building height, one additional exit stairway meeting the requirements of Sections 1011 and 1023 shall be provided in addition to the minimum number of exits required by Section 1006.3 The total width of any combination of remaining exit stairways with one exit stairway removed shall not be less than the total width required by Section 1005.1. Stairs sharing any common wall, floors, ceilings, scissor stair assemblies, or other enclosures shall not be considered the additional exit stairway required by this section.
Exceptions: An additional exit stairway shall not be required to be installed in any of the following instances:
- In buildings where all passenger elevators for general public use and all other elevators used for occupant self-evacuation comply with Sections 3008.1 through 3008.11;
- In buildings where all of the following conditions are met:
- The commissioner has approved a timed egress analysis establishing the egress time it would take for a full building evacuation, utilizing the stairs required by Section 1006 and the additional stair that would have been required pursuant to Section 403.5.2;
- The commissioner has approved a timed egress analysis establishing the egress time it would take for a full building evacuation, utilizing the combination of the stairs required by Section 1006 and elevators used for occupant self-evacuation as follows:
- Such analysis need only utilize a number of designated elevators designed for occupant self-evacuation necessary to demonstrate an evacuation time that is less than the time established in Exception 2.1; and
- Every bank of passenger elevators for general public use shall be served by at least one such designated elevator;
- All elevators in the building that either are passenger elevators for general public use or are used for occupant self-evacuation shall comply with Sections 3008.1 through 3008.11. However, the standby power generating equipment required by Section 3008.9 need only be sized to satisfy the loads required to simultaneously operate those elevators identified in the timed egress analysis described in Exception 2.2.
The minimum number of exits required by Section 1006 are all at least 25 percent wider than the exit width required by Chapter 10. The increase in the stair width shall not be utilized in the timed egress analyses required by Exceptions 2.1 and 2.2.
Doors opening into interior stair enclosures shall not be locked from either side. However, a door locked from the stair side may be permitted provided that such door is equipped with an automatic fail safe system for opening in the event of the activation of any automatic fire detection system, or when any elevator recall is activated, or when any signal is received from the fire command center. Such door shall be deemed as openable from the stair side. Stair reentry signs shall be posted throughout the stairway indicating that reentry is provided only during fire emergencies. Such signs shall be in accordance with Section 1031.4.2.
Exception:
In schools classified as Group E occupancies that require "lockdown drills" as per
Section 807 of the New York State Education Law, stairway egress doors from occupied
spaces are permitted to be locked from the side opposite the egress side for the duration of the
lockdown drill, provided they are openable from the occupied side for egress and are unlocked
upon directions from the school administrative personnel following the completion of the
lockdown drill.
A telephone or other two-way communications system connected to an approved constantly attended station shall be provided at not less than every fifth floor in each stairway where the doors to the stairway are locked in accordance with Section 403.5.3.
Every required interior exit stairway serving floors more than 75 feet (22 860 mm) above the lowest level of fire department vehicle access shall comply with Sections 909.20 and 1023.11.
Exception: Smokeproof enclosures are not required in occupancy Group R-2 unless provided pursuant to Exception 2 of Section 917.1.
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Luminous egress path markings shall be provided in accordance with Section 1025 and Appendix S.
Exception: Egress paths serving Group R-2.
Exception: Egress paths serving Group R-2.
Emergency escape and rescue openings
specified in Section 1030 are not required.
Elevator installation and operation in high-rise buildings shall comply with Chapter 30 and Sections 403.6.1 and 403.6.2.
In buildings with an occupied floor more than 120 feet (36 576 mm) above the lowest level of fire department vehicle access, a minimum of one fire service access elevator shall be provided in accordance with Section 3007.
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Where installed in accordance with Section 3008, passenger elevators for general public use shall be permitted to be used for occupant self-evacuation.
For high-rise buildings, outdoor air intakes serving spaces above the second story and serving spaces greater than 10,000 square feet (929 m2) of floor area shall be located in accordance with Section 401.5 of the New York City Mechanical Code.
Exception: Group R-2 occupancy.
Exception: Group R-2 occupancy.
The use of open web steel joists shall be prohibited in high-rise buildings until the commissioner promulgates rules establishing minimum acceptable fireproofing methods.
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The floor of the atrium shall not be used for other than low fire hazard uses, and only approved materials and decorations in accordance with the New York City Fire Code shall be used in the atrium space.
Exception: The atrium floor area is permitted to be used for any approved use where the individual space is provided with an automatic sprinkler system in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1.
Exception: The atrium floor area is permitted to be used for any approved use where the individual space is provided with an automatic sprinkler system in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1.
An approved automatic sprinkler system shall be installed throughout the entire building.
Exceptions:
Exceptions:
- That area of a building adjacent to or above the atrium need not be sprinklered provided that portion of the building is separated from the atrium portion by not less than 2-hour fire barriers constructed in accordance with Section 707 or horizontal assemblies constructed in accordance with Section 711 or both.
- Where the ceiling of the atrium is more than 55 feet (16 764 mm) above the floor, sprinkler protection at the ceiling of the atrium is not required.
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A fire alarm system shall be provided in accordance with Section 907.2.14.
A smoke control system shall be installed in accordance with Section 909.
Exception:
In other than Groups I-1 and I-2, and covered mall buildings containing an atrium
pursuant to Section 402.7.2, smoke control is not required for atriums that connect only two
stories.
Atrium spaces shall be separated from adjacent spaces by a 1-hour fire barrier constructed in accordance with Section 707 or a horizontal assembly constructed in accordance with Section 711, or both.
Exceptions:
- A fire barrier is not required where a glass or glass-block wall forming a smoke partition is provided. The glass or glass-block wall shall comply with all of the following:
- Automatic sprinklers are provided along both sides of the separation wall and doors, or on the room side only if there is not a walkway on the atrium side. The sprinklers shall be located between 4 inches and 12 inches (102 mm and 305 mm) away from the glass and at intervals along the glass not greater than 6 feet (1829 mm). The sprinkler system shall be designed so that the entire surface of the glass is wet upon activation of the sprinkler system without obstruction;
- The glass wall shall be installed in a gasketed frame in a manner that the framing system deflects without breaking (loading) the glass before the sprinkler system operates; and
- Where glass doors are provided in the glass wall, they shall be either self-closing or automatic-closing.
- The adjacent spaces of any three floors of the atrium shall not be required to be separated from the atrium where such spaces are accounted for in the design of the smoke control system.
Equipment required to provide smoke control shall be
provided with standby power in accordance with Section 909.11.
The interior finish of walls and ceilings of the atrium shall be not less than Class B with no reduction in class for sprinkler protection.
Exit access travel distance for areas
open to an atrium shall comply with the requirements of this section.
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Where required access to the exits is not through the
atrium, exit access travel distance shall comply with Section 1017.
Where the path of egress travel
is through an atrium space, exit access travel distance at the level of exit discharge shall be
determined in accordance with Section 1017.
Where the path of
egress travel is not at the level of exit discharge from the atrium, that portion of the total permitted
exit access travel distance that occurs within the atrium shall be not greater than 200 feet (60 960
mm).
A maximum of 50 percent of interior exit stairways are permitted to
egress through an atrium on the level of exit discharge in accordance with Section 1028.
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The provisions of Sections 405.2 through 405.9 apply to building spaces having a floor level used for human occupancy more than 30 feet (9144 mm) below the finished floor of the lowest level of exit discharge.
Exceptions: The provisions of Section 405 are not applicable to the following buildings or portions of buildings:
- One- and two-family dwellings, sprinklered in accordance with Section 903.3.1.3.
- Parking garages provided with automatic sprinkler systems in compliance with Section 405.3.
- Fixed guideway transit systems.
- Grandstands, bleachers, stadiums, arenas and similar facilities.
- Where the lowest story is the only story that would qualify the building as an underground building and has an area not greater than 1,500 square feet (139 m2) and has an occupant load less than 10.
- Pumping stations and other similar mechanical spaces intended only for limited periodic use by service or maintenance personnel.
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The underground portion of the building shall be of Type I construction.
The highest level of exit discharge serving the underground portions of the building and all levels below shall be equipped with an automatic sprinkler system installed in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1. Water-flow switches and control valves shall be supervised in accordance with Section 903.4.
A building having a floor level more than 60 feet (18 288 mm) below the finished floor of the lowest level of exit discharge shall be divided into no fewer than two compartments of approximately equal size. Such compartmentation shall extend through the highest level of exit discharge serving the underground portions of the building and all levels below.
Exception: The lowest story need not be compartmented where the area is not greater than 1,500 square feet (139 m2) and has an occupant load of less than 10.
The separation between the two compartments shall be of
minimum 2-hour fire barrier wall construction that shall extend from floor slab to floor deck
above. Penetrations between the two compartments shall be limited to plumbing and electrical
piping and conduit that are firestopped in accordance with Section 714. Doorways shall be
protected by fire door assemblies that are automatic-closing by smoke detection in accordance
with Section 716.5.9.3 and are installed in accordance with NFPA 105 and Section
716.5.3 of this code. Where provided, each compartment shall have an air supply and
an exhaust system independent of the other compartments.
Where elevators are provided, each compartment shall have direct access to an elevator. Where an elevator serves more than one compartment, an elevator lobby shall be provided and shall be separated from each compartment by a 2-hour fire barrier. Doors shall be gasketed, have a drop sill, and be automatic-closing by smoke detection in accordance with Section 716.5.9.3.
A smoke control system is required to control the migration of products of combustion in accordance with Section 909 and the provisions of this section. Smoke control shall restrict movement of smoke to the general area of fire origin and maintain means of egress in a usable condition.
Each floor level shall be provided with no fewer than
two exits. Where compartmentation is required by Section 405.4, each compartment shall have no fewer than one exit and shall also have no fewer than one exit access
doorway into the adjoining compartment.
Every required stairway serving floor levels more than 30 feet (9144 mm) below its level of exit discharge shall comply with the requirements for a smokeproof enclosure as provided in Section 1023.11.
A standby power system complying with Section 2702 shall
be provided for the standby power loads specified in Section 405.8.1. An emergency power system
complying with Section 2702 shall be provided for the emergency power loads specified in Section
405.8.2.
The following loads are classified as standby power loads:
- Smoke control system.
- Ventilation and automatic fire detection equipment for smokeproof enclosures.
- Fire pumps.
- Elevators, as required in Section 3003; and
- Stair pressurization systems when provided.
The following loads are classified as emergency
power loads:
- Emergency voice/alarm communications systems, including Fire Department in-building Auxiliary Radio Communication systems (ARCs) provided where required or installed voluntarily in accordance with Section 916;
- Fire alarm systems;
- Automatic fire detection systems;
- Elevator car lighting; and
- Means of egress and exit sign illumination as required by Chapter 10.
The underground building shall be equipped throughout with a standpipe system in accordance with Section 905.
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Motor-vehicle-related occupancies shall comply
with Sections 406.1 through 406.8.
The following terms are defined in Chapter 2:
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In private garages and carports, the clear height in vehicle and pedestrian
traffic areas shall be not less than 7 feet (2134 mm). Vehicle and pedestrian areas accommodating
van-accessible parking shall comply with Section 1106.5.
Private garage and carport floors shall be of concrete or
equivalent noncombustible material that will not absorb flammable liquids. The area of floor
used for parking of vehicles shall be sloped to facilitate the movement of liquids to a drain. The
sills of all door openings connecting a dwelling unit to a private garage shall be raised at least 4
inches (102 mm) above the floor level of the garage.
Ramps shall have a gradient not exceeding one in seven, with
nonslip surfaces, and shall be located entirely within the property line. However, upon
application to the commissioner, steeper gradients may be accepted, but in no event greater
than one in three.
Separations shall comply with the following:
- The private garage shall be separated from the dwelling unit and its attic area by means of a minimum 1-hour fire-rated construction. Garages beneath habitable rooms shall be separated from all habitable rooms above by not less than 1-hour fire-rated construction. Openings from a private garage directly into a room used for sleeping purposes shall not be permitted.
- No air used for heating, cooling or ventilation shall be circulated through private garages to dwelling areas.
- A separation is not required between a Group R-3 occupancy and a carport, provided the carport does not have any enclosed areas above.
- For free standing private garages where the fire separation distance from the nearest exterior wall is less than 5 feet (1524 mm), such exterior walls shall have a fire-resistance rating not less than one hour.
Automatic garage door openers, where
provided, shall be listed in accordance with UL 325.
Parking garages, other than private parking garages, shall be classified as
public parking garages and shall comply with the provisions of Sections 406.4.2 through 406.4.10
and shall be classified as either an open parking garage or an enclosed parking garage. Open parking garages shall also comply with Section 406.5.
Enclosed parking garages shall also comply with Section 406.6. See Section 510 for special provisions for parking garages.
The clear height of each floor level in vehicle and pedestrian traffic areas shall be not less than 7 feet (2134 mm). Vehicle and pedestrian areas accommodating van-accessible parking shall comply with Section 1106.5.
Guards shall be provided in accordance with Section 1015.
Guards serving as vehicle barrier systems shall comply with Sections 406.4.3 and
1015.
Vehicle barriers not less than 2 feet
9 inches (835 mm) in height shall be placed where the vertical distance from the floor of a drive lane or parking space to the ground or surface directly below is greater than 1 foot (305 mm). Vehicle
barriers shall comply with the loading requirements of Section 1607.9.
Exception:
Vehicle barriers are not required in vehicle storage compartments in a mechanical
access parking garage.
Ramps shall have a gradient not exceeding one in seven, with nonslip
surfaces. A level landing having a minimum dimension of 20 feet (6096 mm) shall be provided
at the discharge point of all ramps at the street level, within the property line. Ramps used for the
movement of motor vehicles need not be enclosed when serving tiers above grade. Vehicle ramps
may serve as part of a means of egress in accordance with Section 1006.4.
Parking surfaces shall be of concrete or similar noncombustible
and nonabsorbent materials:
The area of floor used for parking of vehicles shall be sloped to facilitate the movement of
liquids to a drain.
Exceptions:
- Asphalt parking surfaces shall be permitted at ground level.
- Floors of Group S-2 parking garages shall not be required to have a sloped surface.
Parking garages shall be separated from other occupancies in
accordance with Section 508.1.
Connection of a parking
garage with any room in which there is a fuel-fired appliance shall be by means of a vestibule
providing a two-doorway separation. Such vestibule and doorway shall be minimum 1-hour rated
construction.
Exception:
A single door shall be allowed
provided the sources of ignition in the appliance are not less than 18 inches (457
mm) above the floor.
Openings from a parking garage directly into a room used
for sleeping purposes shall not be permitted.
In any parking garage or lot, one or more aisles, at least
24 inches (610 mm) in width, shall be provided to permit access by fire-fighting personnel to all
parts of the garage or lot. There shall not be more than three rows of parked motor vehicles
between aisles.
Parking garages shall be capable of supporting electrical vehicle charging stations in accordance with this section. Electrical raceway to the electrical supply panel serving the garage shall be capable of providing a minimum of 3.1 kW of electrical capacity to at least 20 percent of the parking spaces of the garage. The electrical room supplying the garage must have the physical space for an electrical supply panel sufficient to provide 3.1 kW of electrical capacity to at least 20 percent of the parking spaces of the garage. Such raceway and all components and work appurtenant thereto shall be in accordance with the New York City Electrical Code.
Exceptions:
- The provisions of this section shall not apply to parking garages for buildings of Occupancy Group M (Mercantile).
- The commissioner may waive compliance with this section if the commissioner determines that the parking garage is a temporary facility that will be in service no longer than three years.
- The provisions of this section shall not apply to parking garages for buildings in which not less than 50 percent of the residential units are for households earning up to 60 percent of the area median income as determined by the United States Department of Housing and Urban Development.
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Open parking garages shall be of Type I, II or IV construction.
Open parking garages shall meet the design requirements of Chapter 16. For vehicle barriers, see Section 406.4.3.
For natural ventilation purposes, the exterior side of the structure
shall have uniformly distributed openings on two or more sides. The area of such openings in
exterior walls on a tier shall be not less than 20 percent of the total perimeter wall
area of each tier. The aggregate length of the openings considered to be providing natural ventilation shall be not less than 40 percent of the perimeter of the tier.
Interior walls shall be not less than 20 percent open with uniformly distributed openings.
Exception:
Openings are not required to be distributed over 40 percent of the building
perimeter where the required openings are uniformly distributed over two opposing sides of
the building.
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Where openings below grade provide required natural
ventilation, the outside horizontal clear space shall be 11/2 times the depth of the opening. The
width of the horizontal clear space shall be maintained from grade down to the bottom of the
lowest required opening.
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Area and height of open parking garages shall be limited as set forth in Chapter 5 for Group S-2 occupancies.
| TYPE OF CONSTRUCTION | AREA PER TIER (square feet) |
HEIGHT (in tiers) | ||
| Ramp access | Mechanical access | |||
| Automatic sprinkler system | ||||
| No | Yes | |||
| IA | Unlimited | Unlimited | Unlimited | Unlimited |
| IB | Unlimited | 12 tiers | 12 tiers | 18 tiers |
| IIA | 50,000 | 10 tiers | 10 tiers | 15 tiers |
| IIB | 50,000 | 8 tiers | 8 tiers | 12 tiers |
| IV | 50,000 | 4 tiers | 4 tiers | 4 tiers |
For SI: 1 square foot = 0.0929 m2.
Where the open parking garage is used exclusively
for the parking or storage of private motor vehicles, with no other uses in the building, the
area and height shall be permitted to comply with Table 406.5.4.
Exception:
The grade-level tier is permitted to contain an office, waiting and toilet rooms
having a total combined area of not more than 1,000 square feet (93 m2). Such area need
not be separated from the open parking garage.
In open parking garages having a spiral or sloping floor, the horizontal projection of the
structure at any cross section shall not exceed the allowable area per parking tier. In the case
of an open parking garage having a continuous spiral floor, each 9 feet 6 inches (2896 mm)
of height, or portion thereof, shall be considered a tier.
The clear height of a parking tier shall be not less than 7 feet (2134 mm), except that
a lower clear height is permitted in mechanical-access open parking garages where approved
by the commissioner.
The allowable area and height of open parking garages shall be increased in accordance with the provisions of this section. Garages with sides open on three-fourths of the building's perimeter are permitted to be increased by 25 percent in area and one tier in height. Garages with sides open around the entire building's perimeter are permitted to be increased by 50 percent in area and one tier in height. For a side to be considered open under the above provisions, the total area of openings along the side shall not be less than 50 percent of the interior area of the side at each tier and such openings shall be equally distributed along the length of the tier. For purposes of calculating the interior area of the side, the height shall not exceed 7 feet (2134 mm).
Allowable tier areas in Table 406.5.4 shall be increased for open parking garages constructed to heights less than the table maximum. The gross tier area of the garage shall not exceed that permitted for the higher structure. No fewer than three sides of each such larger tier shall have continuous horizontal openings not less than 30 inches (762 mm) in clear height extending for not less than 80 percent of the length of the sides and no part of such larger tier shall be more than 200 feet (60 960 mm) horizontally from such an opening. In addition, each such opening shall face a street or yard accessible to a street with a width of not less than 30 feet (9144 mm) for the full length of the opening, and standpipes shall be provided in each such tier.
Open parking garages of Type II construction, with all sides open, shall be unlimited in allowable area where the building height does not exceed 75 feet (22 860 mm). For a side to be considered open, the total area of openings along the side shall be not less than 50 percent of the interior area of the side at each tier and such openings shall be equally distributed along the length of the tier. For purposes of calculating the interior area of the side, the height shall not exceed 7 feet (2134 mm). All portions of tiers shall be within 200 feet (60 960 mm) horizontally from such openings or other natural ventilation openings as defined in Section 406.5.2. These openings shall be permitted to be provided in courts with a minimum dimension of 20 feet (6096 mm) for the full width of the openings.
Exterior walls and openings in exterior walls shall
comply with Tables 601 and 602. The distance from an adjacent property line shall be determined
in accordance with Table 602 and Section 705.
Open parking garages shall meet the means of egress
requirements of Chapter 10. However, where no persons other than parking attendants are
permitted, required exit stairways shall not be less than 36 inches (914 mm) wide.
Standpipes shall be installed where required by the provisions of
Section 905.
Enclosure shall not be required for vertical
openings.
Openings specified in Section 406.5.2 shall satisfy
natural ventilation requirements. Additional mechanical ventilation shall not be required.
The following uses and alterations are not permitted:
- Vehicle repair work.
- Parking of commercial vehicles, buses, trucks and similar vehicles.
- Partial or complete closing of required openings in exterior walls by tarpaulins or any other means.
- Dispensing of fuel.
Parking garages and portions thereof that do not meet the
definition of "Open parking garages" shall be classified as an enclosed parking garage and shall meet
the requirements of this section.
Enclosed parking garages shall be limited to the allowable
heights and areas specified in Chapter 5.
Permitted roof parking shall not be considered as a separate story.
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A mechanical ventilation system shall be provided in accordance
with the New York City Mechanical Code.
Automatic sprinkler systems and standpipes shall be
installed in accordance with the provisions of Section 903. An automatic dry sprinkler system
may be installed in unheated garages.
Motor fuel-dispensing facilities shall be designed and constructed in
accordance with the New York City Fire Code and Sections 406.7.1 through
406.7.3 of this code.
The vehicle shall be fueled on noncoated concrete or other
approved paving material having a resistance not exceeding 1 megohm as determined by the
methodology in CEN 1081.
Canopies under which fuels are dispensed shall have a clear, unobstructed height of not less than 14 feet (4267 mm) to the lowest projecting element in the vehicle drive-through area. Canopies and their supports over pumps shall be of noncombustible materials. However, panels constructed of light-transmitting plastic materials shall be permitted to be installed in canopies erected over motor vehicle fuel-dispensing station fuel dispensers, provided the panels are located not less than 10 feet (3048 mm) from any building on the same property and face yards or streets not less than 40 feet (12 192 mm) in width on the other sides. The aggregate areas of plastics shall be not greater than 1,000 square feet (93 m2). The maximum area of any individual panel shall be not greater than 100 square feet (9.3 m2).
Where
flammable compressed gases are permitted by the New York City Fire Code to be located
on the roof of a canopy that is used to shelter dispensing operations, such canopy shall be
in accordance with the following:
- The canopy shall meet or exceed Type I construction requirements.
- Operations located under canopies shall be limited to refueling only.
- The canopy shall be constructed in a manner that prevents the accumulation of hydrogen gas.
Motor fuel storage tanks shall be installed below ground, except as authorized by the rules of the Fire Department. The installation and venting of storage tanks shall be in accordance with the rules of the Fire Department and the requirements of the New York City Fire Code. Storage tanks installed below ground shall comply with the following:
- The top of the storage tanks shall be at least 24 inches (610 mm) below finished grade and at least 24 inches (610 mm) below the level of any cellar or basement floor within 10 feet (3048 mm) of the tanks.
- Storage tanks shall be located so that the forces from any building foundation and support loads are not transmitted to the tanks. The distance from any part of a storage tank to the nearest wall of any basement, pit or cellar, or from any property line that may be built upon, shall not be less than 36 inches (914 mm).
- Storage tanks shall be covered with a structurally supported reinforced concrete slab at least 8 inches (203 mm) thick, extending at least 12 inches (305 mm) beyond the horizontal outlines of the storage tanks, and placed over a cover of suitable clean backfill material. Such slab shall be designed and reinforced in accordance with ACI 318. All concrete shall have a minimum compressive strength of 4,000 pounds per square inch (27 580 kPa) at 28 days.
- Storage tanks shall be placed on a 12-inch (305 mm) thick concrete base slab or installed in such other manner, secured against flotation, and approved by the department.
Repair garages shall be constructed in accordance with the New York City
Fire Code and Sections 406.8.1 through 406.8.6 of this code. This occupancy
shall not include motor fuel-dispensing facilities, as regulated in Section 406.7.
Mixed uses shall be allowed in the same building as a repair garage
subject to the provisions of Section 508.1.
Repair garages shall be mechanically ventilated in accordance with
the New York City Mechanical Code. The ventilation system shall be controlled at the entrance to
the garage.
Repair garage floors shall be of concrete or similar
noncombustible and nonabsorbent materials.
Exception:
Slip-resistant, nonabsorbent, interior floor finishes having a critical radiant flux
not more than 0.45 W/cm2, as determined by NFPA 253, shall be permitted.
Heating equipment shall be installed in accordance with
the New York City Mechanical Code.
Repair garages used for the repair of vehicles fueled by
CNG, LNG, or hydrogen, shall be provided with an approved flammable gas-detection system.
The flammable gas-detection system shall be listed or
approved and shall be calibrated to the types of fuels or gases used by vehicles to be repaired.
The gas detection system shall be designed to activate when the level of flammable gas
exceeds 25 percent of the lower flammable limit (LFL). Gas detection shall
be provided in lubrication or chassis service pits of repair garages used for repairing
nonodorized LNG-fueled vehicles.
Gas detection system control units shall
be listed and labeled in accordance with UL 864 or UL 2017. Gas detectors shall be listed
and labeled in accordance with UL 2075 for use with the gases and vapors being detected.
Activation of the gas detection system shall result in all of
the following:
- Initiation of distinct audible and visual alarm signals in the repair garage.
- Deactivation of all heating systems located in the repair garage.
- Activation of the mechanical ventilation and exhaust system, where the system is interlocked with gas detection.
Failure of the gas detection system
shall result in the deactivation of the heating system, activation of the mechanical ventilation
system where the system is interlocked with the gas detection system
and cause a trouble signal to sound in an approved location.
A repair garage shall be equipped with an automatic
sprinkler system in accordance with Section 903.2.4.2.
The provisions of this section shall govern the construction of open parking
lots and to all such existing premises hereafter enlarged or changed in location.
The following term is defined in Chapter 2:
Any premise intended to be occupied for the storage or sale
of motor vehicles on an open parking lot shall require an application to be filed with the
department in order to obtain a Certificate of Occupancy. Such Certificate of Occupancy shall
indicate the maximum number of vehicles to be accommodated and the type of vehicle, whether
private passenger or commercial, to be stored. An application for or including an open parking
lot shall be accompanied by a plan exhibiting the following:
- Dimensions of the lot and its location in relation to adjoining streets;
- Any structure(s) existing or to be erected on the plot;
- The relative elevations of the parking area, curbs and adjoining yards or courts;
- Structures, retaining walls, and open spaces on adjoining premises;
- Retaining walls to be built;
- Location and dimensions of curb cuts, driveways, and enclosures;
- Drainage diagram;
- Specification of surfacing material;
- Parking stall layout with dimensions;
- Analysis exhibiting compliance with the New York City Zoning Resolution; and
- Other information as may be requested by the commissioner.
A copy of the plan or diagram approved by the department shall be kept on the premises.
Certified, reduced size, legible copies may be used for this purpose. When an attendant's shelter
is provided on the parking lot, the Certificate of Occupancy issued shall be posted and maintained
under glass in the shelter.
All vehicular activities associated with the operation of
open parking lots shall be entirely within the property lines of the premises. Vehicles shall not
be permitted to encroach upon the sidewalks. No motor vehicle may be stored or parked in any
location where it would obstruct a required window or required exit of any adjacent building.
Open parking lots shall be graded and maintained such that
no drainage will flow onto abutting sidewalks and adjoining properties.
Where the surface paving of an open parking lot
is nonporous, such lot shall be drained as required by the New York City Plumbing Code.
Resurfacing of existing open parking lots shall comply
with this section.
Open parking lots shall be completely separated from
adjoining premises and public sidewalks by curbs or bumpers of concrete, masonry, steel, heavy
timber, or other similar and equally substantial materials, and shall be securely anchored so as to
stop motor vehicles. Curbs and bumpers shall be at least 8 inches (203 mm) high and 8 inches
(203 mm) wide.
Openings in required perimeter curbs and bumpers shall
be permitted only for drainage, for motor vehicle entrances and exits, and for pedestrian
entrances and exits. The width of an opening for motor vehicle access shall not exceed the length of the curb cut, not including the lengths of the splays. When an opening for
pedestrian access is adjacent to a motor vehicle access opening, the two openings shall be
separated by a permanent and substantial post. In no case shall any pedestrian entrance or
exit exceed 5 feet (1524 mm) in width.
Parking lot offices, attendant shelters,
storage facilities, and similar structures used in conjunction with open parking lots may be
provided as an accessory use and shall comply with the applicable code provisions. Such
accessory structures may be constructed of combustible materials subject to the limitations of
Section D105.1 of Appendix D.
Motor fuel-dispensing facilities,
accessory to open parking lots, shall comply with the requirements of the New York City Fire
Code and Section 406.8 of this code. Motor fuel pumps shall be located at least 30
feet (9144 mm) from any parking space or interior lot line.
Open parking lots
storing 10 or more motor vehicles shall also be subject to the special provisions of this section.
Bumpers shall be situated not less than 1 foot
(305 mm) from the perimeter edge of the open parking lot where vehicles are parked parallel
to such perimeter edge, and not less than 4 feet (1219 mm) from the perimeter edge where
vehicles are parked perpendicular to such perimeter edge. Openings shall be limited as
provided for in Section 406.9.5.1.
Exception:
A steel guardrail or other substantial barrier designed in accordance with the
provisions of Section 1607.9, that will prevent any part of a vehicle from
extending across a property line, may be accepted in lieu of bumpers.
Open parking lots shall provide a perimeter screen
enclosure as per this section unless otherwise required by the New York City Zoning
Resolution. Such screen enclosure may be constructed as a masonry wall, woven wire fence,
iron picket fence, or uniformly painted fence of fire-resistant material at least 4 feet (1219
mm) high, but not more than 8 feet (2438 mm) above finished grade, subject to the limitations
of Section 3111. Such enclosures shall completely separate the lot from adjoining premises
and public sidewalks. Openings shall be limited as provided for in Section
406.9.5.1.
Open parking lots operating between 6 p.m. and 6 a.m.
shall be adequately illuminated to a minimum of 1 footcandle (10.8 lux)
measured at grade level, distributed over the entire area. Illumination provided with reflectors
or floodlights shall be arranged such that the illumination is directed downward and away
from adjacent premises.
In any open parking lot, one or more aisles, at least
24 inches (610 mm) in width, shall be provided to permit access by fire fighting personnel to all parts of the garage or lot. There shall not be more than three rows of
parked motor vehicles between aisles.
Open parking lots shall be capable of
supporting electric vehicle charging stations in accordance with this section. A minimum of 20
percent of the parking spaces in an open parking lot shall be equipped with electrical raceway
capable of providing a minimum supply of 11.5 kVA to an electrical vehicle supply
equipment (EVSE) from an electrical supply panel. The raceway shall be no smaller than 1 inch
(25 mm). The electrical supply panel serving such parking spaces must have at least 3.1 kW of
available capacity for each stall connected to it with raceway. Such raceway and all components
and work appurtenant thereto shall be in accordance with the New York City Electrical Code.
Exceptions:
- The provisions of this section shall not apply to open parking lots for buildings of Occupancy Group M (Mercantile).
- The commissioner may waive compliance with this section if the commissioner determines that the open parking lot is a temporary facility that will be in service no longer than 3 years.
- The provisions of this section shall not apply to open parking lots for buildings in which not less than fifty percent of the residential units are for households earning up to sixty percent of the area median income as determined by the United States Department of Housing and Urban Development.
Except where specifically provided for in the New York City
Zoning Resolution, all curb cuts and driveways shall be constructed in accordance with Sections
406.10.1 and 406.10.2. All sidewalks and driveways or portions thereof that are structurally
supported shall be designed for loads prescribed in Chapter 16.
For the purpose of this section, a curb cut shall include all splays when determining the total length of cut curb. All curb cuts shall comply with the following requirements:
- The aggregate length of curb cuts shall not exceed 60 percent of any street frontage 100 feet (30 480 mm) or less in length. No single curb cut shall exceed 30 feet (9144 mm) in length, and there shall not be more than two curb cuts on any street frontage 100 feet (30 480 mm) or less in length. The minimum distance between two curb cuts shall be 5 feet (1524 mm).
- For each 50 feet (15 240 mm) of street frontage length over 100 feet (30 480 mm), an additional curb cut no greater than 30 feet (9144 mm) in length may be permitted.
- No curb cut shall commence within 8 feet (2438 mm) of a side lot line.
Exceptions:
- For open parking lots on corner lots and on lots with street frontage length of 50 feet (15 240 mm) or less, the curb cut may commence no less than 30 inches (762 mm) from the side lot line.
- In open or enclosed parking garages where a level landing having a minimum dimension of 20 feet (6096 mm) is provided at the discharge point of all ramps at the street level within the property line, the curb cut may commence no less than 30 inches (762 mm) from a side lot line.
- No curb cut, including splays, shall be less than 10 feet (3048 mm) in length.
Driveways serving passenger vehicles shall be a minimum of 8 feet
(2438 mm) in width and shall not exceed the length of the curb cut, not including the lengths
of the splays. For all other motor vehicles, the minimum width of driveways shall be 10 feet
(3048 mm). Portions of the driveway located between the curb line and the lot line shall be
paved in accordance with the requirements of the Department of Transportation for the
construction of sidewalks.
Buildings or
portions thereof that contain or store battery-powered industrial trucks, equipment and mobility
devices shall be designed and constructed in accordance with Section 309.3 of the New York City
Fire Code.
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Waiting areas and similar spaces constructed as required for corridors shall be permitted to be open to a corridor, only where all of the following criteria are met:
- The spaces are not occupied as care recipient's sleeping rooms, treatment rooms, incidental uses in accordance with Section 509, or hazardous uses.
- The open space is protected by an automatic fire detection system installed in accordance with Section 907.
- The corridors onto which the spaces open, in the same smoke compartment, are protected by an automatic fire detection system installed in accordance with Section 907, or the smoke compartment in which the spaces are located is equipped throughout with quick-response sprinklers in accordance with Section 903.3.2.
- The space is arranged so as not to obstruct access to the required exits.
Areas wherein psychiatric care recipients who are not capable of self-preservation are housed, or group meeting or multipurpose therapeutic spaces other than incidental uses in accordance with Section 509, under continuous supervision by facility staff, shall be permitted to be open to the corridor, where the following criteria are met:
- Each area does not exceed 1,500 square feet (140 m2).
- The area is located to permit supervision by the facility staff.
- The area is arranged so as not to obstruct any access to the required exits.
- The area is equipped with an automatic fire detection system installed in accordance with Section 907.2.
- Not more than one such space is permitted in any one smoke compartment.
- The walls and ceilings of the space are constructed as required for corridors.
In Group I-2 occupancies, in areas where nursing home
residents are housed, shared living spaces, group meeting or multipurpose therapeutic spaces shall
be permitted to be open to the corridor, where all of the following criteria are met:
- The walls and ceilings of the space are constructed as required for corridors.
- The spaces are not occupied as resident sleeping rooms, treatment rooms, incidental uses in accordance with Section 509, or hazardous uses.
- The open space is protected by an automatic fire detection system installed in accordance with Section 907.
- The corridors onto which the spaces open, in the same smoke compartment, are protected by an automatic fire detection system installed in accordance with Section 907, or the smoke compartment in which the spaces are located is equipped throughout with quick response sprinklers in accordance with Section 903.3.2.
- The space is arranged so as not to obstruct access to the required exits.
In Group I-2 occupancies, rooms or spaces that contain a cooking facility with domestic cooking appliances shall be permitted to be open to the corridor where all of the following criteria are met:
- The number of care recipients housed in the smoke compartment is not greater than 30.
- The number of care recipients served by the cooking facility is not greater than 30.
- Only one cooking facility area is permitted in a smoke compartment.
- The types of domestic cooking appliances permitted are limited to ovens, cooktops, ranges, warmers and microwaves.
- The corridor is a clearly identified space delineated by construction or floor pattern, material or color.
- The space containing the domestic cooking facility shall be arranged so as not to obstruct access to the required exit.
- A domestic cooking hood installed and constructed in accordance with Section 505 of the New York City Mechanical Code is provided over the cooktop or range.
- The domestic cooking hood provided over the cooktop or range shall be equipped with an automatic fire-extinguishing system of a type recognized for protection of domestic cooking equipment. Preengineered automatic extinguishing systems shall be tested in accordance with UL 300A and listed and labeled for the intended application. The system shall be installed in accordance with this code, its listing and the manufacturer's instructions.
- A manual actuation device for the hood suppression system shall be installed in accordance with Sections 904.12.1 and 904.12.2.
- An interlock device shall be provided such that upon activation of the hood suppression system, the power or fuel supply to the cooktop or range will be turned off.
- A shut-off for the fuel and electrical power supply to the cooking equipment shall be provided in a location that is accessible only to staff.
- A timer shall be provided that automatically deactivates the cooking appliances within a period of not more than 120 minutes.
- A portable fire extinguisher shall be installed in accordance with Section 906 of the New York City Fire Code.
Corridor doors, other than those in a wall required to be rated by Section 509.4 or for the enclosure of a vertical opening or an exit, shall not have a required fire protection rating and shall not be required to be equipped with self-closing or automatic-closing devices, but shall provide an effective barrier to limit the transfer of smoke and shall be equipped with positive latching. Roller latches are not permitted. Other doors shall conform to Section 716.5.
Group I-2 occupancies shall be provided with means of egress complying with Chapter 10 and Sections 407.4.1 through 407.4.4. The fire and emergency preparedness plans provided in accordance with Section 1001.4 of this code shall identify the building components necessary to support a defend-in-place emergency response in accordance with the New York City Fire Code.
Habitable rooms in Group I-2 occupancies shall have an exit
access door leading directly to a corridor.
Exception:
- Rooms with exit doors opening directly to the outside at ground level.
- Rooms arranged as care suites complying with Section 407.4.4.
Locking devices that restrict access to a care recipient's room from the corridor and that are operable only by staff from the corridor side shall not restrict the means of egress from the care recipient's room.
Exceptions:
- This section shall not apply to rooms in psychiatric treatment and similar care areas.
- Locking arrangements in accordance with Section 1010.1.9.6.
The distance of travel between any point in a Group I-2 occupancy
sleeping room, not located in a care suite, and an exit access door in that room shall be not greater
than 50 feet (15 240 mm).
In nursing homes of Group I-2 occupancies,
where the corridor width is a minimum of 96 inches (2440 mm), projections shall be permitted
for furniture where all of the following criteria are met:
- The furniture is attached to the floor or to the wall.
- The furniture does not reduce the clear width of the corridor to less than 72 inches (1830 mm) except where other encroachments are permitted in accordance with Section 1005.7.
- The furniture is positioned on only one side of the corridor.
- Each arrangement of furniture is 50 square feet (4.6 m2) maximum in area.
- Furniture arrangements are separated by 10 feet (3048 mm) minimum.
- Placement of furniture is considered as part of the fire and emergency preparedness plans in accordance with Section 1001.4.
Care suites in Group I-2 shall comply with Sections 407.4.4.1
through 407.4.4.4 and either Section 407.4.4.5 or 407.4.4.6.
Exit access from all other portions of a building
not classified as a care suite shall not pass through a care suite. In a care suite required to have
more than one exit, one exit access is permitted to pass through an adjacent care suite provided
all of the other requirements of Sections 407.4 and 1016.2 are satisfied.
Care suites shall be separated from other portions of the building,
including other care suites, by a smoke partition complying with Section 710.
Movement from habitable rooms shall not require passage through more than three doors and 100 feet (30 480 mm) distance of travel within the suite.
Exception: The distance of travel shall be permitted to be increased to 125 feet (38 100 mm) where an automatic smoke detection system is provided throughout the care suite and installed in accordance with NFPA 72 as modified by Appendix Q of this code.
Doors in care suites serving habitable rooms shall be
permitted to comply with one of the following:
- Manually operated horizontal sliding doors permitted in accordance with Exception 9 to Section 1010.1.2.1.
- Power-operated doors permitted in accordance with Exception 7 to Section 1010.1.2.1.
- Means of egress doors complying with Section 1010.
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Sleeping rooms shall be permitted to
be grouped into care suites where one of the following criteria is met:
- The care suite is not used as an exit access for more than eight care recipient beds.
- The arrangement of the care suite allows for direct and constant visual supervision into the sleeping rooms by care providers.
- An automatic smoke detection system is provided in the sleeping rooms and installed in accordance with NFPA 72 as modified by Appendix Q of this code.
Care suites containing sleeping rooms shall be not greater than 7,500
square feet (696 m2) in area.
Exception:
Care suites containing sleeping rooms shall be permitted to be not greater
than 10,000 square feet (929 m2) in area where an automatic smoke detection system
is provided throughout the care suite and installed in accordance with NFPA 72 as
modified by Appendix Q of this code.
Any sleeping room, or any care suite that contains sleeping
rooms, of more than 1,000 square feet (93 m2) shall have no fewer than two exit access
doors from the care suite located in accordance with Section 1007.
Areas not containing sleeping rooms,
but only treatment areas and the associated rooms, spaces or circulation space, shall be
permitted to be grouped into care suites and shall conform to the limitations in Sections
407.4.4.6.1 and 407.4.4.6.2.
Care suites of rooms, other than sleeping rooms, shall have an area not
greater than 12,500 square feet (1161 m2).
Exception:
Care suites not containing sleeping rooms shall be permitted to be not
greater than 15,000 square feet (1394 m2) in area where an automatic smoke detection
system is provided throughout the care suite in accordance with Section 907.
Care suites, other than sleeping rooms, with an area of more than
2,500 square feet (232 m2) shall have no fewer than two exit access doors from the care
suite located in accordance with Section 1007.1.
Smoke barriers shall be provided to subdivide every story used by
persons receiving care, treatment or sleeping and to divide other stories with
an occupant load of 50 or more persons, into no fewer than two smoke compartments. Such
stories shall be divided into smoke compartments with an area of not more than 22,500 square feet
(2090 m2) in nursing homes in Group I-2, and not more than 40,000 square feet (3716
m2) in detoxification facilities, hospitals and psychiatric centers in Group I-2, and the distance
of travel from any point in a smoke compartment to a smoke barrier door shall be not greater
than 200 feet (60 960 mm). The smoke barrier shall be in accordance with Section 709.
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Refuge areas shall be provided within each smoke compartment. The size of the refuge area shall
accommodate the occupants and care recipients from the adjoining smoke compartment. Where
a smoke compartment is adjoined by two or more smoke compartments, the minimum area of the
refuge area shall accommodate the largest occupant load of the adjoining compartments. The size
of the refuge area shall provide the following:
- Not less than 30 net square feet (2.8 m2) for each care recipient confined to bed or stretcher.
- Not less than 6 square feet (0.56 m2) for each ambulatory care recipient not confined to bed or stretcher and for other occupants.
A means of egress shall be provided from each smoke
compartment created by smoke barriers without having to return through the smoke compartment
from which means of egress originated.
Horizontal assemblies supporting smoke barriers
required by this section shall be designed to resist the movement of smoke. Elevator lobbies shall be in accordance with Section 3006.1.
Smoke compartments containing sleeping
rooms shall be equipped throughout with an automatic fire sprinkler system in accordance
with Sections 903.3.1.1 and 903.3.2.
A fire alarm system shall be provided in accordance with Section 907.2.6.
Corridors in nursing homes (both intermediate-care and skilled nursing facilities) and spaces permitted to be open to the corridors by Section 407.2 shall be equipped with an automatic fire detection system installed in accordance with Section 907. Detoxification facilities, hospitals and psychiatric centers shall be equipped with smoke detection as required in Section 407.2.
Exceptions:
- Corridor smoke detection is not required where sleeping rooms are provided with smoke detectors that comply with UL 268. Such detectors shall provide a visual display on the corridor side of each sleeping room and an audible and visual alarm at the care provider's station attending each unit.
- Corridor smoke detection is not required where sleeping room doors are equipped with automatic door-closing devices with integral smoke detectors on the unit sides installed in accordance with their listing, provided that the integral detectors perform the required alerting function.
Grounds are permitted to be fenced and gates therein are permitted to be equipped with locks, provided that safe dispersal areas having net square feet (2.8 m2) for bed and stretcher care recipients and net square feet (0.56 m2) for ambulatory care recipients and other occupants are located between the building and the fence. Such provided safe dispersal areas shall be located not less than 50 feet (15 240 mm) from the building they serve.
In Group I-2
occupancies, the essential electrical system for electrical components, equipment and systems shall
be designed and constructed in accordance with the provisions of NFPA 99 and Chapter 27 of this
code.
Occupancies in Group I-3 shall comply with the provisions of Sections 408.1 through 408.11 and other applicable provisions of this code (see Section 308.5).
The following terms shall, for the purposes of this section, have the meanings shown herein:
- CELL. A room within a housing unit in a detention or correctional facility used to confine inmates or prisoners.
- CELL TIER. Levels of cells vertically stacked above one another within a housing unit.
- HOUSING UNIT. A dormitory or a group of cells with a common dayroom in Group I-3.
- SALLYPORT. A security vestibule with two or more doors or gates where the intended purpose is to prevent continuous and unobstructed passage by allowing the release of only one door or gate at a time.
Buildings or portions of buildings in Group I-3 occupancies where security operations necessitate the locking of required means of egress shall be permitted to be classified as a different occupancy. Occupancies classified as other than Group I-3 shall meet the applicable requirements of this code for that occupancy where provisions are made for the release of occupants at all times.
Means of egress from detention and correctional occupancies that traverse other use areas shall, as a minimum, conform to requirements for detention and correctional occupancies.
Exception: It is permissible to exit through a horizontal exit into other contiguous occupancies that do not conform to detention and correctional occupancy egress provisions but that do comply with requirements set forth in the appropriate occupancy, as long as the occupancy is not a Group H use.
Except as modified or as provided for in this section, the means of egress provisions of Chapter 10 shall apply.
Doors to resident sleeping units shall have a clear width of not less than 28 inches (711 mm).
Where doors in a means of egress are of the horizontal-sliding type, the force to slide the door to its fully open position shall be not greater than 50 pounds (220 N) with a perpendicular force against the door of 50 pounds (220 N).
A hatch or trap door not less than 16 square feet (1.49
m2) in area through the floor and having dimensions of not less than 2 feet (610 mm)
in any direction shall be permitted to be used as a portion of the means of egress from guard
towers.
Spiral stairways that conform to the requirements of Section 1011.10 are permitted for access to and between staff locations.
Ship ladders shall be permitted for egress from control rooms or elevated facility observation rooms in accordance with Section 1011.15.
A sallyport shall be permitted in a means of egress where there are provisions for continuous and unobstructed passage through the sallyport during an emergency egress condition.
One interior exit stairway or ramp in each building shall be permitted to have glazing installed in doors and interior walls at each landing level providing access to the interior exit stairway or ramp, provided that the following conditions are met:
- The interior exit stairway or ramp shall not serve more than four floor levels.
- Exit doors shall be not less than 3/4-hour fire door assemblies complying with Section 716.5.
- The total area of glazing at each floor level shall not exceed 5,000 square inches (3.2 m2) and individual panels of glazing shall not exceed 1,296 square inches (0.84 m2).
- The glazing shall be protected on both sides by an automatic sprinkler system. The sprinkler system shall be designed to wet completely the entire surface of any glazing affected by fire when actuated.
- The glazing shall be in a gasketed frame and installed in such a manner that the framing system will deflect without breaking (loading) the glass before the sprinkler system operates.
- Obstructions, such as curtain rods, drapery traverse rods, curtains, drapes or similar materials shall not be installed between the automatic sprinklers and the glazing.
Egress doors are permitted to be locked in accordance with the applicable use condition. Doors from a refuge area to the outside are permitted to be locked with a key in lieu of locking methods described in Section 408.4.1. The keys to unlock the exterior doors shall be available at all times and the locks shall be operable from both sides of the door.
Remote release of locks on doors in a means of egress shall be provided with reliable means of operation, remote from the resident living areas, to release locks on all required doors. In Occupancy Condition 3 or 4, the arrangement, accessibility and security of the release mechanisms required for egress shall be such that with the minimum available staff at any time, the lock mechanisms are capable of being released within 2 minutes.
Exception: Provisions for remote locking and unlocking of occupied rooms in Occupancy Condition 4 are not required provided that not more than 10 locks are necessary to be unlocked in order to move occupants from one smoke compartment to a refuge area within 3 minutes. The opening of necessary locks shall be accomplished with not more than two separate keys.
Power-operated sliding doors or power-operated locks
for swinging doors shall be operable by a manual release mechanism at the door. Emergency power shall be provided for
the doors and locks in accordance with Section 2702.
Exceptions:
- Emergency power is not required in facilities with 10 or fewer locks complying with the exception to Section 408.4.1.
- Emergency power is not required where remote mechanical operating releases are provided.
Remote release, mechanically operated sliding doors or remote release, mechanically operated locks shall be provided with a mechanically operated release mechanism at each door, or shall be provided with a redundant remote release control.
Doors remotely unlocked under emergency conditions shall not automatically relock when closed unless specific action is taken at the remote location to enable doors to relock.
Any vertical opening shall be protected by a shaft enclosure in accordance with Section 713, or shall be in accordance with Sections 408.5.1 and 408.5.2.
Openings in floors within a housing unit are permitted without a shaft enclosure provided all of the following conditions are met:
- The entire normally occupied areas so interconnected are open and unobstructed so as to enable observation of the areas by supervisory personnel;
- Means of egress capacity is sufficient for all occupants from all interconnected cell tiers and areas;
- The height difference between the floor levels of the highest and lowest cell tiers shall not exceed 23 feet (7010 mm); and
- Egress from any portion of the cell tier to an exit or exit access door shall not require travel on more than one additional floor level within the housing unit.
Where a floor opening is permitted between communicating floor levels of a housing unit in accordance with Section 408.5.1, plumbing chases serving vertically stacked individual cells contained within the housing unit shall be permitted without a shaft enclosure.
Occupancies in Group I-3 shall have smoke barriers complying with Sections 408.8 and 709 to divide every story occupied by residents for sleeping, or any other story having an occupant load of 50 or more persons, into no fewer than two smoke compartments.
Exception: Spaces having a direct exit to one of the following, provided that the locking arrangement of the doors involved complies with the requirements for doors at the smoke barrier for the use condition involved:
Exception: Spaces having a direct exit to one of the following, provided that the locking arrangement of the doors involved complies with the requirements for doors at the smoke barrier for the use condition involved:
- A public way.
- A building separated from the resident housing area by a 2-hour fire-resistance-rated assembly or 50 feet (15 240 mm) of open space.
- A secured yard or court having a holding space 50 feet (15 240 mm) from the housing area that provides 6 square feet (0.56 m2) or more of refuge area per occupant, including residents, staff and visitors.
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The number of residents in any smoke compartment
shall be not more than 200. The distance of travel to a door in a smoke barrier from any
room door required as exit access shall be not greater than 150 feet (45 720 mm). The
distance of travel to a door in a smoke barrier from any point in a room shall be not
greater than 200 feet (60 960 mm).
Not less than 6 net square feet (0.56 m2) per occupant shall be provided on each side of each smoke barrier for the total number of occupants in adjoining smoke compartments. This space shall be readily available wherever the occupants are moved across the smoke barrier in a fire emergency.
A means of egress shall be provided from each smoke compartment created by smoke barriers without having to return through the smoke compartment from which means of egress originates.
In occupancies in Group I-3, windows and doors in 1-hour fire barriers constructed in accordance with Section 707, fire partitions constructed in accordance with Section 708 and smoke barriers constructed in accordance with Section 709 shall be permitted to have security glazing installed provided that the following conditions are met. Such glazing shall be subject to the requirements in Chapter 24.
- Individual panels of glazing shall not exceed 1,296 square inches (0.84 m2).
- The glazing shall be protected on both sides by an automatic sprinkler system. The sprinkler system shall be designed to, when actuated, wet completely the entire surface of any glazing affected by fire.
- The glazing shall be in a gasketed frame and installed in such a manner that the framing system will deflect without breaking (loading) the glass before the sprinkler system operates.
- Obstructions, such as curtain rods, drapery traverse rods, curtains, drapes or similar materials shall not be installed between the automatic sprinklers and the glazing.
The aggregate area of openings in a solid sleeping room face in
Occupancy Conditions 2, 3, 4 and 5 shall not exceed 120 square inches (0.077
m2). The aggregate area shall include all openings including door undercuts, food passes and
grilles. Openings shall be not more than 36 inches (914 mm) above the floor. In Occupancy
Condition 5, the openings shall be closeable from the room side.
Doors in openings in partitions required to be smoke tight by Section 408.8 shall be substantial doors, of construction that will resist the passage of smoke. Latches and door closures are not required on cell doors.
For the purposes of this section, a windowless building or portion of a building is one with nonopenable windows, windows not readily breakable or without windows. Windowless buildings shall be provided with an engineered smoke control system to provide a tenable environment for exiting from the smoke compartment in the area of fire origin in accordance with Section 909 for each windowless smoke compartment.
A fire alarm system shall be provided in accordance with Section 907.2.6.3.
Group I-3 occupancies shall be equipped throughout with an
automatic sprinkler system in accordance with Section 903.2.6.
The provisions of Sections 409.1 through 409.5 of this code shall apply to rooms in which ribbon-type cellulose acetate or other safety film is utilized in conjunction with electric arc, xenon or other light-source projection equipment that develops hazardous gases, dust or radiation. The projection, use or storage of film having a nitrocellulose base (commonly known as nitrate film) shall not be permitted except under conditions specified in special permits when issued by the Fire Department. Safety film meeting the specification and test standards of NFPA 40 may be projected, used or stored.
Every motion picture machine projecting film as mentioned within the scope of this section shall be enclosed in a projection room. Appurtenant electrical equipment, such as rheostats, transformers and generators, shall be within the projection room or in an adjacent room of equivalent construction.
Every projection room shall be of permanent construction consistent with the construction requirements for the type of building in which the projection room is located. Openings are not required to be protected. The room shall have a floor area of not less than 80 square feet (7.44 m2) for a single machine and not less than 40 square feet (3.7 m2) for each additional machine. Each motion picture projector, floodlight, spotlight or similar piece of equipment shall have a clear working space of not less than 30 inches by 30 inches (762 mm by 762 mm) on each side and at the rear thereof, but only one such space shall be required between two adjacent projectors. The projection room and the rooms appurtenant thereto shall have a ceiling height of not less than 7 feet 6 inches (2286 mm). The aggregate of openings for projection equipment shall not exceed 25 percent of the area of the wall between the projection room and the auditorium. Openings shall be provided with glass or other approved material, so as to close completely the opening.
Ventilation shall be provided in accordance with the New York City Mechanical Code.
Each projection room shall be provided with adequate air supply inlets so arranged as to provide well-distributed air throughout the room. Air inlet ducts shall provide an amount of air equivalent to the amount of air being exhausted by projection equipment. Air is permitted to be taken from the outside; from adjacent spaces within the building, provided the volume and infiltration rate is sufficient; or from the building air-conditioning system, provided it is so arranged as to provide sufficient air when other systems are not in operation.
Projection rooms are permitted to be exhausted through the lamp exhaust system. The lamp exhaust system shall be positively interconnected with the lamp so that the lamp will not operate unless there is the required airflow. Exhaust air ducts shall terminate at the exterior of the building in such a location that the exhaust air cannot be readily recirculated into any air supply system. The projection room ventilation system is permitted to also serve appurtenant rooms, such as the generator and rewind rooms.
Each projection machine shall be provided with an exhaust duct that will draw air from each lamp and exhaust it directly to the outside of the building. The lamp exhaust is permitted to serve to exhaust air from the projection room to provide room air circulation. Such ducts shall be of rigid materials, except for a flexible connector approved for the purpose. The projection lamp or projection room exhaust system, or both, is permitted to be combined but shall not be interconnected with any other exhaust or return system, or both, within the building.
Provisions shall be made for control of the auditorium lighting and the means of egress lighting systems of theaters from inside the projection room and from not less than one other convenient point in the building.
Each projection room shall be provided with rewind and film storage facilities.
This section contains terms defined
elsewhere in the code, and terms with definitions that are specific to this section.
The following terms are defined in Chapter 2:
The following term shall, for the purposes of this section, have the meaning shown herein:
- PLATFORM. A raised area within a building used for worship, the presentation of music, plays or other entertainment; the head table for special guests; the raised area for lecturers and speakers; boxing and wrestling rings; theater-in-the-round stages; and similar purposes wherein, other than horizontal sliding curtains, there are no overhead hanging curtains, drops, scenery or stage effects other than lighting and sound. A temporary platform is one installed for not more than 30 days.
Stage floors shall be constructed of materials as required for floors for the type of construction of the building in which such stages are located. Where areas below the stage are used for other occupancies, such stage floor shall be constructed in accordance with the requirements for separated occupancies as per Chapter 5.
Exceptions:
Exceptions:
- Stages of Type IIB or IV construction with a nominal 2-inch (51 mm) wood deck, provided that the stage is separated from other areas in accordance with Section 410.3.4.
- In all types of construction, the finished floor shall be constructed of wood or approved noncombustible materials. Openings through stage floors shall be equipped with tight-fitting, solid wood trap doors with approved safety locks. The room or space below the stage into which the traps or lifts open shall be completely enclosed by construction having at least the fire-resistance rating required for the stage floor, and such room or space shall not be used as a workshop or storage area. Storage shall not be deemed to include the location in this area of scenery or scenic elements used during a performance. However, no combustible material that has a flame spread rating greater than 25 or that has not been rendered flameproof in accordance with the rules of the Fire Commissioner may be stored in this location at any time.
Stage areas shall be measured to include the entire performance area and adjacent backstage and support areas not separated from the performance area by fire-resistance-rated construction. Stage height shall be measured from the lowest point on the stage floor to the highest point of the roof or floor deck above the stage.
Beams designed only for the attachment of portable or fixed theater equipment, gridirons, galleries and catwalks shall be constructed of noncombustible materials. Floors of fly galleries and catwalks shall be constructed of noncombustible material. These areas shall not be considered to be floors, stories, mezzanines or levels in applying this code.
Where protection of openings is required, exterior exit doors shall be protected with fire door assemblies that comply with Section 716. Exterior openings that are located on the stage for means of egress or loading and unloading purposes, and that are likely to be open during occupancy of the theater, shall be constructed with vestibules to prevent air drafts into the auditorium.
Where the stage height is greater than 40 feet (12 192 mm), all portions of the stage shall be completely separated from the seating area by a proscenium wall with not less than a 2-hour fire-resistance rating extending continuously from the foundation to the roof.
Where a proscenium wall is required to have a fire-resistance rating, the stage opening shall be provided with one of the following:
- A fire curtain complying with NFPA 80; or
- An approved stage water curtain and sprinklers complying with Section 410.7 and Section 903.3.1.1 of this code, and the following:
- A deluge valve actuated by a "rate of rise system" and "fixed temperature system" shall control the water curtain system;
- The heat actuating devices shall be located on not more than 10-foot (3048 mm) centers around the perimeter of the sprinklered area stage or as otherwise required for the type of device used to assure operation of the system;
- In addition to the automatic controls, manual-operating devices shall be located at the voice/alarm communication system required by Section 410.8, and adjacent to at least one exit from the stage. Such exit shall be remote from the voice/alarm communication system; and
- All valves controlling deluge and sprinkler supplies on stages where the stage height is greater than 40 feet (12 192 mm) shall be provided with tamper switches wired to an annunciator panel located at the voice/alarm communication system required by Section 410.9;
- The operation of any section of the sprinkler system on stages where the stage height is greater than 40 feet (12 192 mm) or the operation of the deluge system shall activate the emergency ventilating equipment required in Section 410.3.7 and shall be provided with central station supervision in addition to the required local alarm; and
- The water flow alarm, tamper switches, the sprinkler system on stages where the stage height is greater than 40 feet (12 192 mm), and deluge system equipment shall be provided with central station supervision in addition to the required local alarm.
All scenery or scenic elements shall be of noncombustible materials, or of materials having a flame-spread rating not exceeding 25, or of materials that have been rendered flameproof in compliance with the rules of the Fire Commissioner. Scenery and scenic elements not complying with the above requirements may be used only when expressly permitted by the Fire Department.
Emergency ventilation shall be provided for stages larger than 1,000 square feet (93 m2) in floor area, or with a stage height greater than 40 feet (12 192 mm). Such ventilation shall comply with Section 410.3.7.1 or 410.3.7.2.
Two or more vents constructed to open automatically by approved heat-activated devices and with an aggregate clear opening area of not less than 5 percent of the area of the stage shall be located near the center and above the highest part of the stage area. Supplemental means shall be provided for manual operation of the ventilator. Curbs shall be provided as required for skylights in Section 2610.2. Vents shall be labeled.
Smoke control in accordance with Section 909 shall be provided to maintain the smoke layer interface not less than 6 feet (1829 mm) above the highest level of the assembly seating or above the top of the proscenium opening where a proscenium wall is provided in compliance with Section 410.3.4.
Permanent platforms shall be constructed of materials as required for the type of construction of the building in which the permanent platform is located. Permanent platforms are permitted to be constructed in accordance with the following:
- The area below the platform shall be enclosed on all sides with solid construction.
- Platforms constructed of untreated wood shall not exceed an area of 400 square feet (37 m2). Platforms constructed of fire-retardant-treated wood shall not exceed an area of 1,200 square feet (111 m2). Platforms constructed of noncombustible materials shall not be limited in area.
- Where wood is used, the floor of the platform shall be at least 1-inch (25 mm) nominal thickness. Such floor shall be laid on a solid, noncombustible backing, or shall have all spaces between supporting members fireblocked with noncombustible material.
The stage shall be separated from dressing rooms, scene docks, property rooms, workshops, storerooms and compartments appurtenant to the stage and other parts of the building by fire barriers constructed in accordance with Section 707 or horizontal assemblies constructed in accordance with Section 711, or both. The fire-resistance rating shall be not less than 2 hours for stage heights greater than 50 feet (15 240 mm) and not less than 1 hour for stage heights of 50 feet (15 240 mm ) or less.
Dressing rooms, scene docks, property rooms, workshops, storerooms and compartments appurtenant to the stage shall be separated from each other by not less than 1-hour fire barriers constructed in accordance with Section 707 or horizontal assemblies constructed in accordance with Section 711, or both.
Except as modified or as provided for in this section, the provisions of
Chapter 10 shall apply.
No fewer than one exit or exit access doorway shall be provided from each side of the stage and from each side of the space under the stage. Technical production areas shall comply
with Section 410.6.3.
Exit access stairways and ramps serving a stage or
platform are not required to be enclosed. Exit access stairways and ramps serving technical
production areas are not required to be enclosed.
Technical production areas shall be provided with means
of egress and means of escape in accordance with Sections 410.6.3.1 through 410.6.3.5.
No fewer than one means of egress shall be provided
from technical production areas.
The exit access travel distance shall be not greater than
300 feet (91 440 mm) for buildings without a sprinkler system and 400 feet (121 900 mm) for
buildings equipped throughout with an automatic sprinkler system in accordance with Section
903.3.1.1.
Where two means of egress are required, the common path
of travel shall be not greater than 100 feet (30 480 mm).
Exception:
A means of escape to a roof in place of a second means of egress is permitted.
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The following exit access components are permitted where serving technical production areas:
- Stairways.
- Ramps.
- Spiral stairways.
- Catwalks.
- Alternating tread devices.
- Permanent ladders.
An automatic sprinkler system in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1 shall be provided in the following areas when located within a place of assembly:
- Stages including those with stage height greater than 40 feet (12 192 mm);
- Technical production areas over the stage including under the roof, above and below the gridiron, catwalks and galleries;
- Dressing rooms, performer lounges, shops and storerooms accessory to stages or platforms, with live entertainment;
- Platforms with live entertainment;
- Cabarets; or
- When openings are provided in the stage floor for stage lifts, trap doors or stairs, sprinklers spaced 5 feet (1524 mm) on centers shall be provided around the opening at the ceiling below the stage, and baffles at least 12 inches (305 mm) in depth shall be installed around the perimeter of the opening.
Exceptions:
- 1. Sprinklers are not required under stages or platforms less than 4 feet (1219 mm) in clear height that are utilized exclusively for storage of tables and chairs, provided the concealed space is separated from the adjacent spaces by Type X gypsum board not less than 5/8 inch (15.9 mm) in thickness.
- 2. Sprinklers are not required within portable orchestra enclosures on stages.
Standpipe systems shall be provided in accordance with Section 905.
Stages shall be provided with a voice/alarm communication system in accordance with Section 907.2.1.1.
Scenery or scenic elements may be placed in seating sections if such elements:
- Are noncombustible, or of materials that have been rendered flameproof in accordance with the rules of the Fire Commissioner, or have a flame spread rating of 25 or less.
- Are adequately braced or secured.
- Do not obstruct the required visibility of, or paths of travel to, exit openings.
Platforms or runways for performances, to accommodate the operation of cameras, electronic equipment, or motion picture projection machines not using carbon-arc or other light source that emits a gaseous discharge may be constructed in seating sections, provided such platforms or runways comply with the requirements of Section 410.4, except Item 1, and Section 410.9.
Special amusement buildings having an occupant load of 75 or more shall comply with the requirements for the appropriate Group A occupancy and Sections 411.1 through 411.8. Special amusement buildings having an occupant load of less than 75 shall comply with the requirements for a Group B occupancy and Sections 411.1 through 411.8.
Exception: Special amusement buildings or portions thereof that are without walls or a roof and constructed to prevent the accumulation of smoke. All decorative material shall be noncombustible or composed of flame-retardant fabric.
The following term is defined in Chapter 2:
Special amusement buildings shall be equipped with an automatic fire detection system in accordance with Section 907.
Special amusement buildings shall be equipped throughout with an automatic sprinkler system in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1. Where the special amusement building is temporary, the sprinkler water supply shall be of an approved temporary means.
Exception:
Automatic sprinklers are not required where the total floor area of a temporary special amusement building is less than 1,000 square feet (93 m2) and the exit access travel distance from any point to an exit is less than 50 feet (15 240 mm).
Actuation of a single smoke detector, the automatic sprinkler system or other automatic
fire detection device shall initiate a pre-signal system
in accordance with NFPA 72 as modified by Appendix Q of this code at a constantly attended location
from which the Fire Department shall be notified and live voice evacuation
instructions shall be initiated using an
emergency voice/alarm communications system in accordance with Section 907.5.2.2.
An emergency voice/alarm communications system shall be provided in accordance with Sections 907.2.12 and 907.5.2.2, which is also permitted to serve as a public address system and shall be audible throughout the entire special amusement building.
Exit signs shall be installed at the required exit or exit access doorways of amusement buildings in accordance with this section and Section 1013 of this code. Approved directional exit markings listed in accordance with UL 1994, shall also be provided. Where mirrors, mazes or other designs are utilized that disguise the path of egress travel such that they are not apparent, approved low-level exit signs that comply with Section 1013.5 of this code and directional path markings shall be provided and located not more than 8 inches (203 mm) above the walking surface and on or near the path of egress travel. Such markings shall become visible in an emergency. The directional exit marking shall be activated by the automatic fire detection system and the automatic sprinkler system in accordance with Section 907.2.12.2.
The interior finish shall be Class A in accordance with Section 803.1.
Aircraft-related occupancies shall comply with
the New York City Fire Code and Sections 412.1 through 412.8 of this code.
The following terms are defined in Chapter 2:
The provisions of Sections 412.3.1 through 412.3.9 shall apply to airport
traffic control towers occupied only for the
following uses:
- Airport traffic control cab.
- Electrical and mechanical equipment rooms.
- Airport terminal radar and electronics rooms.
- Office spaces incidental to the tower operation.
- Lounges for employees, including sanitary facilities.
Airport traffic control towers shall be constructed to comply with the height limitations of Table 412.3.1.
| TYPE OF CONSTRUCTION |
Heighta (feet) |
| IA | Unlimited |
| IB | 240 |
| IIA | 100 |
| IIB | 85 |
| IIIA | 65 |
| For SI: 1 foot = 304.8 mm, 1 square foot = 0.0929 m2. |
| a. Height to be measured from grade plane to cab floor. |
Stairways in airport traffic control towers shall be in accordance with Section 1011. Stairways in airport traffic control towers are not required to comply with Section 1011.12. Stairways shall be smokeproof enclosures complying with one of the alternatives provided in Section 909.20. The stairway shall be separated from elevators by a minimum distance of one half of the diagonal of the area served measured in a straight line.
Exception: The stairway and elevator hoistway are permitted to be located in the same shaft enclosure without the minimum separation distance, provided they are separated from each other by a 4-hour fire barrier having no openings. Such stairway shall be pressurized to a minimum of 0.15 inch of water column (43 Pa) and a maximum of 0.35 inch of water column (101 Pa) in the shaft relative to the building with stairway doors closed.
From observation levels, airport traffic control towers shall be permitted to
have a single means of exit access for a distance of travel not greater than 100 feet (30 480 mm).
Exit access stairways from the observation level need not be enclosed.
Not less than one exit stairway shall be permitted for airport traffic
control towers of any height provided that the occupant load per floor is not greater than 15 and
the area per floor does not exceed 1,500 square feet (140 m2).
Where an airport traffic control tower is provided with only one
exit stairway, interior wall and ceiling finishes shall be either Class A or Class B.
Airport traffic control towers shall be
provided with an automatic fire detection system installed in accordance with Section 907.2.
Where an occupied floor is located more than 35 feet (10
668 mm) above the lowest level of fire department vehicle access, airport traffic control towers
shall be equipped with an automatic sprinkler system in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1.
Wires or cables that provide normal or standby power, control
signals, communication with the car, lighting, heating, air conditioning, ventilation and fire
detecting systems to elevators shall be protected by construction having a fire-resistance rating of
not less than 1 hour, or shall be circuit integrity cable having a fire-resistance rating of not less
than 1 hour.
Where provided in addition to an exit
stairway, occupant evacuation elevators shall be in accordance with Section 3008.
Airport traffic control towers need not be accessible as specified
in the provisions of Chapter 11.
A standby power system and an emergency
power system that conform to Chapter 27 shall be provided in airport traffic control towers more
than 65 feet (19 812 mm) in height. Standby power shall be provided to the following equipment:
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Exterior walls located less than 30 feet (9144 mm) from lot lines or a public way shall have a fire-resistance rating not less than 2 hours.
Where hangars have basements, floors over basements shall be of Type IA construction and shall be made tight against seepage of water, oil or vapors. There shall be no opening or communication between basements and the hangar. Access to basements shall be from outside only.
Floors shall be graded and drained to prevent water or fuel from remaining on the floor. Floor drains shall discharge through an oil separator to the sewer or to an outside vented sump.
Exception: Aircraft hangars with individual lease spaces not exceeding 2,000 square feet (186 m2) each in which servicing, repairing or washing is not conducted and fuel is not dispensed shall have floors that are graded toward the door, but shall not require a separator.
Exception: Aircraft hangars with individual lease spaces not exceeding 2,000 square feet (186 m2) each in which servicing, repairing or washing is not conducted and fuel is not dispensed shall have floors that are graded toward the door, but shall not require a separator.
Heating equipment shall be placed in another room separated by 2-hour fire barriers constructed in accordance with Section 707 or horizontal assemblies constructed in accordance with Section 711, or both. Entrance shall be from the outside or by means of a vestibule providing a two-doorway separation.
Exceptions:
Exceptions:
- Unit heaters and vented infrared radiant heating equipment suspended not less than 10 feet (3048 mm) above the upper surface of wings or engine enclosures of the highest aircraft that are permitted to be housed in the hangar need not be located in a separate room provided they are mounted not less than 8 feet (2438 mm) above the floor in shops, offices and other sections of the hangar communicating with storage or service areas.
- Entrance to the separated room shall be permitted by a single interior door, provided the sources of ignition in the appliances are not less than 18 inches (457 mm) above the floor.
The process of "doping," involving use of a volatile flammable solvent, or of painting, shall be carried on in a separate detached building equipped with automatic fire-extinguishing equipment in accordance with Section 903.
Aircraft hangars shall be provided with a fire suppression system designed in accordance with NFPA 409, based upon the classification for the hangar given in Table 412.4.6 of this code.
Exception: Where a fixed base operator has separate repair facilities on site, Group II hangars operated by a fixed base operator used for storage of transient aircraft only shall have a fire suppression system, but the system is exempt from foam requirements.
Exception: Where a fixed base operator has separate repair facilities on site, Group II hangars operated by a fixed base operator used for storage of transient aircraft only shall have a fire suppression system, but the system is exempt from foam requirements.
| MAXIMUM SINGLE FIRE AREA, (square feet) |
TYPE OF CONSTRUCTION
|
||||||||
| IA | IB | IIA | IIB | IIIA | IIIB | IV | VAd | VBd | |
| ≥ 40,001 | Grop I | Group I | Group I | Group I | Group I | Group I | Group I | Group I | Group I |
| 40,000 | Group II | Group II | Group II | Group II | Group II | Group II | Group II | Group II | Group II |
| 30,000 | Group III | Group II | Group II | Group II | Group II | Group II | Group II | Group II | Group II |
| 20,000 | Group III | Group III | Group II | Group II | Group II | Group II | Group II | Group II | Group II |
| 15,000 | Group III | Group III | Group III | Group II | Group III | Group II | Group III | Group II | Group II |
| 12,000 | Group III | Group III | Group III | Group III | Group III | Group III | Group III | Group II | Group II |
| 8,000 | Group III | Group III | Group III | Group III | Group III | Group III | Group III | Group III | Group II |
| 5,000 | Group III | Group III | Group III | Group III | Group III | Group III | Group III | Group II | Group II |
| For SI: 1 foot = 304.8 mm, 1 square foot = 0.0929 m2. |
| a. Aircraft hangars with a door height greater than 28 feet shall be provided with fire suppression for a Group I hangar regardless of maximum fire area. |
| b. Groups shall be as classified in accordance with NFPA 409. |
| c. Membrane structures complying with Section 3102 shall be classified as a Group IV hangar. |
| d. Construction Types VA and VB are not permitted in Fire Districts. See Tables 504.3, 504.4 and 506.2. |
Any Group III aircraft hangar according to Table 412.4.6 that contains hazardous operations including, but not limited to, the following shall be provided with a Group I or II fire suppression system in accordance with NFPA 409 as applicable:
- Doping.
- Hot work including, but not limited to, welding, torch cutting and torch soldering.
- Fuel transfer.
- Fuel tank repair or maintenance not including defueled tanks in accordance with NFPA 409, inerted tanks or tanks that have never been fueled.
- Spray finishing operations.
- Total fuel capacity of all aircraft within the unsprinklered single fire area in excess of 1,600 gallons (6057 L).
- Total fuel capacity of all aircraft within the maximum single fire area in excess of 7,500 gallons (28 390 L) for a hangar with an automatic sprinkler system in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1.
Maximum single fire areas established in accordance with hangar classification and construction type in Table 412.4.6 shall be separated by 2-hour fire walls constructed in accordance with Section 706. In determining the
maximum single fire area as set forth in Table 412.4.6, ancillary uses that are separated from
aircraft servicing areas by a fire barrier of not less than 1 hour, constructed in accordance with
Section 707, shall not be included in the area.
A hangar shall not be attached to a dwelling unless separated by a fire
barrier having a fire-resistance rating of not less than 1 hour. Such separation shall be continuous
from the foundation to the underside of the roof and unpierced except for doors leading to the
dwelling unit. Doors into the dwelling unit shall be equipped with self-closing devices
and conform to the requirements of Section 716 with a
noncombustible raised sill not less than 4 inches (102 mm) in height. Openings from a
hangar directly into a room used for sleeping purposes shall not be permitted.
A hangar shall provide two means of egress. One of the doors into the dwelling shall be considered as meeting only one of the two means of egress.
Smoke alarms shall be provided within the hangar in accordance with Section 907.2.11.
Electrical, mechanical and plumbing drain, waste and vent (DWV) systems installed within the hangar shall be independent of the systems installed within the dwelling. Building sewer lines shall be permitted to be connected outside the structures.
Exception: Smoke detector wiring and feed for electrical subpanels in the hangar.
Residential aircraft hangars shall be not greater than 2,000 square feet (186 m2) in area and 20 feet (6096 mm) in building height.
Aircraft painting operations where flammable liquids are used in excess of the maximum allowable quantities per control area listed in Table 307.1(1) shall be conducted in an aircraft paint hangar that complies with the provisions of Sections 412.6.1 through 412.6.6.
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Aircraft paint hangars shall be classified as Group H-2. Aircraft paint hangars shall comply with the applicable requirements of the New York City Fire Code and this code for such occupancy.
The aircraft paint hangar shall be of Type I or II construction.
Only those flammable liquids necessary for painting operations shall be permitted in quantities less than the maximum allowable quantities per control area in Table 307.1(1). Spray equipment cleaning operations shall be conducted in a liquid use, dispensing and mixing room.
Storage of flammable liquids shall be in a liquid storage room.
Aircraft paint hangars shall be provided with fire suppression as required by NFPA 409.
Aircraft paint hangars shall be provided with ventilation as required in the New York City Mechanical Code.
In buildings used for the manufacturing of aircraft, exit access travel distances indicated in Section 1017.1 shall be increased in accordance with the following:
- The building shall be of Type I or II construction.
- Exit access travel distance shall not exceed the distances given in Table 412.7.
| HEIGHT (feet)b | MANUFACTURING AREA (sq. ft.)a | |||||
| ≥ 150,000 | ≥ 200,000 | ≥ 250,000 | ≥ 500,000 | ≥ 750,000 | ≥ 1,000,000 | |
| ≥25 | 400 | 450 | 500 | 500 | 500 | 500 |
| ≥50 | 400 | 500 | 600 | 700 | 700 | 700 |
| ≥75 | 400 | 500 | 700 | 850 | 1,000 | 1,000 |
| ≥100 | 400 | 500 | 750 | 1,000 | 1,250 | 1,500 |
Rooms, areas and spaces ancillary to the primary manufacturing area
shall be permitted to egress through such area having a minimum height as indicated in Table
412.7. Exit access travel distance within the ancillary room, area or space shall not exceed that
indicated in Table 1017.2 based on the occupancy classification of that ancillary area. Total exit
access travel distance shall not exceed that indicated in Table 412.7.
The landing area for helicopters less than 3,500
pounds (1588 kg) shall be not less than 20 feet (6096 mm) in length and width.
The landing area shall be surrounded on all sides by a clear area having a minimum
average width at roof level of 15 feet (4572 mm) but with no width less than 5 feet (1524 mm).
Helicopter landing areas and the supports thereof on the roof of a building shall be noncombustible construction. Landing areas shall be designed to confine any flammable liquid spillage to the landing area itself and provisions shall be made to drain such spillage away from any exit or stairway serving the helicopter landing area or from a structure housing such exit or stairway. For structural design requirements, see Section 1607.6.
The means of egress from heliports and helistops shall comply with the provisions of Chapter 10. Landing areas located on buildings or structures shall have two or more means of egress. For landing areas less than 60 feet (18 288 mm) in length or less than 2,000 square feet (186 m2) in area, the second means of egress is permitted to be a fire escape, alternating tread device or ladder leading to the floor below.
In buildings equipped with a standpipe system, the standpipe shall
extend to the roof level in accordance with Section 905.3.6.
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Storage of combustible materials in attics, under-floor spaces, concealed spaces, and below-grade storage rooms shall comply with this section.
Attic, under-floor and concealed spaces used for storage of combustible materials shall be protected on the storage side as required for 1-hour fire-resistance-rated construction. Openings shall be protected by assemblies that are self-closing and are of noncombustible construction or solid wood core not less than 13/4 inch (45 mm) in thickness.
Exception: Neither fire-resistance-rated construction nor opening protectives are
required in any of the following locations:
- Areas protected by approved automatic sprinkler systems.
- Group R-3 and U occupancies.
High-piled stock or rack storage in any occupancy group shall comply with the New York City Fire Code, including the requirement for permit approval.
The provisions of Sections 414.1 through 414.6 shall apply to buildings and structures occupied for the manufacturing, processing, dispensing, use or storage of hazardous materials.
Buildings and structures with an occupancy in Group H shall comply with this section and the applicable provisions of the New York City Fire Code and Section 415 of this code, including, but not limited to, location, installation and mechanical provisions.
The safe design of hazardous material occupancies is material dependent. Individual material requirements are also found in the New York City Mechanical Code, the New York City Fire Code, and Sections 307 and 415 of this code.
Level 2 and 3 aerosol products shall be stored and displayed in accordance with the New York City Fire Code See the New York City Fire Code and Section 311.2 of this
code for occupancy group requirements.
A report shall be submitted to the Fire Department identifying the maximum expected quantities of hazardous materials to be stored, used in a closed system and used in an open system, and subdivided to separately address hazardous material classification categories based on Tables 307.1(1) and 307.1(2). The methods of protection from such hazards, including but not limited to control areas, fire protection systems and Group H occupancies shall be indicated in the report and on the construction documents. The opinion and report shall be prepared by a qualified person, firm or corporation approved by the Fire Commissioner and provided without charge to the Fire Department.
For buildings and structures with an occupancy in Group H, separate floor plans shall be submitted identifying the locations of anticipated contents and processes so as to reflect the nature of each occupied portion of every building and structure.
Control areas shall comply with the New York City Fire Code and Sections 414.2.1 through 414.2.5 of this code.
Control areas shall be separated from each other by fire barriers constructed in accordance with Section 707 or horizontal assemblies constructed in accordance with Section 711, or both.
The percentage of maximum allowable quantities of hazardous materials per control area permitted at each floor level within a building shall be in accordance with Table 414.2.2.
| FLOOR LEVEL | PERCENTAGE OF THE MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE QUANTITY PER CONTROL AREAa |
NUMBER OF CONTROL AREAS PER FLOORb |
FIRE-RESISTANCE RATING FOR FIRE BARRIERS IN HOURSb |
|
| Above grade | Higher than 9 | 5 | 1 | 2 |
| 7-9 | 5 | 2 | 2 | |
| 6 | 12.5 | 2 | 2 | |
| 5 | 12.5 | 2 | 2 | |
| 4 | 12.5 | 2 | 2 | |
| 3 | 50 | 2 | 1 | |
| 2 | 75 | 3 | 1 | |
| 1 | 100 | 4 | 1 | |
| Below grade | 1 | 75 | 3 | 1 |
| 2 | 50 | 2 | 1 | |
| Lower than 2 | Not Allowed | Not Allowed | Not Allowed | |
| a. Percentages shall be of the maximum allowable quantity per control area shown in Tables 307.1(1) and 307.1(2), with all increases allowed in the notes to those tables. |
| b. Separation shall include fire barriers and horizontal assemblies as necessary to provide separation from other portions of the building. |
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The maximum number of control areas within a building shall be in accordance with Table 414.2.2.
The required fire-resistance rating for fire barriers shall be in accordance with Table 414.2.2. The floor assembly of the control area and the construction supporting the floor of the control area shall have a fire-resistance rating of not less than 2 hours.
Exception: The floor assembly of the control area and the construction supporting the floor of the control area are allowed to be 1-hour fire-resistance rated in buildings of Types IIA, IIIA and VA construction, provided that both of the following conditions exist:
- The building is equipped throughout with an automatic sprinkler system in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1; and
- The building is three or fewer stories above grade plane.
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The aggregate quantity of nonflammable solid and nonflammable or noncombustible liquid hazardous materials permitted within a single control area of a Group M display and storage area, a Group S storage area or an outdoor control area is permitted to exceed the maximum allowable quantities per control area specified in Tables 307.1(1) and 307.1(2) without classifying the building or use as a Group H occupancy, provided that the materials are displayed and stored in accordance with the New York City Fire Code and quantities do not exceed the maximum allowable specified in Table 414.2.5(1) of this code.
In Group M occupancy wholesale and retail sales uses, indoor storage of flammable and combustible liquids shall not exceed the maximum allowable quantities per control area as indicated in Table 414.2.5(2) of this code, provided that the materials are displayed and stored in accordance with the New York City Fire Code.
The maximum quantity of aerosol products in Group M occupancy retail display areas, storage areas adjacent to retail display areas and retail storage areas shall be in accordance with the New York City Fire Code
.
| CONDITION | MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE QUANTITY PER CONTROL AREA | ||
| Materiala | Class | Solids pounds |
Liquids gallons |
| A. Health-hazard materials—nonflammable and noncombustible solids and liquids | |||
| 1. Corrosivesb, c | Not Applicable | 9,750 | 975 |
| 2. Highly toxics | Not Applicable | 20b, c | 2b, c |
| 3. Toxicsb, c | Not Applicable | 1,000 | 100 |
| B. Physical-hazard materials—nonflammable and noncombustible solids and liquids | |||
| 1. Oxidizersb,c | 4 | Not Allowed | Not Allowed |
| 3 | 1,150g | 115 | |
| 2 | 2,250h | 225 | |
| 1 | 18,000i, j | 1,800i, j | |
| 2. Unstable (reactives)b, c | 4 | Not Allowed | Not Allowed |
| 3 | 550 | 55 | |
| 2 | 1,150 | 115 | |
| 1 | Not Limited | Not Limited | |
| 3. Water reactives | 3b, c | 550 | 55 |
| 2b, c | 1,150 | 115 | |
| 1 | Not Limited | Not Limited | |
| For SI: 1 pound = 0.454 kg, 1 gallon = 3.785 L. |
| a. Hazard categories are as specified in the New York City Fire Code. |
| b. Maximum allowable quantities shall be increased 100 percent in buildings that are sprinklered in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1. When Note c also applies, the increase for both notes shall be applied accumulatively. |
| c. Maximum allowable quantities shall be increased 100 percent when stored in approved storage cabinets, in accordance with the New York City Fire Code. When Note b also applies, the increase for both notes shall be applied accumulatively. |
| d. See Table 414.2.2 for design and number of control areas. |
| e. Allowable quantities for other hazardous material categories shall be in accordance with Section 307. |
| f. Maximum quantities shall be increased 100 percent in outdoor control areas. |
| g. Maximum amounts shall be increased to 2,250 pounds when individual packages are in the original sealed containers from the manufacturer or packager and do not exceed 10 pounds each. |
| h. Maximum amounts shall be increased to 4,500 pounds when individual packages are in the original sealed containers from the manufacturer or packager and do not exceed 10 pounds each. |
| i. The permitted quantities shall not be limited in a building equipped throughout with an automatic sprinkler system in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1. |
| j. Quantities are unlimited in an outdoor control area. |
| TYPE OF LIQUID | MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE QUANTITY PER CONTROL AREA (gallons) | ||
| Sprinklered in accordance with note b densities and arrangements |
Sprinklered in accordance with Tables 3404.3.6.3(4) through 3404.3.6.3(8) and Table 3404.3.7.5.1 of the New York City Fire Code |
Nonsprinklered | |
| Class IA | 60 | 60 | 30 |
| Class IB, IC, II and IIIA | 7,500c | 15,000c | 1,600 |
| Class IIIB | Unlimited | Unlimited | 13,200 |
| For SI: 1 foot = 304.8 mm, 1 square foot = 0.0929m2, 1 gallon = 3.785 L, 1 gallon per minute per square foot = 40.75 L/min/m2. |
| a. Control areas shall be separated from each other by not less than a 1-hour fire barrier wall. |
| b. To be considered as sprinklered, a building shall be equipped throughout with an approved automatic sprinkler system with a design providing minimum densities as follows: |
|
1. For uncartoned commodities on shelves 6 feet or less in height where the ceiling height does not exceed 18 feet, quantities are those permitted with a minimum sprinkler design density of Ordinary Hazard Group 2.
|
|
2. For cartoned, palletized or racked commodities where storage is 4 feet 6 inches or less in height and where the ceiling height does not exceed 18 feet, quantities are those permitted with a minimum sprinkler design density of 0.21 gallon per minute per square foot over the most remote 1,500-square-foot area.
|
| c. Where wholesale and retail sales or storage areas exceed 50,000 square feet in area, the maximum allowable quantities are allowed to be increased by 2 percent for each 1,000 square feet of area in excess of 50,000 square feet, up to a maximum of 100 percent of the table amounts. A control area separation is not required. The cumulative amounts, including amounts attained by having an additional control area, shall not exceed 30,000 gallons. |
Class I liquids shall not be stored in below-grade locations. Storage of Class II and Class III liquids, accessory to retail stores, and partly or completely below grade shall be permitted, provided that such below-grade area is equipped throughout with an automatic sprinkler system in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1 and enclosed by fire barriers having a fire-resistance rating of at least 2 hours, constructed in accordance with the construction type of the building. Openings shall be protected by self-closing assemblies having a fire-resistance rating of at least 11/2 hours.
Exception: Class IIIB liquids may be stored in below-grade locations that are not provided throughout with an automatic sprinkler system when such liquids are stored in a room that is separated, vertically and horizontally, from surrounding spaces by fire barriers of not less than 2-hour fire-resistance rating and such room is provided with an automatic sprinkler system.
Exception: Class IIIB liquids may be stored in below-grade locations that are not provided throughout with an automatic sprinkler system when such liquids are stored in a room that is separated, vertically and horizontally, from surrounding spaces by fire barriers of not less than 2-hour fire-resistance rating and such room is provided with an automatic sprinkler system.
Rooms, areas or spaces in which explosive, corrosive, combustible, flammable or highly toxic dusts, mists, fumes, vapors or gases are or may be emitted due to the processing, use, handling or storage of materials shall be mechanically ventilated where required by the New York City Fire Code or the New York City Mechanical Code.
Emissions generated at workstations shall be confined to the area in which they are generated as specified in the New York City Fire Code and the New York City Mechanical Code.
Systems involving hazardous materials shall be suitable for the intended application. Controls shall be designed to prevent materials from entering or leaving process or reaction systems at other than the intended time, rate or path. Automatic controls, where provided, shall be designed to be fail safe.
The inside storage, dispensing and use of hazardous
materials shall be in accordance with the New York City Fire Code and Sections 414.5.1 through
414.5.4 of this code.
Explosion control shall be provided in accordance with the New York City Fire Code as required by Table 414.5.1 where quantities of hazardous materials specified in that table exceed the maximum allowable quantities in Table 307.1(1) or where a structure, room or space is occupied for purposes involving explosion hazards as required by the New York City Fire Code or Section 415 of this code.
| MATERIAL | CLASS | EXPLOSION CONTROL METHODS | |
| Barricade construction | Explosion (deflagration) venting or explosion (deflagration) prevention systemsb |
||
| HAZARD CATEGORY | |||
| Combustible dustsc | — | Not Required | Required |
| Cryogenic flammables | — | Not Required | Required |
| Explosives | Division 1.1 | Required | Not Required |
| Division 1.2 | Required | Not Required | |
| Division 1.3 | Not Required | Required | |
| Division 1.4 | Not Required | Required | |
| Division 1.5 | Required | Not Required | |
| Division 1.6 | Required | Not Required | |
| Flammable gas | Gaseous | Not Required | Required |
| Liquefied | Not Required | Required | |
| Flammable liquid | IAd | Not Required | Required |
| IBe | Not Required | Required | |
| Organic peroxidesg | UI | Required | Not Permitted |
| Required | Not Permitted | ||
| Oxidizer liquids and solids | 4 | Required | Not Permitted |
| Pyrophoric gasg | — | Not Required | Required |
| Unstable (reactive) | 4 | Required | Not Permitted |
| 3 Detonable | Required | Not Permitted | |
| 3 Nondetonable | Not Required | Required | |
| Water-reactive liquids and solidsg | 3 | Not Required | Required |
| 2g | Not Required | Required | |
| SPECIAL USES | |||
| Grain processing | — | Not Required | Required |
| Where explosion hazards existf | Detonation | Required | Not Permitted |
| Deflagration | Not Required | Required | |
- See Section 414.1.3.
- See the New York City Fire Code.
- As generated during manufacturing or processing.
- Storage or use.
- In open use or dispensing.
- Rooms containing dispensing and use of hazardous materials when an explosive environment can occur because of the characteristics or nature of the hazardous materials or as a result of the dispensing or use process.
- A method of explosion control shall be provided when Class 2 water-reactive materials can form potentially explosive mixtures.
- Explosion venting is not required for Group H-5 fabrication areas complying with the New York City Fire Code and Section 415.11.1 of this code.
Where required by the New York City Fire
Code or this code, mechanical ventilation, treatment systems, temperature control, alarm,
detection or other electrically operated systems shall be provided
with emergency or standby power in accordance with Section 2702 of
this code. For storage and use areas for highly toxic or toxic materials, see the New York City Fire
Code.
Emergency or standby power is not required for the mechanical ventilation systems provided for any of the following:
- Storage of Class IB and IC flammable and combustible liquids in closed containers not exceeding 6.5 gallons (25 L) capacity.
- Storage of Class 1 and 2 oxidizers.
- Storage of Class II, III, IV and V organic peroxides.
- Storage of asphyxiant, irritant and radioactive gases.
Standby power for mechanical ventilation, treatment systems and temperature control systems shall not be required where an approved fail-safe engineered system is installed.
Rooms, buildings or areas occupied for the storage of solid and liquid hazardous materials shall be provided with a means to control spillage and to contain or drain off spillage and fire protection water discharged in the storage area where required in the New York City Fire Code. The methods of spill control shall be in accordance with the New York City Fire Code.
When required by the New York City Fire Code, a one-hour room shall be provided for the storage of medical gases inside of buildings, with the protected openings and ventilation provisions as required by the New York City Fire Code.
The outdoor storage, dispensing and use of hazardous materials shall be in accordance with the New York City Fire Code.
The distance from the structure to buildings, lot lines, public ways or means of egress to a public way shall be not less than the distance required for an outside hazardous material storage or use area without weather protection.
The overhead structure shall be of approved noncombustible construction with a maximum area of 1,500 square feet (140 m2).
The provisions of Sections 415.1 through 415.11 shall apply to the storage and use of
hazardous materials in excess of the maximum allowable quantities per control area listed in Section
307.1. Buildings and structures with an occupancy in Group H shall also comply with the applicable
provisions of the New York City Fire Code and Section 414 of this code including, but not limited to,
location and installation provisions.
The following terms are defined in Chapter 2:
- CONTINUOUS GAS DETECTION SYSTEM.
- DETACHED BUILDING.
- EMERGENCY CONTROL STATION.
- EXHAUSTED ENCLOSURE.
- FABRICATION AREA.
- FLAMMABLE VAPORS OR FUMES.
- GAS CABINET.
- GAS ROOM.
- HAZARDOUS PRODUCTION MATERIAL (HPM).
- HPM FLAMMABLE LIQUID.
- HPM ROOM.
- IMMEDIATELY DANGEROUS TO LIFE AND HEALTH (IDLH).
- LIQUID.
- LIQUID STORAGE ROOM.
- LIQUID USE, DISPENSING AND MIXING ROOM.
- LOWER FLAMMABLE LIMIT (LFL).
- NORMAL TEMPERATURE AND PRESSURE (NTP).
- PHYSIOLOGICAL WARNING THRESHOLD LEVEL.
- SERVICE CORRIDOR.
- SOLID. STORAGE,
- HAZARDOUS MATERIALS.
- USE (MATERIAL).
- WORKSTATION.
Group H occupancies shall be provided with an automatic
fire detection system in accordance with Section 907.2.
Group H occupancies shall be equipped throughout with an
automatic sprinkler system in accordance with Section 903.2.5.
Emergency alarms for the detection and notification of an
emergency condition in Group H occupancies shall be provided as set forth herein.
An approved manual emergency alarm system shall be provided in
buildings, rooms or areas used for storage of hazardous materials. Emergency alarm-initiating
devices shall be installed outside of each interior exit or exit access door of storage buildings,
rooms or areas. Activation of an emergency alarm-initiating device shall sound a local alarm to
alert occupants of an emergency situation involving hazardous materials.
Where hazardous materials having a hazard
ranking of 3 or 4 in accordance with NFPA 704 are transported through corridors, interior exit stairways or ramps, or exit passageways, there shall be an emergency
telephone system, a local manual alarm station or an approved alarm-initiating device at not more than 150-foot (45 720 mm) intervals and at each exit and exit access doorway throughout the
transport route. The signal shall be relayed to an approved central, proprietary or remote
station service or constantly attended on-site location and shall initiate a local
audible alarm.
Emergency alarm systems shall be supervised by an approved
central, proprietary or remote station service or shall initiate an audible and visual signal at a
constantly attended on-site location.
Emergency alarm systems shall be provided with emergency
power in accordance with Section 2702.
Group H occupancies shall be located on
property in accordance with the other provisions of this chapter. In Groups H-2 and H-3, not less than
25 percent of the perimeter wall of the occupancy shall be an exterior wall.
Exceptions:
- Liquid use, dispensing and mixing rooms having a floor area of not more than 500 square feet (46.5 m2) need not be located on the outer perimeter of the building where they are in accordance with the New York City Fire Code and NFPA 30.
- Liquid storage rooms having a floor area of not more than 1,000 square feet (93 m2) need not be located on the outer perimeter where they are in accordance with the New York City Fire Code and NFPA 30.
- Spray paint booths that comply with the New York City Fire Code need not be located on the outer perimeter.
Upcodes Diagrams
Regardless of any other provisions, buildings containing Group H occupancies shall be set back to the minimum fire separation distance as set forth in Sections 415.6.1.1 through 415.6.1.4. Distances shall be measured from the walls enclosing the occupancy to lot lines, including those on a public way. Distances to assumed lot lines established for the purpose of determining exterior wall and opening protection are not to be used to establish the minimum fire separation distance for buildings on sites where explosives are manufactured or used when separation is provided in accordance with the quantity distance tables specified for explosive materials in the New York City Fire Code.
For SI: 1 pound = 0.454 kg, 1 foot = 304.8 mm.
| QUANTITY OF EXPLOSIVE MATERIALa, d | MINIMUM DISTANCE (feet) | |||
| Lot linesb and inhabited buildingsc | Separation of magazinese | |||
| Pounds over | Pounds not over | Barricaded | Unbarricaded | |
| 0 | 5 | 70 | 140 | 12 |
| 5 | 10 | 90 | 180 | 16 |
| 10 | 20 | 110 | 220 | 20 |
| 20 | 30 | 125 | 250 | 22 |
| 30 | 40 | 140 | 280 | 24 |
| 40 | 50 | 150 | 300 | 28 |
| 50 | 75 | 170 | 340 | 30 |
| 75 | 100 | 190 | 380 | 32 |
| 100 | 125 | 200 | 400 | 36 |
| 125 | 150 | 215 | 430 | 38 |
| 150 | 200 | 235 | 470 | 42 |
| 200 | 250 | 255 | 510 | 46 |
| 250 | 300 | 270 | 540 | 48 |
| 300 | 400 | 295 | 590 | 54 |
| 400 | 500 | 320 | 640 | 58 |
| 500 | 600 | 340 | 680 | 62 |
| 600 | 700 | 355 | 710 | 64 |
| 700 | 800 | 375 | 750 | 66 |
| 800 | 900 | 390 | 780 | 70 |
| 900 | 1,000 | 400 | 800 | 72 |
For SI: 1 pound = 0.454 kg, 1 foot = 304.8 mm.
- The number of pounds of explosives listed is the number of pounds of trinitrotoluene (TNT) or the equivalent pounds of other explosive.
- The distance listed is the distance to lot line, including lot lines at public ways.
- For the purpose of this table, an inhabited building is any building on the same tax lot that is regularly occupied by people. Where two or more buildings containing explosives or magazines are located on the tax lot, each building or magazine shall comply with the minimum distances specified from inhabited buildings and, in addition, they shall be separated from each other by not less than the distance shown for "Separation of magazines," except that the quantity of explosive materials contained in detonator buildings or magazines shall govern in regard to the spacing of said detonator buildings or magazines from buildings or magazines containing other explosive materials. If any two or more buildings or magazines are separated from each other by less than the specified "Separation of magazines" distances, then such two or more buildings or magazines, as a group, shall be considered as one building or magazine, and the total quantity of explosive materials stored in such group shall be treated as if the explosive were in a single building or magazine located on the site of any building or magazine of the group, and shall comply with the minimum distance specified from other magazines or inhabited buildings.
- Storage of explosives in a quantity exceeding 1,000 pounds in one magazine is prohibited.
- Magazine is a building or structure, other than an operating building, approved for storage of explosive materials. Portable or mobile magazines not exceeding 120 square feet (11 m2) in area need not comply with the requirements of this code, however, all magazines shall comply with the New York City Fire Code.
- This table shall not apply to the temporary storage incidental to transportation.
Group H-1 occupancies shall be set back not less than 75 feet (22 860 mm) and not less than required by the New York City Fire Code.
Exceptions:
- Fireworks manufacturing buildings separated in accordance with NFPA 1124.
- Buildings containing the following materials when separated in accordance with Table 415.6.1 of this code:
- Organic peroxides, unclassified detonable.
- Unstable reactive materials Class 4.
- Unstable reactive materials, Class 3 detonable.
- Detonable pyrophoric materials.
Group H-2 occupancies shall be set back not less than
30 feet (9144 mm) where the area of the occupancy exceeds 1,000 square feet (93 m2), and it
is not required to be located in a detached building.
Group H-2 and H-3 occupancies shall be set
back not less than 50 feet (15 240 mm) where a detached building is required (see Table
415.6.2).
Group H-2 and H-3 occupancies containing materials with
explosive characteristics shall be separated as required by the New York City Fire Code.
Where separations are not specified, the distances required shall not be less than the distances
required by Table 415.6.1.
The storage or use of hazardous materials in excess of those amounts listed in Table 415.6.2 shall be in accordance with the applicable provisions of Sections 415.7 and 415.8.
| A DETACHED BUILDING IS REQUIRED WHEN THE QUANTITY OF MATERIAL EXCEEDS THAT LISTED HEREIN | |||
| Material | Class | Solids and Liquids (tons)a,b | Gases (cubic feet)a,b |
| Explosives | Division 1.1 | Maximum Allowable Quantity | Not Applicable |
| Division 1.2 | Maximum Allowable Quantity | ||
| Division 1.3 | Maximum Allowable Quantity | ||
| Division 1.4 | Maximum Allowable Quantity | ||
| Division 1.4c | 1 | ||
| Division 1.5 | Maximum Allowable Quantity | ||
| Division 1.6 | Maximum Allowable Quantity | ||
| Oxidizers | Class 4 | Maximum Allowable Quantity | Maximum Allowable Quantity |
| Unstable (reactives) detonable | Class 3 or 4 | Maximum Allowable Quantity | Maximum Allowable Quantity |
| Oxidizer, liquids and solids | Class 3 | 1,200 | Not Applicable |
| Class 2 | 2,000 | Not Applicable | |
| Organic peroxides | Detonable | Maximum Allowable Quantity | Not Applicable |
| Class I | Maximum Allowable Quantity | Not Applicable | |
| Class II | 25 | Not Applicable | |
| Class III | 50 | Not Applicable | |
| Unstable (reactives) nondetonable | Class 3 | 1 | 2,000 |
| Class 2 | 25 | 10,000 | |
| Water reactives | Class 3 | 1 | Not Applicable |
| Class 2 | 25 | Not Applicable | |
| Pyrophoric gases | Not Applicable | Not Applicable | 2,000 |
For SI: 1 ton = 906 kg, 1 cubic foot = 0.02832 m3, 1 pound = 0.454 kg.
- a. For materials that are detonable, the distance to other buildings or lot lines shall be as specified in Table 415.6.1 based on trinitrotoluene (TNT) equivalence of the material. For materials classified as explosives, see the New York City Fire Code. Unclassified detonable organic peroxides, detonable pyrophoric materials, detonable unstable (reactive) materials and detonable water-reactive materials shall be considered as explosives for the purposes of storage.
- b. "Maximum Allowable Quantity" means the maximum allowable quantity per control area set forth in Table 307.1(1).
- c. Limited to Division 1.4 materials and articles, including articles packaged for shipment, that are not regulated as an explosive under Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco Firearms and Explosives (BATF) regulations or unpackaged articles used in process operations that do not propagate a detonation or deflagration between articles, provided the net explosive weight of individual articles does not exceed 1 pound.
Where a detached building is required by Table
415.6.2, there are no requirements for wall and opening protection based on fire
separation distance.