Nonmandatory Appendix C Location of Top Emergency Exit
Nonmandatory Appendix D Rated Load and Capacity Plates for Passenger Elevators
Nonmandatory Appendix E Elevator Requirements for Persons With Physical Disabilities in Jurisdictions Enforcing NBCC
Nonmandatory Appendix F Ascending Car Overspeed and Unintended Car Movement Protection
Nonmandatory Appendix G Top of Car Clearance
Nonmandatory Appendix H Private Residence Elevator Guarding (5.3.1.6.2)
Nonmandatory Appendix I Escalator and Moving Walk Diagrams
Nonmandatory Appendix J Relationship of Pit Ladder to Hoistway Door Unlocking Means
Nonmandatory Appendix K Beveling and Clearance Requirements (7.4.7.4)
Nonmandatory Appendix L Index of Alteration Requirements for Electric Elevators, Hydraulic Elevators, Escalators, and Moving Walks
Nonmandatory Appendix M Inertia Application for Type A Safety Device Location of Test Weight [8.10.2.2.2(ii)(2)]
Nonmandatory Appendix N Recommended Inspection and Test Intervals in "Months"
Nonmandatory Appendix P Plunger Gripper Stopping Distances
Nonmandatory Appendix Q Explanatory Figures for the Definitions of Elevator Machinery Space, Machine Room, Control Space, Control Room, Remote Machine Room, or Remote Control Room
Nonmandatory Appendix R Inspection Operation and Hoistway Access Switch Operation Hierarchy
Nonmandatory Appendix S Vertically Sliding Doors - Illustrations of Detection Zones (2.13.3.4)
Nonmandatory Appendix T Inspection and Replacement of Steel Wire Ropes
Nonmandatory Appendix U Design Requirements - Traction Elevator Suspension System
Nonmandatory Appendix V Building Features for Occupant Evacuation Operation
Nonmandatory Appendix W Wind Turbine Tower Elevator Clearances
Nonmandatory Appendix X Acceptance Tests
Nonmandatory Appendix Y Maintenance Control Program Records
(a) Keys used to open any other lock in the building shall not access or operate the devices classified as Security Group 1, 2, 3, or 4.
(b) The same key shall be permitted to access or operate all of the devices within only one assigned group (see 8.1.2, 8.1.3, 8.1.4, or 8.1.5), and not those in any other group except as indicated in 8.1.1(c).
(c) The keys for Group 1 devices shall also be permitted to operate Group 2, 3, and 4 devices. The keys for Group 2 devices shall be permitted to operate Group 3 and 4 devices.
(d) Keys shall be kept on the premises in a location readily accessible to the personnel in the assigned group, but not where they are accessible to the general public.
(d) Side emergency exit doors on existing equipment.
(e) Firefighters Emergency Operation Phase I and Phase II and Occupant Evacuation Operation shall be by New York City standard key 2642 and FDNY standard key 1620.
Requirement 8.2 contains certain design data, formulas, and charts for the designer. It is not intended to limit design. More detailed design and calculation methods shall be permitted to be used, provided that the stresses and deflections required by other sections of this Code are not exceeded.
The stresses and deflections in side-post-type car frame and platform members shall be based on the data and formulas listed in 8.2.2.
All stresses and their resultant deflections, not only those based on the data and formulas listed in this Section, shall be considered when side-post-type car frames are located off the platform centerline by more than one-eighth of the distance from the front to the back of the platform.
For cars with corner-post, underslung-type, or other special car frame and platform construction, the formulas and specified methods of calculation of loads and the resulting stresses and deflections do not generally apply and shall be modified to suit the specific conditions and requirements in each case.
The maximum allowable stresses and deflections of members of all car frames and platforms shall be not more than those permitted by 2.15.10 and 2.15.11.
The stresses in the car frame crosshead shall be based on the total load supported by the crosshead with the car and the maximum load for the class of loading in the car when at rest at the top terminal landing.
The stresses in the car frame plank when the stringers are supported directly on the plank members shall be based on the sum of five-eighths of the platform weight uniformly distributed plus the concentrated loads due to the tension in the compensation means and the traveling cables with car at top of its travel plus the loading specified in 8.2.2.3(a) or (b).
(a) For passenger and Class A freight loading, five-eighths of the rated load uniformly distributed.
(b) For Classes B and C freight loading, the loading as specified in 8.2.2.6.
In calculating the stress resulting from oil-buffer engagement, one-half the sum of the weight of the car and its rated load shall be considered as being concentrated at each end of the plank with the buffer force applied at the middle. The buffer force shall be considered to be that required to produce gravity retardation with rated load in the car.
The following formula shall be used to determine the stress resulting from buffer engagement:
(SI Units)
(Imperial Units)
Where more than one oil buffer is used, the formula shall be modified to suit the location of the buffers.
NOTE (see 8.2.2.4): Symbols used in the preceding formula are defined in 8.2.2.1.1.
The total stress in each car frame upright due to tension and bending, and the slenderness ratio of each upright and its moment of inertia, shall be determined in accordance with the following formulas.
Where KL/4HZu is the bending stress in each upright in the plane of the frame due to live load W on the platform for the class of loading A, B, or C for which the elevator is to be used (see 2.16.2.2); G/2A is the tensile strength in each upright, and K is determined by the following formulas [see Fig. 8.2.2.5.1]:
(a) For Class A freight loading or passenger loading
(SI Units)
(Imperial Units)
(b) For Class B freight loading
(SI Units)
whichever is greater.
(Imperial Units)
whichever is greater.
(c) For Class C freight loading
(SI Units)
(Imperial Units)
NOTE (8.2.2.5.1): Symbols used in the preceding formulas are defined in 8.2.2.1.1.
Fig. 8.2.2.5.1 Turning Moment Based on Class of Loading
GENERAL NOTE: See 8.2.2.5.1 for formulas in SI Units.
The slenderness ratio L/R for uprights subject to compressions other than those resulting from safety and buffer action shall not exceed 120. Where the upper side-brace connections on passenger elevatorcar frame uprights are located at a point less than two-thirds of L from the bottom, (top fastening in car frame plank) a slenderness ratio of L/R not exceeding 160 is permissible (L/R ≤ 160).
NOTE (8.2.2.5.2): Symbols used in the above formulas are defined in 8.2.2.1.1.
The calculation for stresses in the platform members of freight elevators shall be based on the following concentrated loads assumed to occupy the position that will produce the maximum stress:
(a) for Class A Loading, 25% of the rated load
(b) for Class B Loading, 75% of the rated load or 15 400 kg (34,000 lb), whichever is less, divided into two equal parts 1 525 mm (60 in.) apart
(c) for Class C1 Loading, with a load rating of 9 000 kg (20,000 lb) or less, 80% of the rated load divided into two equal parts, 765 mm (30 in.) apart
(d) for Class C2 Loading, with a load rating of 9 000 kg (20,000 lb) or less, 80% of the rated load or of the loaded truck weight, whichever is greater, divided into two equal parts, 765 mm (30 in.) apart
(e) for Class C1 or C2 Loading, with a rated load in excess of 9 000 kg (20,000 lb), 80% of the 9 000 kg (20,000 lb) or of the maximum loaded truck weight, whichever is greater, divided into two equal parts, 765 mm (30 in.) apart
(f) for Class C3 Loading, determined on the basis of the actual loading conditions but not less than that required for Class A loading
The stresses in hoisting rope hitch plates and shapes shall be based on the total applied rope load with the car and its rated load at rest at the top terminal landing.
The following formulas give the buffer reaction and the impact on the car and counterweight oil buffer supports resulting from buffer engagement [see 2.1.2.3(a) or 3.22.1.2.1]:
The following formulas give the buffer reaction and the impact on the supports of car and counterweight spring buffers that do not fully compress under the conditions outlined in 2.1.2.3(a):
The following formula gives the value of the stopping distance based on gravity retardation from any initial velocity (see 2.4.6, 2.4.8, 2.4.9, and 2.22.4.1):
(SI Units)
S = 51V2
(Imperial Units)
where
S
=
free fall (gravity stopping distance), mm (in.)
V
=
initial velocity, m/s (ft/min)
Figure 8.2.4 shows the gravity stopping distances from various initial velocities.
(a) Where slenderness ratio of plunger is less than 120
(SI Units)
(Imperial Units)
(b) Where slenderness ratio of plunger is greater than 120
(SI Units)
(Imperial Units)
Formulas are for steel where
A
=
net sectional area of plunger (area of metal), m2 (in.2)
L
=
maximum free length of plunger, mm (in.). Where a plunger-follower guide conforming to 3.18.2.7 is used, L shall be taken as one-half the amount that the free length would be if no follower guide were provided.
allowable gross weight to be sustained by plunger, N (lbf). Where a counterweight is provided, the weight of the counterweight plus the unbalanced weight of the counterweight ropes shall be permitted to be deducted in determining W. In determining W, one-half of the weight of the plunger shall be included except where a plunger-follower guide conforming to 3.18.2.7 is used, in which case, three-fourths of the plunger weight shall be included.
W/A
=
fiber stress, kPa (psi)
NOTE [8.2.8.1.1(a) and (b)]: Figure 8.2.8.1.1 has been calculated from the formulas given in 8.2.8.1.1 for the more usual pipe sizes and pipe schedules and indicate allowable gross loads directly.
(c)Plungers having a free length of 7.6 m (25 ft) or less shall be permitted to be accepted without further examination for strength and elastic stability, provided all of the following conditions exist:
(2) the plunger is 100 mm (4 in.) nominal pipe size or larger
(3) pipe not lighter than schedule 40 is used, and not more than 1.6 mm (0.063 in.) of metal has been removed from the wall thickness in machining
(d) Plungers With Varying Cross Section. For plungers with varying cross section, the stress shall be calculated for a factor of safety of at least 3 using accepted methods for elastic stability.
Fig. 8.2.8.1.1 Allowable Gross Loads
GENERAL NOTES:
Curves are based upon the removal of not more than 1.5 mm (0.0625 in.) from the wall thickness in machining.
Curves stop at 18 m (59 ft) for convenience only. For plunger sizes or lengths not shown on this chart, see the applicable formula in 8.2.8.1.1.
Fig. 8.2.8.1.1 Allowable Gross Loads (Cont'd)
GENERAL NOTES:
Curves are based upon the removal of not more than 1.5 mm (0.0625 in.) from the wall thickness in machining.
Curves stop at 18 m (59 ft) for convenience only. For plunger sizes or lengths not shown on this chart, see the applicable formula in 8.2.8.1.1.
For plungers subject to bending, the stresses due to bending as determined by the following formulas shall be subtracted from the stresses W/A as determined by the applicable formula in 8.2.8.1.1.
(SI Units)
(Imperial Units)
where
e
=
eccentricity of Wb, mm (in.)
S
=
stress due to bending, MPa (psi)
Wb
=
maximum eccentric load, N (lbf). Where any or all of this load is caused by moving wheel loads imposed on the edge of the platform, the total of such loads shall be doubled for impact (see 8.2.2.6).
Telescoping plungers shall have each plunger section internally guided. If more than two movable sections are used, plunger follower guides shall be provided for each plunger section. In the formulas in 8.2.8.1.1(a) and 8.2.8.1.1(b), the values of A and R shall be for the smallest plunger section. When plunger follower guides are used, the value of L shall be the maximum free length of the smallest section in millimeters (inches). When plunger follower guides are not used, the value of L shall be taken as 1.4 times the maximum free length of the smallest plunger section.
Heads of cylinders and heads of plungers subject to fluid pressure shall be designed and constructed in accordance with one of the following applicable formulas:
(a) Flat unreinforced heads
(b) Dished seamless hemispherical heads, concave to pressure
(c) Dished seamless ellipsoidal heads, concave to pressure (ellipsoidal heads in which one-half of the minor axis equals one-quarter the inside diameter of skirt),
where
D
=
inside diameter of skirt, mm (in.)
d
=
diameter of head between supporting edges, mm (in.)
The minimum wall thickness of pipe shall be 1.65 mm plus C or as determined by the following:
or
where
C
=
1.3 mm (0.05 in.) for threaded pipe up to 9.5 mm (3/8 in.) pipe size, the depth of the thread in millimeters for threaded pipe over 9.5 mm (3/8 in.) pipe size, the depth of groove in millimeters for grooved pipe, or 0.000 for other pipe or unreduced thickness
D
=
the outside diameter of pipe, mm (in.)
e
=
the joint efficiency: 1 for seamless pipe; 0.85 for electric resistance welded pipe
Steel pipes and fittings used for gauge ports need not comply with this formula, but shall be a minimum of Schedule 80 pipe and maximum length of 75 mm (3 in.), except as permitted by 3.19.2.4.
Except as required in 3.19.3.3.1(b), the minimum factor of safety for components subject to fluid pressure shall be as follows:
where
E
=
percent elongation in 50 mm (2 in.) gauge length as per ASTM Standard E8 expressed as a whole number (e.g., 20% = 20 and 5% = 5). The minimum allowable E shall be 5.
F
=
minimum factor of safety based on 0.2% proof stress yield point. The minimum allowable F shall be 3.
The stresses and deflections in side-post-type car frame and platform members shall be based on the data and formulas listed in 8.2.9.
All stresses and their resultant deflections, not only those based on the data and formulas in this Section, shall be considered when side-post-type car frames are located off the platform center line by more than one-eighth of the distance from the front to the back of the platform.
For cars and corner-post, sub-post, or other special car frame and platform construction, the formulas and specified methods of calculation of loads and the resulting stresses and deflections do not generally apply and shall be modified to suit the specific conditions and requirements in each case.
The maximum allowable stresses and deflections of members of all car frames and platforms shall be not more than those permitted by 3.15.2.
The maximum stresses in car frame uprights that are normally subject to compression shall be such that the quantity [(fa / Fa) + (fb / Fb)] does not exceed unity
where
Fa
=
allowable axial compressive unit stress [not exceeding 117 200 — 3.344 (L/R)2 in SI units and 17,000 — 0.485 (L/R)2 in Imperial units]
fa
=
actual axial compressive unit stress based on gross section
Fb
=
allowable bending unit stress [113 MPa (16,500 psi), if area basis is gross section or 138 MPa (20,000 psi) if area basis is net section]
fb
=
actual bending unit stress
L
=
free length of uprights (distance from lowest fastening in crosshead to top fastening in plank), mm (in.)
The stresses in the car frame crosshead shall be based on the total load, if any, supported by the crosshead.
The crosshead members(s) and connection between the crosshead and upright (stile) shall be designed to resist the bending moment, shear and axial forces transferred between the upright and the crosshead.
The bending stresses in the car frame planks due to the normal loading shall be based on the following loads:
(a) concentrated load(s) located at their point of application equal to the total maximum static load on all the driving members lifting the car divided by the number of lifting members [see Fig. 8.2.9.1.3, sketch (a)]
(b) five-eighths of the platform weight uniformly distributed over the length of the planks when the platform members are supported directly by the plank members [see Fig. 8.2.9.1.3, sketch (b)]
(c) the duty load distribution is as follows:
(1) for passenger and Class A freight loading, five-eighths of the rated load uniformly distributed over the length of the planks when the platform members are supported directly by the plank members [see Fig. 8.2.9.1.3, sketch (c)]
(2) for Classes B and C freight loading, the loading in conformance with 8.2.2.6
(d) the balance of loads shall be taken as acting at their respective point(s) of application [see Fig. 8.2.9.1.3, sketch (d)]
(e) where the platform members are only supported directly by the planks at or adjacent to the ends of the planks, 8.2.9.1.3(b) and 8.2.9.1.3(c)(1) do not apply, and concentrated loads equal to one-half of the total maximum static load on all the driving members shall be applied at each end of the planks [see Fig. 8.2.9.1.3, sketch (e)]
Fig. 8.2.9.1.3 Load Distribution
D
=
distance between guide rails, m (in.)
W
=
rated load, kg (lb) (passenger or Class A freight)
WP
=
platform weight, kg (lb)
P1, P2, P3, Pm
=
balance of loads acting on the plank members located at their respective points of application. Such loads typically include the weights of cab and doors, carframe members and guide shoes, traveling cables, electrical devices, door devices, and the balance of load distributions of the platform weight and rated load not distributed to the plank members.
P5
=
total maximum static load on all the driving members, kg (lb)
The stresses in each car frame upright due to compression and bending and the slenderness ratio of each upright and its moment of inertia shall be determined in accordance with the following formulas:
(a) Stresses Due to Bending
where
fb
=
the bending stress in each upright in the plane of the frame due to the live load W on the platform for the class of loading A, B, or C for which the elevator is to be used (see 2.16.2.2 and 3.16)
K
=
turning moment in N•m (lbf-in.) as determined by the class of loading (see Fig. 8.2.2.5.1) by the following formulas
(1) For Class A freight loading or passenger loading
(SI Units)
(Imperial Units)
(2) For Class B freight loading
(SI Units)
(Imperial Units)
whichever is greater.
(3) For Class C freight loading
(SI Units)
(Imperial Units)
NOTE [8.2.9.1.4(a)]: Symbols used in the above formulas are defined in 8.2.2.1.1.
(b) Stresses Due to Compression
fa = compressive stress in each upright
(c) Slenderness Ratio. The slenderness ratio L/R for uprights subject to compressions other than those resulting from buffer or safety action shall not exceed 120. Where the upper side-brace connections on passenger elevatorcar frame uprights are located at a point less than two-thirds of L from the bottom (top fastening in car frame plank), a slenderness ratio of L/R not exceeding 160 is permissible.
(d) Moment of Inertia. The moment of inertia of each upright shall be not less than determined by the following formula:
(SI Units)
(Imperial Units)
NOTE [8.2.9.1.4(d)]: Symbols used in the above formula are defined in 8.2.2.1.1.
The following formulas shall be used to determine the maximum and minimum stopping distances for Type B car and counterweight safeties used on inclined elevators (see 5.1.14.2):
(c) The tests shall be permitted to be made by laboratories other than the certifying organization or manufacturers, but the responsibility shall remain with the original certifying organization.
(c) the manufacturer's designation of the type or model tested
(d) the certifying organization's label/mark and the method of affixing the label/mark to each component or each piece of equipment subsequently manufactured, where required
(e) the method of testing, the test report, and a list of the instruments used (Note: this may be attached to the certificate)
(f) the conditions for use of the certificate and label/mark
(g) a statement to the effect that the component or equipment tested has met the specified test requirements
(h) any other information required in ASME A17.1/CSA B44
(i) the edition of the Code under which the component was tested and certified
The certificate shall be valid until recalled by the certifying organization or until the applicable requirements in ASME A17.1/CSA B44 are changed unless otherwise stated (see 8.3.1.4).
The drawings and other documents submitted by the applicant (see 8.3.1.2), together with the original test records, data, performance curves, and certificate shall be filed, as a permanent record for future reference.
Where any change is made in the design of the component or equipment after certification, including changes resulting from the revisions in applicable code requirements, revised drawings showing such changes shall be filed with the original or other certifying organization. The certifying organization shall issue to the applicant a revised certificate, based upon the previous test results or any new tests that are needed, depending on the nature of the changes.
Changes in the design that do not affect the performance of the component or equipment shall be permitted to be made without the approval of the certifying organization. The certifying organization shall be apprised in writing of the change.
The application required in 8.3.1.2 shall include information on the expected maximum impact speed, maximum and minimum total loads, and complete data for the oil porting in relation to the effective buffer stroke.
Tests shall be made on a buffer of each type or design to be installed. Each buffer shall conform to the documents submitted and have the following oil portings:
(a) the porting having the range of the maximum loads for which the buffer is designed
(b) the porting having the range of the minimum loads for which the buffer is designed
The testing equipment shall be of such design as to perform the tests specified herein and to determine that the buffer conforms to all the requirements of 2.22 for oil buffers and shall also conform to 8.3.2.3.1 through 8.3.2.3.3.
The instruments used to measure the test results shall conform to the following requirements:
(a) The instruments shall be of the recording type.
(b) The instruments shall provide data, for the plotting of the buffer performance curves showing time intervals, travel of test weight, velocity of test weight, and retardation of test weight during the buffer stroke, that shall be accurate to within the following tolerances:
(1) The timing device shall record time in increments of not more than 1/60 s during the entire buffer stroke.
(2) Time increments and total time shall be recorded with an error of less than ±0.5%.
(3) The position of the test weight at each time interval shall be recorded with an error of less than ±0.1%.
(4) Time, travel, velocity, and retardation shall be determined by means of a device that will provide the accuracy specified.
A buffer of the spring-return type shall be placed on a foundation designed to withstand without appreciable deformation the forces resulting from the buffer compression on the drop tests. The buffer shall be installed in a vertical position and located centrally with relation to the drop-test weight.
The buffer test shall be on a production model or a buffer identical to the model to be produced. Modifications or special adjustments for the purpose of meeting the test requirements are prohibited.
The buffer, after being installed, shall be filled with oil to a level at or between the manufacturer's gauge line or lines. The oil shall conform to 2.22.4.9 and the data specified on the buffer marking plate.
After filling with oil, the procedure outlined below shall be followed to ensure that a constant oil level has been established.
(a) The buffer shall be fully compressed at slow speed, and shall then be allowed to return to its fully extended position and remain there for at least 10 min. The oil level shall then be checked.
(b) If the oil level as previously determined has changed, due to the elimination of entrapped air or due to the retention of air under pressure within the buffer, the change in level shall be noted and the procedure repeated until a constant oil level is obtained when the buffer is in its extended position.
(c) If the oil level tends to remain above the level to which it was filled, the air vents, if provided, should be checked for obstructions.
(d) When a constant oil level has been established, the level shall be adjusted to the manufacturer's lowest gauge line, and the exact level noted and recorded before making the drop tests hereinafter specified.
Each oil buffer with oil portings as submitted shall be subjected to tests for retardation, strength, oil leakage, plunger return, and lateral plunger movement, as hereinafter specified.
The following drop tests shall be made for each buffer porting specified in 8.3.2.2, from a height such that the striking velocity of the falling weight will be equal to 115% of the rated car speed for which the buffer is designed:
(a) three drop tests with a total test weight equal to the manufacturer's rated maximum load for which the porting is designed [see 8.3.2.2(a)]
(b) one drop test with a total test weight equal to the manufacturer's rated minimum load for which the porting is designed [see 2.7.2.2]
Following each drop test, the buffer shall be held its fully compressed position for a period of 5 min, and shall then be allowed to return free to its fully extended position and stand for 30 min to permit return of the oil to the reservoir and to permit escape of any air entrained in the oil.
On each of these tests, the average retardation of the test weight, during the stroke of the buffer, shall not exceed 9.81 m/s2 (32.2 ft/s2), and any retardation peak having a duration of more than 0.04 s shall not exceed 24.5 m/s2 (80.5 ft/s2).
On completion of the drop tests, no part of the buffer shall show any permanent deformation or injury.
(1) One drop test shall be made with the porting as specified in 8.3.2.2(a), with a total test weight equal to 120% of the manufacturer's rated maximum load, from a height such that the maximum velocity attained by the falling weight during the buffer compression shall be equal to 125% of the rated car speed for which the buffer is rated. In this test, the retardation shall be noted and shall be permitted to exceed the values specified in 8.3.2.5.1.
Immediately following this test, the buffer shall be examined externally for visible deformation or injury. If no damage is apparent, the buffer shall then be fully compressed at low speed and then released to determine if it will return freely to its extended position.
(2) After the buffer has been examined externally and has returned freely to its extended position, a second drop test shall be made from the same height and with the same load as specified in 8.3.2.5.1(a). During this test, the retardation shall not exceed the corresponding retardation developed in the test specified in 8.3.2.5.1(a) by more than 5%.
(b) If for given stroke of buffer having more than one porting, the construction of the buffer varies for the different portings, then a strength test similar to that specified in 8.3.2.5.2(a)(1) shall also be made for the porting having the range at minimum loads for which the porting is designed as specified in 8.3.2.2(b).
Following each drop test, the buffer shall be held in its fully compressed position for a period of 5 min, and shall then be allowed to freely return to its fully extended position and stand for 30 min to permit return of the oil to the reservoir and to permit the escape of any air entrained in the oil.
Tests for oil leakage shall be made concurrently with the retardation tests specified in 8.3.2.5.1, and the drop test specified in 8.3.2.5.2(a)(2), to determine the loss of oil during these tests. The oil level shall be noted after the buffer has returned to its fully extended position following each drop test, and after the time interval specified in 8.3.2.5.1.
The drop in oil level, as indicated by these measurements, shall show no loss of oil exceeding 5 mm/m (0.06 in./ft) of buffer stroke, but in no case shall the loss be such as to lower the oil level below the bottom of the plunger or below the highest metering orifice, whichever is higher.
Where the volume of oil above the porting is small when the buffer is filled to its normal working level, the laboratory shall be permitted to make additional tests for oil leakage.
During the drop tests specified in 8.3.2.5.1 and 8.3.2.5.2, the time required for the bufferplunger to return to its fully extended position, measured from the instant the test weight is raised clear of the buffer until the plunger has returned to its fully extended position, shall be noted. This time shall be not more than 90 s.
Should the plunger fail to return to its fully extended position, or should the time required for it to return to its fully extended position exceed the time specified, the manufacturer shall either submit a duplicate buffer or install a new pressure cylinder and piston, following which the plunger-return test shall be repeated. Should the buffer again fail to meet the plunger-return test requirements, it shall be rejected.
Buffers of the spring-return type shall be tested for plunger return with a 20 kg (45 lb) test weight resting on top of the plunger during the test. The plunger shall be depressed 50 mm (2 in.) and when released, the plunger, while supporting the test weight, shall return to its fully extended position within 30 s.
The following tests shall be made for lateral movement.
(a) Spring-Return-Type Buffers. The lateral movement at the top of the fully extended plunger shall be accurately measured, the upper end of the plunger being manually moved from its extreme right to its extreme left position. One-half of the total movement measured shall be considered as being the true lateral movement at the top of the plunger and shall not exceed 5 mm/m (0.06 in./ft) of buffer stroke.
(b) Gravity-Return-Type Buffers. A similar test for lateral movement shall be made. The measurement shall be taken at the lower end of the buffer cylinder when the bufferplunger is fully extended and braced to prevent lateral movement. One-half of the total movement measured shall not exceed 5 mm/m (0.06 in./ft) of buffer stroke.
After the buffer has been subjected to all of the specified tests, and all test records and data indicate that it conforms to 2.22, and to the requirements of 8.3.2, the laboratory shall issue a test report and a certificate to the manufacturer.
The certificate shall conform to 8.3.1.3.1 and shall include the following:
(a) the maximum impact speed
(b) the maximum total load
(c) the minimum total load
(d) specification of the fluid
(e) a statement to the effect that the buffer having the particular stroke and portings tested has met the requirements of 2.22 and 8.3.2 for the maximum and minimum loads as stated in the certificate
When the test results are not satisfactory with the minimum and maximum total loads appearing in the application, the laboratory shall be permitted to, in agreement with the applicant, establish the acceptable limits.
Prior to testing, the certifying organization shall examine each device submitted to ascertain that it conforms to the applicable requirements in Part 2.
During the tests specified by 8.3.3.4.1, 8.3.3.4.3, and 8.3.3.4.4, the devices shall have their electrical parts connected in a noninductive electrical circuit having a constant resistance and in which a current of twice the rated current at rated voltage is flowing. The electric circuit shall be closed, but shall not be broken at the contact within the device on each cycle of operation during the tests.
If the electric contact of a device submitted for test has already been tested as part of another device, and has successfully met the test requirements (see 8.3.3), the electrical tests of the contact need not be repeated.
The testing equipment shall actuate the mechanical locking members of hoistway door (runway door) combination mechanical locks and electric contacts to unlock at each cycle of operation during the tests specified by 8.3.3.4.1, 8.3.3.4.3, and 8.3.3.4.4.
The device, lubricated in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions, shall complete 960 000 cycles of operation without failure of any kind, without excessive wearing or loosening of parts, or without undue burning or pitting of the contacts (see 8.3.3.3.1). For private residence elevators the number of cycles shall be reduced to 25 000.
After completion of the test specified by 8.3.3.4.1, the device used therein shall satisfactorily complete the following additional tests, to check that the ability to break a live circuit is adequate.
The tests shall be carried out with the locking device located in accordance with the manufacturer's drawings. If several positions are indicated, the test shall be made in the position that the laboratory judges to be the most unfavorable.
The sample tested shall be provided with covers and electrical wiring in accordance with the manufacturer's drawings.
(a) AC rated locking devices shall have their electrical parts connected to an inductive circuit with a power factor of 0.7 ± 0.05 in which a current of 11 times the rated current, at 110% of rated voltage, is flowing. The AC locking devices shall open and close 50 times, at normal speed, and at intervals of 5 s to 10 s, with the contact remaining closed for at least 0.5 s.
(b) DC rated locking devices shall have their electrical parts connected to an inductive circuit in which the current reaches 95% of the steady state value of 110% of the rated current in 0.3 s maximum, at 110% of rated voltage. The DC locking devices shall open and close 20 times, at normal speed, and at intervals of 5 s to 10 s, with the contact remaining closed for at least 0.5 s.
(c) The test results are considered satisfactory if no evidence of insulation breakdown due to arcing or tracking occurs and if no deterioration occurs that could adversely affect safety.
After completion of the test specified by 8.3.3.4.2, the device used therein shall be used for this test.
The device, except self-lubricating bearings and bearings of a type not requiring frequent replenishment of lubricant, shall then be taken apart and freed of lubricant by washing in nonflammable liquids having cleansing characteristics.
After reassembling, the device shall, without other than the usual initial adjustment (i.e., without adjustment especially made to meet the conditions of the particular test) and without further attention, complete 25 000 cycles or 20 000 cycles for private residence elevator of operation without failure of any kind, without excessive wearing or loosening of parts, and without undue burning or pitting of contacts.
After completion of the test specified by 8.3.3.4.3, the device used therein shall be used for this test.
The device shall be subjected continuously, in an unventilated enclosure, to an atmosphere saturated with a range of 3.5% to 5% solution of sodium chloride for 72 consecutive hours. During this period, it shall be operated for only 10 consecutive cycles at the end of each of the first two 24 h periods and shall be allowed to stand exposed to the air for 24 h, and shall not fail in a manner that creates an unsafe condition.
The device shall again be lubricated and shall, without adjustment and without further attention, complete 15 000 cycles or 10 000 cycles for private residence elevator of operation without failure of any kind.
(a) All Types of Doors. The device shall operate effectively when the car cam or other equivalent operating device used in making the test has been displaced horizontally from its normal position (the position in which it was when the device was installed) successively as follows:
(1) in a direction perpendicular to the plane of the door opening
(a) backward 6 mm (0.25 in.)
(b) forward 6 mm (0.25 in.)
(2) in a direction parallel to the plane of the door opening
The insulation of the electrical parts shall withstand a test with a root-mean square (effective) voltage of twice the rated voltage plus 1 000 V, 60 HZ, applied for 1 min.
When testing devices of a type that are released by retiring cam (see 2.12.2.5), measurements shall be made of the force required to release the device and of the movement of the element engaged by the cam, with the device mounted in its normal position as specified by the manufacturer, before and after the test specified by 8.3.3.4.1.
The force and movement recorded in each test shall be, respectively
(a) the maximum force, measured in a horizontal plane, that must be applied to that member of the device that is directly actuated by the cam to release the door-locking member of the device from locking engagement
(b) the distance, projected on a horizontal plane, that the member of the device directly actuated by the cam travels from its position when the lock is fully engaged to its position when the locking member is released from engagement
The force and movement markings required by 2.12.4.3(f) shall be not less than the average of these recorded values.
After completion of the endurance test in 8.3.3.4.1, atype test shall be made consisting of a static force applied over a period of 300 s with the force increasing incrementally. The force shall be applied in the opening direction of the door and at a location as near to the locking element as possible, but not to exceed 300 mm (12 in.). The force shall be 1 000 N (225 lbf) in the case of a locking device intended for use with sliding doors, and 3 000 N (675 lbf) or 670 N (150 lbf) for private residence elevator applied at right angles to the panel evenly distributed over an area 5 cm2 (0.78 in.2) in round or square section in the case of a locking device intended for use with swinging doors.
In jurisdictions enforcing the NBCC, the fire protection rating of entrances and doors shall be determined in accordance with the requirements specified in the NBCC. Requirement 8.3.4.1.2 does not apply.
In jurisdictions not enforcing the NBCC, test of elevator horizontal slide-type and swing-type entrance assemblies and tests of elevator and dumbwaiter vertical slide-type entrance assemblies shall be conducted in accordance with UL 10B, or NFPA 252.
Test entrance assemblies shall be constructed in accordance with 2.11.
Test samples shall be subject to 100 000 operating cycles (100 000 up and 100 000 down) at the component rated pressure and within the fluid specifications and temperature range stipulated by the manufacturer. Each operating cycle shall be not less than 5 s nor more than 24 s.
(a) The hydraulic pressure shall be maintained at 1.5 times the component rated pressure for a period sufficient to establish the rate of leakage, but not less than 1 h nor more than 24 h. The test shall be started at the maximum stipulated fluid temperature for which the valve is designed. The fluid temperature shall be permitted to gradually decrease during the test to 20°C (68°F).
(b) The test shall be repeated using a pressure of 750 kPa (110 psi).
(c) Total leakage from output to input during either test shall not exceed the flow rate of the valve divided by one million.
The hydraulic pressure shall be maintained at twice the component rated pressure for a period of 10 min to establish the rate of leakage. The rate of leakage shall not exceed 10% of the rated flow of the valve.
For elongations greater than or equal to 10%, the pressure chambers of the valve shall be subjected to a hydraulic pressure five times the component rated pressure.
For elongations of less than 10%, the test value shall be 1.5 times the value indicated by 8.2.8.5 multiplied by the component rated pressure.
To test the strength, this hydraulic pressure shall be maintained for a period of 5 min. During the test, the valve body shall not rupture.
NOTES (8.3.5.3.4):
In order to obtain and maintain the test pressure, it is permissible to substitute alternate sealing material; and to tighten bolts during the test.
It is not expected that the valve will be able to perform its function during or after the valve body strength test.
Provided that design loads of the brake are not exceeded, it is permissible to simulate on the test escalator, by means of alternative loads, a number of heights and widths, for the purpose of certification of an escalator type (design), provided that those escalators for the additional widths and heights utilize the same motor and machine.
In jurisdictions not enforcing the NBCC, napped, tufted, woven, looped, and similar materials [see 2.14.2.1.2(b)] shall be subjected to the engineering tests specified in 8.3.7.1 through 8.3.7.6.
Specimens shall be conditioned to 21°C ± 2°C (70°F ± 5°F) and at 50% ± 5% relative humidity until moisture equilibrium is reached, or for 24 h. Only one specimen at a time shall be removed from the conditioning environment immediately before subjecting it to the flame.
Materials shall be tested either as a section cut from a fabricated part as installed in the car or as a specimen simulating a cut section, such as a specimen cut from a flat sheet of the material or a model of the fabricated part. The specimen shall be cut from any location in a fabricated part; however, fabricated units, such as sandwich panels, shall not be separated for test. The specimen shall be no thicker than the minimum thickness to be qualified for use in the car. In the case of fabrics, both the warp and fill direction of the weave shall be tested to determine the most critical flammability conditions. The specimen shall be mounted in a metal frame so that the two long edges and the upper edge are held securely. The exposed area of the specimen shall be at least 51 mm (2 in.) wide and 305 mm (12 in.) long, unless the actual size used in the car is smaller. The edge to which the burner flame is applied must not consist of the finished or protected edge of the specimen but shall be representative of the actual cross section of the material or part installed in the car.
Except as provided in 8.3.7.4, tests shall be conducted in a draft-free cabinet in accordance with FED-STD 191A, Method 5903.1, or other approved equivalent methods. Specimens that are too large for the cabinet shall be tested under similar draft- free conditions.
A minimum of three specimens shall be tested and the results averaged. For fabric, the direction of weave corresponding to the most critical flammability conditions shall be parallel to the longest dimension. Each specimen shall be supported vertically. The specimen shall be exposed to a Bunsen or Tirrill burner with a nominal 9.5 mm (0.375 in.) I.D. tube adjusted to give a flame of 38 mm (1.5 in.) in height. The minimum flame temperature measured by a calibrated thermocouple pyrometer in the center of the flame shall be 840°C (1,545°F). The lower edge of the specimen must be 19 mm (0.75 in.) above the top edge of the burner.
The flame shall be applied to the centerline of the lower edge of the specimen. The flame shall be applied for 12 s and then removed. Flame time, burn length, and flaming time of drippings, if any, shall be recorded. The burn length determined in accordance with 8.3.7.5 shall be measured to the nearest 2.5 mm (0.1 in.).
Burn length is the distance from the original edge to the farthest evidence of damage to the test specimen due to flame impingement, including areas of partial or complete consumption, charring, or embrittlement, but not including areas sooted, stained, warped, or discolored, and not areas where material has shrunk or melted away from the heat source.
Textile wall covering shall be tested and meet the acceptance criteria of the NFPA 265, Fire Test for Evaluating Room Fire Growth Contribution of Textile Wall Covering, when tested using the product mounting system, including adhesive, of actual use.
The test sample shall be subjected to 1 000 closing cycles at the component rated pressure, maximum flow rate, and within the fluid specifications and temperature range stipulated by the manufacturer. Additionally, the sample shall be subjected to 100 operating cycles at the minimum flow rate and pressure, to ensure range coverage.
The hydraulic pressure shall be maintained at 1.5 times the component rated pressure for a period sufficient to establish the rate of leakage, but not less than 1 h and not more than 24 h. Total leakage of the valve from input to output during the test period shall not exceed the flow rate of the valve divided by one million.
For elongations greater than or equal to 10%, the valve shall be subjected to a hydraulic pressure 7.5 times the component rated pressure. For elongations of less than 10%, the test valve shall be 2.25 times the value indicated by 8.2.8.5 multiplied by the component rated pressure. The strength test for this hydraulic pressure shall be maintained for a period of 5 min. During the test, the valve body shall not rupture.
NOTES:
In order to obtain and maintain the test pressure, it is permissible to substitute alternate sealing material; and tighten bolts during the test.
It is not expected that the valve will be able to perform its function during or after the valve body strength test.
This Section specifies the engineering tests of safety nuts and speed-limiting devices that are permitted as alternate safety devices on screw-columnelevators driven by alternating current squirrel cage motors and having a down speed of not more than 0.38 m/s (75 ft/min).
The test shall be made in either the manufacturer's plant, in a testing laboratory, or in the field by suspending the elevator car with rated load a distance above the safety nut of at least 13 mm (0.5 in.) and allowing it to drop (free-fall) until the entire load rests on the safety nut. The test shall be witnessed by, and the test results certified by, a testing laboratory or registered professional engineer. After the test, the screw column, screw supports, safety nut, guide rails, and car frame shall be inspected to determine that there has been no damage. A test on a given capacityelevator shall be accepted for all similarly designed elevators by that manufacturer for the same or lesser capacity (rated load).
The test shall be made either in the manufacturer's plant, in a testing laboratory, or in the field by suspending the elevator car with rated load a distance of at least 4 572 mm (15 ft) above the lower limit of normal travel and allowing it to drop (free-fall) until the descent is controlled by the speed-limiting device. The elevator car shall be allowed to continue its descent until brought to rest by the car buffer or bumper. The test shall be instrumented so that a graph of velocity versus distance can be plotted. The test shall be witnessed by, and the test results certified by, a testing laboratory or a registered professional engineer. After the test, the screw column, screw-column supports, speed-limiting device, guide rails, car buffer or bumper, and car frame shall be inspected to determine that there has been no damage. A test on a given capacityelevator shall be accepted for all similarly designed elevators by that manufacturer for the same or lesser capacity (rated load).
Escalator steps shall be mounted in an arrangement that duplicates the conditions on the escalator incline and their attachment to the step chain. Moving walk pallets shall be mounted in an arrangement that duplicates the condition of a horizontal moving walk and their attachment to the pallet chain.
The steps shall be subjected to a load varying from 450 N (100 lbf) to 3 000 N (650 lbf) at a frequency of 10 Hz ± 5 for 5 000 000 cycles. An undisturbed harmonic force flow shall be achieved.
The load shall be applied normal to the tread surface to a plate 25 mm (1 in.) thick, 200 mm (8 in.) wide, and 300 mm (12 in.) long, located at the center of the step or pallet, with the 300 mm (12 in.) dimension in the direction of step travel.
The step or pallet shall have no fractures or permanent tread surface deflection exceeding 4 mm (0.16 in.) following the completion of the test. The deflection of 4 mm (0.16 in.) does not include any set or wear in the supporting wheels.
Suspension-member tests required in 2.20.11 shall be performed as required by 8.3.12.1 through 8.3.12.3. Test results shall be documented as required by 8.3.12.4.
A test shall be required on each combination of suspension member, driving sheave design, and materials of construction. The test shall be conducted with the contact-surface geometry of the test specimens that results in the highest surface-pressure condition between the suspension member and driving sheave. A test on a given suspension member at its maximum allowable load shall be accepted for all similarly designed combinations by that manufacturer for any lesser load carried per suspension member. The suspension members and driving sheave combination shall be tested under the conditions for which they were designed.
One or more suspension member(s), loaded in tension to the maximum capacity to be qualified, shall be applied to its (their) driving sheave. The suspension member(s) shall be prevented from moving. The driving sheave shall be rotated at a speed no less than that corresponding to the maximum inspection speed of the elevator to which the suspension means is to be applied.
One or more suspension member(s), loaded in tension to the maximum capacity to be qualified, shall be applied to its (their) driving sheave. The suspension member(s) shall be run at a speed corresponding to the maximum speed for which the suspension means is to be applied with respect to its (their) drive sheave. The drive sheave shall be subjected to three successive emergency stops, each causing the suspension members to slip traction over the driving sheave [see 8.3.12.4(g)]. The tests shall be so arranged that slippage occurs over substantially the same portion of the suspension means during successive tests. The duration of the slip shall correspond to that attained by the elevator counterweight and car with rated load initially moving at rated speed, and decelerating, on their own, to a complete stop. It shall be permitted to conduct this test on an installed elevator or in a suitable testing facility.
As a result of the test required by 8.3.12.3, suspension member(s) shall not sustain damage that would require replacement according to the criteria of ASME A17.6, Sections 1.10, 2.9, and 3.7, as applicable.
For the tests required in 8.3.12.2 and 8.3.12.3, the testing facilities, test procedure, and test results shall be documented in engineering reports. The following information shall be provided in each engineering report:
(a) date(s) of the test
(b) name and address of location where tests were conducted
(c) name, position, and organization of the person(s) conducting, supervising, or witnessing the tests
(d) description of apparatus and equipment used to perform the tests
(e) description of instrumentation used to measure or record data
(f) definition and description of the suspension member(s) and the driving sheave to which it (they) is (are) being applied, including part number, type designation, or other identification
(g) the values of the loads and speeds for which the suspension members and their sheaves are to be qualified
(a) Section 8.4 applies to all electric elevators with counterweights, and direct-acting or roped-hydraulic elevators where applicable, where such elevators are installed in buildings assigned to one of the following:
(1) Seismic Design Category C with Component Importance Factor, Ip, of 1.5 as defined by IBC (see 1.3, building code)
(2) Seismic Design Category D or greater as defined by IBC (see 1.3, building code)
(3) Design Spectral Response Acceleration for a 0.2 s time period [Sa(0.2)] greater than 0.12 and building designated as post-disaster building or IEFaSa(0.2) is equal to or greater than 0.35 as defined by NBCC-2010 (see 1.3, building code)
(4) Seismic Performance Category C with Seismic Hazard Exposure Group II or higher as defined by earlier model building codes (see Note)
(5) Seismic Risk Zone 2 or greater as defined by earlier building codes (see Note)
NOTE: For example, SBC 1982; SBC 1994; etc.
(b) The appropriate Elevator Component Seismic Force Level is determined by the applicable building code (see Guide for Elevator Seismic Design Part 1 and Part 2, Sample Calculations 1a-g)
(1) where the applicable building code references Seismic Design Categories or Design Spectral Response Acceleration [Sa(0.2)], force levels as referenced by 8.4.14 shall be used (see 1.3, building code)
(2) where the applicable building code makes reference to ground motion parameters (such as Av or Zv), 8.4.13 shall be used
(3) where the applicable building code makes reference to Seismic Risk Zones, or Seismic Risk Zones and component force level equations, force levels for the appropriate zone, as listed throughout Section 8.4, or the calculated component force level shall be used, whichever is greater
(c) The elevator seismic requirements contained in 8.4 shall be in addition to the requirements in the other parts of the Code unless otherwise specified.
The clearance between the car and the counterweight assembly shall be not less than 50 mm (2 in.), except that where the counterweight is enclosed by double U-brackets or where single U-brackets are provided and are located within the space between the car and its counterweight, the clearance shall be not less than 100 mm (4 in.).
The running clearance between the counterweight assembly and the nearest obstruction, including counterweight screens, shall be not less than 25 mm (1 in.).
Overhead beams and supports including hitch-plate blocking beams shall be anchored to prevent overturning and displacement as a result of seismic forces acting simultaneously, as specified in 8.4.13 or 8.4.14, or equal to
(a) Wp horizontally and 1/2 Wp vertically (zone 3 or greater)
(b)1/2Wp horizontally and 1/4Wp vertically (zone 2)
Fastening devices including bolts used to secure machines, control panels, motor-generator units, machine beams, support beams, and sheaves, including compensating sheave assemblies, to the building structure shall conform to 8.4.2.3. Requirement 2.9.3.1.2 shall not apply (see Guide for Elevator Seismic Design, Part 2, Sample Calculation 2).
Connections (for guide-rail brackets, see 8.4.8.4) used to attach equipment to the supporting structure, that are not subject to impact loads, shall be designed to withstand seismic component force levels acting simultaneously, as defined in 8.4.13 or 8.4.14, or equal to either of the following:
(a) Wp horizontally and 1/2Wp vertically (zone 3 or greater)
(b)1/2Wp horizontally and 1/4Wp vertically (zone 2)
Maximum combined stresses in connections due to the specified seismic forces shall conform to the following applicable standards (see also 8.4.14.1.4):
(a) ANSI/AISC 360-05 or CAN/CSA-S16.1-09 for threaded fasteners
(c)ACI 318-08 or CSA A23.3-04 for fastening to concrete
(d) ANSI/AF&PA National Design Specification for Wood Construction (2005) or CSA Standard O86-01 Wood Design Manual
NOTE: Connections includes all the mechanical and/or structural components used to transmit shear forces, bending moments, and axial forces developed in the structure at the connection point.
For areas not utilizing seismic zones, the Nonstructural Component Anchorage, as defined by IBC/ASCE 7, shall be in conformance with the requirements of the governing building code.
Retainers for suspension members shall be provided on deflecting and secondary sheaves, driving-machine sheaves and drums, compensating sheaves, governor sheaves, governor tension sheaves, and suspension sheaves on cars and counterweights to inhibit the displacement of suspension members, except as specified in 8.4.3.1.4.
The retainer shall be continuous over not less than two-thirds of the arc of contact between the suspension members and its sheave or drum and shall be so located that not more than one-sixth of the arc of contact is exposed at each end of the retainer.
For double-wrap traction applications, the arc of contact for drums and secondary sheaves shall be that length of arc that is uninterrupted by the entry/exit of the suspension members leading to/from the car or counterweight (see Fig. 8.4.3.1.3).
Restraints for suspension members shall be permitted to be used in lieu of continuous guards, provided they conform to the following:
(a) Where the arc of contact is 30 deg or less and one suspension-member restraint, located at the midpoint of the arc of contact, is provided.
(b) Where the arc of contact exceeds 30 deg and restraints are provided at intervals not exceeding 30 deg of arc along the arc of contact and a restraint is located at each end of the arc of contact.
Snag points created by rail brackets, rail clip bolts, fishplates, vanes, and similar devices shall be provided with guards to prevent snagging of the following:
(a) the counterweight end of compensating means where located 760 mm (30 in.) or less from a counterweight rail bracket
(b) compensating chains where any portion of their loop below the mid-point of the elevator travel is located 915 mm (36 in.) or less horizontally from a snag point
(c)governor ropes where located 500 mm (20 in.) or less from a snag point
(d)suspension members where located 300 mm (12 in.) or less from a snag point
(e)traveling cables where any portion of their loop below the mid-point of the elevator travel is located 915 mm (36 in.) or less horizontally from a snag point
The requirements specified in 2.14.1.5 shall apply except that the emergency exit shall be so arranged that it can be opened from within the car by means of a keyed spring-return cylinder-type lock having not less than a five-pin or five-disk combination and opened from the top of the car without the use of a key.
The key required to open the emergency exit lock shall be kept on the premises in a location readily accessible to authorized persons, but not where it is available to the public. No other key to the building shall unlock the emergency exit lock except that where hoistway access switches conforming to 2.12.7 are provided, the key used to operate the access switches shall be permitted to also unlock the top emergency exit. This key shall be Group 1 Security (see 8.1).
The top emergency exit shall be provided with a car door electric contact conforming to 2.14.1.5.1(f) and so located as to be inaccessible from the inside of the car. The opening of the electrical contact shall limit the car speed to not more than 0.75 m/s (150 ft/min).
Upper and lower position restraints attached to the car frame shall be provided. The distance between the upper and lower position restraints shall be not less than the height of the car frame. Separate position restraints are not required where such restraints are an integral part of the guiding member.
Position restraints and their attachments to car frames shall be designed to withstand a seismic force acting horizontally on the weight of the car plus 40% of its rated capacity as defined in 8.4.13 or 8.4.14 (with Wp = car weight + 40% capacity), or equal to
When the car is centrally located between its guide rails and the platform is level, the clearance between each running face of the guide rail and the position restraint shall not exceed 5 mm (0.187 in.) and the depth of engagement with the rail shall be not less than the dimension of the side running face of the rail.
Where compensating ropes are used with a tension sheave assembly, means shall be provided to prevent the tension sheave assembly from being dislocated from its normal operating position when subjected to seismic forces acting simultaneously as specified in 8.4.13 or 8.4.14, or equal to either of the following:
(a) Wp horizontally and 1/2Wp vertically (zone 3 or greater)
(b)1/2Wp horizontally and 1/4Wp vertically (zone 2)
Compensating rope sheaves shall be provided with a compensating rope sheaves switch or switches conforming to 2.26.2.3.
The counterweight frame and its weight sections shall be so designed and arranged as to limit the guide-rail force at the lower position restraint to not more than two-thirds of the total seismic force due to the weight or effective weight of the counterweight assembly when it is subjected to a component seismic force level as defined by 8.4.13 or 8.4.14, or a horizontal seismic force equal to
For counterweight assemblies with weight sections that occupy two-thirds or more of the frame height, 8.4.8.9 applies and Figs. 8.4.8.2-1 through 8.4.8.2-7 shall be permitted to be used in sizing the guide- rail system.
The clearance between the counter weight frame and the face of the counterweight guide rail measured at a point one-half the vertical distance between the upper and lower guiding members shall not exceed 13 mm (0.5 in.).
Upper and lower position restraints attached to the counterweight frame shall be provided. The distance between the upper and lower position restraints shall be not less than the height of the counterweight frame. Separate position restraints are not required where such restraints are an integral part of guiding member.
Position restraints and their attachments to counterweight frames shall be designed to withstand a seismic component force level as defined by 8.4.13 or 8.4.14, or a seismic force acting horizontally upon the counterweight assembly equal to
When the counterweight is centrally located between its guide rails, the clearance between each running face of the guide rail and the position restraint shall not exceed 5 mm (0.187 in.) and the depth of engagement with the rail shall be not less than the dimension of the side running face of the rail.
The car and counterweight guide- rail systems shall meet the requirements of 8.4.8 or the applicable requirements of 2.23 (excluding 2.23.4.3 and Table 2.23.4.3.3), whichever are more stringent.
The load distribution to the guide rails due to the inertial effects of the car and counterweight on their respective guide rails shall be determined as follows:
(a) Conventional Standard Designs. The seismic forces shall be assumed to be distributed one-third to the top guiding members and two-thirds to the bottom guiding members of cars and counterweights.
(b) Non-Standard Designs. Where the design of the car, or counterweight, employs either special construction or location and quantity of guiding members, the formulas and methods of calculation of the load distribution, and resulting stresses and deflections, do not generally apply and shall be modified to suit the specific conditions and requirements in each case.
(a) For jurisdictions enforcing seismic zones or an equivalent ground motion parameter (see 8.4.13), Wp shall not exceed the maximums specified in Figs. 8.4.8.2-1 through 8.4.8.2-7 for the size of rail and the bracket spacing used.
(b) For jurisdictions enforcing IBC/NBCC, the permissible horizontal seismic force, Fp, based on Wp, per pair of guide rails shall not exceed the maximums specified in Figs. 8.4.8.2-1 through 8.4.8.2-7 for the size of rail and the bracket spacing used (see 8.4.12.1 and Guide for Elevator Seismic Design Part 2, Sample Calculation 3).
L = distance between upper and lower counterweight position restraints, mm (in.)
ℓ = distance between guide brackets, mm (in.)
W = actual weight of counterweight, kg (lb)
Wa = adjusted weight of counterweight, kg (lb)
For ratios of L/ℓ < 0.65, the adjusted counterweight Wa = QW is to be used in determining bracket spacing and the number of intermediate tie brackets required.
EXAMPLE (Per 15 lb Guide Rail):
(SI Units)
For ratio L/ℓ = 0.15, and actual weight of counterweight = 3 630 kg
Q = 1.35
Wa = 1.35 (3,630) = 4 900 kg
From Fig. 8.4.8.2-4 zone 3 or greater
Required bracket spacing
=
3 200 mm (no tie bracket)
or
=
up to 4 215 mm (one tie bracket)
or
=
up to 4 675 mm (two tie brackets)
(Imperial Units)
For ratio L/ℓ = 0.15, and actual weight of counterweight = 8,000 lb
Where the ratio of the distance between the upper and lower car or counterweight position restraints to the distance between adjacent brackets is 0.65 or less, an adjusted weight shall be used to determine the required rail size for the bracket spacing used. The adjusted weight shall be determined by multiplying the actual weight by a load factor Q obtained from Fig. 8.4.8.2-8 as follows:
Wa = QW
where
Q
=
load factor (see Fig. 8.4.8.2-8)
W
=
actual weight of the counterweight or of the car plus 40% of its rated capacity, N (lb)
Where the guide rail is reinforced or a rail of larger size is used, the bracket spacing shall be permitted to exceed the values specified in Figs. 8.4.8.2-1 through 8.4.8.2-7 for a given car weight plus 40% of its rated capacity, or counterweight, provided the variation conforms to 8.4.12.
EXAMPLES:
SI Units. 5 543 kg counterweight, or car weight plus 40% rated capacity, at a bracket spacing of 4.88 m requires for zone 3 or greater:
a 27.5 kg/m rail without reinforcement; or
a 22.5 kg/m rail with reinforcement having a combined moment of inertia of 3.33 E + 06 mm4 and a combined section modulus of 5.26 E + 04 mm3 about an axis parallel to the base (axis x-x).
Imperial Units. 12,000 lb counterweight, or car weight plus 40% rated capacity, at a bracket spacing of 16 ft requires for zone 3 or greater:
an 18.5 lb rail without reinforcement; or
a 15 lb rail with reinforcement having a combined moment of inertia of 8 in.4 and a combined section modulus of 3.21 in.3 about an axis parallel to the base (axis x-x).
For counterweight systems, intermediate tie brackets conforming to 8.4.8.7 and approximately equally spaced between main brackets shall be provided between guide rails as required by Figs. 8.4.8.2-1 through 8.4.8.2-7. Intermediate tie brackets are not required to be fastened to the building structure.
(a) The horizontal seismic forces used to determine guide-rail stresses and deflections are
(1) For jurisdictions enforcing seismic zones
(a)1/2Wp (zone 3 or greater); or
(b)1/4Wp (zone 2)
(2) For jurisdictions enforcing IBC/NBCC
(a) Fp when calculating deflection
(b) 0.7Fp when calculating stress
(b) For installations where the guide rails bear the vertical loads imposed by machines, sheaves, or hitches, the following vertical loads will be considered acting simultaneously in addition to those above:
(1) For jurisdictions enforcing seismic zones
(a)1/4Wp (zone 3 or greater); or
(b)1/8Wp (zone 2)
(2) For jurisdictions enforcing IBC/NBCC
(a) Fυ when calculating deflection
(b) 0.7Fυ when calculating stress
where Wp is defined in 8.4.15(b), Fp and Fυ are defined in 8.4.14.
NOTE: The forces above are the result of both any equipment attached to the rail and the tensions developed in the suspension ropes by the car and counterweight.
For jurisdictions enforcing seismic zones, stresses in a guide rail, or in a rail and its reinforcement, due to seismic loads specified in 8.4.8.2.6, shall not exceed 88% of the minimum yield stress of the material or materials used.
For jurisdictions enforcing IBC/NBCC, stresses in the guide rail, or in a rail and its reinforcements, due to seismic loads specified in 8.4.8.2.6, shall not exceed 60% of the minimum yield stress of the material or materials used.
Guide-rail brackets and their fastenings and supports, such as building beams and walls, shall be capable of withstanding the forces imposed by the seismic loads specified in 8.4.8.2.6, with a total deflection at the point of support not to exceed 6 mm (0.25 in.).
In jurisdictions enforcing IBC/NBCC, the Nonstructural Component Anchorage shall be in conformance with the requirements of the governing building code.
Metal guide rails shall be joined together by fishplates as specified in 8.4.8.6 and shall be designed to withstand the forces specified in 2.23.5.1 and 8.4.8.3 without exceeding the stress and deflection limitations.
The joints of metal guide rails shall conform to the following requirements:
(a) The ends of the rails shall be accurately machined with a tongue and matching groove centrally located in the web.
(b) The backs of the rail flanges shall be accurately machined, in relation to the rail guiding surfaces, to a uniform distance front to back of the rails to form a flat surface for the fishplates.
(c) The ends of each rail shall be bolted to the fishplates with not less than four bolts.
(d) The width of the fishplate shall be not less than the width of the back of the rail.
(e) The section modulus and the moment of inertia of the fishplate shall be not less than that of the rail.
(f) The diameter of the bolts for each size of guide rails shall be not less than specified in Table 2.23.7.2.1.
(g) The diameter of bolt holes shall not exceed the diameter of the bolts by more than 2 mm (0.08 in.) for guide rails nor 3 mm (0.125 in.) for fishplates.
(h) The threaded portion of the bolts shall not occur in the shear plane of the guide-rail fishplate assembly.
Joints of different design and construction to those specified shall be permitted to be used, provided they are equivalent in strength and will adequately maintain the accuracy of the rail alignment.
Guide-rail brackets including intermediate tie brackets, where provided, shall be designed to withstand the forces imposed by the seismic loads specified in 8.4.8.2.6. The stresses and deflections shall not exceed those specified in Table 8.4.8.7.
NOTE (8.4.8.7): Since the specific designs of the rail brackets, their reinforcements where provided, and the method of attachment to the building structure will vary between designs, the maximum stresses and deflections shall be analyzed to suit the specific design.
Table 8.4.8.7 Stresses and Deflections of Guide-Rail Brackets and Supports
Guide-Rail Bracket
L
Bracket Type
Vertical Location
Typical Figure
Bracket Moment of Inertia, mm4 (in.4)
Bracket Design Load, P [Notes (1) and (2), and (3)]
moment of inertia of single "U" intermediate, tie bracket, mm4 (in.4), in a double "U" bracket arrangement
L
=
vertical distance between the upper and lower position restraints required by 8.4.5.1 and 8.4.7.2, mm (in.)
ℓ
=
distance (rail span) between adjacent main guide-rail brackets, mm (in.)
W
=
maximum weight of car with 40% rated capacity or counterweight, kg (lb)
P
=
horizontal seismic load, N (lb)
NOTES:
For hydraulic elevator main bracket design load (car) add 1/4 the weight of the plunger (zone 3 or greater).
For zone 2, multiply design load "P" by 0.5.
CB
=
0.7 for purposes of stress calculations.
CB
=
1.0 for purposes of deflection calculations.
This limitation includes the combined deflections of the guide-rail bracket, fastenings, and building supports.
The design of supports beyond deflection is the responsibility of the Structural Engineer of Record.
The maximum combined stresses in any structural component due to all causes shall be based on sound engineering practice, and shall not exceed the allowable values specified in ANSI/AISC 360, Chapter H (Design of Members for Combined Forces and Torsion), for individual components.
For jurisdictions enforcing seismic zones, allowable stresses may be increased by 1/3. For jurisdictions enforcing the IBC or NBCC 2005 or later editions, no 1/3 increase is allowed.
Guide rails shall be secured to their brackets by clips, welds, or bolts. Bolts used for fastening shall be of such strength as to withstand the forces specified in 2.23.5.2 and 2.23.9.1, plus 8.4.8.4 and 8.4.8.7.
The following information regarding horizontal seismic forces imposed on the guide-rail brackets by the position restraints of the car or counterweight is required on elevator layout drawings. The forces are to be determined as specified in 8.4.8.9.1 and 8.4.8.9.2 (see Fig. 8.4.8.9).
Where an expansion joint is located within the elevatorinstallation, the location and maximum design displacement shall be indicated on the layout drawings.
All integral parts of driving machines together with their supports shall be capable of withstanding the inertia effect of their masses without permanent deformation when subjected to seismic forces acting separately as defined in 8.4.13 or 8.4.14, or equal to
(a) Wp horizontally and 1/2Wp vertically (zone 3 or greater)
(b)1/2Wp horizontally and 1/4Wp vertically (zone 2)
Earthquake emergency operation shall be provided and conform to 8.4.10. Earthquake emergency operation is not required for risk zone 2, or Fp ≤ 0.25 Wp with z/h = 1 (for IBC/ASCE 7) or hx/hn = 1 (for NBCC) (see 8.4.14.2), provided the car and counterweight guide-rail systems, guiding members, and position restraints conform to the requirements and force levels for zone 3 or greater in 8.4.5, 8.4.7, and 8.4.8 where
(a) All traction elevators operating at a rated speed of 0.75 m/s (150 ft/min) or more and having counterweights located in the same hoistway shall be provided with the following:
(1) For seismic zone 3 or greater, or Fp > 0.25 Wp with z/h = 1 (for IBC/ASCE 7) or hx/hn = 1 (for NBCC): a minimum of one seismic switch per building
(b) an identified momentary reset button or switch for each elevator, located in the control panel in the elevator machine room [see 8.4.10.1.3(i)]
(b) For attendant-operated elevators and automatic elevators on designated attendant service, a signal system consisting of both visual and audible types activated by either the seismic switch or the displacement switch shall be provided to alert the attendant that the car is under earthquake emergency control and that the attendant is to return the car to the nearest available floor. The audible signal required by 2.27.3.1.6(h) shall be permitted to be used for this purpose in lieu of a separate audible signal.
Fig. 8.4.10.1.1 Earthquake Elevator Equipment Requirements Diagrammatic Representation
(b)Seismic switch shall activate upon excitation in a vertical direction of not more than 0.15 times gravity acceleration, 9.81 m/s2 (32.2 ft/s2). The frequency response of the switch shall be 1 Hz to 10 Hz.
Where the seismic switch is used exclusively to control the elevators, it shall be located in the elevator machine room and, where possible, shall be mounted adjacent to a vertical load-bearing building structural member.
(c) Adisplacement switch shall be activated by the derailment of the counterweight at any point in the hoistway to provide information to the control system that the counterweight has left its guides.
(d)Earthquake protective devices with exposed live electrical parts in the hoistway shall operate at not more than 24 V root mean square alternating current or 24 V direct current above or below ground potential and shall not be capable of supplying more than 0.5 A when short-circuited.
(b) When the counterweight displacement switch is activated, the elevator, if in motion, shall initiate an emergency stop and then proceed away from the counterweight at a speed of not more than 0.75 m/s (150 ft/min) to the nearest available floor, open the doors, and shut down; except that where Phase II Emergency In-Car Operation is in effect, door operation shall conform to 2.27.3.3.
(d) Upon activation of an earthquake protective device, an elevator standing at a floor with its doors open shall remain at the floor. If its doors are closed, it shall open its doors. Where Phase II Emergency In-Car Operation is in effect, door operation shall conform to 2.27.3.3.
(e) An elevator not in operation when an earthquake protective device is activated shall remain at the landing.
(f) An elevator shall be permitted to be operated at a speed of not more than 0.75 m/s (150 ft/min), provided the counterweight displacement switch is of the continuously monitoring type and is not activated.
(1) prevent operation of the car, except from the inspection station located on top of the car
(2) prevent operation of the car by means of the emergency service key described in 2.27.3.1 and 2.27.3.3, hospital emergency service key, and other similar types of operation
(h)Elevators stopped by an earthquake protective device with a volatile-type memory shall remain idle in the event of a power failure. Subsequent restoration of power shall not cancel the status of the earthquake protective devices nor the slow speed status of the elevator system if such existed prior to the loss of power.
(i) An elevator shall be permitted to be returned to normal service by means of the momentary reset button or switch [see 8.4.10.1.1(a)(2)], provided the displacement switch is not activated.
Earthquake protective devices shall be arranged to be checked for satisfactory operation and shall be calibrated at intervals specified by the manufacturer.
For roped-hydraulic elevators other than those defined by Section 1.3 (Definitions), the requirements, formulas, and specified methods of calculation of loads and the resulting stresses and deflections do not generally apply and shall be modified to suit the specific conditions and requirements in each case.
Overhead beams for attaching hitch plates shall be anchored to prevent overturning and displacement as a result of seismic forces acting simultaneously as specified in 8.4.13 or 8.4.14, or equal to
(a) Wp horizontally and 1/2Wp vertically (zone 3 or greater)
(b)1/2Wp horizontally and 1/4Wp vertically (zone 2)
Fastening means in compliance with 8.4.2.3 shall be provided to prevent hydraulic machines, control panels, and storage tanks from being overturned or displaced.
Position restraints attached to the traveling sheave shall be provided for roped-hydraulic elevators. Separate position restraints are not required where such restraints are an integral part of the guiding means.
Position restraints and their attachments to the traveling sheave shall be designed to withstand a seismic force acting in a horizontal direction as defined in 8.4.13 or 8.4.14, or equal to
(a) Wp (zone 3 or greater)
(b)1/4Wp (zone 2)
on 1/2 the weight of the driving member of the hydraulic jack plus the weight of the traveling sheave and its attachments.
The attachment of above ground hydraulic jacks to the building structure shall be capable of withstanding the inertia effect of their masses without permanent deformation when subjected to seismic forces as defined in 8.4.13 or 8.4.14, or separate acting forces equal to
(a) Wp horizontally and 1/2Wp vertically (zone 3 or greater)
(b)1/2Wp horizontally and 1/4Wp vertically (zone 2)
(1) Requirement 3.17.3.2 applies as modified. The primary actuation means shall be mechanical or hydraulic. Electrical means are permitted as a secondary actuation means.
(2) The plunger gripper shall be capable of withstanding inertia effects of the elevator masses without operational failure when subjected to seismic forces acting separately, an defined in 8.4.13 or 8.4.14, or equal to
(a) for zone 3 or greater, or Fp > 0.25Wp with z/h = 1 (or hx/hn = 1)
(1) Wplgr horizontally
(2)1/2 (Wplgr + Wp) vertically
(b) for zone 2 or Fp ≤ 0.25 Wp with z/h = 1 or hx/hn = 1)
Piping supports to restrain transverse motion shall be provided near changes in direction and particularly near valves and joints and shall comply with 8.4.2.3.
Horizontal spans shall be supported at intervals not to exceed those specified in Table 8.4.11.13.
Table 8.4.11.13 Pipe Support Spacing
Nominal Pipe Size, in.
Maximum Spacing Between Supports, mm (in.)
1.0
1 525 (60)
1.5
2 300 (90)
2.0
2 600 (102)
2.5
2 750 (108)
3.0
3 000 (120)
4.0
3 500 (138)
(a) Spacing is based on a natural frequency limit of 20 Hz. The pipe is presumed to have oil in it and, for an added margin of safety, the oil is assumed to weigh 900 kg/m3 (56 lb/ft3) at 15.6°C (60°F).
(b) Maximum combined bending and shear stress is limited to 71.8 kPa (1,500 psi).
(c) Maximum sag at the center of the span is limited to 2.5 mm (0.1 in.).
(d) For pipe sizes other than shown, the maximum spacing between supports shall be determined by the following formula:
(SI Units)
(Imperial Units)
where
E
=
modulus of elasticity for steel [2 068 × 106 MPa (30 × 106 psi)]
I
=
moment of inertia or pipe, mm4 (in.4)
ℓ
=
maximum spacing between supports, m (ft)
W
=
weight per foot of pipe with oil at 15.6°C (60°F), kg/m (lb/ft)
The following information is required on elevator layout drawings. The horizontal seismic forces imposed on the guide-rail brackets by the position restraints of the traveling sheave and the position restraints of the car or the counterweight (where provided) shall be determined as shown in 8.4.11.15.1 and 8.4.11.15.2.
0 (for elevators provided with counterweights and roped-hydraulic elevators), based on the in-ground hydraulics. For other designs, the load distribution might be different.
(2) For traveling sheave position restraints where guided on rails separate from car:
Wp
=
1.5 × (weight of traveling sheave plus guide attachments), N (lb)
For 8.4(b)(2), the component force level shall be the greater of that dictated by either of the following:
(a) the applicable building code's non-structural component requirements
(b) the appropriate seismic zone as determined in 8.4.13.1 or 8.4.13.2
When the applicable building code does not reference component vertical force levels, the appropriate seismic zone vertical force level shall be used when a vertical force level is specified.
In Canadian jurisdictions enforcing building codes prior to NBCC-2005, the following values of Zυ (velocity-related seismic zone) will determine the applicable seismic zone:
Zone(s)
Velocity-Related Seismic Zone, Zυ
2
2 ≤ Zυ < 4
≥ 3
Zυ ≥ 4
NOTE: For Zυ values, see "Design Data for Selected Locations in Canada," in NBCC-1995, Appendix C.
height in structure of point of attachment of component with respect to the defined building base provided by the building structural engineer. For items at or below the base, z shall be taken as 0. The value of z/h need not exceed 1.0. (See Definitions, Section 1.3 for base, building and Guide for Elevator Seismic Design, Part 1)
h
=
average roof height of structure with respect to the defined building base, provided by the building structural engineer
NOTES:
For isolated components refer to ASCE 7-10, Table 13.6-1.
Fp shall be multiplied by a factor of 0.7 for stress calculations in order to convert from Strength Design (IBC/ASCE 7) to Allowable Stress Design (ASME A17.1). This factor is already included in the load combinations 8.4.14.1.3.
Component Seismic Force Level (horizontal, Strength Design Level)
Fa
=
Acceleration-based site coefficient, defined in NBCC-2010, Table 4.1.8.4.B, based on Sa(0.2) and Site Class, A through F
Sa(0.2)
=
5% damped spectral response acceleration value, expressed as a ratio to gravitational acceleration, for a period of 0.2 s, defined in NBCC-2010, sentence 4.1.8.4(1)
IE
=
Importance factor for the building, defined in NBCC-2010, Article 4.1.8.5
Sp
=
Cp Ar Ax/Rp (where Sp may range between 0.7 and 4.0) with
Cp
=
component factor as listed in NBCC-2010, Table 4.1.8.18
Ar
=
component force amplification factor from NBCC-2010, Table 4.1.8.18
Ax
=
height factor (1 + 2 hx/hn) with
hx
=
height in structure of point of attachment of component with respect to the defined building base provided by the building structural engineer. For items at or below the base, z shall be taken as 0. (See Definitions, Section 1.3 for base, building and Guide for Elevator Seismic Design, Part 1)
hn
=
average roof height of structure with respect to the defined building base, provided by the building structural engineer. The value of hx/hn need not exceed 1.0.
Rp
=
component response modification factor from NBCC-2010, Table 4.1.8.18
For isolated components, refer to NBCC-2010, Table 4.1.8.18.
Fp shall be multiplied by a factor of 0.7 for stress calculations in order to convert from Strength Design (NBCC-2010) to Allowable Stress Design (ASME A17.1). This factor is already included in the load combinations 8.4.14.1.3.
Elevator equipment subject only to inertial accelerations of its own mass are considered rigid components when referencing NBCC-2010, Table 4.1.8.18 for variables Cp, Ar, and Rp. Elevator equipment subjected to accelerations and decelerations and subject to external forces independent of the mass of the component itself are considered machinery.
The seismic design force, Fp, shall be applied at the component's center of gravity. In addition, the component shall be designed for concurrent vertical seismic force Fυ equal to
(a) +/— 0.2 SDS Wp
(for IBC/ASCE 7)
(b) +/— 0.2 [2/3FaSa(0.2)]Wp
(for NBCC)
NOTES:
Guide rail mounted machinery would be an example of vertical loads imposed on the guide rail in addition to the horizontal inertial loads (see 8.4.8.2.6 and 8.4.14.1.1).
Fυ shall be multiplied by a factor of 0.7 for stress calculations in order to convert from Strength Design (NBCC-2010) to Allowable Stress Design (ASME A17.1). This factor is already included in the load combinations 8.4.14.1.3.
Where all electric elevator equipment cannot be located on one side of an expansion joint, the maximum displacement across the expansion joint as provided by the building design shall not impair the function of the elevator.
Design Spectral Response Acceleration for a 0.2 s time period [Sa(0.2)] greater than 0.12 and building designated as post-disaster building
Seismic Performance Category C with Seismic Hazard Exposure Group II or higher as defined by earlier model building codes (see Note)
Seismic Risk Zone 2 or greater as defined by earlier building codes (see Note)
NOTE [8.5(a)(4) and (a)(5)]: For example, SBC 1982, SBC 1994, etc.
The appropriate Escalator Seismic Force Level is determined by the applicable building code.
Where the applicable building code references Seismic Design Categories or Design Spectral Response Acceleration [Sa(0.2)], force levels as referenced by Section 8.4.14 shall be used (see the New York City Building Code).
Where the applicable building code makes reference to ground motion parameters (such as Av or Zv), Section 8.4.13 shall be used.
Where the applicable building code makes reference to Seismic Risk Zones or to Seismic Risk Zones and component force level equations, force levels for the appropriate zone, as listed throughout Section 8.5, or the calculated component force level, whichever is greater, shall be used.
The escalator and moving walk safety requirements contained in Section 8.5 shall be used considering the requirements in the other parts of the code. These requirements are to be applied as well as those in Sections 6.1 and 6.2 but are not additive. Where multiple requirements are applicable to the same component, the most stringent requirement shall control.
Where the applicable building code does not make reference to seismic risk zones, the ground motion parameters shown in 8.4.13 shall be used.
The escalator and moving walk safety requirements contained in 8.5 shall be in addition to the requirements in the other parts of the Code unless otherwise specified.
Balustrades shall be designed to withstand the vertical inertial force due to the weight of the balustrade and the horizontal seismic forces as follows:
The component operating weight, Wp, is the sum of the balustrade dead load, decking weight if supported by the balustrade, and 70% of the machinery rated load (see Section 6.1.3.9.2) and the seismic force computed as defined in Sections 8.4.13 and 8.4.14.
The seismic forces resulting from the machinery rated load shall be distributed along the exposed length of the handrail from entry newel tangent to exit newel tangent as depicted in Fig. 8.5.1.
Fig. 8.5.1 Balustrade Handrail Force
GENERAL NOTE: This is a pictorial representation to be used for both escalators and moving walks.
Structural items not covered in Table 8.5.5 shall be capable of withstanding the inertia effect of the applicable masses without permanent deformation.
For jurisdictions enforcing seismic zones or an equivalent ground motion parameter (see 8.4.13), the horizontal (see Section 8.5.2.1) and vertical (see Section 8.5.2.2) seismic forces shall be applied separately (not simultaneously).
Earthquake forces shall be applied simultaneously as defined by Section 8.4.14, except Wp = Wt + Wr where
Wr = 25% of the structural rated load calculated per Section 6.1.3.9.1
Wt = total dead load of the escalator, including all components supported by the truss.
For jurisdictions enforcing seismic zones or an equivalent ground motion parameter, horizontal seismic forces shall be based on the total dead load of the escalator, including all components supported by the truss, plus 25% of the structural rated load in accordance with Section 6.1.3.9.1. The horizontal seismic force shall be computed as follows:
The escalator or moving walk is not considered a structural component of the building. The value of I shall be considered to be 1.0 unless the building is specified as an essential facility in which case a value of 1.25 shall be used.
The value of Cp shall be 0.75 when any portion of an escalator is located above grade and 0.50 when an escalator is located below grade.
NOTE: When any portion of the escalator is more than six stories above grade, other values of Cp may apply and should be determined based upon the fundamental period of the building.
For jurisdictions enforcing seismic zones or an equivalent ground motion parameter, vertical forces shall be structurally allocated among all the supports. The total vertical force shall be defined by the following table:
The members in the truss shall be calculated by the Allowable Stress Method of the AISC Specification for Design, Fabrication, and Erection of Structural Steel for Buildings. The allowable stress as stipulated by the various sections is required to be used in lieu of yield stress. (See AISC example D1 for tension, E2 for compression, and F4 for shear stress. There are multiple rules for bending depending on type of section; therefore, examples are not listed.) Truss analysis, whether verified by computer or hand calculations, shall consider axial stresses of either compression or tension, combined axial compressive and bending stress, and combined axial tension and bending stress. There is no requirement for the escalator truss to be considered as a structural member of the building.
The truss end supports shall provide motion restraint in the principle horizontal directions capable of withstanding the seismic forces acting upon the escalator or moving walk. The clearance in the transverse direction between the escalator truss and the seismic restraint shall not exceed 6.5 mm (0.25 in.) on each side. Motion restraint in the longitudinal direction at either or both end supports shall accommodate the design story drift (see Section 8.5.3.2.2). Vertical restraint is required when the resultant vertical seismic force exceeds Wt + Wr (see Section 8.5.2.2). Where one end of the truss uses an unfastened restraint, forces resulting from movement of building structure members are not considered as being applied to the truss.
Truss end supports shall accommodate the design story drift (see Section 8.5.3.2.2) in the longitudinal direction such that
clearance between the truss and the building is sufficient to prevent truss compression damage.
seat depth (the longitudinal overlap and bearing surface between the building support and the truss support) is sufficient to prevent disengagement of the truss end with the building support.
When one end of the escalator truss is not designed to accommodate story drift, the design shall account for the forces developed by building movement in a manner that restricts transfer of these forces to the truss. The other truss end support shall be free to slide in the longitudinal direction to accommodate the design story drift. When both ends are designed to accommodate story drift
means shall be provided to prevent any truss end from disengaging from its building support seat.
the end supports shall be permitted to be free to slide in the longitudinal direction such that the sum of the motions accommodates the total design story drift.
At the sliding end(s), the depth of the beam seat shall be capable of accommodating the design story drift. The design story drift shall have a minimum value of 1.5 times the building story drift, as obtained from either of the following:
the structural engineer or record.
the maximum story drift value as per ASCE/SEI-7, Table 12.2.-1.
NOTE [8.5.3.2.2(b)]: ASCE/SEI-7, Table 12.2-1 specifies a maximum story drift of 0.025 hsx where hsx is the building story height.
Intermediate support(s) for escalators and moving walks, when used, shall be of sufficient size to accommodate design story drift movement in both the longitudinal and transverse directions. Any motion restraint provided shall not reduce the story drift capacity of the support.
Earthquake protective devices shall be of the failsafe type. A minimum of one seismic detection device shall be provided in each escalator (nontandem operation or non-side-by-side arrangement) or moving walk. For escalators or moving walks in a tandem operation (see Section 6.1.6.6) or side-by-side arrangement, a minimum of one seismic detection device is required. The seismic detection device shall be mounted in the machine space or adjacent to the escalator or moving walk. Where possible, a seismic detection device shall be mounted adjacent to a vertical load-bearing building structural member when installed at an elevation above ground level, or any structural member if mounted at or below ground level, or any other location approved by the structural engineer of record.
The seismic detection device shall conform to Sections 8.4.10.1.2(a) and (b).
Actuation of the seismic detection device shall cause removal of power from the escalator and moving walkdriving-machine motor(s) and brake(s) on all units controlled by the seismic detection device.
Where a seismic detection device is used exclusively to control the escalator or moving walk, it shall be located in a machine room or machinery space and, where possible, shall be mounted adjacent to a vertical load-bearing member. Should no vertical load-bearing member be in close proximity, it shall be permitted to locate the seismic detection device at the nearest accessible vertical load-bearing member at approximately the same horizontal level as the upper machinery space or machine room.
The allowable stress limits to be used in the design of all escalator and moving walk components are listed in Table 8.5.5. An escalator or moving walk subjected to seismic loading shall be capable of withstanding the specified seismic forces in combination with the dynamic or static loads occurring during normal operation.
It is not the intent of 8.6 to require changes to the equipment to meet the design, equipment nameplate(s), or performance standard other than those specified in 8.6.1.1.2, unless specifically stated in 8.6 (see 8.6.3.2, 8.6.5.8, 8.6.8.3 and 8.6.8.4.3).
A written Maintenance Control Program shall be in place to maintain the equipment in compliance with the requirements of 8.6. The MCP shall specify examinations, tests, cleaning, lubrication, and adjustments to applicable components at regular intervals (see definition for maintenance) and shall comply with the following.
(c) The MCP shall reference On-Site Equipment Documentation (see 8.6.1.2.2) needed to fulfill 8.6.1.2.1(b) and On-Site Maintenance Records (see 8.6.1.4.1) that record the completion of all associated maintenance tasks specified in 8.6.1.4.1(a).
(d) Where the MCP is maintained remotely from the machine room, machinery space, control room, or control space (see 8.11.1.8), instructions for on-site locating or viewing the MCP either in hard copy or in electronic format shall be posted on the controller or at the means necessary for test (see 2.7.6.4). The instructions shall be permanently legible with characters a minimum of 3 mm (0.125 in.) in height.
(e) The specified scheduled maintenance intervals (see 1.3) shall, as applicable, be based on
(1) equipment age, condition, and accumulated wear
(2) design and inherent quality of the equipment
(3) usage
(4) environmental conditions
(5) improved technology
(6) the manufacturer's recommendations and original equipment certification for any SIL rated devices or circuits (see 8.6.3.12 and 8.7.1.9)
(7) the manufacturer's recommendations based on any ASME A17.7/CSA B44.7 approved components or functions
The following documents specified in 8.6.1.2.2(a), (b), and (c) shall be written and permanently kept on-site in the machine room, machinery space, control room, control space, or in the means necessary for test (2.7.6.4) in hard copy for each unit for elevator personnel.
The documentation specified in 8.6.1.2.2(d) shall be on-site and available to the specified personnel.
(a) Up-to-date wiring diagrams detailing circuits of all electrical protective devices (see 2.26.2) and critical operating circuits (see 2.26.3).
(b) Procedures for inspections and tests not described in ASME A17.2 and procedures or methods required for elevator personnel to perform maintenance, repairs, replacements, and adjustments, as follows:
(1) all procedures specifically identified in the Code as required to be written (e.g., 8.6.4.20.8, check out procedure for leveling; 8.6.5.16.5, check out procedure for overspeed valve; and 8.6.8.15.7, check out procedure for reversal stop switch, etc.)
(3) unique maintenance procedures or methods required for inspection, tests, and replacement of equipment applied under alternative arrangements (see 1.2.2.1) shall be provided by the manufacturer or installer
(4) unique maintenance procedures or unique methods required for inspection and test of equipment specified in an ASME A17.7/CSA B44.7, Code Compliance Document (CCD)
(c) Written checkout procedures
(1) to demonstrate E/E/PES function as intended (see 8.6.4.19.10)
Maintenance records shall document compliance with 8.6. Instructions for locating the maintenance records of each unit, for viewing on-site, shall be posted on the controller or at the means necessary for test (see 2.7.6.4). The provided instructions shall be permanently legible with characters a minimum of 3 mm (0.125 in.) in height. These records shall be retained for the most recent 5 yr or from the date of installation or adoption of this Code edition, whichever is less or as specified by the authority having jurisdiction. Existing maintenance records up to 5 yr shall be retained.
(1) A record that shall include the maintenance tasks listed with the associated requirements of 8.6 identified in the Maintenance Control Program (8.6.1.2.1), other tests (see 8.6.1.2.2), examinations and adjustments, and the specified scheduled intervals shall be maintained.
(2) The specified scheduled maintenance intervals (see 1.3) shall, as applicable, be based on the criteria given in 8.6.1.2.1(e).
(3)MCP records shall be viewable on-site by elevator personnel in either hard copy or electronic format acceptable to the authority having jurisdiction and shall include but not limited to the following:
(a) site name and address
(b) service provider name
(c) conveyance identification (I.D.) and type
(d) date of record
(e) a description of the maintenance task, interval, and associated requirements of 8.6
(b) Repair and Replacement Records. The following repairs and replacements shall be recorded and shall be kept on-site for viewing by elevator personnel in either hard copy or electronic format. Instructions for locating the records of each unit for immediate viewing shall be posted on the controller or at the means necessary for test (see 2.7.6.4). The provided instructions shall be permanently legible with characters a minimum of 3 mm (0.125 in.) in height. The record shall include an explanation of the repair or replacement, date, and name of person(s) and/or firm performing the task. The record of repairs and replacements shall be retained by the owner of the equipment for the most recent 5 yr or from the date of installation or adoption of this Code edition, whichever is less or as specified by the authority having jurisdiction and shall be a permanent record for the installation. These records may be kept remotely from the site.
(c) Other Records. The following written records shall be kept on-site for each unit. Instructions for locating the records of each unit for immediate viewing shall be posted on the controller or at the means necessary for test (see 2.7.6.4). The provided instructions shall be permanently legible with characters a minimum of 3 mm (0.125 in.) in height. These records shall be retained for the most recent 5 yr from of the date of installation or adoption of this Code edition, whichever is less or as specified by the authority having jurisdiction. The record shall include the date and name of person(s) and/or firm performing the task.
(2) A record of findings for firefighters' service operation required by 8.6.11.1 with identification of the person(s) that performed the operation.
(3) Periodic tests (see 8.6.1.7) shall be documented or recorded in accordance with 8.6.1.7.2.
(4) Written record to document compliance with replacement criteria specified in ASME A17.6 requirement 1.10.1.1(c).
(d) Permanent Record. A permanent record of the results of all acceptance tests as required by Sections 8.10.1.1.4 and 8.10.1.1.5 shall be kept with the on-site records. Test tags, complying with Section 2.16.3.3 for marking plates permanently attached to or adjacent to the controller, shall meet this requirement.
NOTE: This requirement does not apply to equipment installed under ASME A17.1-2010 and earlier editions.
A record of call backs shall be maintained and shall include the description of reported trouble, dates, time, and corrective action(s) taken that are reported by any means to elevator personnel. These records shall be made available to elevator personnel when performing corrective action. For elevator personnel other than personnel performing the corrective action, records will be available upon request. Instructions on how to report any need for corrective action (trouble calls) to the responsible party shall be posted on the controller or at the means necessary for test (see 2.7.6.4). The instructions shall be permanently legible with characters a minimum of 3 mm (0.125 in.) in height.
No person shall at any time make inoperative or ineffective any device on which safety of users is dependent, including any electrical protective device, except where necessary during tests, inspections (see 8.10 and 8.11), maintenance, repair, and replacement, provided that the installation is first removed from normal operation.
Such devices shall be restored to their normal operating condition in conformity with the applicable requirements prior to returning the equipment to service (see 2.26.7 and 8.6.1.6).
All parts of the machinery and equipment requiring lubrication shall be lubricated with lubricants equivalent to the type and grade recommended by the manufacturer.
Alternative lubricants shall be permitted when intended lubrication effects are achieved.
All excess lubricant shall be cleaned from the equipment. Containers used to catch leakage shall not be allowed to overflow.
(a) The interiors of controllers and their components shall be cleaned when necessary to minimize the accumulation of foreign matter that can interfere with the operation of the equipment.
(b) Temporary wiring and insulators or blocks in the armatures or poles of magnetically operated switches, contactors, or relays on equipment in service are prohibited.
(c) When jumpers are used during maintenance, repairs, or testing, all jumpers shall be removed and the equipment tested prior to returning it to service. Jumpers shall not be stored in machine rooms, control rooms, hoistways, machinery spaces, control spaces, escalator/moving walk wellways, or pits (see also 8.6.1.6.1).
NOTE [8.6.1.6.3(c)]: See "Elevator Industry Field Employees' Safety Handbook" for recommended minimum jumper control procedures.
(d) Control and operating circuits and devices shall be maintained in compliance with applicable Code requirements (see 8.6.1.1.2).
(e) Substitution of any wire or current-carrying device for the correct fuse or circuit breaker in an elevator circuit shall not be permitted.
Care shall be used in the painting of the equipment to make certain that it does not interfere with the proper functioning of any component. Painted components shall be tested for proper operation upon completion of painting.
In jurisdictions not enforcing NBCC, Class "ABC" fire extinguishers shall be provided in elevator electrical machine rooms, control rooms, and control spaces outside the hoistway intended for full bodily entry, and walk-in machinery and control rooms for escalators and moving walks; and they shall be located convenient to the access door.
Care should be taken during operations such as torquing, drilling, cutting, and welding to ensure that no component of the assembly is damaged or weakened. Rotating parts shall be properly aligned.
A periodic test record for all periodic tests containing the applicable Code requirement(s) and date(s) performed, and the name of the person or firm performing the test, shall be installed to be readily visible and adjacent to or securely attached to the controller of each unit in the form of a metal tag or other format designated by and acceptable to the authority having jurisdiction. If any of the alternative test methods contained in 8.6.4.20 were performed, then the test tag must indicate alternative testing was utilized for the applicable requirement.
No person shall at any time make any required safety device or electrical protective device ineffective, except where necessary during tests. Such devices shall be restored to their normal operating condition in conformity with the applicable requirements prior to returning the equipment to service (see 2.26.7).
Where a repair is made to a speed governor that affects the tripping linkage or speed adjustment mechanism, the governor shall be checked in conformance with 8.6.4.19.2.
Where a repair is made to the governor jaws or associated parts that affect the pull-through force, the governor pull-through force shall be checked in conformance with 8.6.4.19.2(b). A test tag shall be attached, indicating the date the pull-through test was performed.
When the suspension-means fastenings are replaced with an alternate means that conforms to 2.20.9, load-carrying ropes shall be in line with the shackle rod.
Existing hitch plates that do not permit the load-carrying ropes to remain in line with the shackle rods shall have the replacement fastening staggered in the direction of travel of the elevator and counterweight, or the hitch plates shall be replaced.
Replacement fastenings shall be permitted to be installed on the car only, the counterweight only, at either of the dead-end hitches, or at both attachment points.
Governor ropes shall be of the same size, material, and construction as the rope specified by the governor manufacturer, except that a rope of the same size but of different material or construction shall be permitted to be installed in conformance with 8.7.2.19.
If one belt or chain of a set is worn or stretched beyond that specified in the manufacturer's recommendation, or is damaged so as to require replacement, the entire set shall be replaced.
Sprockets and toothed sheaves shall also be replaced if worn beyond that specified in the manufacturer's recommendations.
When a speed governor is replaced, it shall conform to 2.18. When a releasing carrier is provided, it shall conform to 2.17.15. The governor rope shall be of the type and size specified by the governor manufacturer.
The governor shall be checked in conformance with 8.11.2.3.2. Drum-operated safeties that require continuous tension in the governor rope to achieve full safety application shall be checked as specified in 8.11.2.3.1 and 8.7.2.19.
Each replacement component shall be plainly marked for identification in accordance with the certifying organization's procedures. In jurisdictions not enforcing NBCC, door panels, frames, and entrances hardware shall be provided with the instructions required by 2.11.18.
NOTE (8.6.3.7): Devices that may fall under this requirement are included but not limited to hoistway door locking devices and electric contacts, car door contacts and interlocks, hydraulic control valves, escalator steps, fire doors, and electrical equipment.
Where a reopening device for power-operated car doors or gates is replaced, the following requirements shall apply:
(a) The door closing force shall comply with the Code in effect at the time of the installation or alteration.
(b) The kinetic energy shall comply with the Code in effect at the time of the installation or alteration.
(c) When firefighters' emergency operation is provided, door reopening devices and door closing on Phase I and Phase II shall comply with the requirements applicable at the time of installation of the firefighters' emergency operation.
Where a replacement is made to a releasing carrier, the governor rope pull-out and pull-through forces shall be verified in conformance with 8.11.2.3.2(b).
Where any valves, pipings, or fittings are replaced, replacements shall conform to 3.19 with the exception of 3.19.4.6. Replacement control valves must conform to the Code under which it was installed.
The minimum car and counterweight clearances specified in 2.4.6 and 2.4.9 shall be maintained when new suspension means are installed or when existing suspension means are shortened.
The minimum clearances shall be maintained by any of the methods described in 8.6.3.12.1 through 8.6.3.12.3 (see 8.6.4.11).
Provide blocking at the car or counterweight strike plate. The blocking shall be of sufficient strength and secured in place to withstand the reactions of buffer engagement as specified in 8.2.3. If wood blocks are used to directly engage the buffer, a steel plate shall be fastened to the engaging surface or shall be located between that block and the next block to distribute the load upon buffer engagements.
Provide blocking under the car or counterweight buffer or both of sufficient strength and secured in place to withstand the reactions of buffer engagement as described in 8.2.3.
Fluorescent lighting fixtures shall be permitted to be replaced by any type light source, except incandescent sources, and shall comply with all other applicable step demarcation lighting requirements under which the escalator was installed or altered.
Steel wire ropes shall be lightly lubricated. Precautions shall be taken in lubricating suspension steel wire ropes to prevent the loss of traction. Lubrication shall be in accordance with instructions on the rope data tag [see 2.20.2.2.2(n)], if provided.
Equal tension shall be maintained between individual suspension members in each set. Suspension members are considered to be equally tensioned when the smallest tension measured is within 10 percent of the highest tension measured. When suspension member tension is checked or adjusted, an anti-rotation device conforming to the requirements of Section 2.20.9.8 shall be required.
Governor wire ropes shall not be lubricated after installation. If lubricants have been applied to governor ropes, they shall be replaced, or the lubricant removed, and the governor and safety shall be tested as specified in 8.6.4.19.2(b) and 8.6.4.18.2.
Where a data plate is not provided, the lubrication of guide rails shall conform to the following:
(a) Guide rails, except those of elevators equipped with roller or other types of guiding members not requiring lubrication, shall be kept lubricated.
(b) Where sliding-type safeties are used, the guide-rail lubricants, or prelubricated or impregnated guide shoe gibs, where used, shall be of a type recommended by the manufacturer of the safety (see 8.6.1.6.2 and 2.17.16).
If lubricants other than those recommended by the manufacturer are used, a safety test conforming to 8.6.4.20.1 shall be made to demonstrate that the safety will function as required by 2.17.3.
Rails shall be kept clean and free of lint and dirt accumulation and excessive lubricant. Means shall be provided at the base of the rails to collect excess lubricant.
Rust-preventive compounds such as paint, mixtures of graphite and oil, and similar coatings shall not be applied to the guiding surfaces, unless recommended by the manufacturer of the safety. Once applied, the safety shall be checked as specified in 8.6.4.20.1.
The oil level shall be maintained at the level indicated by the manufacturer. The grade of oil to be used shall be as indicated on the buffer marking plate, where required (see 2.22.4.10 and 2.22.4.11).
The driving-machine brake and emergency brake, where provided, shall be maintained annually to ensure proper operations, including, but not limited to the following:
If any part of the driving-machine brake is changed or adjusted that can affect the holding capacity or decelerating capacity of the brake when required (see Section 2.24.8.3), it shall be adjusted and checked by means that will verify its proper function and holding capacity. A test complying with Section 8.6.4.20.4 shall be performed. When springs or brake pads are replaced, a brake load test shall be performed per Subsection 8.10.2.2.2(v).
If any part of the emergency brake is changed or adjusted that can affect the holding capacity or decelerating capacity of the emergency brake when required (see Section 2.19.3), it shall be adjusted and checked by means that will verify its proper function and holding capacity. When springs or brake pads are replaced, a brake load test shall be performed.
Landing blocks and pipe stands shall be permitted to be stored in the pit, provided that they do not interfere with the operation of the elevator and do not present a hazard for persons working in the pit.
Articles or materials not necessary for the maintenance or operation of the elevator shall not be stored in machinery spaces, machine rooms, control spaces, and control rooms.
The tops of cars shall be kept free of oil, water, dirt, and rubbish, and shall not be used for storing lubricants, spare parts, tools, or other items.
The hoisting ropes of elevators having winding-drum driving-machines with 1:1 roping, if of the babbitted rope socket type, shall be resocketed at intervals no longer than
1 year, for machines located over the hoistway;
2 years, for machines located below or at the side of the hoistway;
4 years, for all counterweight cable ends of drum machines;
In addition to the foregoing requirements, rope fastenings shall be resocketed when an inspection reveals any evidence of failure at the shackle regardless of the period of time since last re-shackling.
Where auxiliary rope-fastening devices conforming to the requirements of Section 2.20.10 or where car hoist ropes with additional approved type emergency clamping devices are installed, refastening at the period specified is not required provided that, where such devices are installed, all hoisting ropes shall be refastened on the failure or indication of failure of any rope fastening. Wedge clamp shackles shall not be used on drum machines.
Where the elevator is equipped with a drum counterweight, the fastenings shall be examined for fatigue or damage at the socket. Where fatigue or damage is detected, the ropes shall be refastened in conformance with Section 8.6.4.10.2.
(a) In resocketing babbitted rope sockets or replacing other types of fastenings, a sufficient length shall be cut from the end of the rope to remove damaged or fatigued portions. The fastenings shall conform to 2.20.9. Where the drum ends of the ropes extend beyond their clamps or sockets, means shall be provided to prevent the rope ends from coming out of the inside of the drum and to prevent interference with other parts of the machine.
(b) The suspension wire ropes shall conform to 2.20.7.
A legible metal tag shall be securely attached through one of the tapered rope sockets during each resocketing (as shown in the diagram below), and shall bear the following information:
(a)The name of the person or firm who performed the resocketing; and
(b)The date on which the rope was resocketed.
The material and marking of the tags shall conform to Section 2.16.3.3, except that the height of the letters and figures shall be not less than 1.5 mm (0.0625 in.).
The car and counterweight runby shall be permitted to be reduced (see 2.4.2), provided the car or counterweight does not strike the buffer, the top car clearances are not reduced below that required at the time of installation or alteration, and the final terminal-stopping device is still operational (see also 8.6.3.3.3).
Where spring-return oil buffers are provided and compression was permitted with the car at the terminals (see 2.4.2 and 2.22.4.8), the buffer compression shall not exceed 25% of the buffer stroke.
Governors shall be examined to ensure that all seals are intact and manually operated to determine that all moving parts, including the rope-grip jaws and switches, operate freely.
Governors, governor ropes, and all sheaves shall be free from contaminants or obstructions, or both, that interfere with operation or function, including the accumulation of rope lubricant or materials, or both, in the grooves of governors or sheaves.
All landing and car-door or gate mechanical and electrical components shall be maintained to ensure safe and proper operation including but not limited to, the following:
Where a power-operated horizontally sliding door is closed by momentary pressure or by automatic means, the closing kinetic energy and closing force shall be maintained to conform to 2.13.4 and 2.13.5.
Emergency operation of signaling devices (see 2.27), lighting (see 2.14.7), communication (see 2.27.1.1.2, 2.27.1.1.3, and 2.27.1.2) and ventilation (see 2.14.2.3), shall be maintained.
The elevator shall be maintained to provide a stopping accuracy at the landings during normal operation as appropriate for the type of control, in accordance with applicable Code requirements.
Suspension and compensation means shall be maintained to prevent the compensation sheave from reaching the upper or lower limit of travel and to prevent unintended actuation of compensation sheave switch(es) during normal operation.
(a) Examinations. All working parts of car and counterweight safeties shall be examined to determine that they are in satisfactory operating condition and that they conform to the applicable requirements of 8.7.2.14 through 8.7.2.28 (see 2.17.10 and 2.17.11). Check the level of the oil in the oil buffer and the operation of the buffer compression-switch on Type C safeties.
(b) Tests. Safeties shall be subjected to the following tests with no load in the car:
In this test, the safety shall bring the car to rest promptly.
In the case of Type B safeties, the stopping distance is not required to conform to 2.17.3.
In the case of Type C safeties, full oil buffer compression is not required.
In the case of Type A, B, or C safeties employing rollers or dogs for application of the safety, the rollers or dogs are not required to operate their full travel (Item 2.29.2.1).
(2)Governor-operated wood guide-rail safeties shall be tested by manually tripping the governor with the car at rest and moving the car in the down direction until it is brought to rest by the safety and the hoisting ropes slip on traction sheaves or become slack on winding drum sheaves [Item 2.29.2(d)].
(3) Type A and wood guide-rail safeties without governors which are operated as a result of the breaking or slackening of the hoisting ropes shall be tested by obtaining the necessary slack rope to cause it to function (Item 2.29.2.1).
Normal and final terminal stopping devices shall be examined and tested to determine conformance with the applicable requirements (2.25) (Items 2.20, 2.28.2.1, 3.5.2.1, and 3.6.2.1).
Firefighters' Emergency Operation (Phase I and II) shall be tested to determine conformance with the applicable requirements. Phase I recall shall be tested by individually activating fire alarm initiating device inputs to the elevator control, the key switch at the designated landing and, where provided, the switch at the building fire control station (Part 6).
Operation of elevators equipped with standby or emergency power shall be tested to determine conformance with the applicable requirements (Item 1.17.2.1). Tests shall be performed with no load in the car.
The closing forces and speed of power-operated hoistway door systems shall be tested to determine conformance with the applicable requirements (Item 1.8.1). For elevators required to comply with 2.13.4.2.4, the time in the door Code zone distance shall be measured and compared with the time specified on the data plate.
Where a rope, tape, or chain is used to connect the motion of the car to the machine room normal limit, the switch that senses failure of this connection shall be tested for compliance with 2.26.2.6 (Item 3.26.1.1).
Verify SIL rated device(s) used to satisfy 2.26.4.3.2, 2.26.8.2, 2.26.9.3.2(b), 2.26.9.5.1(b), and 2.26.9.6.1(b) are as identified on wiring diagrams (8.6.1.6.3) with part identification, SIL, and certification identification information. The person or firm installing the equipment shall provide a written checkout procedure and demonstrate that SIL rated devices, safety functions (see Table 2.26.4.3.2), and related circuits operate as intended.
(a) Examinations. All working parts of ascending car overspeed protection and unintended car movement devices shall be examined to determine that they are in satisfactory operating condition and that they conform to the applicable requirements of 2.19.1.2(a) and 2.19.2.2(a).
(b) Tests. Ascending car overspeed protection shall be subjected to tests with no load in the car at the slowest operating speed in the up direction.
(c) Tests.Unintended car movement shall be subjected to tests with no load in the car at the slowest operating speed in the up direction.
Where provided, testing of broken-suspension and residual-strength detection means shall comply with the following:
(a) The broken-suspension-member detection means shall be tested by simulating a slack suspension member or a loss of a suspension member as appropriate (see 2.20.8.2).
Types A, B, and C car and counterweight safeties shall be tested in accordance with Subsection 8.6.4.20.1(a)
(a) Rated Load and Rated Speed Test. Car safeties, except those operating on wood guide rails, and their governors, shall be tested with rated load in the car. Counterweight safety tests shall be made with no load in the car. Tests shall be made by tripping the governor by hand at the rated speed. The following operational conditions shall be checked (Item 2.29.2):
(1) Type B safeties shall stop the car with the rated load within the required range of stopping distances for which the governor is tripped (Item 2.29.2) and the level of the platform checked for conformance to Section2.17.9.2.
(2) For Type A safeties and Type A safety parts of Type C safeties, there shall be sufficient travel of the safety rollers or dogs remaining after the test to bring the car and its rated load to rest on safety application at governor tripping speed. The level of the platform shall be checked for conformance to Section2.17.9.2.
(a) The tripping speed of the governor and the speed at which the governor overspeed switch, where provided, operates shall be tested to determine conformance with the applicable requirements and the adjustable means shall be sealed (Item 2.13.2.1).
(b) The governor rope pull-through and pull-out forces shall be tested to determine conformance with the applicable requirements, and the adjustment means shall be sealed (Item 2.13.2.1).
(c) After these tests in jurisdictions enforcing NBCC, a metal tag indicating the date of the governor tests, together with the name of the person or firm that performed the tests, shall be attached to the governor in a permanent manner.
(a) Car oil buffers shall be tested to determine conformance with the applicable requirements by running the car onto the buffer with rated load at rated speed.
(b) For reduced stroke buffers, this test shall be made at the reduced striking speed permitted (Item 5.9.2.1).
(c) This test is not required where a Type C safety is used (see Section8.6.4.20.1).
(e) After completion of the test, a metal tag, indicating the date of the test, together with the name of the person or firm who performed the test, shall be attached to the buffer [Item 5.3.2(b)].
(f) Counterweight oil buffers shall be tested by running the counterweight onto its buffer at rated speed with no load in the car, except as specified in Subsections 8.6.4.20.3(b) and (c) (Item 5.9.2.1), or at reduced speed if the requirements of Section 8.6.11.10 are met.
(g) A test tag as required in Section8.6.1.7.2 shall be provided.
For elevators installed under ASME A17.1-2000/CSA B44-00 and later editions, have the brake setting verified in accordance with the data on the brake marking plate.
Upon completion of the test, the means of adjusting the holding capacity shall be sealed to prevent changing the adjustment without breaking the seal. The seal shall bear or otherwise attach the identification of the person or firm that installed it. (See also 8.6.1.7.2, Periodic Test Tags.)
Rated load or one piece load, whichever is greater
125% rated load or one piece load, whichever is greater
(a) Test with load per Table 8.6.4.20.4. Place the load as shown in Table 8.6.4.20.4 in the car. The driving-machine brake, on its own, shall hold the car with this load. With no load in the car the driving-machine brake shall hold the empty car at rest, and shall decelerate an empty car traveling in the up direction from governor tripping speed. The driving-machine brake on freight elevators of Class C-2 loading, when loaded to their maximum design load, shall hold the elevator car at rest (Item 2.17.2.1).
Check that the leveling zone does not exceed the maximum allowable distance. Check that the leveling speed does not exceed 0.75 m/s (150 ft/min). For static controlelevators, the person or firm installing or maintaining the equipment shall provide a written checkout procedure and demonstrate that the leveling speed with the doors open is limited to a maximum of 0.75 m/s (150 ft/min) and that the speed-limiting (or speed monitor) means is independent of the normal means of controlling this speed [Item 1.10.2(b)].
For static controlelevators, check that the zone in which the car can move with the doors open is not more than 75 mm (3 in.) above or below the landing (Item 1.10.2.1).
Traction and traction limits on traction elevators shall be verified for compliance with 2.24.2.3 in accordance with 8.6.4.20.10(a) or subject to approval by the authority having jurisdiction, with 8.6.4.20.10(b).
(a) Dynamic Stopping Test. Traction elevators shall be tested to ensure that
(1) during an emergency stop initiated by any of the electrical protective device(s) listed in 2.26.2 (except 2.26.2.13) (except buffer switches for oil buffers used with Type C car safeties) at the rated speed in the down direction, with passenger elevators and freight elevators permitted to carry passengers carrying 125% of their rated load, or with freight elevators carrying their rated load, cars shall safely stop and hold the load (see 2.24.2.3.1, 2.24.2.3.2 and 2.24.2.3.3); and
(2) if either the car or the counterweight bottoms on its buffers or becomes otherwise immovable, one of the following shall occur (see 2.24.2.3.4):
(a) the suspension means shall lose traction with respect to the drive sheave and not allow the car or counterweight to be raised; or
(b) the driving system shall stall and not allow the car or counterweight to be raised.
(3) With a load in the car in accordance with Table 8.6.4.20.4, the braking system and traction relation shall be tested to show the system can safely stop and hold the car, and where required by 2.16.2.2.4(c) shall re-level the car.
Where steel wire ropes have worn through a nonmetallic drive-sheave groove surface and have not damaged the supporting sheave surface beneath the nonmetallic sheave groove surface, the groove surfaces shall be replaced and the steel wire ropes shall be inspected for conformance to the criteria of ASME A17.6, Section 1.10, and replaced, if necessary. Where the sheave-supporting surfaces have been damaged, the drive sheave shall also be replaced or repaired and the groove surfaces shall be replaced.
Where pressure piping, valves, and cylinders use packing glands or seals, they shall be examined and maintained to prevent excessive loss of fluid. When a cylinder packing or seal or a pressure-piping seal is replaced, the integrity of the entire hydraulic system shall be verified by operating it at relief-valve pressure for not less than 15 sec.
Oil leakage collected from each cylinder head seals or packing gland shall not exceed 19 L (5 gal) before removal. The container shall be covered and shall not be permitted to overflow.
Flexible hose and fittings assemblies installed between the check valve or control valve and the cylinder, and that are not equipped with an overspeed valve conforming to 3.19.4.7, shall be replaced not more than 6 years beyond the installation date. Existing hose assemblies that do not indicate an installation or replacement date shall be replaced. Replacements shall conform to 3.19.3.3.1(a) through (e) and 3.19.3.3.2.
For systems where the part of cylinder and/or piping is not exposed for visible examination, a written record shall be kept of the quantity of hydraulic fluid added to the system and emptied from leakage collection containers and pans. The written record shall be kept in the machine room, When the quantity of hydraulic fluid loss cannot be accounted for, the test specified in 8.6.5.14.1 and 8.6.5.14.2 shall be made.
Hydraulic cylinders installed below ground shall conform to 3.18.3.4, or the elevator shall conform to 8.6.5.8(a) or 8.6.5.8(b):
(a) the elevator shall be provided with car safeties conforming to 3.17.1 and guide rails, guide-rail supports, and fastenings conforming to 3.23.1; or
The relief-valve adjustment shall be examined to ensure that the seal is intact. If the relief-valve seal is not intact, tests shall be conducted in accordance with 8.6.5.14.1.
The minimum car and counterweight clearances and runby shall be maintained in compliance with the applicable code when replacementsuspension ropes are installed or when existing suspension ropes are shortened.
Overspeed valves shall be calibrated and maintained in accordance with the manufacturer's recommendations including replacement of the valve seals or entire valves at intervals specified. All elevators provided with field adjustable overspeed valves shall have the adjustment means examined to ensure the seal is intact. If the overspeed adjustment seal is not intact, compliance with 8.6.5.16.5 shall be verified and a new seal shall be installed.
The relief valve setting shall be tested to determine that it will bypass the full output of the pump before the pressure exceeds 150% of the working pressure. Once this is established, test the entire system to ensure that it will withstand this pressure. It shall be resealed if the relief valve setting is altered or if the seal is broken (Item 2.31).
This test shall be performed after the relief valve setting and system pressure test in 8.6.5.14.1.
(a) Cylinders and pressure piping that are exposed shall be visually examined.
(b) Cylinders and pressure piping that are not exposed shall be tested for leakage, which cannot be accounted for by the visual examination in 8.6.5.14.2(a) (Item 2.36.2).
The duration of the test shall be for a minimum of 15 min (Item 2.36.2).
Flexible hose and fitting assemblies shall be tested at the relief valve setting pressure for a minimum of 30 s.
Any signs of leakage, slippage of hose fittings, damage to outer hose covering sufficient to expose reinforcement, or bulging, or distortions of the hose body is cause for replacement.
CAUTION: If the motor protection or motor overloads trip during this test, DO NOT change the adjustment or jumper the overloads. Damage to the motor can result from running the motor without adequate overload protection.
The closing forces and speed of power-operated hoistway door systems shall be tested to determine conformance with the applicable requirements (Item 1.8.2). For elevators required to comply with 2.13.4.2.4, the time in the door Code zone distance shall be measured and compared with the time specified on the data plate.
The slack-rope device shall be tested on a roped hydraulic elevator by causing a slack-rope condition to occur and verify that it will remove power in compliance with 3.18.1.2.5 (Item 3.31.2).
Piston rods of roped water-hydraulic elevators shall be exposed, thoroughly cleaned, and examined for wear or corrosion. The piston rods shall be replaced if at any place the diameter is less than the root diameter of the threads (Item 5.11).
Pressure vessels shall be checked to determine conformance with the applicable requirements, thoroughly cleaned, internally examined, and then subjected to a hydrostatic test at 150% of the working pressure for 1 min (3.24.4) (Item 2.33).
Governors, safeties, and oil buffers, where provided, shall be inspected and tested as specified in 8.6.4.20.1, 8.6.4.20.2, and 8.6.4.20.3 at intervals specified by the authority having jurisdiction. Where activation is allowed or required both by overspeed and slack rope, the safety shall have both means of activation tested.
Wire rope fastenings shall be examined in accordance with Item 3.23 of A17.2. Fastenings on roped-hydraulic elevators utilizing pistons that are hidden by cylinder head seals shall also be examined, even if it is temporarily necessary to support the car by other means and disassemble the cylinder head.
Overspeed valves, where provided, shall be inspected and tested to verify that they will stop the car, traveling down with rated load, within the specified limits of 3.19.4.7.5(a) using a written procedure supplied by the valve manufacturer or the person or firm maintaining the equipment. If the seal has been altered or broken, the overspeed valve shall be resealed after successful test (Item 5.15.2).
The maintenance of rack-and-pinion elevators shall conform to 8.6.1 through 8.6.3 and the applicable requirements of 8.6. Where the car and/or counterweight safeties are sealed to prevent field adjustment and examination, they shall be returned to the manufacturer for replacement of components and calibration at the interval recommended by the manufacturer. A data plate shall be installed to show the date that the next maintenance/calibration is due.
Rack-and-pinion elevators shall be subject to the applicable periodic tests specified in 8.6.4.19 and 8.6.4.20. The test requirements shall apply to the corresponding requirements of 4.1. Any additional requirements for this equipment shall also be checked during these tests.
Screw-columnelevators shall be subject to the applicable periodic tests specified in 8.6.4.19, 8.6.4.20, and 8.6.5.14 through 8.6.5.16. The test requirements shall apply to the corresponding requirements of 4.2. Any additional requirements for this equipment shall also be checked during these tests.
Hand elevators shall be subject to the applicable periodic tests specified in 8.6.4.19 and 8.6.4.20. The test requirements shall apply to the corresponding requirements in 4.3. Any additional requirements for this equipment shall also be checked during these tests. The driving-machine brake required by 4.3.19.2 shall be tested with both empty car and rated load in the car.
Inclined elevators shall be subject to the applicable periodic tests specified in 8.6.4.19, 8.6.4.20, and 8.6.5.14 through 8.6.5.16. The test requirements shall apply to the corresponding requirements in 5.1. Any additional requirements for this equipment shall also be checked during these tests.
Limited-use/limited-applications elevators shall be subject to the applicable periodic tests specified in 8.6.4.19, 8.6.4.20, and 8.6.5.14 through 8.6.5.16. The test requirements shall apply to the corresponding requirements of 5.2. Any additional requirements for this equipment shall also be checked during these tests.
Private residence elevators and lifts should be subject to the periodic tests specified in 8.6.4.19, 8.6.4.20, and 8.6.5.14 through 8.6.5.16. The test requirements shall apply to the corresponding requirements in 5.3. Any additional requirements for this equipment should also be checked during these tests.
Sidewalk elevators shall be subject to the applicable periodic tests specified in 8.6.4.19, 8.6.4.20, and 8.6.5.14 through 8.6.5.16. The test requirements shall apply to the corresponding requirements in 5.5. Any additional requirements for this equipment shall also be checked during these tests.
Rooftop elevators shall be subject to the applicable periodic tests specified in 8.6.4.19, 8.6.4.20, and 8.6.5.14 through 8.6.5.16. The test requirements shall apply to the corresponding requirements of 5.6. Any additional requirements for this equipment shall also be checked during these tests.
Special purpose personnel elevators shall be subject to the applicable tests specified in 8.6.4.19, 8.6.4.20, and 8.6.5.14 through 8.6.5.16. The test requirements shall apply to the corresponding requirements in 5.7. Any additional requirements for this equipment shall also be checked during these tests.
Shipboard elevators shall be subject to the applicable periodic tests specified in 8.6.4.19, 8.6.4.20, and 8.6.5.14 through 8.6.5.16. The test requirements shall apply to the corresponding requirements of 5.8. Any additional requirements for this equipment shall also be checked during these tests.
The mine elevator hoistway shall be maintained to minimize the entry of water and formation of ice, that would interfere with the operation of the elevator.
Where emergency replacement of wire ropes is required, noncorrosion resistant wire ropes shall be permitted to be installed for temporary use. These emergency replacement noncorrosion resistant wire ropes shall be replaced by corrosion resistant wire ropes within one year of installation.
Mine elevators shall be subject to the applicable periodic tests specified in 8.6.4.19, 8.6.4.20, and 8.6.5.14 through 8.6.5.16. The test requirements shall apply to the corresponding requirements of 5.9. Any additional requirements for this equipment shall also be checked during these tests.
Wire rope gripping safeties with slack rope actuation, or wire rope gripping safeties with an internal centrifugal governor, shall be tested with rated load in the car. Tests for governor-operated safeties shall be made by manually tripping the governor at the rated speed. The overspeed switch on the governor shall be made ineffective during the test.
Types A, B, and C car safeties except those operating on wood guide rails, and their governors, wire rope gripping safeties with slack rope actuation, or wire rope gripping safeties with an internal centrifugal governor shall be tested with rated load in the car. Counterweight safety tests shall be made with no load in the car. Tests for governor operated safeties shall be made by manually tripping the governor at the rated speed. The overspeed switch on the governor shall be made ineffective during the test. Type A safeties and wire rope gripping safeties without governors that are operated as a result of the breaking or slackening of the hoisting ropes shall be tested by obtaining the necessary slack rope to cause it to function (Item 2.29.2.1) and hold the car with rated load. The following operational conditions shall be checked (Item 2.29.2.1).
Handrails shall operate at the speed specified in the applicable codes. The handrail speed monitoring device, when provided, shall cause electric power to be removed from the driving-machine motor and brake when the speed of either handrail deviates from the step speed by 15% or more and continuously within a 2 s to 6 s range. Cracked or damaged handrails that present a pinching effect shall be repaired or replaced. Splicing of handrails shall be done in such a manner that the joint is free of pinching effect.
Clearances shall be maintained in compliance with the applicable codes, and the clearance on either side of the steps and between the steps and the adjacent skirt guard shall not exceed 4 mm (0.16 in.), and the sum of the clearances on both sides shall not exceed 7 mm (0.28 in.).
Combs shall be adjusted and maintained in mesh with the slots in the step surface so that the points of the teeth are always below the upper surface of the treads.
For units installed under A17.1b-1992 and later editions of the Code, comb-step impact devices shall be adjusted to operate in compliance with the forces specified in 6.1.6.3.13.
Caution signs shall be provided in compliance with 6.1.6.9. Damaged or missing signs shall be replaced. Additional signs, if provided, shall comply with 6.1.6.9.
Brakes shall be maintained in compliance with the applicable requirements of 8.6.4.6, and adjusted to the torque shown on the data plate, where provided.
The interiors of escalators and their components shall be cleaned to prevent an accumulation of oil, grease, lint, dirt, and refuse. The frequency of the cleaning will depend on service and conditions, but an examination to determine if cleaning is necessary shall be required at least once a year.
Escalator landing plates shall be properly secured in place. Landing plates shall be kept free of tripping hazards and maintained to provide a secure foothold. All required entrance and exit safety zones shall be kept free from obstructions.
The reversal stop switch (to prevent reversal when operating in the ascending direction) shall be tested by manually operating it to determine that it functions properly (Items 8.7 and 10.7).
If the device cannot be manually operated, the person or firm maintaining the equipment shall provide a written checkout procedure and demonstrate the device complies with the requirements of the Code.
The missing step or pallet device shall be tested by removing a step or pallet and verifying that the device will properly function (Items 8.10 and 10.10).
The step, or pallet level device shall be tested by simulating an out of level step or pallet and verifying that the device functions properly (Items 8.11 and 10.11).
The steps, pallet, step or pallet chain, and trusses shall be visually examined for structural defects, mechanical condition, and buildup of combustible materials (Items 8.12 and 10.12).
The handrail operating system shall be visually examined for condition. The handrail entry device, and the stopped handrail or handrail speed monitoring device, shall be tested by disconnecting of handrail motion sensor (Items 8.13 and 10.13).
The person or firm maintaining the equipment shall provide a written checkout procedure and demonstrate that the handrail speed does not change when a retarding force, up to the maximum required by code, is applied opposite to the direction of travel (Items 7.3 and 9.3).
Escalators shall have periodic examination of the clearance between successive steps to detect wear or stretch of the step chains. The clearance shall not exceed 6 mm (0.25 in.) (Item 7.9).
For escalator or moving walks required to comply with Rules 805.1u, 805.3n, 905.1r, or 905.3k in A17.1d-2000 or earlier editions, or requirements 6.1.6.3.13 or 6.2.6.3.11, the comb-step/pallet-impact devices shall be tested in both the vertical and horizontal directions by placing a vertical and horizontal force on the combplate to cause operation of the device. The vertical and horizontal tests shall be independent of each other. The horizontal force shall be applied at the front edge center and both sides; the force shall be applied in the direction of travel into the combplate. The vertical force shall be applied at the front edge center. Both the vertical and horizontal forces required to operate the device shall be recorded (6.1.6.3.13 and 6.2.6.3.11; Items 7.7.2 and 9.7.2).
Escalators installed under ASME A17.1d—2000 shall be tested as follows (Item 7.17):
(a) Loaded gap measurements shall be taken at intervals not exceeding 300 mm (12 in.) in transition region (6.1.3.6.5) and before the steps are fully extended. These measurements shall be made independently on each side of the escalator.
(b) The applied load shall not deviate from 110 N (25 lbf) by more than ±11 N (2.5 lbf) (6.1.3.3.5). The load shall be distributed over a round or square area no less than 1 940 mm2 (3 in.2) and no more than 3 870 mm2 (6 in.2).
(c) For the loaded gap measurements, the center of the applied load shall be between 25 mm (1 in.) and 100 mm (4 in.) below the nose line of the steps. The center of the applied load shall be not more than 250 mm (10 in.) from the nose of the step. See Fig. 8.6.8.15.19(e).
Inspection control devices shall be tested and inspected to determine conformance with the requirements of 6.1.6.2.2 for escalators and 6.2.6.2.2 for moving walks.
Handrails shall operate at the speed specified in applicable codes. The handrail speed monitoring device, when provided, shall cause electric power to be removed from the driving-machine motor and brake when the speed of either handrail deviates from the treadway by 15% or more and continuously within a 2 s to 6 s range. Cracked or damaged handrails that present a pinching effect shall be repaired or replaced. Splicing of handrails shall be done in such a manner that the joint is free of pinching effect.
Combs shall be adjusted and maintained in mesh with the slots in the treadway surface so that the points of the teeth are always below the upper surface of the treads.
For units installed under A17.1b-1992 and later editions of the Code, comb-pallet impact devices shall be adjusted to operate in compliance with the forces specified in 6.2.6.3.11.
Belt-type treadways that are damaged or worn in such a manner that the treadway does not provide a continuous unbroken treadway surface or proper engagement with the combplates shall be repaired or replaced.
Caution signs shall be provided in compliance with 6.2.6.8. Damaged or missing signs shall be replaced. Additional signs, if provided, shall comply with 6.2.6.8.
Brakes shall be maintained in compliance with the applicable requirements of 8.6.4.6, and adjusted to the torque shown on the data plate, where provided.
The interiors of moving walks, and their components shall be cleaned to prevent an accumulation of oil, grease, lint, dirt, and refuse. The frequency of the cleaning will depend on service and conditions, but an examination to determine if cleaning is necessary shall be required at least once a year.
Moving walk landing plates shall be properly secured in place. Landing plates shall be kept free of tripping hazards and maintained to provide a secure foothold. All required entrance and exit safety zones shall be kept free from obstructions.
The clearance between each side of the treadway and the adjacent skirt panels, when provided, shall be maintained in compliance with 6.2.3.3.6. The clearance between the top surface of the treadway and the underside of the balustrade shall be maintained in compliance with 6.2.3.3.5 for skirtless balustrades.
Dumbwaiters shall be subject to the applicable periodic tests specified in 8.6.4.19 and 8.6.5.14. The test requirements shall apply to the corresponding requirements in Part 7. Any additional requirements for this equipment shall also be checked during these tests.
On winding drum machines, the slack-rope devices required by 2.26.2.1 shall be permitted to be tested as specified in Item 2.18. The driving-machine brake shall be tested to determine conformance with 7.2.10 (Item 2.18).
Material lifts and dumbwaiters with automatic transfer devices shall be subject to the applicable periodic tests specified in 8.6.4.19 and 8.6.5.14. The test requirements shall apply to the corresponding requirements in Part 7. Any additional requirements for this equipment shall also be checked during these tests.
All elevators provided with firefighters' emergency operation shall be subjected monthly, by authorized personnel, to Phase I recall by use of the key switch, and a minimum of one-floor operation on Phase II, except in jurisdictions enforcing the NBCC. Deficiencies shall be corrected. A record of findings shall be available to elevator personnel and the authority having jurisdiction.
The two-way communications means shall be checked annually by authorized personnel in accordance with the following:
(a) Two-way communications means shall be checked to verify that two-way communications is established; or
(b) All elevators installed under ASME A17.1a-2002/CSA B44-00 Update 1 and later editions shall have the two-way communications means checked by pressing the "HELP" button in the car to verify that the visual indicator [2.27.1.1.3(c)] is functional and that the answering authorized personnel can receive the building location and elevator number [2.27.1.1.3(d)]; and
(c) Where communications from the building into the elevator is provided, check the two-way communications means to each car.
Keys required for access, operation, inspection, maintenance, repair, and emergency access shall be made available only to personnel in the assigned security level, in accordance with 8.1.
A written cleaning procedure shall be made and kept on the premises where the elevator is located and shall be available to the authority having jurisdiction.
All personnel assigned to cleaning shall be given a copy of these procedures and all necessary training to assure that they understand and comply with the procedures.
The procedure shall identify the hazards. The procedure shall also detail the safety precautions utilized in evacuating passengers from a stalled elevator.
(b) Stopped escalators shall not be used as a means of access or egress by non-authorized personnel and shall be properly barricaded if accessible to the general public to prevent such use.
NOTE: Proper barricades are described in the Elevator Industry Field Employee Safety Handbook — Escalator/Moving Walk Barricades.
The following procedure shall be utilized when starting an escalator or moving walk:
(a) Prior to starting the unit, observe the steps or pallets and both landing areas to ensure no persons are on the unit or about to board. Run the unit away from the landing.
(b) Verify correct operation of the starting switch.
(c) Verify correct operation of the stop buttons.
(d) Verify correct operation of each stop button cover alarm, if furnished.
(e) Visually examine the steps or treadway for damaged or missing components; combplates for broken or missing teeth; skirt or dynamic skirt panels and balustrades for damage.
(f) Verify that both handrails travel at substantially the same speed as the steps or the treadway, are free from damage or pinch points, and that entry guards are in place.
(g) Visually verify that all steps, pallets, or the treadway is properly positioned.
(h) Verify that ceiling intersection guards, anti-slide devices, deck barricades, and caution signs are securely in place.
(i) Verify that demarcation lighting is illuminated, if furnished.
(j) Check for uniform lighting on steps/tread not contrasting with surrounding areas.
(k) Verify that the safety zone is clear of obstacles and that the landing area and adjacent floor area are free from foreign matter and slipping or tripping hazards.
(l) Check for any unusual noise or vibration during operation.
If any of these conditions is unsatisfactory in 8.6.11.6.2(a) through (1), the unit shall be placed out of service. Barricade the landing areas and notify the responsible party of the problem.
A written procedure for operating the means shall be posted in a permanent manner in plain view at an appropriate location on or adjacent to the means (see 2.7.5.1.1 or 2.7.5.2.1). The posting shall conform to ANSI Z535.4 or CAN/CSA Z321, whichever is applicable (see Part 9).
A written procedure to outline the method for egress and reentry shall be posted in a permanent manner in plain view at an appropriate location at the egress/reentry point (see 2.7.5.1.3 or 2.7.5.2.3). The posting shall conform to ANSI Z535.4 or CAN/CSA Z321, whichever is applicable (see Part 9).
A written procedure to outline the method for the use of retractable platforms shall be posted in a permanent manner in plain view at an appropriate location on or adjacent to the retractable platform (see 2.7.5.3.1). The posting shall conform to ANSI Z535.4 or CAN/CSA Z321, whichever is applicable (see Part 9).
Where the traction-loss detection means has been actuated [see 2.20.8.1 and 8.6.1.2.1(g)], the elevator shall not be returned to service until a physical examination of the drive sheave and suspension means has been conducted. The elevator shall not be moved until all passengers are out of the elevator and the elevator is posted out-of-service. In addition to the suspension-means evaluation criteria in 8.11.2.1.3(cc), any suspension-means or drive-sheave condition that would adversely affect the traction capability of the system (see 2.24.2.3) shall be corrected before returning the elevator to service.
NOTE: See lockout/tagout procedures in Elevator Industry Field Employees' Safety Handbook for procedure for removing the elevator from service.
After any safety application on a traction elevator has occurred, whether due to testing or during normal service, the driving-machine sheave, all other sheaves, where furnished, and retainers and suspension members shall be examined throughout their complete length to ensure that all suspension members are properly seated in their respective sheaves, and that no damage has occurred to sheaves, suspension members, or retainers. The elevator shall not be returned to service until this physical examination has been conducted and any repairs made, if necessary.
All elevators provided with Occupant Evacuation Operation shall be subjected, by authorized personnel, to a check of the operation in conjunction with the fire alarm system testing in accordance with the requirements of NFPA 72, as modified by Appendix Q of the New York City Building Code and any applicable rules. Deficiencies shall be corrected. A record of findings shall be available to elevator personnel and the commissioner. These tests and inspections are not part of the Category 1 or Category 5 tests or inspections.
After any application of the broken-suspension-member detection means, whether due to testing or during normal service, the driving-machine sheave, all other sheaves, where furnished, and retainers and suspension members shall be examined throughout their complete length to ensure that all suspension members are properly seated in their respective sheaves, and that no damage has occurred to sheaves, suspension members, or retainers. The elevator shall not be returned to service until this physical examination has been conducted and any repairs made, if necessary. Where a single suspension member has been damaged or broken, the entire suspension means shall be replaced in accordance with 8.6.3.2.
When any alteration is performed, regardless of any other requirements of 8.7, the installation, as a minimum, shall conform to the following applicable Code requirements:
Where an alteration not specifically covered in 8.7 is made, it shall not diminish the level of safety below that which existed prior to the alteration. See also 1.2.
Design shall be verified by a licensed professional engineer for welding, repair, cutting, or splicing of members upon which the support of the car, counterweight, escalator, or moving walks, trusses, girders, and tracks depends.
During alterations, temporary wiring shall be permitted. The electrical protective devices of cars in normal operation shall not be rendered inoperative or ineffective.
A data plate shall be provided as required by 8.6.1.5. In jurisdictions enforcing NBCC, the data plate required by 8.9.1 shall include the code and edition in effect at the time of alteration and the requirements in 8.7 that were applicable to the alteration.
