1. Specific provisions for flammable liquids in motor fuel-dispensing facilities, repair garages, airports and marinas in Chapter 23.
2. Medicines, foodstuffs, cosmetics, and commercial, institutional and industrial products containing not more than 50 percent by volume of water-miscible liquids and with the remainder of the solution not being flammable, provided that such materials are packaged in individual containers not exceeding 1.3 gallons (5 L).
3. Quantities of alcoholic beverages in retail or wholesale sales or storage occupancies, providied that the liquids are packaged in individual containers not exceeding 1.3 gallons (5 L).
4. Storage and use of fuel oil in tanks and containers connected to oil-burning equipment. Such storage and use shall be in accordance with Section 603. For abandonment of fuel oil tanks, this chapter applies.
5. Refrigerant liquids and oils in refrigeration systems (see Section 606).
6. Storage and display of aerosol products complying with Chapter 51.
7. Storage and use of liquids that have no fire point when tested in accordance with ASTM D92.
8. Liquids with a flash point greater than 95°F (35°C) in a water-miscible solution or dispersion with a water and inert (noncombustible) solids content of more than 80 percent by weight, which do not sustain combustion.
9. Liquids without flash points that can be flammable under some conditions, such as certain halogenated hydrocarbons and mixtures containing halogenated hydrocarbons.
10. The storage of distilled spirits and wines in wooden barrels and casks.
When mixed with lower flash-point liquids, Class II or III liquids are capable of assuming the characteristics of the lower flash-point liquids. Under such conditions, the appropriate provisions of this chapter for the actual flash point of the mixed liquid shall apply.
When heated above their flash points, Class II and III liquids assume the characteristics of Class I liquids. Under such conditions, the appropriate provisions of this chapter for flammable liquids shall apply.
TABLE 5703.1.1
CLASS I ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT LOCATIONSa
| LOCATION | GROUP D DIVISION | EXTENT OF CLASSIFIED AREA |
| Underground tank fill opening | 1 | Pits, boxes or spaces below grade level, any part of which is within the Division 1 or 2 classified area. Up to 18 inches above grade level within a horizontal radius of 10 feet from a loose-fill connection and within a horizontal radius of 5 feet from a tight-fill connection. |
| 2 | ||
| Vent—Discharging upward | 1 | Within 3 feet of open end of vent, extending in all directions. |
| 2 | Area between 3 feet and 5 feet of open end of vent, extending in all directions. | |
| Drum and container filling Outdoor or indoor with adequate ventilation | 1 2 | Within 3 feet of vent and fill opening, extending in all directions. Area between 3 feet and 5 feet from vent of fill opening, extending in all directions. Also up to 18 inches above floor or grade level within a horizontal radius of 10 feet from vent or fill opening. |
| Pumps, bleeders, withdrawal fittings, meters and similar devices Indoor | 2 | Within 5 feet of any edge of such devices, extending in all directions. Also up to 3 feet above floor or grade level within 25 feet horizontally from any edge of such devices. |
| Outdoor | 2 | Within 3 feet of any edge of such devices, extending in all directions. Also up to 18 inches above floor or grade level within 10 feet horizontally from an edge of such devices. |
| Pits Without mechanical ventilation With mechanical ventilation Containing valves, fittings or piping, and not within a Division 1 or 2 classified area | 1 2 2 | Entire area within pit if any part is within a Division 1 or 2 classified area. Entire area within pit if any part is within a Division 1 or 2 classified area. Entire pit. |
| Drainage ditches, separators, impounding basins Indoor Outdoor | 1 or 2 2 | Same as pits. Area up to 18 inches above ditch, separator or basin. Also up to 18 inches above grade within 15 feet horizontal from any edge. |
| Tank vehicle and tank carb Loading through open dome | 1 2 1 2 | Within 3 feet of edge of dome, extending in all directions. Area between 3 feet and 15 feet from edge of dome, extending in all directions. Within 3 feet of point of venting to atmosphere, extending in all directions. Area between 3 feet and 15 feet from point of venting to atmosphere, extending in all directions. Also up to 18 inches above grade within a horizontal radius of 10 feet from point of loading connection. |
| Loading through bottom connections with atmospheric venting | ||
(continued)
TABLE 5703.1.1—continued
CLASS I ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT LOCATIONSa
| LOCATION | GROUP D DIVISION | EXTENT OF CLASSIFIED AREA |
| Tank vehicle and tank carb—continued Loading through closed dome with atmospheric venting | 1 2 | Within 3 feet of open end of vent, extending in all directions. Area between 3 feet and 15 feet from open end of vent, extending in all directions. Also within 3 feet of edge of dome, extending in all directions. |
| Loading through closed dome with vapor control | 2 | Within 3 feet of point of connection of both fill and vapor lines, extending in all directions. |
| Bottom loading with vapor control or any bottom unloading | 2 | Within 3 feet of point of connection, extending in all directions. Also up to 18 inches above grade within a horizontal radius of 10 feet from point of connection. |
| Storage and repair garage for tank vehicles | 1 2 | Pits or spaces below floor level. Area up to 18 inches above floor or grade level for entire storage or repair garage. |
| Garages for other than tank vehicles | Ordinary | Where there is an opening to these rooms within the extent of an outdoor classified area, the entire room shall be classified the same as the area classification at the point of the opening. |
| Outdoor drum storage | Ordinary | — |
| Indoor warehousing where there is no flammable liquid transfer | Ordinary | Where there is an opening to these rooms within the extent of an indoor classified area, the room shall be classified the same as if the wall, curb or partition did not exist. |
| Indoor equipment where flammable vapor/air mixtures could exist under normal operations | 1 2 | Area within 5 feet of any edge of such equipment, extending in all directions. Area between 5 feet and 8 feet of any edge of such equipment, extending in all directions. Also, area up to 3 feet above floor or grade level within 5 feet to 25 feet horizontally from any edge of such equipment.c |
| Outdoor equipment where flammable vapor/air mixtures could exist under normal operations | 1 2 | Area within 3 feet of any edge of such equipment, extending in all directions. Area between 3 feet and 8 feet of any edge of such equipment extending in all directions. Also, area up to 3 feet above floor or grade level within 3 feet to 10 feet horizontally from any edge of such equipment. |
| Tank—Above ground Shell, ends or roof and dike area | 1 | Area inside dike where dike height is greater than the distance from the tank to the dike for more than 50 percent of the tank circumference. |
| Vent | 2 1 2 | Area within 10 feet from shell, ends or roof of tank. Area inside dikes to level of top of dike. Area within 5 feet of open end of vent, extending in all directions. Area between 5 feet and 10 feet from open end of vent, extending in all directions. |
| Floating roof | 1 | Area above the roof and within the shell. |
| Office and restrooms | Ordinary | Where there is an opening to these rooms within the extent of an indoor classified location, the room shall be classified the same as if the wall, curb or partition did not exist. |
| For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 foot = 304.8 mm. |
| a. Locations as classified in NFPA 70. |
| b. When classifying extent of area, consideration shall be given to the fact that tank cars or tank vehicles can be spotted at varying points. Therefore, the extremities of the loading or unloading positions shall be used. |
| c. The release of Class I liquids can generate vapors to the extent that the entire building, and possibly a zone surrounding it, are considered a Class I, Division 2 location. |
TABLE 5703.6.2
PIPING STANDARDS
| PIPING USE | STANDARD |
| Power Piping | ASME B31.1 |
| Process Piping | ASME B31.3 |
| Pipeline Transportation Systems for Liquid Hydrocarbons and Other Liquids | ASME B31.4 |
| Building Services Piping | ASME B31.9 |
1. Suitably protected against fire exposure.
2. Located where leakage from failure would not unduly expose people or structures.
3. Located where leakage can be readily controlled by operation of accessible remotely located valves.
1. Draining liquid away from the piping system at a minimum slope of not less than 1 percent.
2. Providing protection with a fire-resistance rating of not less than 2 hours.
3. Other approved methods.
1. Where piping connects to underground tanks.
2. Where piping ends at pump islands and vent risers.
3. At points where differential movement in the piping can occur.
1. Piping does not exceed 4 inches (102 mm) in diameter.
2. Piping has a straight run of not less than 4 feet (1219 mm) on one side of the connection when such connections result in a change of direction.
1. The storage of flammable and combustible liquids in fixed above-ground and underground tanks.
2. The storage of flammable and combustible liquids in fixed above-ground tanks inside of buildings.
3. The storage of flammable and combustible liquids in portable tanks whose capacity exceeds 660 gallons (2498 L).
4. The installation of such tanks and portable tanks.
1. Tanks of 300-gallon (1136 L) capacity or less located on private property and used for heating and cooking fuels in single-family dwellings.
2. Tanks located underground.
1. Tanks larger than 12,000 gallons (45 420 L) in capacity storing Class IIIB liquids which are not within the diked area or the drainage path of Class I or II liquids do not require emergency relief venting.
2. Emergency vents on protected above-ground tanks complying with UL 2085 containing Class II or IIIA liquids are allowed to discharge inside the building.
TRANSFERRING FUEL OTHER THAN
CLASS IIIB COMBUSTIBLE LIQUID TO
THIS TANK CONNECTION IS A VIOLATION
OF THE FIRE CODE AND IS STRICTLY
PROHIBITED
Exception: Outside above-ground tanks with a capacity of 1,320 gallons (5000 L) or less.
1. Used for the storage of Class I or II liquids.
2. Used for the storage of crude oil.
3. Used for in-process products and is located within 100 feet (30 480 mm) of a fired still, heater, related fractioning or processing apparatus or similar device at a processing plant or petroleum refinery as herein defined.
4. Considered by the fire code official as posing an unusual exposure hazard because of topographical conditions; nature of occupancy, proximity on the same or adjoining property, and height and character of liquids to be stored; degree of private fire protection to be provided; and facilities of the fire department to cope with flammable liquid fires.
Exception: Storage of foam-producing materials off the premises is allowed as follows:
1. Such materials stored off the premises shall be of the proper type suitable for use with the equipment at the installation where required.
2. Such materials shall be readily available at the storage location at all times.
3. Adequate loading and transportation facilities shall be provided.
4. The time required to deliver such materials to the required location in the event of fire shall be consistent with the hazards and fire scenarios for which the foam supply is intended.
5. At the time of a fire, these off-premises supplies shall be accumulated in sufficient quantities before placing the equipment in operation to ensure foam production at an adequate rate without interruption until extinguishment is accomplished.
1. Structural supports tested as part of a protected above-ground tank in accordance with UL 2085.
2. Stationary tanks located outside of buildings when protected by an approved water-spray system designed in accordance with Chapter 9 and NFPA 15.
3. Stationary tanks located inside of buildings equipped throughout with an approved automatic sprinkler system designed in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1.
Exceptions:
1. Vertical tanks having a weak roof-to-shell seam and storing Class IIIA liquids are allowed to be located at one-half the distances specified in Table 22.4.1.1(a) of NFPA 30, provided the tanks are not within a diked area or drainage path for a tank storing Class I or II liquids.
2. Liquids with boilover characteristics and unstable liquids in accordance with Sections 5704.2.9.6.1.3 and 5704.2.9.6.1.4.
3. For protected above-ground tanks in accordance with Section 5704.2.9.7 and tanks in at-grade or above-grade vaults in accordance with Section 5704.2.8, the distances in Table 22.4.1.1(b) of NFPA 30 shall apply and shall be reduced by one-half, but not to less than 5 feet (1524 mm).
Exception: Liquids with boilover characteristics and unstable liquids in accordance with Sections 5704.2.9.6.1.4 and 5704.2.9.6.1.5.
1. Liquefied petroleum gas containers of 125 gallons (473 L) or less in capacity installed adjacent to fuel-oil supply tanks of 660 gallons (2498 L) or less in capacity.
2. Horizontal separation is not required between above-ground LP-gas containers and underground flammable and combustible liquid tanks.
1. The system shall:
1.1. Provide an independent means of notifying the person filling the tank that the fluid level has reached 90 percent of tank capacity by providing an audible or visual alarm signal, providing a tank level gauge marked at 90 percent of tank capacity, or other approved means; and
1.2. Automatically shut off the flow of fuel to the tank when the quantity of liquid in the tank reaches 95 percent of tank capacity. For rigid hose fuel-delivery systems, an approved means shall be provided to empty the fill hose into the tank after the automatic shutoff device is activated.
2. The system shall reduce the flow rate to not more than 15 gallons per minute (0.95 L/s) so that at the reduced flow rate, the tank will not overfill for 30 minutes, and automatically shut off flow into the tank so that none of the fittings on the top of the tank are exposed to product because of overfilling.
Exception: Where climatic conditions are such that the sign may be obscured by ice or snow, or weathered beyond readability or otherwise impaired, said procedures and chart shall be located in the office window, lock box or other area accessible to the person filling the tank.
1. The fire code official is authorized to alter or waive these requirements based on a technical report which demonstrates that such tank or group of tanks does not constitute a hazard to other tanks, waterways or adjoining property, after consideration of special features such as topographical conditions, nature of occupancy and proximity to buildings on the same or adjacent property, capacity, and construction of proposed tanks and character of liquids to be stored, and nature and quantity of private and public fire protection provided.
2. Drainage control and diking is not required for listed secondary containment tanks.
1. Pumps, manifolds and piping integral to the tanks or equipment being served which is protected by intermediate diking, berms, drainage or fire protection such as water spray, monitors or resistive coating.
2. Fire protection equipment or controls which are appurtenances to the tanks or equipment being protected, such as foam chambers or foam piping and water or foam monitors and hydrants, or hand and wheeled extinguishers.
1. Tanks shall be located with respect to existing foundations and supports such that the loads carried by the latter cannot be transmitted to the tank.
2. The distance from any part of a tank storing liquids to the nearest wall of a basement, pit, cellar or lot line shall not be less than 3 feet (914 mm).
3. A minimum distance of 1 foot (305 mm), shell to shell, shall be maintained between underground tanks.
Underground tanks shall be covered with not less than 24 inches (600 mm) of earth, or not less than 12 inches (300 mm) of earth on top of which shall be placed a slab of reinforced concrete not less than 4 inches (100 mm) thick. Where the tanks are subjected to traffic, they shall be protected against damage from vehicles passing over them by at least 36 inches (900 mm) of earth cover, or 18 inches (450 mm) of well-tamped earth plus either 6 inches (150 mm) of reinforced concrete or 8 inches (200 mm) of asphaltic concrete. When asphaltic or reinforced concrete paving is used as part of the protection, it shall extend at least 12 inches (300 mm) horizontally beyond the outline of the tank in all directions.
1. Flammable or combustible liquids shall be removed from the tank.
2. All piping, including fill line, gauge opening, vapor return and pump connection, shall be capped or plugged and secured from tampering.
3. Vent lines shall remain open and be maintained in accordance with Sections 5704.2.7.3 and 5704.2.7.4.
1. Flammable and combustible liquids shall be removed from the tank and connected piping.
2. The suction, inlet, gauge, vapor return and vapor lines shall be disconnected.
3. The tank shall be filled completely with an approved inert solid material.
4. Remaining underground piping shall be capped or plugged.
5. A record of tank size, location and date of abandonment shall be retained.
6. All exterior above-grade fill piping shall be permanently removed when tanks are abandoned or removed.
1. Tanks and containers connected to oil burners that are not in use during the warm season of the year or are used as a backup heating system to gas.
2. In-place, active fire protection (foam) system lines.
1. Flammable and combustible liquids shall be removed from the tank and connected piping.
2. Piping at tank openings that is not to be used further shall be disconnected.
3. Piping shall be removed from the ground.
4. Tank openings shall be capped or plugged, leaving a 1/8-inch to 1/4-inch-diameter (3.2 mm to 6.4 mm) opening for pressure equalization.
5. Tanks shall be purged of vapor and inerted prior to removal.
6. All exterior above-grade fill and vent piping shall be permanently removed.
1. Unlisted metal cabinets shall be constructed of steel having a thickness of not less than 0.044 inch (1.12 mm) (18 gage). The cabinet, including the door, shall be double walled with 11/2-inch (38 mm) airspace between the walls. Joints shall be riveted or welded and shall be tight fitting.
2. Unlisted wooden cabinets, including doors, shall be constructed of not less than 1-inch (25 mm) exterior grade plywood. Joints shall be rabbeted and shall be fastened in two directions with wood screws. Door hinges shall be of steel or brass. Cabinets shall be painted with an intumescent-type paint.
1. Liquids in the fuel tanks of motor vehicles, aircraft, boats or portable or stationary engines.
2. The storage of distilled spirits and wines in wooden barrels or casks.
TABLE 5704.3.4.1
MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE QUANTITY PER CONTROL AREA OF
FLAMMABLE AND COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS IN WHOLESALE AND RETAIL SALES OCCUPANCIESa
| TYPE OF LIQUID | MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE QUANTITY PER CONTROL AREA (gallons) | ||
| Sprinkleredb in accordance with footnote densities and arrangements | Sprinklered in accordance with Tables 5704.3.6.3(4) through 5704.3.6.3(8) and Table 5704.3.7.5.1 | Nonsprinklered | |
| Class IA | 60 | 60 | 30 |
| Class IB, IC, II and IIIA | 7,500c | 15,000c | 1,600 |
| Class IIIB | Unlimited | Unlimited | 13,200 |
| For SI: 1 foot = 304.8 mm, 1 square foot = 0.0929 m2, 1 gallon = 3.785 L, 1 gallon per minute per square foot = 40.75 L/min/m2. |
| a. Control areas shall be separated from each other by not less than a 1-hour fire barrier. |
| b. To be considered as sprinklered, a building shall be equipped throughout with an approved automatic sprinkler system with a design providing minimum densities as follows: |
| 1. For uncartoned commodities on shelves 6 feet or less in height where the ceiling height does not exceed 18 feet, quantities are those allowed with a minimum sprinkler design density of Ordinary Hazard Group 2. |
| 2. For cartoned, palletized or racked commodities where storage is 4 feet 6 inches or less in height and where the ceiling height does not exceed 18 feet, quantities are those allowed with a minimum sprinkler design density of 0.21 gallon per minute per square foot over the most remote 1,500-square-foot area. |
| c. Where wholesale and retail sales or storage areas exceed 50,000 square feet in area, the maximum allowable quantities are allowed to be increased by 2 percent for each 1,000 square feet of area in excess of 50,000 square feet, up to a maximum of 100 percent of the table amounts. A control area separation is not required. The cumulative amounts, including amounts attained by having an additional control area, shall not exceed 30,000 gallons. |
1. Group A occupancies: Quantities in Group A occupancies shall not exceed that necessary for demonstration, treatment, laboratory work, maintenance purposes and operation of equipment, and shall not exceed quantities set forth in Table 5003.1.1(1).
2. Group B occupancies: Quantities in drinking, dining, office and school uses within Group B occupancies shall not exceed that necessary for demonstration, treatment, laboratory work, maintenance purposes and operation of equipment, and shall not exceed quantities set forth in Table 5003.1.1(1).
3. Group E occupancies: Quantities in Group E occupancies shall not exceed that necessary for demonstration, treatment, laboratory work, maintenance purposes and operation of equipment, and shall not exceed quantities set forth in Table 5003.1.1(1).
4. Group F occupancies: Quantities in dining, office, and school uses within Group F occupancies shall not exceed that necessary for demonstration, laboratory work, maintenance purposes and operation of equipment, and shall not exceed quantities set forth in Table 5003.1.1(1).
5. Group I occupancies: Quantities in Group I occupancies shall not exceed that necessary for demonstration, laboratory work, maintenance purposes and operation of equipment, and shall not exceed quantities set forth in Table 5003.1.1(1).
6. Group M occupancies: Quantities in dining, office, and school uses within Group M occupancies shall not exceed that necessary for demonstration, laboratory work, maintenance purposes and operation of equipment, and shall not exceed quantities set forth in Table 5003.1.1(1). The maximum allowable quantities for storage in wholesale and retail sales areas shall be in accordance with Section 5704.3.4.1.
7. Group R occupancies: Quantities in Group R occupancies shall not exceed that necessary for maintenance purposes and operation of equipment, and shall not exceed quantities set forth in Table 5003.1.1(1).
8. Group S occupancies: Quantities in dining and office uses within Group S occupancies shall not exceed that necessary for demonstration, laboratory work, maintenance purposes and operation of equipment, and shall not exceed quantities set forth in Table 5003.1.1(1).
1. Storage on shelves shall not exceed 6 feet (1829 mm) in height, and shelving shall be metal.
2. Storage on pallets or in piles greater than 4 feet 6 inches (1372 mm) in height, or where the ceiling exceeds 18 feet (5486 mm) in height, shall be protected in accordance with Table 5704.3.6.3(4), and the storage heights and arrangements shall be limited to those specified in Table 5704.3.6.3(2).
3. Storage on racks greater than 4 feet 6 inches (1372 mm) in height, or where the ceiling exceeds 18 feet (5486 mm) in height shall be protected in accordance with Tables 5704.3.6.3(5), 5704.3.6.3(6), and 5704.3.6.3(7) as appropriate, and the storage heights and arrangements shall be limited to those specified in Table 5704.3.6.3(3).
TABLE 5704.3.6.3(1)
MAXIMUM STORAGE HEIGHT IN CONTROL AREA
| TYPE OF LIQUID | NONSPRINKLERED AREA (feet) | SPRINKLERED AREAa (feet) | SPRINKLERED WITH IN-RACK PROTECTIONa, b (feet) |
| Flammable liquids: | |||
| Class IA | 4 | 4 | 4 |
| Class IB | 4 | 8 | 12 |
| Class IC | 4 | 8 | 12 |
| Combustible liquids: | |||
| Class II | 6 | 8 | 12 |
| Class IIIA | 8 | 12 | 16 |
| Class IIIB | 8 | 12 | 20 |
| For SI: 1 foot = 304.8 mm. |
| a In buildings protected by an automatic sprinkler system, the storage height for containers and portable tanks shall not exceed the maximum storage height permitted for the fire protection scheme set forth in NFPA 30 or the maximum storage height demonstrated in a full-scale fire test, whichever is greater. NFPA 30 criteria and fire test results for metallic containers and portable tanks shall not be applied to nonmetallic containers and portable tanks. |
| b. In-rack protection shall be in accordance with Table 5704.3.6.3(5), 5704.3.6.3(6) or 5704.3.6.3(7). |
TABLE 5704.3.6.3(2)
STORAGE ARRANGEMENTS FOR PALLETIZED OR SOLID-PILE STORAGE IN LIQUID STORAGE ROOMS AND WAREHOUSES
| CLASS | STORAGE LEVEL | MAXIMUM STORAGE HEIGHT | MAXIMUM QUANTITY PER PILE (gallons) | MAXIMUM QUANTITY PER ROOMa (gallons) | ||||
| Drums | Containersb (feet) | Portable tanksb (feet) | Containers | Portable tanks | Containers | Portable tanks | ||
| IA | Ground floor | 1 | 5 | Not Allowed | 3,000 | Not Allowed | 12,000 | Not Allowed |
| Upper floors | 1 | 5 | Not Allowed | 2,000 | Not Allowed | 8,000 | Not Allowed | |
| Basements | 0 | Not Allowed | Not Allowed | Not Allowed | Not Allowed | Not Allowed | Not Allowed | |
| IB | Ground floor | 1 | 6.5 | 7 | 5,000 | 20,000 | 15,000 | 40,000 |
| Upper floors | 1 | 6.5 | 7 | 3,000 | 10,000 | 12,000 | 20,000 | |
| Basements | 0 | Not Allowed | Not Allowed | Not Allowed | Not Allowed | Not Allowed | Not Allowed | |
| IC | Ground floord | 1 | 6.5c | 7 | 5,000 | 20,000 | 15,000 | 40,000 |
| Upper floors | 1 | 6.5c | 7 | 3,000 | 10,000 | 12,000 | 20,000 | |
| Basements | 0 | Not Allowed | Not Allowed | Not Allowed | Not Allowed | Not Allowed | Not Allowed | |
| II | Ground floord | 3 | 10 | 14 | 10,000 | 40,000 | 25,000 | 80,000 |
| Upper floors | 3 | 10 | 14 | 10,000 | 40,000 | 25,000 | 80,000 | |
| Basements | 1 | 5 | 7 | 7,500 | 20,000 | 7,500 | 20,000 | |
| III | Ground floor | 5 | 20 | 14 | 15,000 | 60,000 | 50,000 | 100,000 |
| Upper floors | 5 | 20 | 14 | 15,000 | 60,000 | 50,000 | 100,000 | |
| Basements | 3 | 10 | 7 | 10,000 | 20,000 | 25,000 | 40,000 | |
| For SI: 1 foot = 304.8 mm, 1 gallon = 3.785 L. |
| a. See Section 5704.3.8.1 for unlimited quantities in liquid storage warehouses. |
| b. In buildings protected by an automatic sprinkler system, the storage height for containers and portable tanks shall not exceed the maximum storage height permitted for the fire protection scheme set forth in NFPA 30 or the maximum storage height demonstrated in a full-scale fire test, whichever is greater. NFPA 30 criteria and fire test results for metallic containers and portable tanks shall not be applied to nonmetallic containers and portable tanks. |
| c. These height limitations are allowed to be increased to 10 feet for containers having a capacity of 5 gallons or less. |
| d. For palletized storage of unsaturated polyester resins (UPR) in relieving-style metal containers with 50 percent or less by weight Class IC or II liquid and no Class IA or IB liquid, height and pile quantity limits shall be permitted to be 10 feet and 15,000 gallons, respectively, provided that such storage is protected by sprinklers in accordance with NFPA 30 and that the UPR storage area is not located in the same containment area or drainage path for other Class I or II liquids. |
TABLE 5704.3.6.3(3)
STORAGE ARRANGEMENTS FOR RACK STORAGE IN LIQUID STORAGE ROOMS AND WAREHOUSES
| CLASS | TYPE RACK | STORAGE LEVEL | MAXIMUM STORAGE HEIGHTb (feet) | MAXIMUM QUANTITY PER ROOMa (gallons) |
| Containers | Containers | |||
| IA | Double row or Single row | Ground floor | 25 | 7,500 |
| Upper floors | 15 | 4,500 | ||
| Basements | Not Allowed | Not Allowed | ||
| IB IC | Double row or Single row | Ground floor | 25 | 15,000 |
| Upper floors | 15 | 9,000 | ||
| Basements | Not Allowed | Not Allowed | ||
| II | Double row or Single row | Ground floor | 25 | 24,000 |
| Upper floors | 25 | 24,000 | ||
| Basements | 15 | 9,000 | ||
| III | Multirow | Ground floor | 40 | 48,000 |
| Double row | Upper floors | 20 | 48,000 | |
| Single row | Basements | 20 | 24,000 |
| For SI: 1 foot = 304.8 mm, 1 gallon = 3.785 L. |
| a. See Section 5704.3.8.1 for unlimited quantities in liquid storage warehouses. |
| b. In buildings protected by an automatic sprinkler system, the storage height for containers and portable tanks shall not exceed the maximum storage height permitted for the fire protection scheme set forth in NFPA 30 or the maximum storage height demonstrated in a full-scale fire test, whichever is greater. NFPA 30 criteria and fire test results for metallic containers and portable tanks shall not be applied to nonmetallic containers and portable tanks. |
TABLE 5704.3.6.3(4)
AUTOMATIC SPRINKLER PROTECTION FOR SOLID-PILE AND PALLETIZED STORAGE OF LIQUIDS IN METAL CONTAINERS AND PORTABLE TANKSa
| STORAGE CONDITIONS | CEILING SPRINKLER DESIGN AND DEMAND | MINIMUM HOSE STREAM DEMAND (gpm) | MINIMUM DURATION SPRINKLERS AND HOSE STREAMS (hours) | ||||
| Class liquid | Container size and arrangement | Density (gpm/ft2) | Area (square feet) | Maximum spacing (square feet) | |||
| High temperature sprinklers | Ordinary temperature sprinklers | ||||||
| IA | 5 gallons or less, with or without cartons, palletized or solid pileb | 0.30 | 3,000 | 5,000 | 100 | 750 | 2 |
| Containers greater than 5 gallons, on end or side, palletized or solid pile | 0.60 | 5,000 | 8,000 | 80 | 750 | ||
| IB, IC and II | 5 gallons or less, with or without cartons, palletized or solid pileb | 0.30 | 3,000 | 5,000 | 100 | 500 | 2 |
| Containers greater than 5 gallons on pallets or solid pile, one high | 0.25 | 5,000 | 8,000 | 100 | |||
| II | Containers greater than 5 gallons on pallets or solid pile, more than one high, on end or side | 0.60 | 5,000 | 8,000 | 80 | 750 | 2 |
| IB, IC and II | Portable tanks, one high | 0.30 | 3,000 | 5,000 | 100 | 500 | 2 |
| II | Portable tanks, two high | 0.60 | 5,000 | 8,000 | 80 | 750 | 2 |
| III | 5 gallons or less, with or without cartons, palletized or solid pile | 0.25 | 3,000 | 5,000 | 120 | 500 | 1 |
| Containers greater than 5 gallons on pallets or solid pile, on end or sides, up to three high | 0.25 | 3,000 | 5,000 | 120 | 500 | 1 | |
| Containers greater than 5 gallons, on pallets or solid pile, on end or sides, up to 18 feet high | 0.35 | 3,000 | 5,000 | 100 | 750 | 2 | |
| Portable tanks, one high | 0.25 | 3,000 | 5,000 | 120 | 500 | 1 | |
| Portable tanks, two high | 0.50 | 3,000 | 5,000 | 80 | 750 | 2 | |
| For SI: 1 foot = 304.8 mm, 1 gallon = 3.785 L, 1 square foot = 0.0929 m2, 1 gallon per minute = 3.785 L/m, 1 gallon per minute per square foot = 40.75 L/min/m2. |
| a. The design area contemplates the use of Class II standpipe systems. Where Class I standpipe systems are used, the area of application shall be increased by 30 percent without revising density. |
| b. For storage heights above 4 feet or ceiling heights greater than 18 feet, an approved engineering design shall be provided in accordance with Section 104.7.2. |
TABLE 5704.3.6.3(5)
AUTOMATIC SPRINKLER PROTECTION REQUIREMENTS FOR RACK STORAGE OF LIQUIDS IN METAL CONTAINERS OF 5-GALLON CAPACITY OR LESS WITH OR WITHOUT CARTONS ON CONVENTIONAL WOOD PALLETSa
| CLASS LIQUID | CEILING SPRINKLER DESIGN AND DEMAND | IN-RACK SPRINKLER ARRANGEMENT AND DEMAND | MINIMUM HOSE STREAM DEMAND (gpm) | MINIMUM DURATION SPRINKLER AND HOSE STREAM (hours) | ||||||
| Density (gpm/ft2) | Area (square feet) | Maximum spacing | Racks up to 9 feet deep | Racks more than 9 feet to 12 feet deep | 30 psi (standard orifice) | Number of sprinklers operating | ||||
| High- temperature sprinklers | Ordinary temperature sprinklers | 14 psi (large orifice) | ||||||||
| I (maximum 25-foot height) Option 1 | 0.40 | 3,000 | 5,000 | 80 ft2/head | 1. Ordinary temperature, quick- response sprinklers, maxi- mum 8 feet 3 inches horizontal spacing | 1. Ordinary temperature, quick- response sprinklers, maximum 8 feet 3 inches horizontal spacing | 30 psi (0.5- inch orifice) | 1. Eight sprinklers if only one level | 750 | 2 |
| 2. One line sprinklers above each level of storage | 2. One line sprinklers above each level of storage | 2. Six sprinklers each on two levels if only two levels | ||||||||
| 3. Locate in longitudinal flue space, staggered vertical | 3. Locate in transverse flue spaces, staggered vertical and within 20 inches of aisle | 3. Six sprinklers each on top three levels, if three or more levels | ||||||||
| 4. Shields required where multilevel | 4. Shields required where multilevel | 4. Hydraulically most remote | ||||||||
| I (maximum 25-foot height) Option 2 | 0.55 | 2,000b | Not Applicable | 100 ft2/ head | 1. Ordinary temperature, quick-response sprinklers, maximum 8 feet 3 inches horizontal spacing | 1. Ordinary temperature, quick-response sprinklers, maximum 8 feet 3 inches horizontal spacing | 14 psi (0.53-inch orifice) | See 1 through 4 above | 500 | 2 |
| 2. See 2 above | 2. See 2 above | |||||||||
| 3. See 3 above | 3. See 3 above | |||||||||
| 4. See 4 above | 4. See 4 above | |||||||||
| I and II (maximum 14-foot storage height) (maximum three tiers) | 0.55c | 2,000d | Not Applicable | 100 ft2/head | Not Applicable None for maximum 6-foot-deep racks | Not Applicable | Not Applicable | Not Applicable | 500 | 2 |
| II (maximum 25-foot height) | 0.30 | 3,000 | 5,000 | 100 ft2/head | 1. Ordinary temperature sprinklers 8 feet apart horizontally | 1. Ordinary temperature sprinklers 8 feet apart horizontally | 30 psi | Hydraulically most remote— six sprinklers at each level, up to a maximum of three levels | 750 | 2 |
| 2. One line sprinklers between levels at nearest 10-foot vertical intervals | 2. Two lines between levels at nearest 10-foot vertical intervals | |||||||||
| 3. Locate in longitudinal flue space, staggered vertical | 3. Locate in transverse flue spaces, staggered vertical and within 20 inches of aisle | |||||||||
| 4. Shields required where multilevel | 4. Shields required where multilevel | |||||||||
| III (40-foot height) | 0.25 | 3,000 | 5,000 | 120 ft2/ head | Same as for Class II liquids | Same as for Class II liquids | 30 psi | Same as for Class II liquids | 500 | 2 |
| For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 foot = 304.8 mm, 1 square foot = 0.0929 m2, 1 pound per square inch = 6.895 kPa, 1 gallon = 3.785 L, 1 gallon per minute = 3.785 L/m, 1 gallon per minute per square foot = 40.75 L/min/m2. |
| a. The design area contemplates the use of Class II standpipe systems. Where Class I standpipe systems are used, the area of application shall be increased by 30 percent without revising density. |
| b. Using listed or approved extra-large orifices, high-temperature quick-response or standard element sprinklers under a maximum 30-foot ceiling with minimum 7.5-foot aisles. |
| c. For friction lid cans and other metal containers equipped with plastic nozzles or caps, the density shall be increased to 0.65 gpm per square foot using listed or approved extra-large orifice, high-temperature quick-response sprinklers. |
| d. Using listed or approved extra-large orifice, high-temperature quick-response or standard element sprinklers under a maximum 18-foot ceiling with minimum 7.5-foot aisles and metal containers. |
TABLE 5704.3.6.3(6)
AUTOMATIC SPRINKLER PROTECTION REQUIREMENTS OR RACK STORAGE OF LIQUIDS IN METAL CONTAINERS GREATER THAN 5-GALLON CAPACITYa
| CLASS LIQUID | CEILING SPRINKLER DESIGN AND DEMAND | IN-RACK SPRINKLER ARRANGEMENT AND DEMAND | MINIMUM HOSE STREAM DEMAND (gpm) | MINIMUM DURATION SPRINKLER AND HOSE STREAM (hours) | ||||||
| Density (gpm/ ft2) | Area (square feet) | Maximum spacing | On-side storage racks up to 9-foot-deep racks | On-end storage (on pallets) up to 9-foot-deep racks | Minimum nozzle pressure | Number of sprinklers operating | ||||
| High- temperature sprinklers | Ordinary temperature sprinklers | |||||||||
| IA (maximum 25-foot height) | 0.60 | 3,000 | 5,000 | 80 ft2/head | 1. Ordinary temperature sprinklers 8 feet apart horizontally | 1. Ordinary temperature sprinklers 8 feet apart horizontally | 30 psi | Hydraulically most remote— six sprinklers at each level | 1,000 | 2 |
| 2. One line sprinklers above each tier of storage | 2. One line sprinklers above each tier of storage | |||||||||
| 3. Locate in longitudinal flue space, staggered vertical | 3. Locate in longitudinal flue space, staggered vertical | |||||||||
| 4. Shields required where multilevel | 4. Shields required where multilevel | |||||||||
| IB, IC and II (maximum 25-foot height) | 0.60 | 3,000 | 5,000 | 100 ft2/head | 1. See 1 above | 1. See 1 above | 30 psi | Hydraulically most remote— six sprinklers at each level | 750 | 2 |
| 2. One line sprinklers every three tiers of storage | 2. See 2 above | |||||||||
| 3. See 3 above | 3. See 3 above | |||||||||
| 4. See 4 above | 4. See 4 above | |||||||||
| III (maximum 40-foot height) | 0.25 | 3,000 | 5,000 | 120 ft2/head | 1. See 1 above | 1. See 1 above | 15 psi | Hydraulically most remote— six sprinklers at each level | 500 | 1 |
| 2. One line sprinklers every sixth level (maximum) | 2. One line sprinklers every third level (maximum) | |||||||||
| 3. See 3 above | 3. See 3 above | |||||||||
| 4. See 4 above | 4. See 4 above | |||||||||
| For SI: 1 foot = 304.8 mm, 1 square foot = 0.0929 m2 , 1 pound per square inch = 6.895 kPa, 1 gallon = 3.785 L, 1 gallon per minute = 3.785 L/m, 1 gallon per minute per square foot = 40.75 L/min/m2. |
| a. The design assumes the use of Class II standpipe systems. Where a Class I standpipe system is used, the area of application shall be increased by 30 percent without revising density. |
TABLE 5704.3.6.3(7)
AUTOMATIC AFFF WATER PROTECTION REQUIREMENTS FOR RACK STORAGE OF LIQUIDS IN METAL CONTAINERS GREATER THAN 5-GALLON CAPACITYa,b
| CLASS LIQUID | CEILING SPRINKLER DESIGN AND DEMAND | IN-RACK SPRINKLER ARRANGEMENT AND DEMANDc | DURATION AFFF SUPPLY (minimum) | DURATION WATER SUPPLY (hours) | |||||
| Density (gpm/ft2) | Area (square feet) | On-end storage of drums on pallets, up to 25 feet | Minimum nozzle pressure (psi) | Number of sprinklers operating | Hose stream demandd (gpm) | ||||
| High- temperature sprinklers | Ordinary temperature sprinklers | ||||||||
| IA, IB, IC and II | 0.30 | 1,500 | 2,500 | 1. Ordinary temperature sprinkler up to 10 feet apart horizontally | 30 | Three sprinklers per level | 500 | 15 | 2 |
| 2. One line sprinklers above each level of storage | |||||||||
| 3. Locate in longitudinal flue space, staggered vertically | |||||||||
| 4. Shields required for multilevel | |||||||||
| For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 foot = 304.8 mm, 1 square foot = 0.0929 m2, 1 pound per square inch = 6.895 kPa, 1 gallon = 3.785 L, 1 gallon per minute = 3.785 L/m, 1 gallon per minute per square foot = 40.75 L/min/m2. |
| a. System shall be a closed-head wet system with approved devices for proportioning aqueous film-forming foam. |
| b. Except as modified herein, in-rack sprinklers shall be installed in accordance with NFPA 13. |
| c. The height of storage shall not exceed 25 feet. |
| d. Hose stream demand includes 11/2-inch inside hand hose, when required. |
TABLE 5704.3.6.3(8)
AUTOMATIC SPRINKLER PROTECTION REQUIREMENTS FOR CLASS I LIQUID STORAGE IN METAL CONTAINERS OF 1-GALLON CAPACITY OR LESS
WITH UNCARTONED OR CASE-CUT SHELF DISPLAY UP TO 6.5 FEET, AND PALLETIZED STORAGE ABOVE IN A DOUBLE-ROW RACK ARRAYa
| STORAGE HEIGHT | CEILING SPRINKLER DESIGN AND DEMAND | IN-RACK SPRINKLER ARRANGEMENT AND DEMAND | MINIMUM HOSE STREAM DEMAND (gpm) | MINIMUM DURATION SPRINKLERS AND HOSE STREAM (hours) | ||||||
| Density (gpm/ft2) | Area (square feet) | Maximum spacing | Racks up to 9 feet deep | Racks 9 to 12 feet | Minimum nozzle pressure | Number of sprinklers operating | ||||
| High temperature | Ordinary temperature | |||||||||
| Maximum 20-foot storage height | 0.60 | 2,000b | Not Applicable | 100 ft2/head | 1. Ordinary temperature, quick-response sprinklers, maximum 8 feet 3 inches horizontal spacing | Not Applicable | 30 psi (standard orifice) or 14 psi (large orifice) | 1. Six sprinklers each on two levels | 500 | 2 |
| 2. One line of sprinklers at the 6-foot level and the 11.5-foot level of storage | ||||||||||
| 3. Locate in longitudinal flue space, staggered vertical | 2. Hydraulically most remote 12 sprinklers | |||||||||
| 4. Shields required where multilevel | ||||||||||
| For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 foot = 304.8 mm, 1 square foot = 0.0929 m2, 1 pound per square inch = 6.895 kPa, 1 gallon = 3.785 L, 1 gallon per minute = 3.785 L/m, 1 gallon per minute per square foot = 40.75 L/min/m2. |
| a. This table shall not apply to racks with solid shelves. |
| b. Using extra-large orifice sprinklers under a ceiling 30 feet or less in height. Minimum aisle width is 7.5 feet. |
1. The quantity in that pile or rack shall not exceed the smallest of the maximum quantities for the classes of liquids stored in accordance with Table 5704.3.6.3(2) or 5704.3.6.3(3); and
2. The height of storage in that pile or rack shall not exceed the smallest of the maximum heights for the classes of liquids stored in accordance with Table 5704.3.6.3(2) or 5704.3.6.3(3).
TABLE 5704.3.7.5.1
AUTOMATIC AFFF-WATER PROTECTION REQUIREMENTS FOR SOLID-PILE AND
PALLETIZED STORAGE OF LIQUIDS IN METAL CONTAINERS OF 5-GALLON CAPACITY OR LESSa, b
| PACKAGE TYPE | CLASS LIQUID | CEILING SPRINKLER DESIGN AND DEMAND | STORAGE HEIGHT (feet) | HOSE DEMAND (gpm)c | DURATION AFFF SUPPLY (minimum) | DURATION WATER SUPPLY (hours) | ||||
| Density (gpm/ft2) | Area (square feet) | Temperature rating | Maximum spacing | Orifice size (inch) | ||||||
| Cartoned | IB, IC, II and III | 0.40 | 2,000 | 286°F | 100 ft2/head | 0.531 | 11 | 500 | 15 | 2 |
| Uncartoned | IB, IC, II and III | 0.30 | 2,000 | 286°F | 100 ft2/head | 0.5 or 0.531 | 12 | 500 | 15 | 2 |
| For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 foot = 304.8 mm, 1 square foot = 0.0929 m2, 1 gallon per minute = 3.785 L/m, 1 gallon per minute per square foot = 40.75 L/min/m2, °C. = [(°F)-32]/1.8. |
| a. System shall be a closed-head wet system with approved devices for proportioning aqueous film-forming foam. |
| b. Maximum ceiling height of 30 feet. |
| c. Hose stream demand includes 11/2-inch inside hand hose, when required. |
TABLE 5704.4.2
OUTDOOR LIQUID STORAGE IN CONTAINERS AND PORTABLE TANKS
| CLASS OF LIQUID | CONTAINER STORAGE— MAXIMUM PER PILE | PORTABLE TANK STORAGE— MAXIMUM PER PILE | MINIMUM DISTANCE BETWEEN PILES OR RACKS (feet) | MINIMUM DISTANCE TO LOT LINE OF PROPERTY THAT CAN BE BUILT UPONc, d (feet) | MINIMUM DISTANCE TO PUBLIC STREET, PUBLIC ALLEY OR PUBLIC WAYd (feet) | ||
| Quantitya, b (gallons) | Height (feet) | Quantitya, b (gallons) | Height (feet) | ||||
| IA | 1,100 | 10 | 2,200 | 7 | 5 | 50 | 10 |
| IB | 2,200 | 12 | 4,400 | 14 | 5 | 50 | 10 |
| IC | 4,400 | 12 | 8,800 | 14 | 5 | 50 | 10 |
| II | 8,800 | 12 | 17,600 | 14 | 5 | 25 | 5 |
| III | 22,000 | 18 | 44,000 | 14 | 5 | 10 | 5 |
| For SI: 1 foot = 304.8 mm, 1 gallon = 3.785 L. |
| a. For mixed class storage, see Section 5704.4.2. |
| b. For storage in racks, the quantity limits per pile do not apply, but the rack arrangement shall be limited to a maximum of 50 feet in length and two rows or 9 feet in depth. |
| c. If protection by a public fire department or private fire brigade capable of providing cooling water streams is not available, the distance shall be doubled. |
| d. When the total quantity stored does not exceed 50 percent of the maximum allowed per pile, the distances are allowed to be reduced 50 percent, but not less than 3 feet. |
1. The building does not exceed one story in height. Such building shall be of fire-resistance-rated construction with noncombustible exterior surfaces or noncombustible construction and shall be used principally for the storage of liquids; or
2. The exterior building wall adjacent to the storage area shall have a fire-resistance rating of not less than 2 hours, having no openings to above-grade areas within 10 feet (3048 mm) horizontally of such storage and no openings to below-grade areas within 50 feet (15 240 mm) horizontally of such storage.
1. From safety cans complying with UL 30.
2. Through an approved closed piping system.
3. From containers or tanks by an approved pump taking suction through an opening in the top of the container or tank.
4. For Class IB, IC, II and III liquids, from containers or tanks by gravity through an approved self-closing or automatic-closing valve when the container or tank and dispensing operations are provided with spill control and secondary containment in accordance with Section 5703.4. Class IA liquids shall not be dispensed by gravity from tanks.
5. Approved engineered liquid transfer systems.
1. Metallic floor plates on which containers stand while filling, when such floor plates are electrically connected to the fill stem; or
2. Where the fill stem is bonded to the container during filling by means of a bond wire.
TABLE 5705.3.4(1)
SEPARATION OF PROCESSING VESSELS FROM LOT LINES
| PROCESSING VESSELS WITH EMERGENCY RELIEF VENTING | LOCATIONa | |
| Stable liquids | Unstable liquids | |
| Not in excess of 2.5 psig | Table 5705.3.4(2) | 2.5 times Table 5705.3.4(2) |
| Over 2.5 psig | 1.5 times Table 5705.3.4(2) | 4 times Table 5705.3.4(2) |
| For SI: 1 pound per square inch gauge = 6.895 kPa. |
| a. Where protection of exposures by a public fire department or private fire brigade capable of providing cooling water streams on structures is not provided, distances shall be doubled. |
TABLE 5705.3.4(2)
REFERENCE TABLE FOR USE WITH TABLE 5705.3.4(1)
| TANK CAPACITY (gallons) | MINIMUM DISTANCE FROM LOT LINE OF A LOT WHICH IS OR CAN BE BUILT UPON, INCLUDING THE OPPOSITE SIDE OF A PUBLIC WAY (feet) | MINIMUM DISTANCE FROM NEAREST SIDE OF ANY PUBLIC WAY OR FROM NEAREST IMPORTANT BUILDING ON THE SAME PROPERTY (feet) |
| 275 or less | 5 | 5 |
| 276 to 750 | 10 | 5 |
| 751 to 12,000 | 15 | 5 |
| 12,001 to 30,000 | 20 | 5 |
| 30,001 to 50,000 | 30 | 10 |
| 50,001 to 100,000 | 50 | 15 |
| 100,001 to 500,000 | 80 | 25 |
| 500,001 to 1,000,000 | 100 | 35 |
| 1,000,001 to 2,000,000 | 135 | 45 |
| 2,000,001 to 3,000,000 | 165 | 55 |
| 3,000,001 or more | 175 | 60 |
| For SI: 1 foot = 304.8 mm, 1 gallon = 3.785 L. |
1. Group A occupancies: Quantities in Group A occupancies shall not exceed that necessary for demonstration, treatment, laboratory work, maintenance purposes and operation of equipment, and shall not exceed quantities set forth in Table 5003.1.1(1).
2. Group B occupancies: Quantities in drinking, dining, office and school uses within Group B occupancies shall not exceed that necessary for demonstration, treatment, laboratory work, maintenance purposes and operation of equipment, and shall not exceed quantities set forth in Table 5003.1.1(1).
3. Group E occupancies: Quantities in Group E occupancies shall not exceed that necessary for demonstration, treatment, laboratory work, maintenance purposes and operation of equipment and shall not exceed quantities set forth in Table 5003.1.1(1).
4. Group F occupancies: Quantities in dining, office and school uses within Group F occupancies shall not exceed that necessary for demonstration, laboratory work, maintenance purposes and operation of equipment, and shall not exceed quantities set forth in Table 5003.1.1(1).
5. Group I occupancies: Quantities in Group I occupancies shall not exceed that necessary for demonstration, laboratory work, maintenance purposes and operation of equipment, and shall not exceed quantities set forth in Table 5003.1.1(1).
6. Group M occupancies: Quantities in dining, office and school uses within Group M occupancies shall not exceed that necessary for demonstration, laboratory work, maintenance purposes and operation of equipment, and shall not exceed quantities set forth in Table 5003.1.1(1).
7. Group R occupancies: Quantities in Group R occupancies shall not exceed that necessary for maintenance purposes and operation of equipment, and shall not exceed quantities set forth in Table 5003.1.1(1).
8. Group S occupancies: Quantities in dining and office uses within Group S occupancies shall not exceed that necessary for demonstration, laboratory work, maintenance purposes and operation of equipment and shall not exceed quantities set forth in Table 5003.1.1(1).
1. For open systems, indoor use, dispensing and mixing of flammable and combustible liquids shall be within a room or building complying with the International Building Code and Sections 5705.3.7.1 through 5705.3.7.5.
2. For closed systems, indoor use, dispensing and mixing of flammable and combustible liquids shall be within a room or building complying with the International Building Code and Sections 5705.3.7 through 5705.3.7.4 and Section 5705.3.7.6.
1. Dry cleaning shall be in accordance with Chapter 21.
2. Spray-nozzle cleaning shall be in accordance with Section 2403.3.5.
1. In a room or building in accordance with Section 5705.3.7; or
2. In a parts cleaner listed, labeled and approved for the purpose in accordance with Section 5705.3.6.2.
1. Machines without remote solvent reservoirs shall be limited to quantities set forth in Section 5705.3.5.
2. Machines with remote solvent reservoirs using Class I liquids shall be limited to quantities set forth in Section 5705.3.5.
3. Machines with remote solvent reservoirs using Class II liquids shall be limited to 35 gallons (132 L) per machine. The total quantities shall not exceed an aggregate of 240 gallons (908 L) per control area in buildings not equipped throughout with an approved automatic sprinkler system and an aggregate of 480 gallons (1817 L) per control area in buildings equipped throughout with an approved automatic sprinkler system in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1.
4. Machines with remote solvent reservoirs using Class IIIA liquids shall be limited to 80 gallons (303 L) per machine.
Dispensing of liquids into motor vehicle fuel tanks at motor fuel-dispensing facilities shall be in accordance with Chapter 23.
1. The requirements shall not apply to areas where only the following are dispensed: Class III liquids; liquids that are heavier than water; water-miscible liquids; and liquids with viscosities greater than 10,000 centipoise (cp) (10 Pa • s).
2. Flammable and combustible liquid dispensing in refineries, chemical plants, process facilities, gas and crude oil production facilities and oil-blending and packaging facilities, terminals and bulk plants.
TABLE 5705.3.8.2
MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE QUANTITIES FOR
DISPENSING OF FLAMMABLE AND COMBUSTIBLE
LIQUIDS IN OUTDOOR CONTROL AREASa, b
| CLASS OF LIQUID | QUANTITY (gallons) |
| Flammable | |
| Class IA | 10 |
| Class IB | 15 |
| Class IC | 20 |
| Combination Class IA, IB and IC | 30c |
| Combustible | |
| Class II | 30 |
| Class IIIA | 80 |
| Class IIIB | 3,300 |
| For SI: 1 gallon = 3.785 L. |
| a. For definition of “Outdoor Control Area,” see Section 5002.1. |
| b. The fire code official is authorized to impose special conditions regarding locations, types of containers, dispensing units, fire control measures and other factors involving fire safety. |
| c. Containing not more than the maximum allowable quantity per control area of each individual class. |
1. Solvent distillation units used in continuous through-put industrial processes where the source of heat is remotely supplied using steam, hot water, oil or other heat transfer fluids, the temperature of which is below the auto-ignition point of the solvent.
2. Approved research, testing and experimental processes.
1. The maximum capacity of each dispenser shall be 68 ounces (2 L).
2. The minimum separation between dispensers shall be 48 inches (1219 mm).
3. The dispensers shall not be installed directly adjacent to, directly above or below an electrical receptacle, switch, appliance, device or other ignition source. The wall space between the dispenser and the floor shall remain clear and unobstructed.
4. Dispensers shall be mounted so that the bottom of the dispenser is a minimum of 42 inches (1067 mm) and a maximum of 48 inches (1219 mm) above the finished floor.
5. Dispensers shall not release their contents except when the dispenser is manually activated. Facilities shall be permitted to install and use automatically activated “touch free” alcohol-based hand-rub dispensing devices with the following requirements:
5.1. The facility or persons responsible for the dispensers shall test the dispensers each time a new refill is installed in accordance with the manufacturer’s care and use instructions.
5.2. Dispensers shall be designed and must operate in a manner that ensures accidental or malicious activations of the dispensing device are minimized. At a minimum, all devices subject to or used in accordance with this section shall have the following safety features:
5.2.1. Any activations of the dispenser shall only occur when an object is placed within 4 inches (98 mm) of the sensing device.
5.2.2. The dispenser shall not dispense more than the amount required for hand hygiene consistent with label instructions as regulated by the United States Food and Drug Administration (USFDA).
5.2.3. An object placed within the activation zone and left in place will cause only one activation.
6. Storage and use of alcohol-based hand rubs shall be in accordance with the applicable provisions of Sections 5704 and 5705.
7. Dispensers installed in occupancies with carpeted floors shall only be allowed in smoke compartments or fire areas equipped throughout with an approved automatic sprinkler system in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1 or 903.3.1.2.
1. Level 2 and 3 aerosol containers shall not be allowed in corridors.
2. The maximum capacity of each Class I or II liquid dispenser shall be 41 ounces (1.21 L) and the maximum capacity of each Level 1 aerosol dispenser shall be 18 ounces (0.51 kg).
3. The maximum quantity allowed in a corridor within a control area shall be 10 gallons (37.85 L) of Class I or II liquids or 1135 ounces (32.2 kg) of Level 1 aerosols, or a combination of Class I or II liquids and Level 1 aerosols not to exceed, in total, the equivalent of 10 gallons (37.85 L) or 1,135 ounces (32.2 kg) such that the sum of the ratios of the liquid and aerosol quantities divided by the allowable quantity of liquids and aerosols, respectively, shall not exceed one.
4. The minimum corridor width shall be 72 inches (1829 mm).
5. Projections into a corridor shall be in accordance with Section 1003.3.3.
1. Storage and dispensing of flammable and combustible liquids on farms and construction sites.
2. Well drilling and operating.
3. Bulk plants or terminals.
4. Bulk transfer and process transfer operations utilizing tank vehicles and tank cars.
5. Tank vehicles and tank vehicle operation.
6. Refineries.
7. Vapor recovery and vapor-processing systems.
1. On well-constructed metal legs connected to shoes or runners designed so that the tank is stabilized and the entire tank and its supports can be moved as a unit; or
2. For stationary tanks, on a stable base of timbers or blocks approximately 6 inches (152 mm) in height which prevents the tank from contacting the ground.
1. Supports to elevate the tank for gravity discharge shall be designed to carry all required loads and provide stability.
2. Bottom or end openings for gravity discharge shall be equipped with a valve located adjacent to the tank shell which will close automatically in the event of fire through the operation of an effective heat-activated releasing device. Where this valve cannot be operated manually, it shall be supplemented by a second, manually operated valve.
1. The tank vehicle’s specific function is that of supplying fuel to motor vehicle fuel tanks.
2. The dispensing hose does not exceed 100 feet (30 480 mm) in length.
3. The dispensing nozzle is an approved type.
4. The dispensing hose is properly placed on an approved reel or in a compartment provided before the tank vehicle is moved.
5. Signs prohibiting smoking or open flames within 25 feet (7620 mm) of the vehicle or the point of refueling are prominently posted on the tank vehicle.
6. Electrical devices and wiring in areas where fuel dispensing is conducted are in accordance with NFPA 70.
7. Tank vehicle-dispensing equipment is operated only by designated personnel who are trained to handle and dispense motor fuels.
8. Provisions are made for controlling and mitigating unauthorized discharges.
1. Flexibility of piping shall be ensured by appropriate layout and arrangement of piping supports so that motion of the wharf structure resulting from wave action, currents, tides or the mooring of vessels will not subject the pipe to repeated excessive strain.
2. Pipe joints that depend on the friction characteristics of combustible materials or on the grooving of pipe ends for mechanical continuity of piping shall not be used.
3. Swivel joints are allowed in piping to which hoses are connected and for articulated, swivel-joint transfer systems, provided the design is such that the mechanical strength of the joint will not be impaired if the packing materials fail such as by exposure to fire.
4. Each line conveying Class I or II liquids leading to a wharf shall be provided with a readily accessible block valve located on shore near the approach to the wharf and outside of any diked area. Where more than one line is involved, the valves shall be grouped in one location.
5. Means shall be provided for easy access to cargo line valves located below the wharf deck.
6. Piping systems shall contain a sufficient number of valves to operate the system properly and to control the flow of liquid in normal operation and in the event of physical damage.
7. Piping on wharves shall be bonded and grounded where Class I and II liquids are transported. Where excessive stray currents are encountered, insulating joints shall be installed. Bonding and grounding connections on piping shall be located on the wharf side of hose riser insulating flanges, where used, and shall be accessible for inspection.
8. Hose or articulated swivel-joint pipe connections used for cargo transfer shall be capable of accommodating the combined effects of change in draft and maximum tidal range, and mooring lines shall be kept adjusted to prevent surge of the vessel from placing stress on the cargo transfer system.
9. Hoses shall be supported to avoid kinking and damage from chafing.
1. Where vehicles and cars are loaded exclusively with products not having a static-accumulating tendency, such as asphalt, cutback asphalt, most crude oils, residual oils and water-miscible liquids.
2. When Class I liquids are not handled at the transfer facility and the tank vehicles are used exclusively for Class II and III liquids.
3. Where vehicles and cars are loaded or unloaded through closed top or bottom connections whether the hose is conductive or nonconductive.
1. Motor fuel-dispensing facilities complying with Chapter 23.
2. Installations where adequate public safety exists because of isolation, natural barriers or other factors as determined appropriate by the fire code official.
3. Facilities or properties that are entirely enclosed or protected from entry.
4. Facilities where all control valves are locked in the closed position or the power supply to the pumps is locked in the off position in an approved manner to prevent the dispensing of liquids by unauthorized persons.
1. The tank vehicle’s specific function is that of supplying fuel to motor vehicles;
2. The operation is not performed where the public has access or where there is unusual exposure to life or property;
3. The distance between the tank vehicle and vehicle being refueled does not exceed 50 feet in length; and
4. All equipment is approved for use with the fuel being transferred.
1. Dispensing shall occur only at sites that have been issued a permit to conduct mobile fueling.
2. The owner of a mobile fueling operation shall provide to the jurisdiction a written response plan which demonstrates readiness to respond to a fuel spill and carry out appropriate mitigation measures, and describes the process to dispose properly of contaminated materials.
3. A detailed site plan shall be submitted with each application for a permit. The site plan shall indicate: all buildings, structures and appurtenances on site and their use or function; all uses adjacent to the lot lines of the site; the locations of all storm drain openings, adjacent waterways or wetlands; information regarding slope, natural drainage, curbing, impounding and how a spill will be retained upon the site property; and the scale of the site plan.
4. The fire code official is allowed to impose limits on the times and days during which mobile fueling operations is allowed to take place, and specific locations on a site where fueling is permitted.
5. Mobile fueling operations shall be conducted in areas not accessible to the public or shall be limited to times when the public is not present.
6. Mobile fueling shall not take place within 15 feet (4572 mm) of buildings, property lines, combustible storage or storm drains.
1. The distance to storm drains shall not apply where an approved storm drain cover or an approved equivalent that will prevent any fuel from reaching the drain is in place prior to fueling or a fueling hose being placed within 15 feet (4572 mm) of the drain. Where placement of a storm drain cover will cause the accumulation of excessive water or difficulty in conducting the fueling, such cover shall not be used and the fueling shall not take place within 15 feet (4572 mm) of a drain.
2. The distance to storm drains shall not apply for drains that direct influent to approved oil interceptors.
7. The tank vehicle shall comply with the requirements of NFPA 385 and local, state and federal requirements. The tank vehicle’s specific functions shall include that of supplying fuel to motor vehicle fuel tanks. The vehicle and all its equipment shall be maintained in good repair.
8. Signs prohibiting smoking or open flames within 25 feet (7620 mm) of the tank vehicle or the point of fueling shall be prominently posted on three sides of the vehicle including the back and both sides.
9. A portable fire extinguisher with a minimum rating of 40:BC shall be provided on the vehicle with signage clearly indicating its location.
10. The dispensing nozzles and hoses shall be of an approved and listed type.
11. The dispensing hose shall not be extended from the reel more than 100 feet (30 480 mm) in length.
12. Absorbent materials, nonwater-absorbent pads, a 10-foot-long (3048 mm) containment boom, an approved container with lid and a nonmetallic shovel shall be provided to mitigate a minimum 5-gallon (19 L) fuel spill.
13. Tank vehicles shall be equipped with a “fuel limit” switch such as a count-back switch, to limit the amount of a single fueling operation to a maximum of 500 gallons (1893 L) before resetting the limit switch.
14. Persons responsible for dispensing operations shall be trained in the appropriate mitigating actions in the event of a fire, leak or spill. Training records shall be maintained by the dispensing company and shall be made available to the fire code official upon request.
15. Operators of tank vehicles used for mobile fueling operations shall have in their possession at all times an emergency communications device to notify the proper authorities in the event of an emergency.
16. The tank vehicle dispensing equipment shall be constantly attended and operated only by designated personnel who are trained to handle and dispense motor fuels.
17. Fuel dispensing shall be prohibited within 25 feet (7620 mm) of any source of ignition.
18. The engines of vehicles being fueled shall be shut off during dispensing operations.
19. Nighttime fueling operations shall only take place in adequately lighted areas.
20. The tank vehicle shall be positioned with respect to vehicles being fueled to prevent traffic from driving over the delivery hose.
21. During fueling operations, tank vehicle brakes shall be set, chock blocks shall be in place and warning lights shall be in operation.
22. Motor vehicle fuel tanks shall not be topped off.
23. The dispensing hose shall be properly placed on an approved reel or in an approved compartment prior to moving the tank vehicle.
24. The fire code official and other appropriate authorities shall be notified when a reportable spill or unauthorized discharge occurs.
25. Operators shall place a drip pan or an absorbent pillow under each fuel fill opening prior to and during dispensing operations. Drip pans shall be liquid-tight. The pan or absorbent pillow shall have a capacity of not less than 3 gallons (11.36 L). Spills retained in the drip pan or absorbent pillow need not be reported. Operators, when fueling, shall have on their person an absorbent pad capable of capturing diesel fuel overfills. Except during fueling, the nozzle shall face upward and an absorbent pad shall be kept under the nozzle to catch drips. Contaminated absorbent pads or pillows shall be disposed of regularly in accordance with local, state and federal requirements.
1. The necessary absence in connection with loading or unloading the vehicle. During actual fuel transfer, Section 5706.6.1.2 shall apply. The vehicle location shall be in accordance with Section 5706.6.2.1.
2. Stops for meals during the day or night, where the street is well lighted at the point of parking. The vehicle location shall be in accordance with Section 5706.6.2.1.
1. Inside of a bulk plant and either 25 feet (7620 mm) or more from the nearest lot line or within a building approved for such use; or
2. At other approved locations not less than 50 feet (15 240 mm) from the buildings other than those approved for the storage or servicing of such vehicles.
1. Marine systems complying with federal transportation waterway regulations such as DOTn 33 CFR Parts 154 through 156, and CGR 46 CFR Parts 30, 32, 35 and 39.
2. Motor fuel-dispensing facility systems complying with Chapter 23.
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