The provisions of this chapter shall govern the
materials, design, construction and installation of sanitary
drainage systems.
Every building in which plumbing
fixtures are installed and all premises having drainage piping
shall be connected to a public sewer, where available, or an
approved private sewage disposal system.
R 408.30730
R 408.30730
A building having plumbing
fixtures installed and intended for human habitation,
occupancy or use on premises abutting on a street, alley or
easement in which there is a public sewer shall have a separate
connection with the sewer. Where located on the same
lot, multiple buildings shall not be prohibited from connecting
to a common building sewer that connects to the public
sewer.
Sewage or other waste from a
plumbing system that is deleterious to surface or subsurface
waters shall not be discharged into the ground or into any
waterway unless it has first been rendered innocuous through
subjection to an approved form of treatment.
Waste
detrimental to the public sewer system or to the functioning
of the sewage-treatment plant shall be treated and disposed of
in accordance with Section 1003 as directed by the code official.
Exposed soil
or waste piping shall not be installed above any working,
storage or eating surfaces in food service establishments.
Direct connection of a steam exhaust,
blowoff, or drip pipe shall not be made with the building
drainage system. Waste water where discharged into the
building drainage system shall be at a temperature not greater
than 140°F (60°C). Where higher temperatures exist,
approved cooling methods shall be provided.
R 408.30730
R 408.30730
Above-ground soil, waste and vent pipe shall conform to one
of the standards listed in Table 702.1.
| MATERIAL | STANDARD |
| Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) plastic pipe in IPS diameters, including Schedule 40, DR 22 (PS 200) and DR 24 (PS 140); with a solid, cellular core or composite wall |
ASTM D2661 ; ASTM F628; ASTM Fl488 ; CSA B181.1 |
| Brass pipe | ASTM B43 |
| Cast-iron pipe | ASTM A 74; ASTM A888; CISPI 301 |
| Copper or copper-alloy pipe | ASTM B42; ASTM B302 |
| Copper or copper-alloy tubing (Type K, L, M or DWV) | ASTM B75; ASTM B88; ASTM B251; ASTM B306 |
| Galvanized steel pipe | ASTM A53 |
| Glass pipe | ASTM C1053 |
| Polyolefin pipe | ASTM F1412; CSA B181.3 |
| Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) plastic pipe in IPS diameters, including Schedule 40, DR 22 (PS 200), and DR 24 (PS 140); with a solid, cellular core or composite wall |
ASTM D2665; ASTM F891; ASTM F1488 ; CSA B181.2 |
| Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) plastic pipe with a 3.25-inch O.D. and a solid, cellular core or composite wall |
ASTM D2949, ASTM F1488 |
| Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) plastic pipe | ASTM F1673; CSA B181.3 |
| Stainless steel drainage systems, Types 304 and 316L | ASME A112.3.1 |
Underground building sanitary drainage and vent pipe
shall conform to one of the standards listed in Table 702.2.
For SI: l inch = 25.4 mm.
| MATERIAL | STANDARD |
| Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) plastic pipe in IPS diameters, including Schedule 40, DR 22 (PS 200) and DR 24 (PS 140); with a solid, cellular core or composite wall |
ASTM D2661; ASTM F628; ASTM Fl488; CSA 8181.1 |
| Cast-iron pipe | ASTM A 74; ASTM A888; CISPI 301 |
| Copper or copper-alloy tubing (Type K, L, M or DWV) | ASTM B75; ASTM B88; ASTM B251; ASTM B306 |
| Polyolefin pipe | ASTM F1412; CSA B181.3 |
| Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) plastic pipe in IPS diameters, including Schedule 40, DR 22 (PS 200), and DR 24 (PS 140); with a solid, cellular core or composite wall |
ASTM D2665; ASTM F891; ASTM F1488 ; CSA B181.2 |
| Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) plastic pipe with a 3.25-inch O.D. and a solid, cellular core or composite wall |
ASTM D2949, ASTM F1488 |
| Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) plastic pipe | ASTM F1673; CSA B181.3 |
| Stainless steel drainage systems, Types 304 and 316L | ASME A112.3.1 |
Building sewer pipe shall conform
to one of the standards listed in Table 702.3.
For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm.
| MATERIAL | STANDARD |
| Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) plastic pipe in IPS diameters, including Schedule 40, DR 22 (PS 200) and DR 24 (PS 140); with a solid, cellular core or composite wall |
ASTM D2661; ASTM F628; ASTM F1488; CSA B181.1 |
| Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene |
ASTM F1488; ASTM D2751 |
| Cast-iron pipe | ASTM A74; ASTM A888; CISPI 301 |
| Concrete pipe | ASTM C14; ASTM C76; CSA A257.1M; CSA A257.2M |
| Copper or copper-alloy tubing (Type K or L) | ASTM B75; ASTM B88; ASTM B251 |
| Polyethylene (PE) plastic pipe (SDR-PR) | ASTM F714 |
| Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) plastic pipe in IPS diameters, including Schedule 40, DR 22 (PS 200) and DR 24 (PS 140); with a solid, cellular core or composite wall |
ASTM D2665; ASTM F891; ASTM F1488 |
| Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) plastic pipe in sewer and drain diameters, including PS 25, SDR 41 (PS 28), PS 35, SDR 35 (PS 46), PS 50, PS 100, SDR 26 (PS 115), PS 140 and PS 200; with a solid, cellular core or composite wall |
ASTM F891; ASTM F1488; ASTM D3034 ; CSA Bl82.2; CSA B182.4 |
| Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) plastic pipe with a 3.25-inch O.D. and a solid, cellular core or composite wall |
ASTM D2949, ASTM F1488 |
| Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) plastic pipe | ASTM F1673; CSA B181.3 |
| Stainless steel drainage systems, Types 304 and 316L | ASME A112.3.1 |
| Vitrified clay pipe | ASTM C4; ASTM C700 |
Pipe fittings shall be approved for installation
with the piping material installed and shall comply with the
applicable standards listed in Table 702.4.
For SI: 1 inch= 25.4 mm.
| MATERIAL | STANDARD |
| Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) plastic pipe in IPS diameters | ASTM D2661; ASTM F628; CSA B181.1 |
| Acrylonotrile butadiene styrene (ABS) plastic pipe in sewer and drain diameters |
ASTM D2751 |
| Cast iron | ASME B 16.4; ASME B 16.12; ASTM A74; ASTM A888; CISPI 301 |
| Copper or copper alloy | ASME B 16.15; ASMEB 16.18; ASME B 16.22; ASMEB 16.23;ASME B 16.26; ASME B 16.29 |
| Glass | ASTM C1053 |
| Gray iron and ductile iron | AWWA C 110/A21.10 |
| Malleable iron | ASMEB 16.3 |
| Polyolefin | ASTM Fl412; CSA B181.3 |
| Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) plastic in IPS diameters | ASTM D2665; ASTM F1866 |
| Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) plastic pipe in sewer and drain diameters | ASTM D3034 |
| Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) plastic pipe with a 3.25-inch O.D. | ASTM D2949 |
| Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) plastic pipe | ASTM F1673; CSA B 181.3 |
| Stainless steel drainage systems, Types 304 and 316L | ASMEA 112.3.1 |
| Steel | ASME B 16.9; ASME B 16.11; ASME B 16.28 |
| Vitrified | ASTM C700 |
A chemical waste system
shall be completely separated from the sanitary drainage
system. The chemical waste shall be treated in accordance
with Section 803.2 before discharging to the sanitary drainage
system. Separate drainage systems for chemical wastes
and vent pipes shall be of an approved material that is resistant
to corrosion and degradation for the concentrations of
chemicals involved.
The wall thickness of lead
bends and traps shall be not less than 1⁄8 inch (3.2 mm).
Where a building
sewer or building drain is installed on filled or unstable
ground, the drainage pipe shall conform to one of the standards
for ABS plastic pipe, cast-iron pipe, copper or copper-alloy
tubing, or PVC plastic pipe listed in Table 702.3.
Existing building
sewers and drains shall connect with new building sewer
and drainage systems only where found by examination and
test to conform to the new system in quality of material. The
code official shall notify the owner to make the changes necessary
to conform to this code.
Where
the public sewer is a combined system for both sanitary and
storm water, the sanitary sewer shall be connected independently
to the public sewer.
Horizontal
drainage piping shall be installed in uniform alignment at uniform slopes. The slope of a horizontal drainage pipe shall be
not less than that indicated in Table 704.1.
For SI: 1 inch= 25.4 mm, 1 inch per foot= 83.33 mm/m.
| SIZE (inches) |
MINIMUM SLOPE (inch per foot) |
| 21⁄2 or less | 1⁄4 |
| 3 to 6 | 1⁄8 |
| 8 or larger | 1⁄16 |
Horizontal
branches shall connect to the bases of stacks at a point
located not less than 10 times the diameter of the drainage
stack downstream from the stack. Horizontal branches shall
connect to horizontal stack offsets at a point located not less
than 10 times the diameter of the drainage stack downstream
from the upper stack.
Drainage piping for future fixtures
shall terminate with an approved cap or plug.
Mechanical joints on drainage
pipes shall be made with an elastomeric seal conforming
to ASTM C1173, ASTM D3212 or CSA B602. Mechanical
joints shall be installed only in underground systems
unless otherwise approved. Joints shall be installed in
accordance with the manufacturer's instructions.
Joint surfaces shall be clean
and free from moisture. Solvent cement that conforms to
ASTM D2235 or CSA B181.1 shall be applied to all joint
surfaces. The joint shall be made while the cement is wet.
Joints shall be made in accordance with ASTM D2235,
ASTM D2661, ASTM F628 or CSA B 181.1. Sol ventcement
joints shall be permitted above or below ground.
Threads shall conform to
ASME B1.20.1. Schedule 80 or heavier pipe shall be permitted
to be threaded with dies specifically designed for
plastic pipe. Approved thread lubricant or tape shall be
applied on the male threads only.
Mechanical joints shall be
installed in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions.
Threads shall conform to
ASME B1.20.1. Pipe-joint compound or tape shall be
applied on the male threads only.
Joints for hub and spigot pipe
shall be firmly packed with oakum or hemp. Molten lead
shall be poured in one operation to a depth of not less than
1 inch (25 mm). The lead shall not recede more than ⅛
inch (3.2 mm) below the rim of the hub and shall be
caulked tight. Paint, varnish or other coatings shall not be
permitted on the jointing material until after the joint has
been tested and approved. Lead shall be run in one pouring
and shall be caulked tight. Acid-resistant rope and
acidproof cement shall be permitted.
Compression gaskets
for hub and spigot pipe and fittings shall conform to
ASTM C564 and shall be tested to ASTM C1563. Gaskets
shall be compressed when the pipe is fully inserted.
Mechanical joint
couplings for hubless pipe and fittings shall consist of an
elastomeric sealing sleeve and a metallic shield that comply
with CISPI 310, ASTM C1277 or ASTM C1540. The
elastomeric sealing sleeve shall conform to ASTM C564
or CSA B602 and shall be provided with a center stop.
Mechanical joint couplings shall be installed in accordance
with the manufacturer's instructions.
Joints between concrete pipe and fittings
shall be made with an elastomeric seal conforming to
ASTM C443, ASTM C1173, CSA A257.3M or CSA B602.
Mechanical joints shall be
installed in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions.
Threads shall conform to
ASME B1.20.1. Pipe-joint compound or tape shall be
applied on the male threads only.
Mechanical joints shall be
installed in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions.
Lead-caulked joints for hub and
spigot soil pipe shall be firmly packed with oakum or
hemp and filled with molten lead not less than 1 inch (25
mm) in depth and not to recede more than 1⁄8 inch (3.2
mm) below the rim of the hub. Paint, varnish or other coatings
shall not be permitted on the jointing material until
after the joint has been tested and approved. Lead shall be
run in one pouring and shall be caulked tight. Acid-resistant
rope and acidproof cement shall be permitted.
Threads shall conform to
ASME B1.20.1. Pipe-joint compound or tape shall be
applied on the male threads only.
Joints shall be made with an
approved elastomeric seal. Mechanical joints shall be
installed in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions.
Mechanical joints on drainage
pipe shall be made with an elastomeric seal conforming to
ASTM C1173, ASTM D3212 or CSA B602. Mechanical
joints shall not be installed in above-ground systems, unless
otherwise approved. Joints shall be installed in accordance
with the manufacturer's instructions.
Joint surfaces shall be clean
and free from moisture. A purple primer that conforms to
ASTM F656 shall be applied. Solvent cement not purple
in color and conforming to ASTM D2564, CSA B137.3,
CSA B181.2 or CSA B182.1 shall be applied to all joint
surfaces. The joint shall be made while the cement is wet
and shall be in accordance with ASTM D2855. Solvent-cement
joints shall be permitted above or below ground.
Exception: A primer is not required where both of the
following conditions apply:
- The solvent cement used is third-party certified as conforming to ASTM D2564.
- The solvent cement is used only for joining PVC drain, waste and vent pipe and fittings in non-pressure applications in sizes up to and including 4 inches (102 mm) in diameter.
Threads shall conform to
ASME B1.20.1. Schedule 80 or heavier pipe shall be permitted
to be threaded with dies specifically designed for
plastic pipe. Approved thread lubricant or tape shall be
applied on the male threads only.
Joints between vitrified clay pipe or
fittings shall be made with an elastomeric seal conforming to
ASTM C425, ASTM C1173 or CSA B602.
Joints between polyethylene
plastic pipe and fittings shall be underground and shall
comply with Section 705.13.1 or 705.13.2.
Joint surfaces shall be clean
and free from moisture. All joint surfaces shall be cut,
heated to melting temperature and joined using tools specifically
designed for the operation. Joints shall be undisturbed
until cool. Joints shall be made in accordance with
ASTM D2657 and the manufacturer's instructions.
Mechanical joints in drainage
piping shall be made with an elastomeric seal conforming
to ASTM C1173, ASTM D3212 or CSA B602.
Mechanical joints shall be installed in accordance with the
manufacturer's instructions.
Heat-fusion joints for polyolefin
pipe and tubing joints shall be installed with socket-type
heat-fused polyolefin fittings or electrofusion polyolefin
fittings. Joint surfaces shall be clean and free from
moisture. The joint shall be undisturbed until cool. Joints
shall be made in accordance with ASTM F1412 or CSA
B181.3.
Mechanical and compression sleeve joints shall be installed
in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions.
Heat-fusion joints for polyvinylidene
fluoride pipe and tubing joints shall be installed
with socket-type heat-fused polyvinylidene fluoride fittings
or electrofusion polyvinylidene fittings and couplings.
Joint surfaces shall be clean and free from
moisture. The joint shall be undisturbed until cool. Joints
shall be made in accordance with ASTM F1673.
Mechanical and compression sleeve joints shall be installed
in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions.
Joints between
different piping materials shall be made with a mechanical
joint of the compression or mechanical-sealing type conforming
to ASTM C1173, ASTM C1460 or ASTM C1461. Connectors
and adapters shall be approved for the application and
such joints shall have an elastomeric seal conforming to
ASTM C425, ASTM C443, ASTM C564, ASTM C1440,
ASTM F477, CSA A257.3M or CSA B602, or as required in
Sections 705.16.1 through 705.16.7. Joints between glass
pipe and other types of materials shall be made with adapters
having a TFE seal. Joints shall be installed in accordance with
the manufacturer's instructions.
Joints between copper or copper-alloy tubing
and cast-iron hub pipe shall be made with a brass ferrule
or compression joint. The copper or copper-alloy tubing
shall be soldered to the ferrule in an approved manner, and
the ferrule shall be joined to the cast-iron hub by a caulked
joint or a mechanical compression joint.
Joints between copper or copper-alloy tubing
and galvanized steel pipe shall be made with a brass converter
fitting or dielectric fitting. The copper tubing shall
be soldered to the fitting in an approved manner, and the
fitting shall be screwed to the threaded pipe.
Joints between cast-iron and galvanized steel or
brass pipe shall be made by either caulked or threaded
joints or with an approved adapter fitting.
Joints between different types of plastic pipe or between
plastic pipe and other piping material shall be made with
an approved adapter fitting. Joints between plastic pipe
and cast-iron hub pipe shall be made by a caulked joint or
a mechanical compression joint.
Joints
between lead pipe and other piping material shall be made
by a wiped joint to a caulking ferrule, soldering nipple or
bushing or shall be made with an approved adapter fitting.
Joints
between glass pipe and other types of materials shall be
made with adapters having a TFE seal and shall be installed
in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions.
Joints between stainless steel drainage systems and
other piping materials shall be made with approved
mechanical couplings.
Ferrules shall be of red brass and
shall be in accordance with Table 705.18.
For SI: 1 inch= 25.4 mm, 1 ounce= 28.35 g, 1 pound= 0.454 kg.
| PIPE SIZES (inches) |
INSIDE DIAMETER (inches) |
LENGTH (Inches) |
MINIMUM WEIGHT EACH |
| 2 | 21⁄4 | 41⁄2 | 1 pound |
| 3 | 31⁄4 | 41⁄2 | 1 pound 12 ounces |
| 4 | 41⁄4 | 41⁄2 | 2 pound 8 ounces |
Soldering bushings shall be of
red brass and shall be in accordance with Table 705.19.
For SI: 1 inch= 25.4 mm, 1 ounce= 28.35 g, 1 pound= 0.454 kg.
| PIPE SIZES (inches) | MINIMUM WEIGHT EACH |
| 11⁄4 | 6 ounces |
| 11⁄2 | 8 ounces |
| 2 | 14 ounces |
| 21⁄2 | 1 pound 6 ounces |
| 3 | 2 pounds |
| 4 | 3 pounds 8 ounces |
O-ring joints for
stainless steel drainage systems shall be made with an
approved elastomeric seal.
All connections
and changes in direction of the sanitary drainage system
shall be made with approved drainage fittings. Connections
between drainage piping and fixtures shall conform to Section
405.
The fittings shall not have ledges, shoulders
or reductions capable of retarding or obstructing flow in
the piping. Threaded drainage pipe fittings shall be of the
recessed drainage type. This section shall not be applicable to
tubular waste fittings used to convey vertical flow upstream
of the trap seal liquid level of a fixture trap.
Fittings shall be installed to
guide sewage and waste in the direction of flow. Change in
direction shall be made by fittings installed in accordance
with Table 706.3. Change in direction by combination fittings,
side inlets or increasers shall be installed in accordance
with Table 706.3 based on the pattern of flow created by the
fitting. Double sanitary tee patterns shall not receive the discharge
of back-to-back water closets and fixtures or appliances
with pumping action discharge.
For SI: 1 inch= 25.4 mm.
Exception: Back-to-back water closet connections to double
sanitary tees shall be permitted where the horizontal
developed length between the outlet of the water closet
and the connection to the double sanitary tee pattern is 18
inches (457 mm) or greater.
| TYPE OF FITTING PATTERN | CHANGE IN DIRECTION | ||
| Horizontal to vertical | Vertical to horizontal | Horizontal to horizontal | |
| Sixteenth bend | X | X | X |
| Eighth bend | X | X | X |
| Sixth bend | X | X | X |
| Quarter bend | X | Xa | Xa |
| Short sweep | X | Xa,b | Xa |
| Long sweep | X | X | X |
| Sanitary tee | Xc | - | - |
| Wye | X | X | X |
| Combination wye and eighth bend | X | X | X |
- The fittings shall only be permitted for a 2-inch or smaller fixture drain.
- Three inches or larger.
- For a limitation on double sanitary tees, see Section 706.3.
Heel-inlet quarter
bends shall be an acceptable means of connection, except
where the quarter bend serves a water closet. A low-heel inlet
shall not be used as a wet-vented connection. Side-inlet quarter
bends shall be an acceptable means of connection for
drainage, wet venting and stack venting arrangements.
The following types of joints and
connections shall be prohibited:
Horizontal
drainage pipes in buildings shall have cleanouts
located at intervals of not more than 100 feet (30 480 mm).
Building drains shall have cleanouts located at intervals of
not more than 100 feet (30 480 mm) except where manholes
are used instead of cleanouts, the manholes shall be
located at intervals of not more than 400 feet (122 m). The
interval length shall be measured from the cleanout or
manhole opening, along the developed length of the piping
to the next drainage fitting providing access for cleaning,
the end of the horizontal drain or the end of the building
drain.
Exception: Horizontal fixture drain piping serving a
nonremovable trap shall not be required to have a cleanout
for the section of piping between the trap and the
vent connection for such trap.
Building sewers smaller than 8
inches (203 mm) shall have cleanouts located at intervals
of not more than 100 feet (30 480 mm). Building sewers 8
inches (203 mm) and larger shall have a manhole located
not more than 200 feet (60 960 mm) from the junction of
the building drain and building sewer and at intervals of
not more than 400 feet (122 m). The interval length shall
be measured from the cleanout or manhole opening, along
the developed length of the piping to the next drainage fitting
providing access for cleaning, a manhole or the end of
the building sewer.
The junction of the building drain and the building sewer
shall be served by a cleanout that is located at the junction
or within 10 feet (3048 mm) of the developed length of
piping upstream of the junction. For the requirements of
this section, the removal of the water closet shall not be
required to provide cleanout access.
Where a horizontal drainage
pipe, a building drain or a building sewer has a change
of horizontal direction greater than 45 degrees (0.79 rad), a
cleanout shall be installed at the change of direction.
Where more than one change of horizontal direction
greater than 45 degrees (0.79 rad) occurs within 40 feet
(12 192 mm) of developed length of piping, the cleanout
installed for the first change of direction shall serve as the
cleanout for all changes in direction within that 40 feet (12 192 mm) of developed length of piping.
Cleanouts shall be the same size as
the piping served by the cleanout, except that cleanouts for
piping larger than 4 inches (102 mm) need not be larger
than 4 inches (102 mm).
Exceptions:
- A removable P-trap with slip or ground joint connections can serve as a cleanout for drain piping that is one size larger than the P-trap size.
- Cleanouts located on stacks can be one size smaller than the stack size.
- The size of cleanouts for cast-iron piping can be in accordance with the referenced standards for cast-iron fittings as indicated in Table 702.4.
Cleanout plugs shall be of brass,
plastic or other approved materials. Cleanout plugs for
borosilicate glass piping systems shall be of borosilicate
glass. Brass cleanout plugs shall conform to ASTM A74
and shall be limited for use only on metallic piping systems.
Plastic cleanout plugs shall conform to the referenced
standards for plastic pipe fittings, as indicated in
Table 702.4. Cleanout plugs shall have a raised square
head, a countersunk square head or a countersunk slot
head. Where a cleanout plug will have a trim cover screw
installed into the plug, the plug shall be manufactured with
a blind end threaded hole for such purpose.
Manholes and manhole covers shall be
of an approved type. Manholes located inside of a building
shall have gas-tight covers that require tools for removal.
Cleanouts for 6-inch (153
mm) and smaller piping shall be provided with a clearance
of not less than 18 inches (457 mm) from, and perpendicular
to, the face of the opening to any obstruction. Cleanouts
for 8-inch (203 mm) and larger piping shall be
provided with a clearance of not less than 36 inches (914
mm) from, and perpendicular to, the face of the opening to
any obstruction.
Required cleanouts shall not be
installed in concealed locations. For the purposes of this
section, concealed locations include, but are not limited to,
the inside of plenums, within walls, within floor/ceiling
assemblies, below grade and in crawl spaces where the
height from the crawl space floor to the nearest obstruction
along the path from the crawl space opening to the cleanout
location is less than 24 inches (610 mm). Cleanouts
with openings at a finished wall shall have the face of the
opening located within 11⁄2 inches (38 mm) of the finished
wall surface. Cleanouts located below grade shall be
extended to grade level so that the top of the cleanout plug
is at or above grade. A cleanout installed in a floor or
walkway that will not have a trim cover installed shall
have a countersunk plug installed so the top surface of the
plug is flush with the finished surface of the floor or walkway.
All horizontal drains within buildings and
building sewers shall be provided with cleanouts located
not more than 100 feet (30 480 mm) apart.
For underground piping that is more than 10 inches in diameter, manholes shall be provided and located at every major change of direction, grade, elevation, or size of pipe or at intervals of not more than 400 feet (12 1920 mm). Metal covers shall be provided for the manholes and shall be of sufficient weight to meet local traffic and loading conditions.
Within buildings, manhole covers shall be gastight and the manhole shall be vented with not less than a 4-inch (102 mm) pipe.
R 408.30757
For underground piping that is more than 10 inches in diameter, manholes shall be provided and located at every major change of direction, grade, elevation, or size of pipe or at intervals of not more than 400 feet (12 1920 mm). Metal covers shall be provided for the manholes and shall be of sufficient weight to meet local traffic and loading conditions.
Within buildings, manhole covers shall be gastight and the manhole shall be vented with not less than a 4-inch (102 mm) pipe.
R 408.30757
Drainage fixture unit values as
given in Table 709.1 designate the relative load weight of different
kinds of fixtures that shall be employed in estimating
the total load carried by a soil or waste pipe, and shall be used
in connection with Tables 710.1(1) and 710.1(2) of sizes for
soil, waste and vent pipes for which the permissible load is
given in terms of fixture units.
For SI: 1 inch= 25.4 mm, 1 gallon= 3.785 L, gpf = gallon per flushing cycle, gpm = gallon per minute.
For SI: 1 inch= 25.4 mm.
| FIXTURE TYPE | DRAINAGE FIXTURE UNIT VALUE AS LOAD FACTORS |
MINIMUM SIZE OF TRAP (Inches) |
| Automatic clothes washers, commerciala,g | 3 | 2 |
| Automatic clothes washers, residentialg | 2 | 2 |
| Bathroom group as defined in Section 202 (1.6 gpf water closet)#f |
5 | - |
| Bathroom group as defined in Section 202 (water closet flushing greater than 1.6 gpf)f |
6 | - |
| Bathtub#b (with or without overhead shower or whirpool attachments) | 2 | 11⁄2 |
| Bidet | 1 | 11⁄4 |
| Combination sink and tray | 2 | 11⁄2 |
| Dental lavatory | 1 | 11⁄4 |
| Dental unit or cuspidor | 1 | 11⁄4 |
| Dish washing machine°, domestic | 2 | 11⁄2 |
| Drinking fountain | 1⁄2 | 11⁄4 |
| Emergency floor drain | 0 | 2 |
| Floor drainsh | 2h | 2 |
| Floor sinks | Note h | 2 |
| Kitchen sink, domestic | 2 | 11⁄2 |
| Kitchen sink, domestic with food waste disposer and/or dishwasher | 2 | 11⁄2 |
| Laundry tray (1 or 2 compartments) | 2 | 11⁄2 |
| Lavatory | 1 | 11⁄4 |
| Shower (based on the total flow rate through showerheads and body sprays) Flow rate: 5.7 gpm or less Greater than 5.7 gpm to 12.3 gpm Greater than 12.3 gpm to 25.8 gpm Greater than 25.8 gpm to 55.6 gpm |
2 3 5 6 |
11⁄2 2 3 4 |
| Service sink | 2 | 11⁄2 |
| Sink | 2 | 11⁄2 |
| Urinal | 4 | Note d |
| Urinal, 1 gallon per flush or less | 2e | Note d |
| Urinal, nonwater supplied | 1⁄2 | Note d |
| Wash sink (circular or multiple) each set of faucets | 2 | 11⁄2 |
| Water closet, flushometer tank, public or private | 4e | Note d |
| Water closet, private (1.6 gpf) | 3e | Note d |
| Water closet, private (flushing greater than 1.6 gpf) | 4e | Note d |
| Water closet, public (1.6 gpf) | 4e | Note d |
| Water closet, public (flushing greater than 1.6 gpf) | 6e | Note d |
- For traps larger than 3 inches, use Table 709.2.
- A showerhead over a bathtub or whirlpool bathtub attachment does not increase the drainage fixture unit value.
- See Sections 709.2 through 709.4.1 for methods of computing unit value of fixtures not listed in this table or for rating of devices with intermittent flows.
- Trap size shall be consistent with the fixture outlet size.
- For the purpose of computing loads on building drains and sewers, water closets and urinals shall not be rated at a lower drainage fixture unit unless the lower values are confirmed by testing.
- For fixtures added to a bathroom group, add the dfu value of those additional fixtures to the bathroom group fixture count.
- See Section 406.3 for sizing requirements for fixture drain, branch drain and drainage stack for an automatic clothes washer standpipe.
- See Sections 709.4 and 709.4.1.
| FIXTURE DRAIN OR TRAP SIZE (inches) |
DRAINAGE FIXTURE UNIT VALUE |
| 11⁄4 | 1 |
| 11⁄2 | 2 |
| 2 | 3 |
| 21⁄2 | 4 |
| 3 | 5 |
| 4 | 6 |
Fixtures not listed
in Table 709.1 shall have a drainage fixture unit load based
on the outlet size of the fixture in accordance with Table
709.2. The minimum trap size for unlisted fixtures shall be
the size of the drainage outlet but not less than 1¼ inches (32
mm)
Drainage fixture unit values for continuous and semicontinuous
flow into a drainage system shall be computed on the
basis that 1 gpm (0.06 L/s) of flow is equivalent to two fixture
units.
The drainage fixture
unit load of an indirect waste receptor receiving the discharge
of indirectly connected fixtures shall be the sum of the
drainage fixture unit values of the fixtures that discharge to
the receptor, but not less than the drainage fixture unit value
given for the indirect waste receptor in Table 709.1 or 709.2.
The maximum number
of drainage fixture units connected to a given size of building
sewer, building drain or horizontal branch of the building
drain shall be determined using Table 710.1(1). The maximum
number of drainage fixture units connected to a given
size of horizontal branch or vertical soil or waste stack shall
be determined using Table 710.1 (2).
For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 inch per foot = 83.3 mm/m.
For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm.
| DIAMETER OF PIPE (inches} | MAXIMUM NUMBER OF DRAINAGE FIXTURE UNITS CONNECTED TO ANY PORTION OF THE BUILDING DRAIN OR THE BUILDING SEWER, INCLUDING BRANCHES OF THE BUILDING DRAINa |
|||
| Slope per foot | ||||
| 1⁄16 inch | 1⁄8 inch | 1⁄4 inch | 1⁄2 inch | |
| 11⁄4 | - | - | 1 | 1 |
| 11⁄2 | - | - | 3 | 3 |
| 2 | - | - | 21 | 26 |
| 21⁄2 | - | - | 24 | 31 |
| 3 | - | 36 | 42 | 50 |
| 4 | - | 180 | 216 | 250 |
| 5 | - | 390 | 480 | 575 |
| 6 | - | 700 | 840 | 1,000 |
| 8 | 1,400 | 1,600 | 1,920 | 2,300 |
| 10 | 2,500 | 2,900 | 3,500 | 4,200 |
| 12 | 3,900 | 4,600 | 5,600 | 6,700 |
| 15 | 7,000 | 8,300 | 10,000 | 12,000 |
- The minimum size of any building drain serving a water closet shall be 3 inches.
| DIAMETER OF PIPE (inches) | MAXIMUM NUMBER OF DRAINAGE FIXTURE UNITS (dfu) | |||
| Total for horizontal branch |
Stacks#b | |||
| Total discharge into one branch interval |
Total for stack of three branch Intervals or less |
Total for stack greater than three branch intervals |
||
| 11⁄2 | 3 | 2 | 4 | 8 |
| 2 | 6 | 6 | JO | 24 |
| 21⁄2 | 12 | 9 | 20 | 42 |
| 3 | 20 | 20 | 48 | 72 |
| 4 | 160 | 90 | 240 | 500 |
| 5 | 360 | 200 | 540 | 1,100 |
| 6 | 620 | 350 | 960 | 1,900 |
| 8 | 1,400 | 600 | 2,200 | 3,600 |
| 10 | 2,500 | 1,000 | 3,800 | 5,600 |
| 12 | 3,900 | 1,500 | 6,000 | 8,400 |
| 15 | 7,000 | Note c | Note c | Note c |
- Does not include branches of the building drain. Refer to Table 710.1(1).
- Stacks shall be sized based on the total accumulated connected load at each story or branch interval. As the total accumulated connected load decreases, stacks are permitted to be reduced in size. Stack diameters shall not be reduced to less than one-half of the diameter of the largest stack size required.
- Sizing load based on design criteria.
Horizontal stack offsets
shall be sized as required for building drains in accordance
with Table 710.1(1), except as required by Section 711.3
Vertical stack offsets shall
be sized as required for straight stacks in accordance with
Table 710.1(2), except where required to be sized as a
building drain in accordance with Section 711.1.1.
Where provision is made for the
future installation of fixtures, those provided for shall be considered
in determining the required sizes of drain pipes.
If a horizontal branch connects to the
stack within 2 feet (610 mm) above or below a vertical stack
offset, and the offset is located more than four branch intervals
below the top of the stack, the offset shall be vented in
accordance with Section 907.
Vents for vertical offsets required by Section 711.1 shall
not be required where the stack and its offset are sized as a
building drain [see Table 710.1(1)].
A stack with a horizontal
offset located more than four branch intervals below the top of the stack shall be vented in accordance with Section 907
and sized as follows:
- The portion of the stack above the offset shall be sized as for a vertical stack based on the total number of drainage fixture units above the offset.
- The offset shall be sized in accordance with Section 710.1.1.
- The portion of the stack below the offset shall be sized as for the offset or based on the total number of drainage fixture units on the entire stack, whichever is larger [see Table 710.1(2), Column 5].
Vents for horizontal stack offsets required by Section
711.2 shall not be required where the stack and its offset
are one pipe size larger than required for a building drain
[see Table 710.1(1)] and the entire stack and offset are not
less in cross-sectional area than that required for a straight
stack plus the area of an offset vent as provided for in Section
907.
Where a vertical offset
occurs in a soil or waste stack below the lowest horizontal
branch, a change in diameter of the stack because of the offset
shall not be required. If a horizontal offset occurs in a soil
or waste stack below the lowest horizontal branch, the
required diameter of the offset and the stack below it shall be
determined as for a building drain in accordance with Table
710.1(1).
Building subdrains that cannot be
discharged to the sewer by gravity flow shall be discharged
into a tightly covered and vented sump from which the liquid
shall be lifted and discharged into the building gravity drainage
system by automatic pumping equipment or other
approved method. In other than existing structures, the sump
shall not receive drainage from any piping within the building
capable of being discharged by gravity to the building sewer.
A check valve and a full open valve
located on the discharge side of the check valve shall be
installed in the pump or ejector discharge piping between the
pump or ejector and the gravity drainage system. Access shall
be provided to such valves. Such valves shall be located
above the sump cover required by Section 712.1 or, where the
discharge pipe from the ejector is below grade, the valves
shall be accessibly located outside the sump below grade in
an access pit with a removable access cover.
The sump pump capacity and head
shall be appropriate to anticipated use requirements.
The sump pit shall be not less than 18
inches (457 mm) in diameter and not less than 24 inches
(610 mm) in depth, unless otherwise approved. The pit
shall be accessible and located such that all drainage flows
into the pit by gravity. The sump pit shall be constructed
of tile, concrete, steel, plastic or other approved materials.
The pit bottom shall be solid and provide permanent support
for the pump. The sump pit shall be fitted with a gastight
removable cover that is installed flush with grade or
floor level, or above grade or floor level. The cover shall
be adequate to support anticipated loads in the area of use.
The sump pit shall be vented in accordance with
Chapter 9.
Discharge pipe and
fittings serving sump pumps and ejectors shall be constructed
of materials in accordance with Sections
712.3.3.1 and 712.3.3.2 and shall be approved.
Pumps connected to the drainage system shall connect
to a building sewer, building drain, soil stack, waste
stack or horizontal branch drain. Where the discharge
line connects into horizontal drainage piping, the connection
shall be made through a wye fitting into the top
of the drainage piping and such wye fitting shall be
located not less than 10 pipe diameters from the base of
any soil stack, waste stack or fixture drain.
A sewage pump
or sewage ejector shall automatically discharge the contents
of the sump to the building drainage system.
Macerating toilet systems
shall comply with nd shall be installed in accordance
with the manufactASME A112.3.4/CSA B45.9 aurer's
instructions.
A sewage pump or sewage ejector shall
have the capacity and head for the application requirements.
Pumps or ejectors that receive the discharge of
water closets shall be capable of handling spherical solids
with a diameter of up to and including 2 inches (51 mm).
Other pumps or ejectors shall be capable of handling
spherical solids with a diameter of up to and including 1
inch (25 mm). The capacity of a pump or ejector based on
the diameter of the discharge pipe shall be not less than
that indicated in Table 712.4.2.
For SI: 1 inch= 25.4 mm, 1 gallon per minute= 3.785 L/m.
Exceptions:
| DIAMETER OF THE DISCHARGE PIPE (inches) |
CAPACITY OF PUMP OR EJECTOR (gpm) |
| 2 | 21 |
| 21⁄2 | 30 |
| 3 | 46 |
This section shall govern those aspects of health
care plumbing systems that differ from plumbing systems in
other structures. Health care plumbing systems shall conform
to this section in addition to the other requirements of this
code. The provisions of this section shall apply to the special
devices and equipment installed and maintained in the following
occupancies: nursing homes; homes for the aged;
orphanages; infirmaries; first aid stations; psychiatric facilities;
clinics; professional offices of dentists and doctors; mortuaries;
educational facilities; surgery, dentistry, research and
testing laboratories; establishments manufacturing pharmaceutical
drugs and medicines; and other structures with similar
apparatus and equipment classified as plumbing.
Bedpan washers
and clinical sinks shall connect to the drainage and vent system
in accordance with the requirements for a water closet.
Bedpan washers shall also connect to a local vent.
Sterilizers, steamers and condensers
shall discharge to the drainage through an indirect waste pipe
by means of an air gap. Where a battery of not more than
three sterilizers discharges to an individual receptor, the distance
between the receptor and a sterilizer shall not exceed 8
feet (2438 mm). The indirect waste pipe on a bedpan steamer
shall be trapped.
Central vacuum
(fluid suction) systems shall provide continuous service. Systems equipped with collecting or control tanks shall provide
for draining and cleaning of the tanks while the system is in
operation. In hospitals, the system shall be connected to the
emergency power system. The exhausts from a vacuum pump
serving a vacuum (fluid suction) system shall discharge separately
to open air above the roof.
Where the
waste from a central vacuum (fluid suction) system of the
barometric-lag, collection-tank or bottle-disposal type is connected
to the drainage system, the waste shall be directly connected
to the sanitary drainage system through a trapped
waste.
The piping of a central vacuum (fluid suction)
system shall be of corrosion-resistant material with a
smooth interior surface. A branch shall be not less than 1⁄2-inch (12.7 mm) nominal pipe size for one outlet and shall
be sized in accordance with the number of vacuum outlets.
A main shall be not less than 1-inch (25 mm) nominal pipe
size. The pipe sizing shall be increased in accordance with
the manufacturer's instructions as stations are increased.
The velocity of airflow in a central vacuum
(fluid suction) system shall be less than 5,000 feet per
minute (25 m/s).
Connections between
local vents serving bedpan washers or sterilizer vents serving
sterilizing apparatus and normal sanitary plumbing systems
are prohibited. Only one type of apparatus shall be served by
a local vent.
Where bedpan washers
are located above each other on more than one floor, a
local vent stack is permitted to be installed to receive the
local vent on the various floors. Not more than three bedpan
washers shall be connected to a 2-inch (51 mm) local
vent stack, not more than six to a 3-inch (76 mm) local
vent stack and not more than 12 to a 4-inch (102 mm)
local vent stack. In multiple installations, the connections
between a bedpan washer local vent and a local vent stack
shall be made with tee or tee-wye sanitary pattern drainage
fittings installed in an upright position.
A water supply pipe not
less than 1⁄4 inch (6.4 mm) in diameter shall be taken from
the flush supply of each bedpan washer on the discharge or
fixture side of the vacuum breaker, shall be trapped to
form not less than a 3-inch (76 mm) water seal and shall
be connected to the local vent stack on each floor. The
water supply shall be installed so as to provide a supply of
water to the local vent stack for cleansing and drain trap
seal maintenance each time a bedpan washer is flushed.
Multiple installations of
pressure and nonpressure sterilizers shall have the vent connections
to the sterilizer vent stack made by means of
inverted wye fittings. Access shall be provided to vent connections
for the purpose of inspection and maintenance.
The connection between sterilizer
vent or exhaust openings and the sterilizer vent stack shall
be designed and installed to drain to the funnel or basket-type
waste fitting. In multiple installations, the sterilizer
vent stack shall be drained separately to the lowest sterilizer
funnel or basket-type waste fitting or receptor.
The minimum size of a sterilizer
vent serving a bedpan steamer shall be 1½ inches (38
mm) in diameter. Multiple installations shall be sized in
accordance with Table 713.11.1.
For SI: 1 inch= 25.4 mm.
| STACK SIZE (inches) |
CONNECTION SIZE |
|---|---|
| 1½" 2" | |
| 1½a | 1 or 0 |
| 2a | 2 or 1 |
| 2b | 1 and 1 |
| 3a | 4 or 2 |
| 3b | 2 and 2 |
| 4a | 8 or 4 |
| 4b | 4 and 4 |
- Total of each size.
- Combination of sizes.
The size of a sterilizer
vent stack shall be not less than 2 inches (51 mm) in diameter
where serving a utensil sterilizer and not less than 11⁄2
inches (38 mm) in diameter where serving an instrument
sterilizer. Combinations of boiling-type sterilizer vent
connections shall be sized in accordance with Table
713.11.1.
Pressure sterilizer vent
stacks shall be 21⁄2 inches (64 mm) minimum. Those serving
combinations of pressure sterilizer exhaust connections
shall be sized in accordance with Table 713.11.3.
For SI: 1 inch= 25.4 mm.
| STACK SIZE (inches) |
CONNECTION SIZE | |||
| 3⁄4" | 1" | 11⁄4" | 11⁄2" | |
| 11⁄2a | 3 or | 2 or | 1 | - |
| 11⁄2b | 2 and | 1 | - | - |
| 2a | 6 or | 3 or | 2 or | 1 |
| 2b | 2 and | 2 | - | - |
| 2b | 1 and | 1 and | 1 | - |
| 2b | 1 and | 1 and | - | 1 |
| 3a | 15 or | 7 or | 5 or | 3 |
| 3b | 1 and | 1 and 5 and |
2 and | 2 1 |
- Total of each size.
- Combination of sizes.
The diameter of a sterilizer vent stack serving an instrument
washer sterilizer shall be not less than 2 inches (51
mm). Not more than two sterilizers shall be installed on a
2-inch (51 mm) stack, and not more than four sterilizers
shall be installed on a 3-inch (76 mm) stack.
The sizing, design and
layout of the drainage system shall be permitted to be
designed by approved computer design methods.
The load shall be computed
from the simultaneous or sequential discharge conditions
from fixtures, appurtenances and appliances or the peak
usage design condition.
The discharge profiles
for flow rates versus time from fixtures and appliances
shall be in accordance with the manufacturer's
specifications.
Pipe shall be sized
to prevent full-bore flow.
Pipe size calculations
shall be conducted with the pipe wall roughness factor
(ks), in accordance with the manufacturer's
specifications and as modified for aging roughness factors
with deposits and corrosion.
Where plumbing fixtures are
installed on a floor with a finished floor elevation below the
elevation of the manhole cover of the next upstream manhole
in the public sewer, such fixtures shall be protected by a
backwater valve installed in the building drain, or horizontal
branch serving such fixtures. Plumbing fixtures installed on a
floor with a finished floor elevation above the elevation of the
manhole cover of the next upstream manhole in the public
sewer shall not discharge through a backwater valve.
Exception: In existing buildings, fixtures above the elevation
of the manhole cover of the next upstream manhole in
the public sewer shall not be prohibited from discharging
through a backwater valve.
Bearing parts of backwater valves shall be of
corrosion-resistant material. Backwater valves shall comply
with ASME A112.14.1, CSA B181.1 or CSA B181.2.
Backwater valves shall be so constructed as to
provide a mechanical seal against backflow.
Backwater valves, when fully opened, shall
have a capacity not less than that of the pipes in which they
are installed.
Backwater valves shall be installed so that
access is provided to the working parts for service and repair.