Chapter 6 ENERGY CONSERVATION, EFFICIENCY AND CO₂e EMISSION REDUCTION

Exception: Where it can be shown that energy to be used at the building site is associated with a specific building, that energy use shall be assigned to that specific building.

1. Sources: EPA eGrid2007 version 1.1, 2005 data; EPA eGrid regional gross grid loss factors; EIA Table 8.4a (Sum tables 8.4b and 8.4c) and Table 8.2c (Breakout of Table 8.2b), 2005 data.

TABLE 602.1.2.2
U.S. AVERAGE BUILDING FUELS ENERGY CONVERSION
FACTORS BY FUEL TYPE^a

where:

TABLE 602.2.1
ELECTRICITY EMISSION RATE BY EPA eGRID SUB-REGION^a

TABLE 602.2.2
FOSSIL FUEL EMISSION FACTORS

All forms of energy delivered to the building and building site, produced on the building site or in the building and reclaimed at the building site or in the building shall be metered and all energy load types measured in accordance with this section.

Exception: Systems with a rated output of less than 100 kBtu/hr shall not be required to have the capacity to be metered.

Exception: Systems with a rated output of less than 100 kBtu/hr shall not be required to have the capacity to be metered.

1. The current energy demand for the whole building level measurements, updated for each fuel type at the intervals specified in Section 603.3.
2. The average and peak demands for the previous day and the same day the previous year.
3. The total energy usage for the previous 18 months.

1. Buildings located where the electric utility or regional Independent System Operator (ISO) or Regional Transmission Operator (RTO) does not offer a demand response program to buildings regulated by this code.
2. Buildings with a peak electric demand not greater than 0.75 times that of the standard reference design.
3. Buildings that have incorporated onsite renewable energy generation to provide 20 percent or more of the building's energy demand.

1. Space temperature setpoint reset.
2. Increasing chilled water supply temperatures or decreasing hot water supply temperatures.
3. Increasing or decreasing supply air temperatures for variable air volume (VAV) systems.
4. Limiting capacity of HVAC equipment that has variable or multiple-stage capacity control.
5. Cycling of HVAC equipment or turning off noncritical equipment.
6. Disabling HVAC in unoccupied areas.
7. Limiting the capacity of chilled water, hot water, and refrigerant control valves.
8. Limiting the capacity of supply and exhaust fans, without reducing the outdoor air supply below the minimum required by Chapter 4 of the International Mechanical Code, or the minimum required by ASHRAE 62.1.
9. Limiting the capacity of chilled water or hot water supply pumps.
10. Anticipatory control strategies to precool or preheat in anticipation of a peak event.

1. Where close to the unoccupied period, the Auto-DR period shall be extended using a rebound avoidance, extended Auto-DR control strategy until the initiation of the unoccupied period.
2. Rebound avoidance, slow recovery control strategies, gradually increasing or decreasing space temperature setpoints or a variance in the timing by cooling or heating zone.
3. Rebound avoidance, slow recovery control strategies, gradually increasing or decreasing zone supply air temperatures.
4. Rebound avoidance, slow recovery control strategies, gradually increasing or decreasing chilled water temperatures or decreasing hot water temperatures.
5. Rebound avoidance, sequential equipment recovery strategies, gradually restoring demand limited equipment capacity.
6. Rebound avoidance, sequential equipment recovery strategies, gradually restoring equipment that was turned off during the Auto-DR period.
7. Rebound avoidance, slow recovery control strategies, gradually increasing capacity for air moving and pumping systems.
8. Rebound avoidance, sequential equipment recovery or rebound avoidance, slow recovery control where chilled water or hot water and other capacity control valves are sequentially or gradually allowed to return to normal operation, respectively.

1. Buildings or portions associated with lifeline services.
2. Luminaires on emergency circuits.
3. Luminaires located in emergency and life safety areas of a building.
4. Lighting in buildings that are less than 5,000 square feet (465 m²) in total area.
5. Luminaires located within a daylight zone that are dimmable and connected to automatic daylight controls complying with Section C405.2.2.3.2 of the International Energy Conservation Code.
6. Signage used for emergency, life safety or traffic control purposes.

Exception: Shading devices are not required for the following buildings and fenestrations:

1. Buildings located in hurricane-prone regions in accordance with Section 1609.2 of the International Building Code or on any other building with a mean roof height exceeding the height limits specified in Table 1504.2 of the International Building Code based on the exposure category and basic wind speed at the building site.
2. Where fenestration is located in a building wall that is within 18 inches (457 mm) of the lot line.
3. Where equivalent shading of the fenestration is provided by buildings, structures, geological formations, or permanent exterior projections that are not horizontal, as determined by sun angle studies at the peak solar altitude on the spring equinox, and three hours before and after the peak solar altitude on the spring equinox.
4. Where fenestration contains dynamic glazing that has a lower labeled solar heat gain coefficient (SHGC) equal to or less than 0.12, and the ratio of the higher and lower labeled visible transmittance (VT) is greater than or equal to 5. Dynamic glazing shall be automatically controlled to modulate, in multiple steps, the amount of solar gain and light transmitted into the space in response to daylight levels or solar intensity. Functional testing of controls shall be conducted in accordance with Section C408.3.1 of the International Energy Conservation Code.

TABLE 606.2.2.1
ENERGY-EFFICIENCY CRITERIA FOR
GROUND SOURCE HEAT PUMPS

where:

Building cavities and interstitial framing spaces shall be large enough to accommodate the combined diameter of the pipe plus the insulation, plus the full thickness of the insulation plus any other objects in the cavity that the piping must cross.

1. Factory-installed piping within HVAC equipment tested and rated in accordance with Section 606.2.
2. Piping conveying fluids having a design operating temperature range between 60°F (15.6°C) and 105°F (40.6°C).
3. Piping conveying fluids not heated or cooled such as roof and condensate drains, cold water supply, and natural gas piping.
4. Where heat gain or heat loss will not increase energy usage such as liquid refrigerant piping.
5. Piping having an outside diameter of 1 inch (25 mm) or less, associated with strainers, control valves, and balancing valves.

TABLE 606.4
MINIMUM PIPE INSULATION THICKNESS

1. The proportions apply to all nominal pipe diameters greater than ¹/₄ inch and less than or equal to 2 inches. For nominal pipe diameters larger than 2 inches, outside diameter, the minimum wall thickness of the insulation shall be equal to the wall thickness required for 2-inch pipe.
2. These thicknesses are based on energy-efficiency considerations only.

Exception: The use of mixed air temperature limit control shall be permitted for systems controlled from space temperature, such as single-zone systems.

1. Electronic enthalpy controllers are devices that use a combination of humidity and dry-bulb temperature in their switching algorithm.

1. At altitudes substantially different than sea level, the fixed enthalpy limit shall be set to the enthalpy value at 75°F and 50-percent relative humidity. As an example, at approximately 6000 feet elevation the fixed enthalpy limit is approximately 30.7 Btu/lb.
2. Setpoint "A" corresponds to a curve on the psychometric chart that goes through a point at approximately 75°F and 40-percent relative humidity and is nearly parallel to dry-bulb lines at low humidity levels and nearly parallel to enthalpy lines at high-humidity levels.

Exception: Systems in which a water economizer is used and where dehumidification requirements cannot be met using outdoor air temperatures of 50°F (10°C) dry bulb/45°F (7.2°C) wet bulb, shall satisfy 100 percent of the expected system cooling load at 45°F (7.2°C) dry bulb/40°F (4.4°C) wet bulb.

Exception: Economizers on variable air volume (VAV) systems that cause zone level heating to increase because of reduction in supply air temperature.

1. Driven by a mechanical or electrical variable speed drive.
2. Driven by a vane-axial fan with variable-pitch blades.
3. Provided with controls or devices that will result in fan motor demand of not more than 30 percent of its design wattage at 50 percent of design airflow when static pressure set point equals one-third of the total design static pressure, based on manufacturer's certified fan data.

Static pressure sensors used to control VAV fans shall be placed in a position so that the controller set point is not greater than one-third of the total design fan static pressure, except for systems with direct digital control. Where this results in the sensor being located downstream of major duct branching, multiple sensors shall be installed in each major branch to ensure that the static pressure can be maintained in each branch.

For systems with direct digital control of individual zone boxes reporting to the central control panel, the static pressure set point shall be reset based on the zone requiring the most pressure. The set point shall be reset lower until one zone damper is wide open.

1. The ventilation rate required to supply the space conditioning load; or
2. The hood exhaust flow minus the available transfer air from adjacent spaces. For the purposes of this section, available transfer air is considered to be that portion of outdoor ventilation air not required to satisfy other exhaust needs, such as restrooms, and not required to maintain pressurization of adjacent spaces.

Where the total hood exhaust airflow rate of kitchen hoods in the space is greater than 5,000 cfm (2360 L/s) each hood shall have an exhaust rate in not greater than 110 percent of the minimum exhaust rate required by the International Mechanical Code and the ventilation system shall comply with one of the following:

1. Not less than 50 percent of replacement air is transfer air that would otherwise be exhausted.
2. Demand ventilation systems that are capable of reducing exhaust and replacement air system airflow rates by not less than 50 percent for not less than 75 percent of the exhaust air. The demand ventilation system shall include controls necessary to modulate airflow in response to appliance operation and to maintain full capture and containment of smoke, effluent and combustion products during cooking and when idle.
3. Listed energy recovery devices with a sensible heat recovery effectiveness of not less than 40 percent shall provided for not less than 50 percent of the total exhaust air.

Where a single hood, or hood section, is installed over appliances with different duty ratings, the maximum allowable flow rate for the hood or hood section shall be based on the requirements for the appliance with the highest duty rating located under the hood or hood section.

1. A variable air volume (VAV) laboratory exhaust and room supply system capable of reducing exhaust and makeup air flow rates to the minimum required in the International Mechanical Code.
2. A heat recovery system to precondition makeup air from laboratory exhaust so that the percentage that the exhaust and makeup air flow rates can be reduced from design conditions plus the sensible recovery effectiveness percentage totals not less than 50 percent.
3. Direct makeup auxiliary air supply equal to not less than 75 percent of the exhaust air flow rate capable of being heated and cooled to the design temperatures specified in Section C302.1 of the International Energy Conservation Code.

1. An onsite renewable energy system.
2. A heat recovery system.

1. An onsite renewable energy system.
2. A heat recovery system.

1. Group A-2, restaurants and banquet halls;
2. Group F, laundries;
3. Group R-1, boarding houses (transient), hotels (transient), motels (transient);
4. Group R-2 buildings;
5. Group A-3, health clubs and spas; and
6. Group I-2, hospitals, psychiatric hospitals and nursing homes.

1. Factory-installed piping within service water heating equipment tested and rated in accordance with Section 606.4.
2. Piping conveying fluids that is neither heated nor cooled, including cold water supply and natural gas piping.
3. Hot water supply piping exposed under sinks, lavatories and similar fixtures.
4. Hot water distribution piping buried within blown-in or sprayed roof/ceiling insulation, such as fiberglass or cellulose, where the insulation completely and continuously surrounds the pipe.

Exception: For piping other than that located under building slabs, insulation is not required where the insulation manufacturer stipulates that the pipe insulation will maintain its insulating value in underground applications in damp soil where installed in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions.

1. A normally open, momentary contact switch.
2. Motion sensors that make momentary contact when motion is sensed. After the signal is sent, the sensor shall go into a lock out mode for not less than 5 minutes to prevent sending a signal to the electronic controls while the circulation loop is still hot.
3. A flow switch.
4. A door switch.

The controls for the pump shall be electronic and operate on the principal of shutting off the pump with a rise in temperature. Electronic controls shall have a lock-out to prevent operation at temperatures greater than 105°F (41°C) in the event of failure of the device that senses temperature rise. The electronic controls shall have a lock out mode for not more than 5 minutes that prevents extended operation of the pump if the sensor fails or is damaged.

1. Corridors and enclosed stairwells;
2. Storage and stack areas not open to the public; and
3. Parking garages.

1. Where occupant sensor controls are overridden by time switch controls that keep lights on continuously during peak occupancy periods.
2. Means of egress lighting required by the International Building Code or the International Fire Code.

Exception: Exterior lighting need not be controlled for the following occupancies and conditions:

1. Group H occupancies.
2. Group I-3 occupancies
3. Lighting that is connected to occupant sensor controls.
4. Means of egress lighting required by the International Building Code or the International Fire Code.
5. Solar powered luminaires that are not connected to a centralized power source.

1. Toplighting daylit areas where the skylight is located in a portion of the roof that is shaded during the peak sun angle on the summer solstice by permanent features of the building or by permanent features of adjacent buildings.
2. Sidelighting daylit areas where the fenestration is located in an obstructed exterior wall that does not face a public way or a yard or court complying with Section 1206 of the International Building Code or where the distance to any buildings, structures, or geological formations in front of the wall is less than two times the height of the buildings, structures, or geological formations.
3. Daylit areas served by less than 90 watts of lighting.
4. Spaces where medical care is directly provided.
5. Spaces within dwelling units or sleeping units.
6. Lighting required to comply with Section C405.2.3 of the International Energy Conservation Code.

1. In Group B office spaces without furniture systems incorporating wired receptacles, not less than one controlled receptacle shall be provided for each 50 square feet (4.65 m²).
2. In Group B office spaces with furniture systems incorporating wired receptacles, not less than one controlled circuit shall be provided at each electrical outlet used for powering furniture systems.
3. In classrooms in Group B and Group E occupancies, not less than four controlled receptacles shall be provided in each classroom.
4. In copy rooms, print shops, and computer labs, not less than one controlled receptacle shall be provided for each data jack.
5. In spaces with an overhead cabinet above a counter or work surface, not less than one controlled receptacle shall be provided for each work surface.

1. All efficiency values for low-voltage transformers are at 35 percent of nameplate-rated load, determined in accordance with the DOE test procedure. 10 CFR Part 431, Sub-part K, Appendix A.

1. All efficiency values for medium-voltage transformers are at 50 percent of nameplate-rated load, determined in accordance with the DOE test procedure. 10 CFR Part 431, Sub-part K, Appendix A.

1. Where approved because of historical, safety, signage, or emergency lighting considerations.
2. Roadway lighting required by governmental authorities.

1. These products currently have no federal standards. NOTE: U.S. Department of Energy rulemakings are underway or scheduled.

Renewable energy systems shall comply with the requirements of Section 610.2 for solar photovoltaic systems, Section 610.3 for wind systems, or Section 610.4 for solar water heating systems, and Section 610.5 for performance monitoring and metering of these systems as approved by the code official. These systems shall be commissioned in accordance with the requirements of Section 611.

1. Buildings or building sites where there are multiple buildings on the building site providing not less than 2 percent of the total estimated annual energy use of the building, or collective buildings on the site, with onsite renewable energy using a combination of renewable energy generation systems complying with the requirements of Section 610.2, 610.3, or 610.4.
2. Where not less than 4 percent of the total annual building energy consumption from renewable generation takes the form of a 10-year commitment to renewable energy credit ownership, confirmed by the code official.
3. Where the combined application of onsite generated renewable energy and a commitment to renewable energy credit ownership as confirmed by the code official, totals not less than 4 percent of the total annual building energy consumption from renewable generation.

Drawing notes shall clearly indicate provisions for commissioning and completion requirements in accordance with this section and are permitted to refer to specifications for further requirements. Copies of all documentation shall be given to the owner and made available to the code official upon request.

1. A narrative describing the activities that will be accomplished during each phase of commissioning, including guidance on who accomplishes the activities and how they are completed.
2. Equipment and systems to be tested including, but not limited to, the specific equipment, appliances or systems to be tested and the number and extent of tests.
3. Functions to be tested including, but not limited to, calibrations and economizer controls.
4. Conditions under which the test shall be performed including, but not limited to, affirmation of winter and summer design conditions and full outside air.
5. Measurable criteria for performance.

Exception: Fans with fan motor horsepower of 1 hp (735 W) or less.

Exceptions:

1. Pumps with pump motors of 5 hp (3677 W) or less.
2. Where throttling results in not greater than 5 percent of the nameplate horsepower draw above that required if the impeller were trimmed.

1. Each mode as described in the sequence of operation.
2. Redundant or automatic backup mode.
3. Performance of alarms.
4. Mode of operation upon a loss of power and restoration of power.

1. Itemization of deficiencies found during testing required by this section that have not been corrected at the time of report preparation.
2. Deferred tests that cannot be performed at the time of report preparation because of climatic conditions.
3. Climatic conditions required for performance of the deferred tests.

1. Submittal data stating equipment size and selected options for each piece of equipment requiring maintenance.
2. Manufacturer's operation manuals and maintenance manuals for each piece of equipment requiring maintenance, except equipment not furnished as part of the building project. Required routine maintenance shall be clearly identified.
3. Names and addresses of not less than one service agency.

A systems manual shall be provided and shall include all of the following:

1. HVAC controls system maintenance and calibration information, including wiring diagrams, schematics, and control sequence descriptions. Desired or field-determined setpoints shall be permanently recorded on control drawings at control devices or, for digital control systems, in programming comments.
2. A complete narrative of how each system is intended to operate, including recommended setpoints, seasonal changeover information and emergency shutdown operation.
3. Control sequence descriptions for lighting, domestic hot water heating and all renewable energy systems complete with a description of how these systems connect to, and are controlled in conjunction with, the overall building system.

1. Results of all functional performance tests.
2. Disposition of all deficiencies found during testing, including details of corrective measures used or proposed.
3. All functional performance test procedures used during the commissioning process including measurable criteria for test acceptance, provided herein for repeatability.

Exception: Deferred tests that were not performed at the time of report preparation because of climatic conditions.

Drawing notes shall specify the provisions for commissioning and completion requirements in accordance with this section and are permitted to refer to specifications for further requirements. Copies of all documentation shall be given to the owner and made available to the code official upon request in accordance with Sections 611.2.4 and 611.2.5

1. It shall be verified that the placement and orientation of each sensor is consistent with the manufacturer's instructions. If not, the sensor shall be relocated or replaced.
2. Control systems shall be initially calibrated to meet settings and design intent established in the construction documents.
3. Prior to calibration of systems controlling dimmable luminaires, all lamps shall be seasoned in accordance with the recommendations of the lamp manufacturer.
4. Where located inside buildings, calibration of open-loop daylight controls, which receive illumination from natural light only, shall not occur until fenestration shading devices such as blinds or shades have been installed and commissioned.
5. Calibration of closed-loop daylight controls, that receive illumination from both natural and artificial light, shall not occur until furniture systems and interior finishes have been installed, and any fenestration shading devices such as blinds or shades have been installed and commissioned.
6. Calibration procedures shall be in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions.

1. Settings determined during commissioning activities outlined in Section 611.3.3.
2. A narrative describing the intent and functionality of all controls including any capability for users to override a schedule or master command.
3. Specification sheets for all lighting equipment and controls.
4. Operation manuals for each lighting control device. Required maintenance and maintenance schedules shall be clearly identified. Documentation and instructions necessary for building maintenance personnel to maintain and recalibrate lighting systems and controls.
5. An annual inspection schedule for lighting controls.
6. Troubleshooting information for fluorescent dimming systems and the remediation of switching issues such as false-ons and false-offs.

Construction documents shall specify the provisions for commissioning and completion requirements in accordance with this section and are permitted to refer to specifications for further requirements. Copies of all documentation shall be given to the building owner and made available to the code official upon request in accordance with Sections 611.4.1 and 611.4.2.