Heads up:
There are no suggested sections in this chapter.
Heads up:
There are no amended sections in this chapter.
| Adopting agency | BSC | BSC-CG | SFM | HCD | DSA | OSHPD | BSCC | DPH | AGR | DWR | CEC | CA | SL | SLC | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 2 | 1-AC | AC | SS | SS/CC | 1 | 1R | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | ||||||||||||
| Adopt entire chapter | X | X | X | X | X | ||||||||||||||||||
| Adopt entire chapter as amended (amended sections listed below) |
X | X | X | X | X | X | X | ||||||||||||||||
| Adopt only those sections that are listed below |
X | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Chapter / Section | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| 902.2 | X | X | X | X | X | ||||||||||||||||||
| 911.0 | X | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 911.1 | X | X | X | X | X | ||||||||||||||||||
| 911.2.2 | †| †| |||||||||||||||||||||
| 912.1 | †| †| |||||||||||||||||||||
| 912.2(1) | X | X | |||||||||||||||||||||
| 916.2.1 | X | X | |||||||||||||||||||||
| 916.2.1.1 | X | X | |||||||||||||||||||||
| 930.0 | †| †| |||||||||||||||||||||
| 930.1 | †| †| |||||||||||||||||||||
The Office of the State Fire Marshal's adoption of this chapter or individual sections is applicable to structures regulated by other state agencies pursuant to Section 1.11.0.
This chapter addresses requirements for
the design, construction, and installation of specific appliances.
In addition to the requirements of this chapter, appliances shall
comply with the general requirements of Chapter 3.
This chapter is applicable
primarily to nonindustrial-type appliances and installations
and, unless specifically indicated, does not apply to
industrial-type appliances and installations. Listed appliances
shall be installed in accordance with their listing and the manufacturer's
installation instructions or, as elsewhere specified
in this chapter, as applicable to the appliance. Unlisted appliances
shall be installed as specified in this part as applicable
to the appliances. For additional information concerning particular
appliances and accessories, including industrial types,
reference can be made to the standards listed in Chapter 17.
Appliances shall not be installed so their combustion, ventilation,
and dilution air are obtained only from a bedroom or
bathroom unless the bedroom or bathroom has the required
volume in accordance with Section 701.4. [NFPA 54:10.1.2]
[OSHPD 1, 1R, 2, 4 & 5] Warm air furnaces shall not be installed under openable windows on exterior walls.
[OSHPD 1, 1R, 2, 4 & 5] Warm air furnaces shall not be installed under openable windows on exterior walls.
When additional
or replacement appliances or equipment is installed or
an appliance is converted to gas from another fuel, the location in which the appliances or equipment is to be operated
shall be checked to verify the following:
- Air for combustion and ventilation is provided where required, in accordance with the provisions of Section 701.0. Where existing facilities are not adequate, they shall be upgraded to meet Section 701.0 specifications.
- The installation components and appliances meet the clearances to combustible material provisions of Section 303.10. It shall be determined that the installation and operation of the additional or replacement appliances do not render the remaining appliances unsafe for continued operation.
- The venting system is constructed and sized in accordance with the provisions of Section 802.0. Where the existing venting system is not adequate, it shall be upgraded to comply with Section 802.0. [NFPA 54:9.1.2]
The appliance shall be connected
to the fuel gas for which it was designed. No attempt shall be
made to convert the appliance from the gas specified on the
rating plate for use with a different gas without consulting the
manufacturer's installation instructions, the serving gas supplier,
or the appliance manufacturer for complete instructions. [NFPA 54:9.1.3]
Unlisted appliances for use with
undiluted LP-Gases and installed indoors, except attended laboratory equipment, shall be equipped with safety shutoff
devices of the complete shutoff type. [NFPA 54:9.1.4]
The fuel input rate to the appliance shall not be increased or decreased in violation of the
approved rating at the altitude where it is being used.
Where
air or oxygen under pressure is used in connection with the
gas supply, effective means such as a back pressure regulator
and relief valve shall be provided to prevent air or oxygen
from passing back into the gas piping. Where oxygen is used,
installation shall be in accordance with NFPA 51. [NFPA
54:9.1.5]
Appliances and equipment shall be furnished either with load-distributing
bases or with a sufficient number of supports to prevent damage to either the building structure or the appliance and the equipment. [NFPA 54:9.1.8.1]
At the locations selected for installation of appliances and equipment, the dynamic
and static load-carrying capacities of the building structure
shall be checked to determine whether they are adequate to carry the additional loads. The appliances and
equipment shall be supported and shall be connected to
the piping so as not to exert undue stress on the connections.
[NFPA 54:9.1.8.2]
Appliances shall not be installed in areas where the open use, handling, or dispensing
of flammable liquids occurs, unless the design, operation, or
installation reduces the potential of ignition of the flammable
vapors. Appliances installed in compliance with Section
305.1 through Section 305.1.2, Section 303.11, or Section
303.12 shall be considered to comply with the intent of this
provision. [NFPA 54:9.1.9]
Unless otherwise specified, solid-fuel burning appliances shall be installed
in accordance with NFPA 211 and the manufacturer's installation
instructions.
A combination of appliances, equipment, attachments, or
devices used together in a manner shall be in accordance with
the standards that apply to the individual appliance and equipment. [NFPA 54:9.1.21]
Non-direct-vent appliances installed in beauty shops, barber shops,
or other facilities where chemicals that generate corrosive or
flammable products such as aerosol sprays are routinely used
shall be located in a mechanical room separate or partitioned off from other areas with provisions for combustion and dilution
air from outdoors. Direct-vent appliances in such facilities shall be in accordance with the appliance manufacturer's
installation instructions. [NFPA 54:9.1.6.2]
In addition to air needed for combustion
in commercial or industrial processes, process air shall be
provided as required for cooling of appliances, equipment, or
material; for controlling dew point, heating, drying, oxidation,
dilution, safety exhaust, odor control, and air for compressors;
and for comfort and proper working conditions for
personnel. [NFPA 54:9.1.7]
Venting of gas appliance pressure regulators shall comply
with the following requirements:
- Appliance pressure regulators requiring access to the atmosphere for successful operation shall be equipped with vent piping leading outdoors or, if the regulator vent is an integral part of the appliance, into the combustion chamber adjacent to a continuous pilot, unless constructed or equipped with a vent limiting means to limit the escape of gas from the vent opening in the event of diaphragm failure.
- Vent limiting means shall be employed on listed appliance pressure regulators only.
- In the case of vents leading outdoors, means shall be employed to prevent water from entering this piping and also to prevent blockage of vents by insects and foreign matter.
- Under no circumstances shall a regulator be vented to the appliance flue or exhaust system.
- In the case of vents entering the combustion chamber, the vent shall be located so the escaping gas is readily ignited by the pilot and the heat liberated thereby does not adversely affect the normal operation of the safety shutoff system. The terminus of the vent shall be securely held in a fixed position relative to the pilot. For manufactured gas, the need for a flame arrester in the vent piping shall be determined.
- A vent line(s) from an appliance pressure regulator and a bleed line(s) from a diaphragm-type valve shall not be connected to a common manifold terminating in a combustion chamber. Vent lines shall not terminate in positive-pressure- type combustion chambers. [NFPA 54:9.1.19]
Bleed lines shall comply with the following requirements:
- Diaphragm-type valves shall be equipped to convey bleed gas to the outdoors or into the combustion chamber adjacent to a continuous pilot.
- In the case of bleed lines leading outdoors, means shall be employed to prevent water from entering this piping and also to prevent blockage of vents by insects and foreign matter.
- Bleed lines shall not terminate in the appliance flue or exhaust system.
- In the case of bleed lines entering the combustion chamber, the bleed line shall be located so the bleed gas is readily ignited by the pilot and the heat liberated thereby does not adversely affect the normal operation of the safety shutoff system. The terminus of the bleed line shall be securely held in a fixed position relative to the pilot. For manufactured gas, the need for a flame arrester in the bleed line piping shall be determined.
- A bleed line(s) from a diaphragm-type valve and a vent line(s) from an appliance pressure regulator shall not be connected to a common manifold terminating in a combustion chamber. Bleed lines shall not terminate in positive-pressure-type combustion chambers. [NFPA 54:9.1.20]
Electric air conditioning
systems designed for permanent installation shall comply
with UL 1995 or UL 60335-2-40.
Gas-fired air conditioners shall comply with Section 903.2.1
through Section 903.2.7.
Gas piping serving
heating appliances shall be permitted to also serve cooling appliances where heating and cooling appliances
cannot be operated simultaneously. [NFPA 54:10.2.1]
To protect against the effects of normal
vibration in service, gas engines shall not be rigidly connected
to the gas supply piping. [NFPA 54:10.2.2]
The installation of air-conditioning appliances shall comply
with the following requirements:
- Listed air-conditioning appliances shall be installed with clearances in accordance with the terms of their listing and the manufacturer's installation instructions.
- Unlisted air-conditioning appliances shall be installed with clearances from combustible material of not less than 18 inches (457 mm) above the appliance and at the sides, front, rear and in accordance with the manufacturer's installation instructions. [NFPA 54:10.2.3(2)]
- Listed and unlisted air-conditioning appliances shall be permitted to be installed with reduced clearances to combustible material, provided that the combustible material or appliance is protected as described in Table 303.10.1 and such reduction is allowed by the manufacturer's installation instructions. [NFPA 54:10.2.3(3)]
- Where the furnace plenum is adjacent to plaster on metal lath or noncombustible material attached to combustible material, the clearance shall be measured to the surface of the plaster or other noncombustible finish where the clearance specified is 2 inches (51 mm) or less. [NFPA 54:10.2.3(4)]
- Listed air-conditioning appliances shall have the clearance from supply ducts, within 3 feet (914 mm) of the furnace plenum be not less than that specified from the furnace plenum. No clearance is necessary beyond this distance. [NFPA 54:10.2.3(5)]
Air-conditioning
appliances shall be installed in accordance with the manufacturer's
installation instructions. Unless the appliance is
listed for installation on a combustible surface, such as a
floor or roof, or unless the surface is protected in an
approved manner, it shall be installed on a surface of noncombustible
construction with noncombustible material
and surface finish and with no combustible material
against the underside thereof. [NFPA 54:10.2.4]
A furnace
plenum supplied as a part of the air-conditioning appliance
shall be installed in accordance with the manufacturer's
instructions. Where a furnace plenum is not supplied with
the appliance, any fabrication and installation instructions
provided by the manufacturer shall be followed. The
method of connecting supply and return ducts shall facilitate
proper circulation of air. Where the air conditioner is
installed within an enclosure, the installation shall comply
with Section 904.7.3. [NFPA 54:10.2.5]
The installation of refrigeration
coils shall be in accordance with Section 904.8 and
Section 904.9. [NFPA 54:10.2.6]
Means
for interrupting the electrical supply to the air-conditioning
appliance and to its associated cooling tower (if supplied
and installed in a location remote from the air
conditioner) shall be provided within sight of and not over
50 feet (15240 mm) from the air conditioner and the cooling
tower. [NFPA 54:10.2.7]
Central heating furnace and low-pressure
boiler installations in bedrooms or bathrooms shall comply
with one of the following:
- Central heating furnaces and low-pressure boilers shall be permitted to be installed in a closet located in the bedroom or bathroom, provided the closet is equipped with a listed, gasketed door assembly, and a listed self-closing device. The self-closing door assembly shall comply with the requirements of Section 904.1.1. The door assembly shall be installed with a threshold and bottom door seal and shall comply with the requirements of Section 904.1.2. Combustion air for such installations shall be obtained from the outdoors. The closet shall be for the exclusive use of the central heating furnace or low-pressure boiler.
- Central heating furnaces and low-pressure boilers shall be of the direct-vent type.
Self-closing doors shall
swing easily and freely, and shall be equipped with a self-closing
device to cause the door to close and latch each
time it is opened. The closing mechanism shall not have
a hold-open feature.
Gasketing on gasketed doors or
frames shall be furnished in accordance with the published
listings of the door, frame, or gasketing material
manufacturer.
Exception: Where acceptable to the Authority Having
Jurisdiction, gasketing of noncombustible or limited-combustible
material shall be permitted to be applied to
the frame, provided closing and latching of the door are
not inhibited.
Central heating furnaces and low-pressure
boilers shall be provided with clearances in accordance
with Section 904.2.1 through Section 904.2.9.
Listed central heating furnaces and low-pressure boilers shall be installed with clearances
in accordance with the terms of their listings and
the manufacturer's installation instructions.
Unlisted central-heating furnaces and low pressure boilers shall be installed with
clearances from combustible material not less than those
specified in Table 904.2.2. [NFPA 54:10.3.2.2]
For SI units: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, °C = (°F-32)/1.8, 1 pound-force per square inch = 6.8947 kPa
* See Section 904.1 for additional requirements for central heating boilers and furnaces.
| MINIMUM CLEARANCE (inches) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| APPLIANCE | ABOVE AND SIDES OF FURNACE PLENUM | TOP OF BOILER | JACKET SIDES AND REAR | FRONT | DRAFT HOOD AND BAROMETRIC DRAFT REGULATOR | SINGLE-WALL VENT CONNECTOR |
1. Automatically fired, forced air or gravity system, equipped with temperature limit control that is not capable of being set to exceed 250°F. |
6 | - | 6 | 18 | 6 | 18 |
| 6 | 6 | 6 | 18 | 18 | 18 | |
3. Central heating boilers and furnaces, other than in 1 or 2. |
18 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 |
* See Section 904.1 for additional requirements for central heating boilers and furnaces.
Listed and unlisted central heating furnaces and low-pressure boilers
shall be permitted to be installed with reduced clearances
to combustible material, provided that the combustible material or appliance is protected as described in Table
303.10.1 and Figure 303.10.1(1) through Figure
303.10.1(3), and such reduction is allowed by the manufacturer's
installation instructions. [NFPA 54:10.3.2.3]
Front clearance shall be sufficient for servicing the burner and the furnace or boiler. [NFPA 54:10.3.2.4]
Where the furnace plenum is adjacent to
plaster on metal lath or noncombustible material attached
to combustible material, the clearance shall be measured
to the surface of the plaster or other noncombustible finish
where the clearance specified is 2 inches (51 mm) or
less. [NFPA 54:10.3.2.5]
The clearances to these appliances shall not interfere with combustion air, draft hood
clearance and relief, and accessibility for servicing.
[NFPA 54:10.3.2.6]
Supply air ducts connecting to listed central heating furnaces
shall have the same minimum clearance to combustibles
as required for the furnace supply plenum for a
distance of not less than 3 feet (914 mm) from the supply
plenum. Clearance shall not be required beyond the 3 feet (914 mm) distance. [NFPA 54:10.3.2.7]
Supply air ducts connecting to unlisted central heating furnaces
equipped with temperature limit controls with a
maximum setting of 250°F (121°C) shall have a minimum
clearance to combustibles of 6 inches (152 mm) for a distance
of not less than 6 feet (1829 mm) from the furnace
supply plenum. Clearance shall not be required beyond the
6 feet (1829 mm) distance. [NFPA 54:10.3.2.8]
Central heating
furnaces other than those listed in Section 904.2.7 or Section
904.2.8 shall have clearances from the supply ducts
of not less than 18 inches (457 mm) from the furnace
plenum for the first 3 feet (914 mm), then 6 inches (152
mm) for the next 3 feet (914 mm) and 1 inch (25.4 mm)
beyond 6 feet (1829 mm). [NFPA 54:10.3.2.9]
A central-heating
boiler or furnace shall be installed in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions in one of the following manners:
- On a floor of noncombustible construction with noncombustible flooring, and surface finish and with no combustible material against the underside thereof.
- On fire-resistive slabs or arches having no combustible material against the underside thereof.
Exceptions:
- Appliances listed for installation on a combustible floor.
- Installation on a floor protected in an approved manner. [NFPA 54:10.3.3]
Furnaces installed
in an under-floor area of the building shall be in accordance
with the Section 904.3.1.1 through Section
904.3.1.3.
Where a furnace
is supported by the ground, it shall be installed
on a concrete slab not less than 3 inches (76 mm)
above the adjoining ground level.
Where a furnace
is supported from above, a clearance of not less
than 6 inches (152 mm) shall be provided from finished
grade.
Where excavation is necessary
to install a furnace, it shall be installed in
accordance with Section 303.11.
Steam and hot water boilers, respectively, shall be provided
with approved automatic limiting devices for shutting down
the burner(s) to prevent boiler steam pressure or boiler water
temperature from exceeding the maximum allowable working
pressure or temperature. Safety limit controls shall not be
used as operating controls. [NFPA 54:10.3.4]
All water boilers and steam boilers shall be provided with an automatic means to shut off the
fuel supply to the burner(s) if the boiler water level drops below the lowest safe water line. In lieu of the low-water cutoff,
water tube or coil-type boilers that require forced circulation
to prevent overheating and failure shall have an
approved flow sensing device arranged to shut down the
boiler when the flow rate is inadequate to protect the boiler against overheating. [NFPA 54:10.3.5]
Steam and hot water boilers shall be equipped, respectively,
with listed or approved steam safety or pressure-relief valves
of appropriate discharge capacity and conforming with ASME requirements. A shutoff valve shall not be placed
between the relief valve and the boiler or on discharge pipes
between such valves and the atmosphere. [NFPA 54:10.3.6]
Relief valves shall be piped to discharge
near the floor. [NFPA 54:10.3.6.1]
A furnace
plenum supplied as a part of a furnace shall be installed
in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions.
[NFPA 54:10.3.7.2]
The installation of refrigeration
coils shall comply with the following requirements:
- A refrigeration coil shall not be installed in conjunction with a forced-air furnace where circulation of cooled air is provided by the furnace blower, unless the blower has the capacity to overcome the external static pressure resistance imposed by the duct system and refrigeration coil at the air flow rate for heating or cooling, whichever is greater.
- Furnaces shall not be located upstream from refrigeration coils, unless the refrigeration coil is designed or equipped so as not to develop excessive temperature or pressure.
- Refrigeration coils shall be installed in parallel with or on the downstream side of central furnaces to avoid condensation in the heating element, unless the furnace has been specifically listed for downstream installation. With a parallel flow arrangement, the dampers or other means used to control flow of air shall be tight to prevent a circulation of cooled air through the furnace.
- Means shall be provided for disposal of condensate and to prevent dripping of condensate on the heating element. [NFPA 54:10.3.8]
Where hot-water-heating boilers are connected to heating
coils located in air-handling units where they can be
exposed to refrigerated air circulation, such boiler piping
systems shall be equipped with flow control valves or
other automatic means to prevent gravity circulation of the
boiler water during the cooling cycle. [NFPA 54:10.3.9.2]
Upright furnaces
shall be permitted to be installed in an attic, furred, or
under-floor space exceeding 5 feet (1524 mm) in height, provided
the required listings and furnace and duct clearances are
observed. Horizontal furnaces shall be permitted to be
installed in an attic, furred, or under-floor space, provided the
required listings and furnace and duct clearances are observed.
Factory-built solid-fuel-fired furnaces shall comply with UL 391 and shall be installed in accordance with the manufacturer's installation
instructions.
Oil-fired central furnaces
shall comply with UL 727 and shall be installed in accordance with the manufacturer's installation instructions.
Commercial
or industrial gas-fired heaters shall comply with UL 795 and shall be installed in accordance with the manufacturer's installation instructions.
Electric central heating
furnaces shall comply with UL 1995 and shall be installed
in accordance with the manufacturer's installation instructions.
The installation of duct furnaces shall
comply with the following clearance requirements:
- Listed duct furnaces shall be installed with clearances of not less than 6 inches (152 mm) between adjacent walls, ceilings, and floors of combustible material and the furnace draft hood. Furnaces listed for installation at lesser clearances shall be installed in accordance with their listings and the manufacturer's installation instructions. In no case shall the clearance be such as to interfere with combustion air and accessibility.
- Unlisted duct furnaces shall be installed with clearances to combustible material in accordance with the clearances specified for unlisted furnaces and boilers in Table 904.2.2. Combustible floors under unlisted duct furnaces shall be protected in an approved manner.
Duct furnaces shall
be installed in accordance with the manufacturer's installation
instructions. [NFPA 54:10.10.2]
The ducts connected to duct furnaces
shall have removable access panels on both the
upstream and downstream sides of the furnace. [NFPA
54:10.10.3]
The controls,
combustion-air inlet, and draft hoods for duct furnaces
shall be located outside the ducts. The draft hood shall be
located in the same enclosure from which combustion air is
taken. [NFPA 54:10.10.4]
Where a duct furnace is installed so
that supply ducts carry air circulated by the furnace to areas
outside the space containing the furnace, the return air shall also be handled by a duct(s) sealed to the furnace casing and
terminating outside the space containing the furnace. The duct
furnace shall be installed on the positive-pressure side of the
circulating air blower. [NFPA 54:10.10.5]
A duct furnace shall not be installed in conjunction
with a refrigeration coil where circulation of cooled air is provided by the blower.
Exception: Where the blower has sufficient capacity to overcome
the external static resistance imposed by the duct system,
furnace, and the cooling coil and the air throughput
necessary for heating or cooling, whichever is greater. [NFPA 54:10.10.6.1]
Duct furnaces used in conjunction with cooling appliances
shall be installed in parallel with or on the
upstream side of cooling coils to avoid condensation
within heating elements. With a parallel flow arrangement,
the dampers or other means used to control the flow of air shall be sufficiently tight to prevent any circulation
of cooled air through the unit.
Exception: Where the duct furnace has been specifically
listed for downstream installation. [NFPA 54:10.10.6.2]
Where duct furnaces are to be located upstream from
cooling units, the cooling unit shall be so designed or
equipped as to not develop excessive temperatures or
pressures. [NFPA 54:10.10.6.3]
Where a duct furnace is
installed downstream of an evaporative cooler or air
washer, the heat exchanger shall be constructed of corrosion-
resistant materials. Stainless steel, ceramic-coated
steel, and an aluminum-coated steel in which the bond
between the steel and the aluminum is an iron-aluminum
alloy are considered to be corrosion resistant. Air washers
operating with chilled water that deliver air below the dew point of the ambient air at the duct furnace shall be
considered as refrigeration systems. [NFPA 54:10.10.6.4]
Duct furnaces installed in garages for more
than three motor vehicles or in aircraft hangars shall be of a listed type and shall be installed in accordance with Section 303.11 and Section 303.12. [NFPA 54:10.10.7]
Electric duct heaters installed within an air duct shall be listed and labeled in accordance
with UL 1996 and designed for the maximum air temperature.
The duct heater and fan shall be interlocked such that the electric
duct heater operates when the fan is operating.
A working space clearance shall
be maintained to permit replacement of controls and
heating elements and for adjusting and cleaning of controls. The working space for energized equipment shall
comply with the California Electrical Code.
The installation of floor furnaces shall
comply with the following requirements:
- Listed floor furnaces shall be installed in accordance with their listing and the manufacturer's installation instructions.
- Unlisted floor furnaces shall not be installed on combustible floors.
- Thermostats controlling floor furnaces shall not be located in a room or space that is capable of being separated from the room or space in which the register of the floor furnace is located.
Floor furnaces shall
be provided with temperature limit controls in accordance
with the following requirements:
- Listed automatically operated floor furnaces shall be equipped with temperature limit controls. [NFPA 54:10.11.2.1]
- Unlisted automatically operated floor furnaces shall be equipped with a temperature limit control arranged to shut off the flow of gas to the burner in the event the temperature at the warm air outlet register exceeds 350°F (177°C) above room temperature. [NFPA 54:10.11.2.2]
Combustion and
circulating air shall be provided in accordance with Section
701.0. [NFPA 54:10.11.3]
The following provisions apply to furnaces
that serve one story:
- Floors. Floor furnaces shall not be installed in the floor of any doorway, stairway landing, aisle, or passageway of any enclosure, public or private, or in an exitway from any such room or space.
- Walls and Corners. The register of a floor furnace with a horizontal warm air outlet shall not be placed closer than 6 inches (152 mm) from the nearest wall. A distance of at least 18 inches (457 mm) from two adjoining sides of the floor furnace register to walls shall be provided to eliminate the necessity of occupants walking over the warm air discharge. The remaining sides shall be a minimum of 6 inches (152 mm) from a wall. Wall register models shall not be placed closer than 6 inches (152 mm) to a corner.
- Draperies. The furnace shall be placed so that a door, drapery, or similar object cannot be nearer than 12 inches (305 mm) to any portion of the register of the furnace. [NFPA 54:10.11.4]
The space provided for the furnace shall be
framed with doubled joists and with headers not lighter than
the joists. [NFPA 54:10.11.5]
Means shall be provided to support the furnace
where the floor register is removed. [NFPA 54:10.11.6]
The lowest portion of the floor furnace shall
have at least a 6 inch (152 mm) clearance from the general
ground level. A reduced clearance to a minimum of 2 inches (51 mm) shall be permitted, provided the lower 6 inches (152 mm)
portion of the floor furnace is sealed by the manufacturer to prevent
entrance of water. Where these clearances are not present,
the ground below and to the sides shall be excavated to form a
"basin-like" pit under the furnace so that the required clearance
is provided beneath the lowest portion of the furnace. A 12 inch (305 mm) clearance shall be provided on all sides except the
control side, which has an 18 inch (457 mm) clearance. [NFPA
54:10.11.7]
The space in which a floor furnace is
installed shall be accessible by an opening in the foundation
not less than 24 inches by 18 inches (610 mm by 457 mm) or
by a trap door not less than 24 inches by 24 inches (610 mm
by 610 mm) in a cross-section thereof, and a passageway not
less than 24 inches by 18 inches (610 mm by 457 mm) in a
cross-section thereof. [NFPA 54:10.11.8]
Where the excavation exceeds 12 inches (305 mm) in depth or water seepage is likely to collect, a watertight
copper pan, concrete pit, or other approved material shall be used, unless adequate drainage is provided or the appliance
is sealed by the manufacturer to meet this condition. A copper
pan shall be made of not less than 16 ounces per square foot
(oz/ft2) (4.9 kg/m2) sheet copper. The pan shall be anchored in
place so as to prevent floating, and the walls shall extend at least
4 inches (102 mm) above the ground level with at least a 6
inches (152 mm) clearance on all sides, except the control side,
which shall have at least an 18 inch (457 mm) clearance. [NFPA 54:10.11.9]
Floor furnaces shall be protected,
where necessary, against severe wind conditions. [NFPA
54:10.11.10]
Listed floor furnaces
shall be permitted to be installed in an upper floor, provided
the furnace assembly projects below into a utility room,
closet, garage, or similar nonhabitable space. In such installations,
the floor furnace shall be enclosed completely
(entirely separated from the nonhabitable space) with means
for air intake to meet the provisions of Section 701.0, with access for servicing, minimum furnace clearances of 6 inches
(152 mm) to all sides and bottom, and with the enclosure constructed
of portland cement plaster or metal lath or other noncombustible
material. [NFPA 54:10.11.11]
Listed floor furnaces
installed in the first or ground floors of buildings shall not be
required to be enclosed unless the basements of these buildings
have been converted to apartments or sleeping quarters,
in which case the floor furnace shall be enclosed as specified
for upper floor installations and shall project into a nonhabitable
space. [NFPA 54:10.11.12]
Oil-fired floor furnaces
shall comply with UL 729 and installed in accordance with
the manufacturer's installation instructions.
Listed wall furnaces shall be installed in
accordance with their listings and the manufacturer's installation
instructions. Wall furnaces installed in or attached to combustible material shall be listed for such installation.
Unlisted wall furnaces shall not be installed in or attached to combustible material. [NFPA 54:10.26.1.2]
Vented wall furnaces connected to a Type B-W gas vent system listed only for
a single story shall be installed only in single-story buildings
or the top story of multistory buildings. Vented wall
furnaces connected to a Type B-W gas vent system listed
for installation in multistory buildings shall be permitted
to be installed in single-story or multistory buildings.
Type B-W gas vents shall be attached directly to a solid
header plate that serves as a firestop at that point and that
shall be permitted to be an integral part of the vented wall
furnace, as illustrated in Figure 907.1.2. The stud space
in which the vented wall furnace is installed shall be ventilated
at the first ceiling level by installation of the ceiling
plate spacers furnished with the gas vent. Firestop
spacers shall be installed at each subsequent ceiling or
floor level penetrated by the vent. [NFPA 54:10.26.1.3]
For SI units: 1 inch = 25.4 mmFIGURE 907.1.2
INSTALLATION OF TYPE B-W GAS VENTS FOR VENTED WALL FURNACES
[NFPA 54: FIGURE 10.26.1.3]
For SI units: 1 inch = 25.4 mm
INSTALLATION OF TYPE B-W GAS VENTS FOR VENTED WALL FURNACES
[NFPA 54: FIGURE 10.26.1.3]
Direct-vent wall furnaces shall be installed with the vent-air intake terminal
in the outdoors. The thickness of the walls on which
the furnace is mounted shall be within the range of wall
thickness marked on the furnace and covered in the manufacturer's
installation instructions. [NFPA 54:10.26.1.4]
Panels,
grilles, and access doors that are required to be removed
for normal servicing operations shall not be attached to
the building. For additional information on the venting of
wall furnaces, see Section 802.0. [NFPA 54:10.26.1.5]
Wall furnaces shall be located so as not to
cause a hazard to walls, floors, curtains, furniture, or doors.
Wall furnaces installed between bathrooms and adjoining
rooms shall not circulate air from bathrooms to other parts of
the building. [NFPA 54:10.26.2]
Combustion and
circulating air shall be provided in accordance with Section
701.0. [NFPA 54:10.26.3]
Oil-fired wall furnaces
shall comply with UL 730 and installed in accordance with
the manufacturer's installation instructions.
Commercial electric
clothes dryers shall comply with UL 1240 and installed in
accordance with the manufacturer's installation instructions.
Residential and coin-operated electric clothes dryers shall
comply with UL 215 8 and installed in accordance with the
manufacturer's installation instructions.
The installation of clothes dryers
shall comply with the following requirements:
- Listed Type 1 clothes dryers shall be installed with a clearance of not less than 6 inches (152 mm) from adjacent combustible material. Clothes dryers listed for installation at reduced clearances shall be installed in accordance with their listing and the manufacturer's installation instructions. Type 1 clothes dryers installed in closets shall be listed for such installation.
- Listed Type 2 clothes dryers shall be installed with clearances of not less than that shown on the marking plate and in the manufacturer's instructions. Type 2 clothes dryers designed and marked, "For use only in noncombustible locations," shall not be installed elsewhere.
- Unlisted clothes dryers shall be installed with clearances to combustible material of not less than 18 inches (457 mm). Combustible floors under unlisted clothes dryers shall be protected in an approved manner.
Type 1 and
Type 2 clothes dryers shall be exhausted to the outside air
in accordance with Section 504.4.
Clothes dryers
installed for multiple-family or public use shall be
equipped with approved safety shutoff devices and shall
be installed as specified for a Type 2 clothes dryer in
accordance with Section 504.4.3.1. [NFPA 54:10.4.6]
Installation of conversion burners shall comply
with CSA Z21.8. [NFPA 54:10.5]
Oil burners shall comply with UL 296 and
installed in accordance with the manufacturer's installation
instructions.
Commercial gas burners shall comply
with UL 295 and installed in accordance with the manufacturer's
installation instructions.
Decorative appliances for
installation in vented fireplaces shall not be installed in bathrooms
or bedrooms unless the appliance is listed and the bedroom
or bathroom has the required volume in accordance with
Section 701.4. [NFPA 54:10.6.1] [OSHPD 1, 1R, 2, 4 & 5] A vented decorative appliance shall not be located in any hospital,
skilled nursing facility, intermediate care facility, or correctional treatment center.
A decorative appliance for installation
in a vented fireplace shall be installed only in a vented fireplace having a working chimney flue and constructed of noncombustible
materials. These appliances shall not be
thermostatically controlled. [NFPA 54:10.6.2]
For SI units: 1 foot = 304.8 min, 1000 British thermal units per hour = 0.293 kW, 1 square inch = 0.000645 m2
| MINIMUM PERMANENT FREE OPENING (square inches)* | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CHIMNEY HEIGHT (feet) | 8 | 13 | 20 | 29 | 39 | 51 | 64 |
| APPLIANCE INPUT RATING (Btu/h) | |||||||
| 6 | 7800 | 14000 | 23200 | 34000 | 46400 | 62400 | 80000 |
| 8 | 8400 | 15200 | 25200 | 37000 | 50400 | 68000 | 86000 |
| 10 | 9000 | 16800 | 27600 | 40400 | 55800 | 74400 | 96400 |
| 15 | 9800 | 18200 | 30200 | 44600 | 62400 | 84000 | 108800 |
| 20 | 10600 | 20200 | 32600 | 50400 | 68400 | 94000 | 122200 |
| 30 | 11200 | 21600 | 36600 | 55200 | 76800 | 105800 | 138600 |
* The first six minimum permanent free openings [8 square inches (0.005 m2) to 51 square inches (0.03 m2)] correspond to the cross-sectional areas of chimneys
having diameters of 3 inches (76 mm) through 8 inches (203 mm), respectively. The 64 square inch (0.04 m2) opening corresponds to the cross-sectional
area of a standard 8 inch (203 mm) by 8 inch (203 mm) chimney tile.
A listed decorative appliance for installation in a vented fireplace shall
be installed in accordance with its listing and the manufacturer's
installation instructions.
An unlisted decorative appliance for installation in a vented fireplace
shall be installed in a fireplace having a permanent free
opening, based on appliance input rating and chimney
height, equal to or greater than that specified in Table 911.2. [NFPA 54:10.6.2.3]
A fireplace screen shall be installed
with a decorative appliance for installation in a vented fireplace. [NFPA 54:10.6.3]
Reserved.
The installation of vented gas fireplaces
shall comply with the following requirements:
- [HCD 1 & HCD 2] Any newly installed gas fireplace shall be a direct-vent sealed-combustion type.
- Listed vented gas fireplaces shall be installed in accordance with their listing and the manufacturer's installation instructions and where installed in or attached to combustible material shall be specifically listed for such installation.
- Unlisted vented gas fireplaces shall not be installed in or attached to combustible material. They shall have a clearance at the sides and rear of not less than 18 inches (457 mm). Combustible floors under unlisted vented gas fireplaces shall be protected in an approved manner. Unlisted appliances of other than the direct-vent type shall be equipped with a draft hood and shall be vented in accordance with Section 802.0. Appliances that use metal, asbestos, or ceramic material to direct radiation to the front of the appliance shall have a clearance of 36 inches (914 mm) in front and, where constructed with a double back of metal or ceramic, shall be installed with a clearance of not less than 18 inches (457 mm) at the sides and 12 inches (305 mm) at the rear.
- Panels, grilles, and access doors that are required to be removed for normal servicing operations shall not be attached to the building.
- Direct-vent gas fireplaces shall be installed with the vent-air intake terminal in the outdoors and in accordance with the manufacturer's installation instructions.
Combustion and
circulating air shall be provided in accordance with Section
701.0. [NFPA 54:10.7.3]
Factory-built fireplaces
shall comply with UL 127 and installed in accordance with
the manufacturer's installation instructions.
A gasketed fireplace
door shall not be installed on a factory-built fireplace,
except where the fireplace system has been tested
in accordance with UL 127.
Fireplace stoves shall comply
with UL 737 and installed in accordance with the manufacturer's installation instructions.
Heat exchangers, glass
doors assemblies, combustion air vents, and termination caps
shall comply with UL 907 and installed in accordance with
the manufacturer's installation instructions.
Direct gas-fired industrial air heaters of
the non-recirculating type shall be listed in accordance with
CSA Z83.4. [NFPA 54:10.8.1]
Non-recirculating direct
gas-fired industrial air heaters shall not serve any area containing
sleeping quarters. Non-recirculating direct gas-fired
industrial air heaters shall not recirculate room air. [NFPA
54:10.8.2.1, 10.8.2.2]
Non-recirculating direct gas-fired industrial air heaters shall be installed in accordance with the manufacturer's
instructions. [NFPA 54:10.8.3.1]
Non-recirculating direct gas-fired industrial air heaters
shall be installed only in industrial or commercial occupancies. [NFPA 54:10.8.3.2]
Non-recirculating direct gas-fired industrial air heaters shall be permitted to
provide fresh air ventilation. [NFPA 54:10.8.3.3]
Non-recirculating direct gas-fired industrial air heaters shall be provided with
access for removal of burners; for replacement of motors,
controls, filters, and other working parts; and for adjustment
and lubrication of parts requiring maintenance.
[NFPA 54:10.8.3.4]
Non-recirculating
direct gas-fired industrial air heaters shall be
installed with a clearance from combustible materials of not
less than that shown on the rating plate and the manufacturer's
installation instructions. [NFPA 54:10.8.4]
All air to the non-recirculating direct gas-fired industrial air heater shall be ducted directly from outdoors.
Where outdoor air dampers or closing louvers are used, they shall be verified to be in the open position prior to main
burner operation. [NFPA 54:10.8.5]
Non-recirculating direct gas-fired industrial air heaters with
valve train components equipped with atmospheric vents, gas reliefs, or bleeds shall have their vent lines, gas reliefs, or
bleeds lead to a safe point outdoors. Means shall be employed
on these lines to prevent water from entering and to prevent
blockage from insects and foreign matter. An atmospheric vent
line shall not be required to be provided on a valve train component
equipped with a listed vent limiter. [NFPA 54:10.8.6]
The design of the installation shall include adequate provisions to permit the non-recirculating
direct gas-fired industrial air heater to operate at its rated airflow
without overpressurizing the space served by the heater
by taking into account the structure's designed infiltration rate,
properly designed relief openings, or an interlocked powered
exhaust system, or a combination of these methods. [NFPA
54:10.8.7]
The structure's designed infiltration
rate and the size of relief opening(s) shall be determined
by approved engineering methods. [NFPA
54:10.8.7.1]
Inlet ducting, where used, shall be purged
with not less than four air changes prior to an ignition attempt. [NFPA 54:10.8.8]
Direct gas-fired industrial air heaters of
the recirculating type shall be listed in accordance with CSA
Z83.18. [NFPA 54:10.9.1]
Recirculating direct gas-fired
industrial air heaters shall not serve any area containing
sleeping quarters. Recirculating direct gas-fired industrial air
heaters shall not recirculate room air in buildings that contain
flammable solids, liquids, or gases; explosive materials; or substances that can become toxic when exposed to flame or
heat. [NFPA 54:10.9.2.1, 10.9.2.2]
Installation of direct gas-fired industrial
air heaters shall comply with the following requirements:
- Recirculating direct gas-fired industrial air heaters shall be installed in accordance with the manufacturer's installation instructions.
- Recirculating direct gas-fired industrial air heaters shall be installed in industrial or commercial occupancies. [NFPA 54:10.9.3]
Recirculating
direct gas-fired industrial air heaters shall be installed
with a clearance from combustible materials of not less than
that shown on the rating plate and the manufacturer's installation
instructions. [NFPA 54:10.9.4]
Ventilation air to the recirculating direct
gas-fired industrial air heater shall be ducted directly from outdoors.
Air to the recirculating direct gas-fired industrial air
heater in excess of the minimum ventilation air specified on
the heater's rating plate shall be taken from the building, ducted directly from outdoors, or a combination of both.
Where outdoor air dampers or closing louvers are used, they
shall be verified to be in the open position prior to main burner
operation. [NFPA 54:10.9.5]
Recirculating direct gas-fired industrial air heaters with valve
train components equipped with atmospheric vents, gas reliefs,
or bleeds shall have their vent lines, gas reliefs, or bleeds lead
to a safe point outdoors. Means shall be employed on these
lines to prevent water from entering and to prevent blockage
from insects and foreign matter. An atmospheric vent line shall
not be required to be provided on a valve train component
equipped with a listed vent limiter. [NFPA 54:10.9.6]
The design of the installation shall
include adequate provisions to permit the recirculating direct gas-fired industrial air heater to operate at its rated airflow without
overpressurizing the space served by the heater by taking
into account the structure's designed infiltration rate, properly
designed relief openings or an interlocked powered exhaust
system, or a combination of these methods. [NFPA 54:10.9.7]
The structure's designed infiltration rate and the size of relief opening(s) shall be
determined by approved engineering methods. [NFPA 54:10.9.7.1]
Inlet ducting, where used, shall be purged
with not less than four air changes prior to an ignition attempt. [NFPA 54:10.9.8]
Electric room heaters shall comply with UL 2021.
Unless specifically
permitted by the Authority Having Jurisdiction, unvented
room heaters shall not be installed as primary heat
sources. Unvented room heaters shall not be permitted in
spaces that do not have the required volume of indoor air
as defined in Section 701.4.
[HCD 1 & HCD 2] Unvented fuel-burning room heaters shall not be installed, used, maintained, or permitted to exist in a Group R Occupancy.
[HCD 1 & HCD 2] Unvented fuel-burning room heaters shall not be installed, used, maintained, or permitted to exist in a Group R Occupancy.
Unvented
room heaters shall not be installed in bathrooms or
bedrooms.
Exceptions:
[HCD 1 & HCD 2] Unvented fuel-burning room
heaters shall not be installed, used, maintained, or
permitted to exist in a Group R Occupancy.- Where approved by the Authority Having Jurisdiction, one listed wall-mounted unvented room heater equipped with an oxygen depletion safety shutoff system shall be permitted to be installed in a bathroom, provided that the input rating does not exceed 6000 Btu/h (1.76 kW) and combustion and ventilation air is provided as specified in Section 902.2.
- Where approved by the Authority Having Jurisdiction, one listed wall-mounted unvented room heater equipped with an oxygen depletion safety shutoff system shall be permitted to be installed in a bedroom, provided that the input rating does not exceed 10000 Btu/h (3 kW) and combustion and ventilation air is provided as specified in Section 902.2. [NFPA 54:10.22.1]
- Portable oil fired unvented heating appliances used as supplemental heating in storage occupancies, utility occupancies, and in accordance with the fire code.
Room heaters
shall not be installed in the following occupancies:
- Residential board and care
- Health care [NFPA 54:10.22.3]
A room heater shall be placed so as
not to cause a hazard to walls, floors, curtains, furniture,
doors where open, and to the free movements of persons
within the room. Heaters designed and marked, "For use
in noncombustible fireplace only," shall not be installed
elsewhere. Listed room heaters shall be installed in accordance
with their listings and the manufacturer's installation
instructions. In no case shall the clearances be such as
to interfere with combustion air and accessibility. Unlisted
room heaters shall be installed with clearances from combustible
material not less than the following:
- Circulating type room heaters having an outer jacket surrounding the combustion chamber, arranged with openings at top and bottom so that air circulates between the inner and outer jacket, and without openings in the outer jacket to permit direct radiation, shall have clearance at sides and rear of not less than 12 inches (305 mm).
- Radiating type room heaters other than those of the circulating type described in Section 916.2.3(1) shall have clearance at sides and rear of not less than 18 inches (457 mm), except that heaters that make use of metal, asbestos, or ceramic material to direct radiation to the front of the heater shall have a clearance of 36 inches (914 mm) in front and, where constructed with a double back of metal or ceramic, shall be permitted to be installed with a clearance of 18 inches (457 mm) at sides and 12 inches (305 mm) at rear. Combustible floors under unlisted room heaters shall be protected in an approved manner.
Wall-type room
heaters shall not be installed in or attached to walls of combustible
material unless listed for such installation. [NFPA
54:10.23.5]
Solid-fuel type room heaters shall comply with UL 1482.
Suspended-type unit heaters shall be safely and adequately supported, with due consideration given to their
weight and vibration characteristics. Hangers and brackets shall be of noncombustible material. [NFPA 54:10.25.1]
Suspended-type unit heaters shall comply
with the following requirements:
- A listed unit heater shall be installed with clearances from combustible material of not less than 18 inches (457 mm) at the sides, 12 inches (305 mm) at the bottom, and 6 inches (152 mm) above the top where the unit heater has an internal draft hood or 1 inch (25.4 mm) above the top of the sloping side of a vertical draft hood. A unit heater listed for reduced clearances shall be installed in accordance with its listing and the manufacturer's installation instructions.
- Unlisted unit heaters shall be installed with clearances to combustible material of not less than 18 inches (457 mm).
- Clearances for servicing shall be in accordance with the manufacturer's installation instructions.
Floor-mounted-type unit heaters shall comply with the following requirements:
- A listed unit heater shall be installed with clearances from combustible material at the back and one side of not less than 6 inches (152 mm). Where the flue gases are vented horizontally, the 6 inch (152 mm) clearance shall be measured from the draft hood or vent instead of the rear wall of the unit heater. A unit heater listed for reduced clearances shall be installed in accordance with its listing and the manufacturer's installation instructions.
- Floor-mounted-type unit heaters installed on combustible floors shall be listed for such installation.
- Combustible floors under unlisted floor-mounted unit heaters shall be protected in an approved manner.
- Clearances for servicing shall be in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions.
Combustion and
circulating air shall be provided in accordance with Section
701.0. [NFPA 54:10.25.3]
A unit heater shall not be attached to a warm
air duct system unless listed and marked for such installation. [NFPA 54:10.25.4]
Unit heaters installed in garages for more
than three motor vehicles or in aircraft hangars shall be of a listed type and shall be installed in accordance with Section 303.11 and Section 303.12. [NFPA 54:10.25.5]
Oil-fired unit heaters shall
comply with UL 731 and installed in accordance with the manufacturer's installation instructions.
Listed floor-mounted
food service appliances, such as ranges for hotels and
restaurants, deep-fat fryers, unit broilers, kettles, steam cookers,
steam generators, and baking and roasting ovens, shall be
installed not less than 6 inches (152 mm) from combustible
material except that not less than a 2 inch (51 mm) clearance
shall be maintained between a draft hood and combustible material.
Floor-mounted food service appliances listed for installation
at lesser clearances shall be installed in accordance with its
listing and the manufacturer's installation instructions. Appliances
designed and marked, "For use only in noncombustible
locations," shall not be installed elsewhere.
Unlisted floor-mounted
food service appliances shall be installed to provide a
clearance to combustible material of not less than 18 inches (457 mm) from the sides and rear of the appliance and from the vent
connector and not less than 48 inches (1219 mm) above cooking
tops and at the front of the appliance.
Clearances for unlisted appliances installed in partially enclosed areas such as alcoves shall not be reduced. Reduced clearances for unlisted appliances installed in rooms that are not partially enclosed shall be in accordance with Table 303.10.1. [NFPA 54:10.12.2]
Clearances for unlisted appliances installed in partially enclosed areas such as alcoves shall not be reduced. Reduced clearances for unlisted appliances installed in rooms that are not partially enclosed shall be in accordance with Table 303.10.1. [NFPA 54:10.12.2]
Listed floor-mounted
food service appliances that are listed specifically for
installation on floors constructed of combustible material shall
be permitted to be installed on combustible floors in accordance with its listing and the manufacturer's installation instructions.
Floor-mounted food service appliances that are
not listed for mounting on a combustible floor shall be
mounted in accordance with Section 918.4 or be mounted
in accordance with one of the following:
- Where the appliance is set on legs that provide not less than 18 inches (457 mm) open space under the base of the appliance or where it has no burners and no portion of any oven or broiler within 18 inches (457 mm) of the floor, it shall be permitted to be mounted on a combustible floor without special floor protection, provided at least one sheet metal baffle is between the burner and the floor.
- Where the appliance is set on legs that provide not less than 8 inches (203 mm) open space under the base of the appliance, it shall be permitted to be mounted on combustible floors, provided the floor under the appliance is protected with not less than 3/4 of an inch (9.5 mm) insulating millboard covered with sheet metal not less than 0.0195 of an inch (0.4953 mm) thick. The preceding specified floor protection shall extend not less than 6 inches (152 mm) beyond the appliance on all sides.
- Where the appliance is set on legs that provide not less than 4 inches (102 mm) under the base of the appliance, it shall be permitted to be mounted on combustible floors, provided the floor under the appliance is protected with hollow masonry not less than 4 inches (102 mm) in thickness covered with sheet metal not less than 0.0195 of an inch (0.4953 mm) thick. Such masonry courses shall be laid with ends unsealed and joints matched in such a way as to provide for free circulation of air through the masonry.
- Where the appliance does not have legs at least 4 inches (102 mm) high, it shall be permitted to be mounted on combustible floors, provided the floor under the appliance is protected by two courses of 4 inch (102 mm) hollow clay tile, or equivalent, with courses laid at right angles and with ends unsealed and joints matched in such a way as to provide for free circulation of air through such masonry courses, and covered with steel plate not less than 3/16 of an inch (4.8 mm) in thickness. [NFPA 54:10.12.3.2]
Listed
floor-installed food service appliances that are designed and marked "For use only in noncombustible locations" shall be
installed on floors of noncombustible construction with noncombustible
flooring and surface finish and with no combustible
material against the underside thereof, or on
noncombustible slabs or arches having no combustible material
against the underside thereof. Such construction shall in all cases extend not less than 12 inches (305 mm) beyond the
appliance on all sides. [NFPA 54:10.12.4.1, 10.12.4.2]
Listed and unlisted food service ranges shall be installed
to provide clearance to combustible material of not less than
18 inches (457 mm) horizontally for a distance of up to 2 feet
(610 mm) above the surface of the cooking top where the
combustible material is not completely shielded by high
shelving, warming closet, or other system. Reduced combustible
material clearances are permitted where protected in
accordance with Table 303.10.1. [NFPA 54:10.12.5]
Floor-mounted appliances with
casters shall be listed for such construction and shall be
installed in accordance with the manufacturer's installation
instructions for limiting the movement of the appliance to prevent
strain on the connection. [NFPA 54:10.12.6]
Floor-mounted food service
appliances shall be installed level on a firm foundation.
[NFPA 54:10.12.7]
Means shall be provided to ventilate the
space in which food service appliance is installed to permit
combustion of the gas. [NFPA 54:10.12.8]
A vertical distance of not less
than 48 inches (1219 mm) shall be provided between the top
of food service hot plates and griddles and combustible material. [NFPA 54:10.13.1]
Listed food
service counter appliances such as hot plates and griddles,
food and dish warmers, and coffee brewers and urns, where
installed on combustible surfaces, shall be set on their own
bases or legs and shall be installed with a horizontal clearance
of not less than 6 inches (152 mm) from combustible material, except that not less than a 2 inches (51 mm) clearance
shall be maintained between a draft hood and combustible
material. Food service counter appliances listed for
installation at lesser clearances shall be installed in accordance
with their listing and the manufacturer's installation
instructions.
Unlisted food
service hot plates and griddles shall be installed with a horizontal
clearance from combustible material of not less than 18
inches (457 mm). Unlisted gas food service counter appliances,
including coffee brewers and urns, waffle bakers, and
hot water immersion sterilizers, shall be installed with a horizontal
clearance from combustible material of not less than
12 inches (305 mm). Reduced clearances for gas food service
counter appliances shall be in accordance with Table
303.10.1. Unlisted food and dish warmers shall be installed
with a horizontal clearance from combustible material of not
less than 6 inches (152 mm). [NFPA 54:10.13.3]
Unlisted food
service counter appliances shall not be set on combustible
material unless they have legs that provide not less than 4
inches (102 mm) of open space below the burners and the
combustible surface is protected with insulating millboard not
less than 1/4 of an inch (6.4 mm) thick covered with sheet
metal not less than 0.0122 of an inch (0.3099 mm) thick, or
with equivalent protection. [NFPA 54:10.13.4]
Electric
household cooking appliances designed for permanent
installations shall be installed in accordance with the manufacturer's
installation instructions. Household electric ranges
shall comply with UL 858.
Floor mounted units shall be
installed in accordance with Section 920.3.1 and Section
920.3.2.
The clearances specified as follows shall not interfere
with combustion air, accessibility for operation, and servicing:
- Listed floor-mounted household cooking appliances, where installed on combustible floors, shall be set on their own bases or legs and shall be installed in accordance with their listing and the manufacturer's installation instructions.
- Listed household cooking appliances with listed gas room heater sections shall be installed so that the warm air discharge side shall have a clearance of not less than 18 inches (457 mm) from adjacent combustible material. A clearance of not less than 36 inches (914 mm) shall be provided between the top of the heater section and the bottom of cabinets.
- Listed household cooking appliances that include a solid or liquid fuel-burning section shall be spaced from combustible material and otherwise installed in accordance with their listing and the manufacturer's installation instructions for the supplementary fuel section of the appliance.
- Unlisted floor-mounted household cooking appliances shall be installed with not less than 6 inches (152 mm) clearance at the back and sides to combustible material. Combustible floors under unlisted appliances shall be protected in an approved manner.
Household cooking appliances shall have a vertical clearance
above the cooking top of not less than 30 inches
(762 mm) to combustible material or metal cabinets. A
minimum clearance of 24 inches (610 mm) is permitted
where one of the following is installed:
- The underside of the combustible material or metal cabinet above the cooking top is protected with not less than 1/4 of an inch (6.4 mm) insulating mill board covered with sheet metal not less than 0.0122 of an inch (0.3099 mm) thick.
- A metal ventilating hood of sheet metal not less than 0.0122 of an inch (0.3099 mm) thick is installed above the cooking top with a clearance of not less than 1/4 of an inch (6.4 mm) between the hood and the underside of the combustible material or metal cabinet, and the hood is as wide as the appliance and is centered over the appliance.
- A listed cooking appliance or microwave oven installed over a listed cooking appliance shall be in accordance with the terms of the upper appliance's listing and the manufacturer's installation instructions. Microwave ovens shall comply with UL 923.
Built-in units shall be installed in accordance with Section 920.4.1 through Section 920.4.4.
Listed built-in household cooking appliances shall be installed in accordance with their
listing and the manufacturer's installation instructions.
The installation shall not interfere with combustion air,
accessibility for operation, and servicing. Unlisted built-in
household cooking appliances shall not be installed in
or adjacent to combustible material.
Built-in top (or surface) cooking appliances shall have a vertical clearance above
the cooking top of not less than 30 inches (762 mm) to
combustible material or metal cabinets. A clearance of
not less than 24 inches (610 mm) is permitted where one
of the following is installed:
- The underside of the combustible material or metal cabinet above the cooking top is protected with not less than 1/4 of an inch (6.4 mm) insulating mill board covered with sheet metal not less than 0.0122 of an inch (0.3099 mm) thick.
- A metal ventilating hood of sheet metal not less than 0.0122 of an inch (0.3099 mm) thick is installed above the cooking top with a clearance of not less than 1/4 of an inch (6.4 mm) between the hood and the underside of the combustible material or metal cabinet, and the hood not less than the width of the appliance and is centered over the appliance.
- A listed cooking appliance or microwave oven installed over a listed cooking appliance shall be in accordance with the terms of the upper appliance listing and the manufacturer's installation instructions.
Built-in household cooking
appliances shall be installed so that the cooking top,
broiler pan, or oven racks are level. [NFPA 54:10.15.2.4]
Commercial electric
ranges shall comply with UL 197 and installed in accordance
with the manufacturer's installation instructions.
Commercial
wood-fired baking ovens (refractory type) shall comply
with UL 2162 and installed in accordance with the
manufacturer's installation instructions.
Oil-burning ranges shall comply
with UL 896 and installed in accordance with the manufacturer's
installation instructions.
Listed open-top broiler units shall be
installed in accordance with the manufacturer's installation
instructions. [NFPA 54:10.18.1]
Unlisted open-top broiler units shall be installed in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions
but shall not be installed in combustible material. [NFPA
54:10.18.2)
Domestic
open-top broiler units shall be provided with a metal ventilating
hood not less than 0.0122 of an inch (0.3099 mm) thick
with a clearance of not less than 1/4 of an inch (6.4 mm)
between the hood and the underside of combustible material or metal cabinets. A clearance of at least 24 inches (610 mm)
shall be maintained between the cooking top and the combustible material or metal cabinet, and the hood shall be at
least as wide as the open-top broiler unit and centered over the
unit. Listed domestic open-top broiler units incorporating an
integral exhaust system and listed for use without a ventilating hood shall not be required to be provided with a ventilating hood if installed in accordance with Section 920.3.2(1). [NFPA 54:10.18.3]
Commercial open-top broiler units shall be provided with ventilation in accordance with
NFPA 96. [NFPA 54:10.18.4]
Listed outdoor cooking appliances shall be installed in accordance with their listing and the manufacturer's installation instructions.
Unlisted outdoor cooking appliances shall be installed outdoors with clearances to combustible
material of not less than 36 inches (914 mm) at the sides and
back and not less than 48 inches (1219 mm) at the front. In no case shall the appliance be located under overhead combustible
construction. [NFPA 54:10.19.2]
Listed illuminating appliances shall be installed in accordance with their
listing and the manufacturer's installation instructions.
Clearances for unlisted illuminating appliances shall comply with the following:
- Unlisted enclosed illuminating appliances installed outdoors shall be installed with clearances in any direction from combustible material of not less than 12 inches (305 mm). [NFPA 54:10.15.2.1(1)]
- Unlisted enclosed illuminating appliances installed indoors shall be installed with clearances in any direction from combustible material of not less than 18 inches (457 mm). [NFPA 54:10.15.2.1(2)]
Clearances shall comply with the following:
For SI units: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 foot = 304.8 mm
* Measured from the nearest portion of the burner head.
- Unlisted open-flame illuminating appliances installed outdoors shall have clearances from combustible material not less than that specified in Table 924.2.1. The distance from ground level to the base of the burner shall be a minimum of 7 feet (2134 mm) where installed within 2 feet (610 mm) of walkways. Lesser clearances shall be permitted to be used where acceptable to the Authority Having Jurisdiction.
- Unlisted open-flame illuminating appliances installed outdoors shall be equipped with a limiting orifice or other limiting devices that will maintain a flame height consistent with the clearance from combustible material, as given in Table 924.2.1.
- Appliances designed for flame heights in excess of 30 inches (762 mm) shall be permitted to be installed if acceptable to the Authority Having Jurisdiction. Such appliances shall be equipped with a safety shutoff device or automatic ignition.
- Unlisted open-flame illuminating appliances installed indoors shall have clearances from combustible material acceptable to the Authority Having Jurisdiction. [NFPA 54:10.15.2.2]
| FLAME HEIGHT ABOVE BURNER HEAD (inches) | MINIMUM CLEARANCE FROM COMBUSTIBLE MATERIAL (feet)* | |
|---|---|---|
| HORIZONTAL | VERTICAL | |
| 12 | 2 | 6 |
| 18 | 3 | 8 |
| 24 | 3 | 10 |
| 30 | 4 | 12 |
* Measured from the nearest portion of the burner head.
Illuminating appliances
designed for wall or ceiling mounting shall be securely attached to substantial structures in such a manner that they
are not dependent on the gas piping for support. [NFPA
54:10.15.3]
Illuminating appliances
designed for post mounting shall be securely and rigidly
attached to a post. Posts shall be rigidly mounted. The
strength and rigidity of posts greater than 3 feet (914 mm) in height shall be at least equivalent to that of a 21/2 inch (64 mm) diameter post constructed of 0.064 of an inch (1.626 mm)
thick steel or a 1 inch (25.4 mm) Schedule 40 steel pipe. Posts
3 feet (914 mm) or less in height shall not be smaller than a
3/4 of an inch (19.1 mm) Schedule 40 steel pipe. Drain openings shall be provided near the base of posts where water collecting
inside the posts is possible. [NFPA 54:10.15.4]
Where an appliance
pressure regulator is not supplied with an illuminating
appliance and the service line is not equipped with a service
pressure regulator, an appliance pressure regulator shall be
installed in the line serving one or more illuminating appliances. [NFPA 54:10.15.5]
Field constructed commercial-industrial incinerators
shall be constructed and installed in accordance with
NFPA 82.
Factory-built commercial incinerators and crematories shall comply
with UL 2790 and installed in accordance with the
manufacturer's installation instructions.
Residential incinerators
shall comply with UL 791 and installed in accordance with
the manufacturer's installation instructions.
Suspended-type infrared heaters shall be
fixed in position independent of gas and electric supply lines.
Hangers and brackets shall be of noncombustible material.
Heaters subject to vibration shall be provided with vibration-isolating hangers. [NFPA 54:10.17.1]
The installation of infrared heaters shall comply with the following clearance requirements:
- Listed heaters shall be installed with clearances from combustible material in accordance with their listing and the manufacturer's installation instructions.
- Unlisted heaters shall be installed in accordance with clearances from combustible material acceptable to the Authority Having Jurisdiction.
- In locations used for the storage of combustible materials, signs shall be posted to specify the maximum permissible stacking height to maintain required clearances from the heater to the combustibles.
Where unvented infrared heaters are used, natural or mechanical means shall
be provided to supply and exhaust at least 4 ft3/min/1000 Btu/h (0.38 m3/min/kW) input of installed heaters. [NFPA 54:10.17.3.1]
Exhaust openings for removing flue products shall be above the level of the heaters. [NFPA 54:10.17.3.2]
Overhead heaters installed in garages for
more than three motor vehicles or in aircraft hangars shall be
of a listed type and shall be installed in accordance with Section
303.11 and Section 303.12. [NFPA 54:10.17.4]
A pool heater shall be located or protected so as to minimize accidental contact of hot surfaces by persons.
[NFPA 54:10.20.1]
The installation of pool heaters shall comply with the following requirements:
- In no case shall the clearances be such as to interfere with combustion air, draft hood, or vent terminal clearance and relief, and accessibility for servicing.
- A listed pool heater shall be installed in accordance with its listing and the manufacturer's installation instructions.
- An unlisted pool heater shall be installed with a clearance of not less than 12 inches (305 mm) on the sides and the rear. A combustible floor under an unlisted pool heater shall be protected in an approved manner.
An unlisted pool heater shall be provided with overtemperature
protection or overtemperature and overpressure protection
by means of an approved device(s). [NFPA 54:10.20.3.1]
Where a pool heater is provided with over-temperature protection only and is
installed with any device in the discharge line of the
heater that can restrict the flow of water from the heater
to the pool (such as a check valve, shutoff valve, therapeutic
pool valving, or flow nozzles), a pressure-relief
valve shall be installed either in the heater or between
the heater and the restrictive device. [NFPA 54:10.20.3.2]
Where an integral bypass system is
not provided as a part of the pool heater, a bypass line and
valve shall be installed between the inlet and outlet piping for
use in adjusting the flow of water through the heater. [NFPA
54:10.20.4]
A pool heater listed for outdoor installation
shall be installed with the venting means supplied by the manufacturer
and in accordance with the manufacturer's installation instructions. [NFPA 54:10.20.5]
Refrigerators shall be provided with
clearances for ventilation at the top and back in accordance
with the manufacturer's instructions. Where such instructions
are not available, at least 2 inches (51 mm) shall be provided between the back of the refrigerator and the wall at least 12
inches (305 mm) above the top. [NFPA 54:10.21.1]
Where an accessory kit is used for conveying
air for burner combustion or unit cooling to the refrigerator
from areas outside the room in which it is located, or
for conveying combustion products diluted with air containing
waste heat from the refrigerator to areas outside the room
in which it is located, the kit shall be installed in accordance with the refrigerator manufacturer's instructions. [NFPA 54:10.21.2]
A listed gas-tired toilet shall be installed
in accordance with its listing and the manufacturer's installation
instructions, provided that the clearance shall be such to
afford ready accessibility for use, cleanout, and necessary
servicing.
Listed gas-fired
toilets installed on combustible floors shall be listed for
such installation. [NFPA 54:10.24.2]
Vents or vent connectors that are capable of
being contacted during casual use of the room in which the
toilet is installed shall be protected or shielded to prevent such contact. [NFPA 54:10.24.3]
[Not adopted by HCD]
[Not adopted by HCD] Appliances
installed in manufactured housing after the initial sale shall be
listed for installation in manufactured housing, or approved,
and shall be installed in accordance with the requirements of
this code and the manufacturer's installation instructions.
Appliances installed in the living space of manufactured
housing shall be in accordance with the requirements of Section
701.0. [NFPA 54:10.29]
The provisions of this section apply to kilns
used for ceramics that have a maximum interior volume of 20
cubic feet (0.57 m3) and are used for hobby or noncommercial purposes.
Kilns shall be installed in accordance with the manufacturer's installation instructions and the provisions
of this code.
Fuel-gas controls shall comply with Section 306.0 and Section 902.4. Standing pilots shall
not be used with gas-fired kilns.
In addition to other requirements specified in this section, interior installations
shall comply with the requirements of Section 931.5.1
through Section 931.5.5.
The sides and tops of kilns shall be located not less than 18 inches (457 mm) from a
noncombustible wall surface and 3 feet (914 mm) from
a combustible wall surface. Kilns shall be installed on
noncombustible flooring consisting of not less than 2
inches (51 mm) of solid masonry or concrete extending
not less than 12 inches (305 mm) beyond the base or supporting members of the kiln.
In no case shall the clearance on the gas or electrical control side of a kiln be reduced to less than 30 inches (762 mm).
Exception: These clearances shall be permitted to be
reduced, provided the kiln is installed in accordance with
its listing.
In no case shall the clearance on the gas or electrical control side of a kiln be reduced to less than 30 inches (762 mm).
A canopy-type hood shall be installed directly above each kiln. The face opening area of the
hood shall be equal to or greater than the top horizontal
surface area of the kiln. The hood shall be constructed of
not less than 0.024 of an inch (0.61 mm) (No. 24 gauge)
galvanized steel or equivalent and be supported at a
height of between 12 inches (305 mm) and 30 inches
(762 mm) above the kiln by noncombustible supports.
Exception: Electric kilns installed with listed exhaust
blowers shall be permitted to be used where marked as
being suitable for the kiln and installed in accordance
with the manufacturer's installation instructions.
Each hood shall be connected to a gravity ventilation duct extending in a
vertical direction to outside the building. This duct shall
be of the same construction as the hood and shall have a
minimum cross-sectional area of not less than one-fifteenth
of the face opening area of the hood. The duct
shall terminate not less than 12 inches (305 mm) above
a portion of a building within 4 feet (1219 mm) and terminate
not less than 4 feet (1219 mm) from an openable
window or other opening into the building or adjacent
property line. The duct opening to the outside shall be
shielded, without reduction of duct area, to prevent
entrance of rain into the duct. The duct shall be supported
at each section by noncombustible supports.
Provisions shall be made for air to enter the room in which a kiln is installed at a rate not
less than the air being removed through the kiln hood.
A hood and
duct serving a fuel-burning kiln shall have a clearance
from combustible construction of not less than 18 inches
(457 mm). This clearance shall be permitted to be
reduced in accordance with Table 303.10.1.
Kilns shall be installed with
minimum clearances as specified in Section 931.5.1. Wherever
a kiln is located under a roofed area and is partially
enclosed by more than two vertical wall surfaces, a hood and
gravity ventilation duct shall be installed in accordance with
Section 931.5.2, Section 931.5.3, and Section 931.5.5.
Permanently fixed in place outdoor open
flame decorative appliances shall be installed in accordance
with Section 932.1.1 through Section 932.1.3. [NFPA 54:10.31]
Listed outdoor open flame decorative
appliances shall be installed in accordance with
the manufacturer's installation instructions. [NFPA
54:10.31.1]
Unlisted outdoor open flame
decorative appliances shall be installed outdoors in accordance
with the manufacturer's installation instructions and
with clearances to combustible material of not less than 36
inches (914 mm) from the sides. In no case shall the appliance
be located under overhead combustible construction.
[NFPA 54:10.31.2]
The
connection to the gas piping system shall be in accordance
with Section 1312.1(1), Section 1312.1(2), Section
1312.1(4), or Section 1312.1(5). [NFPA 54:10.31.3]
Evaporative cooling systems, including air
ducts and fire dampers that are a portion of an evaporative
cooling system, shall be in accordance with Section 933.2
through Section 933.4.3. Evaporative cooling systems shall
be provided with outside air as specified for cooling systems in Section 403.0.
Evaporative cooling systems shall be
installed so as to minimize the probability of damage from an external source.
Evaporative
coolers shall be accessible for inspection, service, and
replacement without removing permanent construction.
An evaporative cooler supported by the
building structure shall be installed on a level base and shall
be secured directly or indirectly to the building structure, to
prevent displacement of the cooler.
Modifications made to the supporting framework of buildings
as a result of the installation shall be in accordance
with the requirements of the building code. Openings in
exterior walls shall be flashed in an approved manner in
accordance with the requirements of the building code.
An evaporative cooler supported directly by the ground shall be isolated from the
ground by a level concrete slab extending not less than 3
inches (76 mm) above the adjoining ground level.
An evaporative cooler supported on an aboveground platform shall be elevated not
less than 6 inches (152 mm) above adjoining ground level.
Factory-built commercial refrigerators and freezers shall
comply with UL 471 and installed in accordance with the
manufacturer's installation instructions.
Factory-built unit coolers for use in refrigerators, freezers, refrigerated warehouses, and walk-in
coolers shall comply with UL 412 and installed in accordance
with the manufacturer's installation instructions.
Self-contained mechanical refrigeration systems for use
in walk-in coolers shall comply with UL 427 and installed in
accordance with the manufacturer's installation instructions.
A ductless mini-split system installation shall be installed in accordance with the manufacturer's
installation instructions and Section 310.2 for condensate
control.
Electrostatic air cleaners shall comply with UL 867 and installed in accordance
with the manufacturer's installation instructions.
High-efficiency particulate air filter units for use in industrial
and laboratory exhaust and ventilation systems shall be
installed in accordance with the manufacturer's installation
instructions.
Gaseous hydrogen systems shall be installed in accordance with NFPA 2.
The installation of compressed natural gas (CNG) fueling (dispensing) systems shall conform to NFPA 52. (NFPA 54:10.28]
