A means of protection against backflow shall be provided in accordance with Sections P2902.3.1 through P2902.3.6. Backflow prevention applications shall conform to Table P2902.3, except as specifically stated in Sections P2902.4 through P2902.5.5.
TABLE P2902.3
APPLICATION FOR BACKFLOW PREVENTERS
DEVICE | DEGREE OF HAZARDa | APPLICATIONb | APPLICABLE STANDARDS |
Air gap | High or low hazard | Backsiphonage or backpressure | ASME A112.1.2 |
Air gap fittings for use with plumbing fixtures, appliances and appurtenances | High or low hazard | Backsiphonage or backpressure | ASME A112.1.3 |
Antisiphon-type fill valves for gravity water closet flush tanks | High hazard | Backsiphonage only | ASSE 1002, CSA B125.3 |
Backflow preventer with intermediateatmo- spheric vents | Low hazard | Backpressure or backsiphonage Sizes1/4″ – 3/4″ | ASSE 1012, CSA B64.3 |
Double check backflow prevention assemblyand double check fire protection backflowprevention assembly | Low hazard | Backpressure or backsiphonage Sizes3/8″ – 16″ | ASSE 1015, AWWA C510, CSA B64.5, CSA B64.5.1 |
Double check detector fire protection backflow prevention assemblies | Low hazard | Backpressure or backsiphonage (Fire sprinkler systems) Sizes 2″ – 16″ | ASSE 1048 |
Dual-check-valve-type backflow preventer | Low hazard | Backpressure or backsiphonage Sizes1/4″ – 1″ | ASSE 1024, CSA B64.6 |
Hose-connection backflow preventer | High or low hazard | Low head backpressure, rated working pressure backpressure or backsiphonage Sizes 1/2″ – 1″ | ASSE 1052, CSA B64.2.1.1 |
Hose-connection vacuum breaker | High or low hazard | Low head backpressure or backsi- phonage Sizes 1/2″, 3/4″, 1″ | ASSE 1011, CSA B64.2, CSA B64.2.1 |
Laboratory faucet backflow preventer | High or low hazard | Low head backpressure and back- siphonage | ASSE 1035, CSA B64.7 |
Pipe-applied atmospheric-type vacuum breaker | High or low hazard | Backsiphonage only Sizes 1/4″ – 4″ | ASSE 1001, CSA B64.1.1 |
Pressure vacuum breaker assembly | High or low hazard | Backsiphonage only Sizes 1/2″ – 2″ | ASSE 1020, CSA B64.1.2 |
Reduced pressure detector fire protection back- flow prevention assemblies | High or low hazard | Backsiphonage or backpressure (Fire sprinkler systems) | ASSE 1047 |
Reduced pressure principle backflow prevention assembly and reduced pressure principle fire pro- tection backflow prevention assembly | High or low hazard | Backpressure or backsiphonage Sizes 3/8″ – 16″ | ASSE 1013, AWWA C511, CSA B64.4, CSA B64.4.1 |
Spill-resistant pressure vacuum breaker | High or low hazard | Backsiphonage only Sizes 1/4″ – 2″ | ASSE 1056, CSA B64.1.3 |
Vacuum breaker wall hydrants, frost-resistant, automatic-draining type | High or low hazard | Low head backpressure or backsi- phonage Sizes 3/4″ – 1″ | ASSE 1019, CSA B64.2.2 |
Air gaps shall comply with ASME A112.1.2 and air gap fittings shall comply with ASME A112.1.3. The minimum air gap shall be measured vertically from the lowest end of a water supply outlet to the flood level rim of the fixture or receptor into which such potable water outlets discharge. The minimum required air gap shall be twice the diameter of the effective opening of the outlet, but in no case less than the values specified in Table P2902.3.1. An air gap is required at the discharge point of a relief valve or piping. Air gap devices shall be incorporated in dishwashing and clothes washing appliances.
TABLE P2902.3.1
MINIMUM AIR GAPS
FIXTURE | MINIMUM AIR GAP | |
Away from a walla (inches) | Close to a wall (inches) | |
Effective openings greater than 1 inch | Two times the diameter of the effective opening | Three times the diameter of the effective opening |
Lavatories and other fixtures with effective opening not greater than 1/2 inch in diameter | 1 | 1.5 |
Over-rim bath fillers and other fixtures with effective openings not greater than 1 inch in diameter | 2 | 3 |
Sink, laundry trays, gooseneck back faucets and other fixtures with effective openings not greater than 3/4 inch in diameter | 1.5 | 2.5 |
Sillcocks, hose bibbs, wall hydrants and other openings with a hose connection shall be protected by an atmospheric-type or pressure-type vacuum breaker or a permanently attached hose connection vacuum breaker.
1. This section shall not apply to water heater and boiler drain valves that are provided with hose connection threads and that are intended only for tank or vessel draining.
2. This section shall not apply to water supply valves intended for connection of clothes washing machines where backflow prevention is otherwise provided or is integral with the machine.
The potable water supply to automatic fire sprinkler shall be protected against backflow by a double check backflow prevention assembly, a double check fire protection backflow prevention assembly, a reduced pressure principle backflow prevention assembly or a reduced pressure principle fire protection backflow prevention assembly.
Where systems contain chemical additives or antifreeze, or where systems are connected to a nonpotable secondary water supply, the potable water supply shall be protected against backflow by a reduced pressure principle backflow prevention assembly or a reduced pressure principle fire protection backflow prevention assembly. Where chemical additives or antifreeze is added to only a portion of an automatic fire sprinkler or standpipe system, the reduced pressure principle fire protection backflow preventer shall be permitted to be located so as to isolate that portion of the system.
The potable water supply to a solar system shall be equipped with a backflow preventer with intermediate atmospheric vent complying with ASSE 1012 or a reduced pressure principle backflow preventer complying with ASSE 1013. Where chemicals are used, the potable water supply shall be protected by a reduced pressure principle backflow preventer.
The water service and water distribution systems shall be designed and pipe sizes shall be selected such that under conditions of peak demand, the capacities at the point of outlet discharge shall not be less than shown in Table P2903.1.
TABLE P2903.1
REQUIRED CAPACITIES AT
POINT OF OUTLET DISCHARGE
FIXTURE AT POINT OF OUTLET | FLOW RATE (gpm) | FLOW PRESSURE (psi) |
Bathtub, pressure-balanced or thermostatic mixing valve | 4 | 20 |
Bidet, thermostatic mixing | 2 | 20 |
Dishwasher | 2.75 | 8 |
Laundry tub | 4 | 8 |
Lavatory | 2 | 8 |
Shower, pressure-balancing or thermostatic mixing valve | 3 | 20 |
Sillcock, hose bibb | 5 | 8 |
Sink | 2.5 | 8 |
Water closet, flushometer tank | 1.6 | 20 |
Water closet, tank, close coupled | 3 | 20 |
Water closet, tank, one-piece | 6 | 20 |
1 pound per square inch = 6.895 kPa.
The maximum water consumption flow rates and quantities for all plumbing fixtures and fixture fittings shall be in accordance with Table P2903.2.
TABLE P2903.2
MAXIMUM FLOW RATES AND CONSUMPTION FOR
PLUMBING FIXTURES AND FIXTURE FITTINGSb
PLUMBING FIXTURE OR FIXTURE FITTING | PLUMBING FIXTURE OR FIXTURE FITTING |
Lavatory faucet | 2.2 gpm at 60 psi |
Shower heada | 2.5 gpm at 80 psi |
Sink faucet | 2.2 gpm at 60 psi |
Water closet | 1.6 gallons per flushing cycle |
1 pound per square inch = 6.895 kPa.
Supply loads in the building water-distribution system shall be determined by total load on the pipe being sized, in terms of water-supply fixture units (w.s.f.u.), as shown in Table P2903.6, and gallon per minute (gpm) flow rates [see Table P2903.6(1)]. For fixtures not listed, choose a w.s.f.u. value of a fixture with similar flow characteristics.
TABLE P2903.6
WATER-SUPPLY FIXTURE-UNIT VALUES FOR VARIOUS PLUMBING FIXTURES AND FIXTURE GROUPS
TYPE OF FIXTURES OR GROUP OF FIXTURES | WATER-SUPPLY FIXTURE-UNIT VALUE (w.s.f.u.) | ||
Hot | Cold | Combined | |
Bathtub (with/without overhead shower head) | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.4 |
Clothes washer | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.4 |
Dishwasher | 1.4 | — | 1.4 |
Full-bath group with bathtub (with/without shower head) or shower stall | 1.5 | 2.7 | 3.6 |
Half-bath group (water closet and lavatory) | 0.5 | 2.5 | 2.6 |
Hose bibb (sillcock)a | — | 2.5 | 2.5 |
Kitchen group (dishwasher and sink with/without garbage grinder) | 1.9 | 1.0 | 2.5 |
Kitchen sink | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.4 |
Laundry group (clothes washer standpipe and laundry tub) | 1.8 | 1.8 | 2.5 |
Laundry tub | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.4 |
Lavatory | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.7 |
Shower stall | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.4 |
Water closet (tank type) | — | 2.2 | 2.2 |
TABLE P2903.6(1)
CONVERSIONS FROM WATER SUPPLY FIXTURE UNIT TO GALLON PER MINUTE FLOW RATES
SUPPLY SYSTEMS PREDOMINANTLY FOR FLUSH TANKS | SUPPLY SYSTEMS PREDOMINANTLY FOR FLUSHOMETER VALVES | ||||
Load | Demand | Load | Demand | ||
(Water supply fixture units) | (Gallons per minute) | (Cubic feet per minute) | (Water supply fixture units) | (Gallons per minute) | (Cubic feet per minute) |
1 | 3.0 | 0.04104 | — | — | — |
2 | 5.0 | 0.0684 | — | — | — |
3 | 6.5 | 0.86892 | — | — | — |
4 | 8.0 | 1.06944 | — | — | — |
5 | 9.4 | 1.256592 | 5 | 15.0 | 2.0052 |
6 | 10.7 | 1.430376 | 6 | 17.4 | 2.326032 |
7 | 11.8 | 1.577424 | 7 | 19.8 | 2.646364 |
8 | 12.8 | 1.711104 | 8 | 22.2 | 2.967696 |
9 | 13.7 | 1.831416 | 9 | 24.6 | 3.288528 |
10 | 14.6 | 1.951728 | 10 | 27.0 | 3.60936 |
11 | 15.4 | 2.058672 | 11 | 27.8 | 3.716304 |
12 | 16.0 | 2.13888 | 12 | 28.6 | 3.823248 |
13 | 16.5 | 2.20572 | 13 | 29.4 | 3.930192 |
14 | 17.0 | 2.27256 | 14 | 30.2 | 4.037136 |
15 | 17.5 | 2.3394 | 15 | 31.0 | 4.14408 |
16 | 18.0 | 2.90624 | 16 | 31.8 | 4.241024 |
17 | 18.4 | 2.459712 | 17 | 32.6 | 4.357968 |
18 | 18.8 | 2.513184 | 18 | 33.4 | 4.464912 |
19 | 19.2 | 2.566656 | 19 | 34.2 | 4.571856 |
20 | 19.6 | 2.620128 | 20 | 35.0 | 4.6788 |
(continued)
TABLE P2903.6(1)—continued
CONVERSIONS FROM WATER SUPPLY FIXTURE UNIT TO GALLON PER MINUTE FLOW RATES
SUPPLY SYSTEMS PREDOMINANTLY FOR FLUSH TANKS | SUPPLY SYSTEMS PREDOMINANTLY FOR FLUSHOMETER VALVES | ||||
Load | Demand | Load | Demand | ||
(Water supply fixture units) | (Gallons per minute) | (Cubic feet per minute) | (Water supply fixture units) | (Gallons per minute) | (Cubic feet per minute) |
25 | 21.5 | 2.87412 | 25 | 38.0 | 5.07984 |
30 | 23.3 | 3.114744 | 30 | 42.0 | 5.61356 |
35 | 24.9 | 3.328632 | 35 | 44.0 | 5.88192 |
40 | 26.3 | 3.515784 | 40 | 46.0 | 6.14928 |
45 | 27.7 | 3.702936 | 45 | 48.0 | 6.41664 |
50 | 29.1 | 3.890088 | 50 | 50.0 | 6.684 |
Manifolds shall be sized in accordance with Table P2903.8.1. Total gallons per minute is the demand for all outlets.
TABLE P2903.8.1
MANIFOLD SIZING
PLASTIC | METALLIC | ||
Nominal Size ID (inches) | Maximuma gpm | Nominal Size ID (inches) | Maximuma gpm |
3/4 | 17 | 3/4 | 11 |
1 | 29 | 1 | 20 |
11/4 | 46 | 11/4 | 31 |
11/2 | 66 | 11/2 | 44 |
1 foot per second = 0.3048 m/s.
Potable water outlets and combination stop-and-waste valves shall not be installed underground or below grade. Freezeproof yard hydrants that drain the riser into the ground are considered to be stop-and-waste valves.
Hose bibbs subject to freezing, including the “frostproof” type, shall be equipped with an accessible stop-and-waste-type valve inside the building so that they can be controlled and drained during cold periods.
FIGURE P2903.10
TYPICAL FROSTPROOF HOSE BIBB INSTALLATION NOT REQUIRING SEPARATE VALUE
Sprinklers shall be installed to protect all areas of a dwelling unit.
1. Attics, crawl spaces and normally unoccupied concealed spaces that do not contain fuel-fired appliances do not require sprinklers. In attics, crawl spaces and normally unoccupied concealed spaces that contain fuel-fired equipment, a sprinkler shall be installed above the equipment; however, sprinklers shall not be required in the remainder of the space.
2. Clothes closets, linen closets and pantries not exceeding 24 square feet (2.2 m2) in area, with the smallest dimension not greater than 3 feet (915 mm) and having wall and ceiling surfaces of gypsum board.
3. Bathrooms not more than 55 square feet (5.1 m2) in area.
4. Garages; carports; exterior porches; unheated entry areas, such as mud rooms, that are adjacent to an exterior door; and similar areas.
Sprinklers shall have an intermediate temperature rating not less than 175°F (79°C) and not more than 225°F (107°C) where installed in the following locations:
1. Directly under skylights, where the sprinkler is exposed to direct sunlight.
2. In attics.
3. In concealed spaces located directly beneath a roof.
4. Within the distance to a heat source as specified in Table P2904.2.2.
TABLE P2904.2.2
LOCATIONS WHERE INTERMEDIATE TEMPERATURE SPRINKLERS ARE REQUIRED
HEAT SOURCE | RANGE OF DISTANCE FROM HEAT SOURCE WITHIN WHICH INTERMEDIATE TEMPERATURE SPRINKLERS ARE REQUIREDa, b (inches) |
Fireplace, side of open or recessed fireplace | 12 to 36 |
Fireplace, front of recessed fireplace | 36 to 60 |
Coal and wood burning stove | 12 to 42 |
Kitchen range top | 9 to 18 |
Oven | 9 to 18 |
Vent connector or chimney connector | 9 to 18 |
Heating duct, not insulated | 9 to 18 |
Hot water pipe, not insulated | 6 to 12 |
Side of ceiling or wall warm air register | 12 to 24 |
Front of wall mounted warm air register | 18 to 36 |
Water heater, furnace or boiler | 3 to 6 |
Luminaire up to 250 watts | 3 to 6 |
Luminaire 250 watts up to 499 watts | 6 to 12 |
Sprinkler coverage requirements and sprinkler obstruction requirements shall be in accordance with Sections P2904.2.4.1 and P2904.2.4.2.
P2904.2.4.1 Coverage area limit.The area of coverage of a single sprinkler shall not exceed 400 square feet (37 m2) and shall be based on the sprinkler listing and the sprinkler manufacturer’s installation instructions. P2904.2.4.2 Obstructions to coverage.
Sprinkler discharge shall not be blocked by obstructions unless additional sprinklers are installed to protect the obstructed area. Additional sprinklers shall not be required where the sprinkler separation from obstructions complies with either the minimum distance indicated in Figure P2904.2.4.2 or the minimum distances specified in the sprinkler manufacturer’s instructions where the manufacturer’s instructions permit a lesser distance.
FIGURE P2904.2.4.2
MINIMUM ALLOWABLE DISTANCE BETWEEN SPRINKLER AND OBSTRUCTION
Pendent sprinklers within 3 feet (915 mm) of the center of a ceiling fan, surface-mounted ceiling luminaire or similar object shall be considered to be obstructed, and additional sprinklers shall be installed. P2904.2.4.2.2 Additional requirements for sidewall sprinklers.
Sidewall sprinklers within 5 feet (1524 mm) of the center of a ceiling fan, surface-mounted ceiling luminaire or similar object shall be considered to be obstructed, and additional sprinklers shall be installed.
Nonmetallic pipe and tubing, such as CPVC, PEX, and PE-RT shall be listed for use in residential fire sprinkler systems.
P2904.3.1.1 Nonmetallic pipe protection.Nonmetallic pipe and tubing systems shall be protected from exposure to the living space by a layer of not less than 3/8-inch-thick (9.5 mm) gypsum wallboard, 1/2-inch-thick (13 mm) plywood, or other material having a 15- minute fire rating.
1. Pipe protection shall not be required in areas that do not require protection with sprinklers as specified in Section P2904.1.1.
2. Pipe protection shall not be required where exposed piping is permitted by the pipe listing.
The minimum required flow for each sprinkler shall be determined using the sprinkler manufacturer’s published data for the specific sprinkler model based on all of the following:
1. The area of coverage.
2. The ceiling configuration.
3. The temperature rating.
4. Any additional conditions specified by the sprinkler manufacturer.
The design flow rate for the system shall be based on the following:
1. The design flow rate for a room having only one sprinkler shall be the flow rate required for that sprinkler, as determined by Section P2904.4.1.
2. The design flow rate for a room having two or more sprinklers a shall be determined by identifying the sprinkler in that room with the highest required flow rate, based on Section P2904.4.1, and multiplying that flow rate by 2.
3. Where the sprinkler manufacturer specifies different criteria for ceiling configurations that are not smooth, flat and horizontal, the required flow rate for that room shall comply with the sprinkler manufacturer’s instructions.
4. The design flow rate for the sprinkler system shall be the flow required by the room with the largest flow rate, based on Items 1, 2 and 3.
5. For the purpose of this section, it shall be permissible to reduce the design flow rate for a room by subdividing the space into two or more rooms, where each room is evaluated separately with respect to the required design flow rate. Each room shall be bounded by walls and a ceiling. Openings in walls shall have a lintel not less than 8 inches (203 mm) in depth and each lintel shall form a solid barrier between the ceiling and the top of the opening.
The water supply shall have the capacity to provide the required design flow rate for sprinklers for a period of time as follows:
1. Seven minutes for dwelling units one story in height and less than 2,000 square feet (186 m2) in area.
2. Ten minutes for dwelling units two or more stories in height or equal to or greater than 2,000 square feet (186 m2) in area.
Pipe shall be sized by determining the available pressure to offset friction loss in piping and identifying a piping material, diameter and length using the equation in Section P2904.6.2.1 and the procedure in Section P2904.6.2.2.
TABLE P2904.6.2(1)
WATER SERVICE PRESSURE LOSS (PLsvc)a, b
FLOW RATEc (gpm) | 3/4-INCH WATER SERVICE PRESSURE LOSS (psi) | 1-INCH WATER SERVICE PRESSURE LOSS (psi) | 11/4-INCH WATER SERVICE PRESSURE LOSS (psi) | |||||||||
Length of water service pipe (feet) | Length of water service pipe (feet) | Length of water service pipe (feet) | ||||||||||
40 or less | 41 to 75 | 76 to 100 | 101 to 150 | 40 or less | 41 to 75 | 76 to 100 | 101 to 150 | 40 or less | 41 to 75 | 76 to 100 | 101 to 150 | |
8 | 5.1 | 8.7 | 11.8 | 17.4 | 1.5 | 2.5 | 3.4 | 5.1 | 0.6 | 1.0 | 1.3 | 1.9 |
10 | 7.7 | 13.1 | 17.8 | 26.3 | 2.3 | 3.8 | 5.2 | 7.7 | 0.8 | 1.4 | 2.0 | 2.9 |
12 | 10.8 | 18.4 | 24.9 | NP | 3.2 | 5.4 | 7.3 | 10.7 | 1.2 | 2.0 | 2.7 | 4.0 |
14 | 14.4 | 24.5 | NP | NP | 4.2 | 7.1 | 9.6 | 14.3 | 1.6 | 2.7 | 3.6 | 5.4 |
16 | 18.4 | NP | NP | NP | 5.4 | 9.1 | 12.4 | 18.3 | 2.0 | 3.4 | 4.7 | 6.9 |
18 | 22.9 | NP | NP | NP | 6.7 | 11.4 | 15.4 | 22.7 | 2.5 | 4.3 | 5.8 | 8.6 |
20 | 27.8 | NP | NP | NP | 8.1 | 13.8 | 18.7 | 27.6 | 3.1 | 5.2 | 7.0 | 10.4 |
22 | NP | NP | NP | NP | 9.7 | 16.5 | 22.3 | NP | 3.7 | 6.2 | 8.4 | 12.4 |
24 | NP | NP | NP | NP | 11.4 | 19.3 | 26.2 | NP | 4.3 | 7.3 | 9.9 | 14.6 |
26 | NP | NP | NP | NP | 13.2 | 22.4 | NP | NP | 5.0 | 8.5 | 11.4 | 16.9 |
28 | NP | NP | NP | NP | 15.1 | 25.7 | NP | NP | 5.7 | 9.7 | 13.1 | 19.4 |
30 | NP | NP | NP | NP | 17.2 | NP | NP | NP | 6.5 | 11.0 | 14.9 | 22.0 |
32 | NP | NP | NP | NP | 19.4 | NP | NP | NP | 7.3 | 12.4 | 16.8 | 24.8 |
34 | NP | NP | NP | NP | 21.7 | NP | NP | NP | 8.2 | 13.9 | 18.8 | NP |
36 | NP | NP | NP | NP | 24.1 | NP | NP | NP | 9.1 | 15.4 | 20.9 | NP |
TABLE P2904.6.2(2)
MINIMUM WATER METER PRESSURE LOSS (PLm)a
FLOW RATE (gallons per minute, gpm)b | 5/8-INCH METER PRESSURE LOSS (pounds per square inch, psi) | 3/4-INCH METER PRESSURE LESS (pounds per square inch, psi) | 1-INCH METER PRESSURE LOSS (pounds per square inch, psi) |
8 | 2 | 1 | 1 |
10 | 3 | 1 | 1 |
12 | 4 | 1 | 1 |
14 | 5 | 2 | 1 |
16 | 7 | 3 | 1 |
18 | 9 | 4 | 1 |
20 | 11 | 4 | 2 |
22 | NP | 5 | 2 |
24 | NP | 5 | 2 |
26 | NP | 6 | 2 |
28 | NP | 6 | 2 |
30 | NP | 7 | 2 |
32 | NP | 7 | 3 |
34 | NP | 8 | 3 |
36 | NP | 8 | 3 |
TABLE P2904.6.2(3)
ELEVATION LOSS (PLe)
ELEVATION (feet) | PRESSURE LOSS (psi) |
5 | 2.2 |
10 | 4.4 |
15 | 6.5 |
20 | 8.7 |
25 | 10.9 |
30 | 13 |
35 | 15.2 |
40 | 17.4 |
TABLE P2904.6.2(4)
ALLOWABLE PIPE LENGTH FOR 3/4-INCH TYPE M COPPER WATER TUBING
SPRINKLER FLOW RATEa (gpm) | WATER DISTRIBUTION SIZE (inch) | AVAILABLE PRESSURE—Pt (psi) | |||||||||
15 | 20 | 25 | 30 | 35 | 40 | 45 | 50 | 55 | 60 | ||
Allowable length of pipe from service valve to farthest sprinkler (feet) | |||||||||||
8 | 3/4 | 217 | 289 | 361 | 434 | 506 | 578 | 650 | 723 | 795 | 867 |
9 | 3/4 | 174 | 232 | 291 | 349 | 407 | 465 | 523 | 581 | 639 | 697 |
10 | 3/4 | 143 | 191 | 239 | 287 | 335 | 383 | 430 | 478 | 526 | 574 |
11 | 3/4 | 120 | 160 | 200 | 241 | 281 | 321 | 361 | 401 | 441 | 481 |
12 | 3/4 | 102 | 137 | 171 | 205 | 239 | 273 | 307 | 341 | 375 | 410 |
13 | 3/4 | 88 | 118 | 147 | 177 | 206 | 235 | 265 | 294 | 324 | 353 |
14 | 3/4 | 77 | 103 | 128 | 154 | 180 | 205 | 231 | 257 | 282 | 308 |
15 | 3/4 | 68 | 90 | 113 | 136 | 158 | 181 | 203 | 226 | 248 | 271 |
16 | 3/4 | 60 | 80 | 100 | 120 | 140 | 160 | 180 | 200 | 220 | 241 |
17 | 3/4 | 54 | 72 | 90 | 108 | 125 | 143 | 161 | 179 | 197 | 215 |
18 | 3/4 | 48 | 64 | 81 | 97 | 113 | 129 | 145 | 161 | 177 | 193 |
19 | 3/4 | 44 | 58 | 73 | 88 | 102 | 117 | 131 | 146 | 160 | 175 |
20 | 3/4 | 40 | 53 | 66 | 80 | 93 | 106 | 119 | 133 | 146 | 159 |
21 | 3/4 | 36 | 48 | 61 | 73 | 85 | 97 | 109 | 121 | 133 | 145 |
22 | 3/4 | 33 | 44 | 56 | 67 | 78 | 89 | 100 | 111 | 122 | 133 |
23 | 3/4 | 31 | 41 | 51 | 61 | 72 | 82 | 92 | 102 | 113 | 123 |
24 | 3/4 | 28 | 38 | 47 | 57 | 66 | 76 | 85 | 95 | 104 | 114 |
25 | 3/4 | 26 | 35 | 44 | 53 | 61 | 70 | 79 | 88 | 97 | 105 |
26 | 3/4 | 24 | 33 | 41 | 49 | 57 | 65 | 73 | 82 | 90 | 98 |
27 | 3/4 | 23 | 30 | 38 | 46 | 53 | 61 | 69 | 76 | 84 | 91 |
28 | 3/4 | 21 | 28 | 36 | 43 | 50 | 57 | 64 | 71 | 78 | 85 |
29 | 3/4 | 20 | 27 | 33 | 40 | 47 | 53 | 60 | 67 | 73 | 80 |
30 | 3/4 | 19 | 25 | 31 | 38 | 44 | 50 | 56 | 63 | 69 | 75 |
31 | 3/4 | 18 | 24 | 29 | 35 | 41 | 47 | 53 | 59 | 65 | 71 |
32 | 3/4 | 17 | 22 | 28 | 33 | 39 | 44 | 50 | 56 | 61 | 67 |
33 | 3/4 | 16 | 21 | 26 | 32 | 37 | 42 | 47 | 53 | 58 | 63 |
34 | 3/4 | NP | 20 | 25 | 30 | 35 | 40 | 45 | 50 | 55 | 60 |
35 | 3/4 | NP | 19 | 24 | 28 | 33 | 38 | 42 | 47 | 52 | 57 |
36 | 3/4 | NP | 18 | 22 | 27 | 31 | 36 | 40 | 45 | 49 | 54 |
37 | 3/4 | NP | 17 | 21 | 26 | 30 | 34 | 38 | 43 | 47 | 51 |
38 | 3/4 | NP | 16 | 20 | 24 | 28 | 32 | 36 | 40 | 45 | 49 |
39 | 3/4 | NP | 15 | 19 | 23 | 27 | 31 | 35 | 39 | 42 | 46 |
40 | 3/4 | NP | NP | 18 | 22 | 26 | 29 | 33 | 37 | 40 | 44 |
TABLE P2904.6.2(5)
ALLOWABLE PIPE LENGTH FOR 1-INCH TYPE M COPPER WATER TUBING
SPRINKLER FLOW RATEa (gpm) | WATER DISTRIBUTION SIZE (inch) | AVAILABLE PRESSURE—Pt (psi) | |||||||||
15 | 20 | 25 | 30 | 35 | 40 | 45 | 50 | 55 | 60 | ||
Allowable length of pipe from service valve to farthest sprinkler (feet) | |||||||||||
8 | 1 | 806 | 1075 | 1343 | 1612 | 1881 | 2149 | 2418 | 2687 | 2955 | 3224 |
9 | 1 | 648 | 864 | 1080 | 1296 | 1512 | 1728 | 1945 | 2161 | 2377 | 2593 |
10 | 1 | 533 | 711 | 889 | 1067 | 1245 | 1422 | 1600 | 1778 | 1956 | 2134 |
11 | 1 | 447 | 586 | 745 | 894 | 1043 | 1192 | 1341 | 1491 | 1640 | 1789 |
12 | 1 | 381 | 508 | 634 | 761 | 888 | 1015 | 1142 | 1269 | 1396 | 1523 |
13 | 1 | 328 | 438 | 547 | 657 | 766 | 875 | 985 | 1094 | 1204 | 1313 |
14 | 1 | 286 | 382 | 477 | 572 | 668 | 763 | 859 | 954 | 1049 | 1145 |
15 | 1 | 252 | 336 | 420 | 504 | 588 | 672 | 756 | 840 | 924 | 1008 |
16 | 1 | 224 | 298 | 373 | 447 | 522 | 596 | 671 | 745 | 820 | 894 |
17 | 1 | 200 | 266 | 333 | 400 | 466 | 533 | 600 | 666 | 733 | 799 |
18 | 1 | 180 | 240 | 300 | 360 | 420 | 479 | 539 | 599 | 659 | 719 |
19 | 1 | 163 | 217 | 271 | 325 | 380 | 434 | 488 | 542 | 597 | 651 |
20 | 1 | 148 | 197 | 247 | 296 | 345 | 395 | 444 | 493 | 543 | 592 |
21 | 1 | 135 | 180 | 225 | 270 | 315 | 360 | 406 | 451 | 496 | 541 |
22 | 1 | 124 | 165 | 207 | 248 | 289 | 331 | 372 | 413 | 455 | 496 |
23 | 1 | 114 | 152 | 190 | 228 | 267 | 305 | 343 | 381 | 419 | 457 |
24 | 1 | 106 | 141 | 176 | 211 | 246 | 282 | 317 | 352 | 387 | 422 |
25 | 1 | 98 | 131 | 163 | 196 | 228 | 261 | 294 | 326 | 359 | 392 |
26 | 1 | 91 | 121 | 152 | 182 | 212 | 243 | 273 | 304 | 334 | 364 |
27 | 1 | 85 | 113 | 142 | 170 | 198 | 226 | 255 | 283 | 311 | 340 |
28 | 1 | 79 | 106 | 132 | 159 | 185 | 212 | 238 | 265 | 291 | 318 |
29 | 1 | 74 | 99 | 124 | 149 | 174 | 198 | 223 | 248 | 273 | 298 |
30 | 1 | 70 | 93 | 116 | 140 | 163 | 186 | 210 | 233 | 256 | 280 |
31 | 1 | 66 | 88 | 110 | 132 | 153 | 175 | 197 | 219 | 241 | 263 |
32 | 1 | 62 | 83 | 103 | 124 | 145 | 165 | 186 | 207 | 227 | 248 |
33 | 1 | 59 | 78 | 98 | 117 | 137 | 156 | 176 | 195 | 215 | 234 |
34 | 1 | 55 | 74 | 92 | 111 | 129 | 148 | 166 | 185 | 203 | 222 |
35 | 1 | 53 | 70 | 88 | 105 | 123 | 140 | 158 | 175 | 193 | 210 |
36 | 1 | 50 | 66 | 83 | 100 | 116 | 133 | 150 | 166 | 183 | 199 |
37 | 1 | 47 | 63 | 79 | 95 | 111 | 126 | 142 | 158 | 174 | 190 |
38 | 1 | 45 | 60 | 75 | 90 | 105 | 120 | 135 | 150 | 165 | 181 |
39 | 1 | 43 | 57 | 72 | 86 | 100 | 115 | 129 | 143 | 158 | 172 |
40 | 1 | 41 | 55 | 68 | 82 | 96 | 109 | 123 | 137 | 150 | 164 |
TABLE P2904.6.2(6)
ALLOWABLE PIPE LENGTH FOR 3/4-INCH CPVC PIPE
SPRINKLER FLOW RATEa (gpm) | WATER DISTRIBUTION SIZE (inch) | AVAILABLE PRESSURE—Pt (psi) | |||||||||
15 | 20 | 25 | 30 | 35 | 40 | 45 | 50 | 55 | 60 | ||
Allowable length of pipe from service valve to farthest sprinkler (feet) | |||||||||||
8 | 3/4 | 348 | 465 | 581 | 697 | 813 | 929 | 1045 | 1161 | 1278 | 1394 |
9 | 3/4 | 280 | 374 | 467 | 560 | 654 | 747 | 841 | 934 | 1027 | 1121 |
10 | 3/4 | 231 | 307 | 384 | 461 | 538 | 615 | 692 | 769 | 845 | 922 |
11 | 3/4 | 193 | 258 | 322 | 387 | 451 | 515 | 580 | 644 | 709 | 773 |
12 | 3/4 | 165 | 219 | 274 | 329 | 384 | 439 | 494 | 549 | 603 | 658 |
13 | 3/4 | 142 | 189 | 237 | 284 | 331 | 378 | 426 | 473 | 520 | 568 |
14 | 3/4 | 124 | 165 | 206 | 247 | 289 | 330 | 371 | 412 | 454 | 495 |
15 | 3/4 | 109 | 145 | 182 | 218 | 254 | 290 | 327 | 363 | 399 | 436 |
16 | 3/4 | 97 | 129 | 161 | 193 | 226 | 258 | 290 | 322 | 354 | 387 |
17 | 3/4 | 86 | 115 | 144 | 173 | 202 | 230 | 259 | 288 | 317 | 346 |
18 | 3/4 | 78 | 104 | 130 | 155 | 181 | 207 | 233 | 259 | 285 | 311 |
19 | 3/4 | 70 | 94 | 117 | 141 | 164 | 188 | 211 | 234 | 258 | 281 |
20 | 3/4 | 64 | 85 | 107 | 128 | 149 | 171 | 192 | 213 | 235 | 256 |
21 | 3/4 | 58 | 78 | 97 | 117 | 136 | 156 | 175 | 195 | 214 | 234 |
22 | 3/4 | 54 | 71 | 89 | 107 | 125 | 143 | 161 | 179 | 197 | 214 |
23 | 3/4 | 49 | 66 | 82 | 99 | 115 | 132 | 148 | 165 | 181 | 198 |
24 | 3/4 | 46 | 61 | 76 | 91 | 107 | 122 | 137 | 152 | 167 | 183 |
25 | 3/4 | 42 | 56 | 71 | 85 | 99 | 113 | 127 | 141 | 155 | 169 |
26 | 3/4 | 39 | 52 | 66 | 79 | 92 | 105 | 118 | 131 | 144 | 157 |
27 | 3/4 | 37 | 49 | 61 | 73 | 86 | 98 | 110 | 122 | 135 | 147 |
28 | 3/4 | 34 | 46 | 57 | 69 | 80 | 92 | 103 | 114 | 126 | 137 |
29 | 3/4 | 32 | 43 | 54 | 64 | 75 | 86 | 96 | 107 | 118 | 129 |
30 | 3/4 | 30 | 40 | 50 | 60 | 70 | 81 | 91 | 101 | 111 | 121 |
31 | 3/4 | 28 | 38 | 47 | 57 | 66 | 76 | 85 | 95 | 104 | 114 |
32 | 3/4 | 27 | 36 | 45 | 54 | 63 | 71 | 80 | 89 | 98 | 107 |
33 | 3/4 | 25 | 34 | 42 | 51 | 59 | 68 | 76 | 84 | 93 | 101 |
34 | 3/4 | 24 | 32 | 40 | 48 | 56 | 64 | 72 | 80 | 88 | 96 |
35 | 3/4 | 23 | 30 | 38 | 45 | 53 | 61 | 68 | 76 | 83 | 91 |
36 | 3/4 | 22 | 29 | 36 | 43 | 50 | 57 | 65 | 72 | 79 | 86 |
37 | 3/4 | 20 | 27 | 34 | 41 | 48 | 55 | 61 | 68 | 75 | 82 |
38 | 3/4 | 20 | 26 | 33 | 39 | 46 | 52 | 59 | 65 | 72 | 78 |
39 | 3/4 | 19 | 25 | 31 | 37 | 43 | 50 | 56 | 62 | 68 | 74 |
40 | 3/4 | 18 | 24 | 30 | 35 | 41 | 47 | 53 | 59 | 65 | 71 |
TABLE P2904.6.2(7)
ALLOWABLE PIPE LENGTH FOR 1-INCH CPVC PIPE
SPRINKLER FLOW RATEa (gpm) | WATER DISTRIBUTION SIZE (inch) | AVAILABLE PRESSURE—Pt (psi) | |||||||||
15 | 20 | 25 | 30 | 35 | 40 | 45 | 50 | 55 | 60 | ||
Allowable length of pipe from service valve to farthest sprinkler (feet) | |||||||||||
8 | 1 | 1049 | 1398 | 1748 | 2098 | 2447 | 2797 | 3146 | 3496 | 3845 | 4195 |
9 | 1 | 843 | 1125 | 1406 | 1687 | 1968 | 2249 | 2530 | 2811 | 3093 | 3374 |
10 | 1 | 694 | 925 | 1157 | 1388 | 1619 | 1851 | 2082 | 2314 | 2545 | 2776 |
11 | 1 | 582 | 776 | 970 | 1164 | 1358 | 1552 | 1746 | 1940 | 2133 | 2327 |
12 | 1 | 495 | 660 | 826 | 991 | 1156 | 1321 | 1486 | 1651 | 1816 | 1981 |
13 | 1 | 427 | 570 | 712 | 854 | 997 | 1139 | 1281 | 1424 | 1566 | 1709 |
14 | 1 | 372 | 497 | 621 | 745 | 869 | 993 | 1117 | 1241 | 1366 | 1490 |
15 | 1 | 328 | 437 | 546 | 656 | 765 | 874 | 983 | 1093 | 1202 | 1311 |
16 | 1 | 291 | 388 | 485 | 582 | 679 | 776 | 873 | 970 | 1067 | 1164 |
17 | 1 | 260 | 347 | 433 | 520 | 607 | 693 | 780 | 867 | 954 | 1040 |
18 | 1 | 234 | 312 | 390 | 468 | 546 | 624 | 702 | 780 | 858 | 936 |
19 | 1 | 212 | 282 | 353 | 423 | 494 | 565 | 635 | 706 | 776 | 847 |
20 | 1 | 193 | 257 | 321 | 385 | 449 | 513 | 578 | 642 | 706 | 770 |
21 | 1 | 176 | 235 | 293 | 352 | 410 | 469 | 528 | 586 | 645 | 704 |
22 | 1 | 161 | 215 | 269 | 323 | 377 | 430 | 484 | 538 | 592 | 646 |
23 | 1 | 149 | 198 | 248 | 297 | 347 | 396 | 446 | 496 | 545 | 595 |
24 | 1 | 137 | 183 | 229 | 275 | 321 | 366 | 412 | 458 | 504 | 550 |
25 | 1 | 127 | 170 | 212 | 255 | 297 | 340 | 382 | 425 | 467 | 510 |
26 | 1 | 118 | 158 | 197 | 237 | 276 | 316 | 355 | 395 | 434 | 474 |
27 | 1 | 111 | 147 | 184 | 221 | 258 | 295 | 332 | 368 | 405 | 442 |
28 | 1 | 103 | 138 | 172 | 207 | 241 | 275 | 310 | 344 | 379 | 413 |
29 | 1 | 97 | 129 | 161 | 194 | 226 | 258 | 290 | 323 | 355 | 387 |
30 | 1 | 91 | 121 | 152 | 182 | 212 | 242 | 273 | 303 | 333 | 364 |
31 | 1 | 86 | 114 | 143 | 171 | 200 | 228 | 257 | 285 | 314 | 342 |
32 | 1 | 81 | 108 | 134 | 161 | 188 | 215 | 242 | 269 | 296 | 323 |
33 | 1 | 76 | 102 | 127 | 152 | 178 | 203 | 229 | 254 | 280 | 305 |
34 | 1 | 72 | 96 | 120 | 144 | 168 | 192 | 216 | 240 | 265 | 289 |
35 | 1 | 68 | 91 | 114 | 137 | 160 | 182 | 205 | 228 | 251 | 273 |
36 | 1 | 65 | 87 | 108 | 130 | 151 | 173 | 195 | 216 | 238 | 260 |
37 | 1 | 62 | 82 | 103 | 123 | 144 | 165 | 185 | 206 | 226 | 247 |
38 | 1 | 59 | 78 | 98 | 117 | 137 | 157 | 176 | 196 | 215 | 235 |
39 | 1 | 56 | 75 | 93 | 112 | 131 | 149 | 168 | 187 | 205 | 224 |
40 | 1 | 53 | 71 | 89 | 107 | 125 | 142 | 160 | 178 | 196 | 214 |
TABLE P2904.6.2(8)
ALLOWABLE PIPE LENGTH FOR 3/4-INCH PEX AND PE-RT TUBING
SPRINKLER FLOW RATEa (gpm) | WATER DISTRIBUTION SIZE (inch) | AVAILABLE PRESSURE—Pt (psi) | |||||||||
15 | 20 | 25 | 30 | 35 | 40 | 45 | 50 | 55 | 60 | ||
Allowable length of pipe from service valve to farthest sprinkler (feet) | |||||||||||
8 | 3/4 | 93 | 123 | 154 | 185 | 216 | 247 | 278 | 309 | 339 | 370 |
9 | 3/4 | 74 | 99 | 124 | 149 | 174 | 199 | 223 | 248 | 273 | 298 |
10 | 3/4 | 61 | 82 | 102 | 123 | 143 | 163 | 184 | 204 | 225 | 245 |
11 | 3/4 | 51 | 68 | 86 | 103 | 120 | 137 | 154 | 171 | 188 | 205 |
12 | 3/4 | 44 | 58 | 73 | 87 | 102 | 117 | 131 | 146 | 160 | 175 |
13 | 3/4 | 38 | 50 | 63 | 75 | 88 | 101 | 113 | 126 | 138 | 151 |
14 | 3/4 | 33 | 44 | 55 | 66 | 77 | 88 | 99 | 110 | 121 | 132 |
15 | 3/4 | 29 | 39 | 48 | 58 | 68 | 77 | 87 | 96 | 106 | 116 |
16 | 3/4 | 26 | 34 | 43 | 51 | 60 | 68 | 77 | 86 | 94 | 103 |
17 | 3/4 | 23 | 31 | 38 | 46 | 54 | 61 | 69 | 77 | 84 | 92 |
18 | 3/4 | 21 | 28 | 34 | 41 | 48 | 55 | 62 | 69 | 76 | 83 |
19 | 3/4 | 19 | 25 | 31 | 37 | 44 | 50 | 56 | 62 | 69 | 75 |
20 | 3/4 | 17 | 23 | 28 | 34 | 40 | 45 | 51 | 57 | 62 | 68 |
21 | 3/4 | 16 | 21 | 26 | 31 | 36 | 41 | 47 | 52 | 57 | 62 |
22 | 3/4 | NP | 19 | 24 | 28 | 33 | 38 | 43 | 47 | 52 | 57 |
23 | 3/4 | NP | 17 | 22 | 26 | 31 | 35 | 39 | 44 | 48 | 52 |
24 | 3/4 | NP | 16 | 20 | 24 | 28 | 32 | 36 | 40 | 44 | 49 |
25 | 3/4 | NP | NP | 19 | 22 | 26 | 30 | 34 | 37 | 41 | 45 |
26 | 3/4 | NP | NP | 17 | 21 | 24 | 28 | 31 | 35 | 38 | 42 |
27 | 3/4 | NP | NP | 16 | 20 | 23 | 26 | 29 | 33 | 36 | 39 |
28 | 3/4 | NP | NP | 15 | 18 | 21 | 24 | 27 | 30 | 33 | 36 |
29 | 3/4 | NP | NP | NP | 17 | 20 | 23 | 26 | 28 | 31 | 34 |
30 | 3/4 | NP | NP | NP | 16 | 19 | 21 | 24 | 27 | 29 | 32 |
31 | 3/4 | NP | NP | NP | 15 | 18 | 20 | 23 | 25 | 28 | 30 |
32 | 3/4 | NP | NP | NP | NP | 17 | 19 | 21 | 24 | 26 | 28 |
33 | 3/4 | NP | NP | NP | NP | 16 | 18 | 20 | 22 | 25 | 27 |
34 | 3/4 | NP | NP | NP | NP | NP | 17 | 19 | 21 | 23 | 25 |
35 | 3/4 | NP | NP | NP | NP | NP | 16 | 18 | 20 | 22 | 24 |
36 | 3/4 | NP | NP | NP | NP | NP | 15 | 17 | 19 | 21 | 23 |
37 | 3/4 | NP | NP | NP | NP | NP | NP | 16 | 18 | 20 | 22 |
38 | 3/4 | NP | NP | NP | NP | NP | NP | 16 | 17 | 19 | 21 |
39 | 3/4 | NP | NP | NP | NP | NP | NP | NP | 16 | 18 | 20 |
40 | 3/4 | NP | NP | NP | NP | NP | NP | NP | 16 | 17 | 19 |
TABLE P2904.6.2(9)
ALLOWABLE PIPE LENGTH FOR 1-INCH PEX AND PE-RT TUBING
SPRINKLER FLOW RATEa (gpm) | WATER DISTRIBUTION SIZE (inch) | AVAILABLE PRESSURE—Pt (psi) | |||||||||
15 | 20 | 25 | 30 | 35 | 40 | 45 | 50 | 55 | 60 | ||
Allowable length of pipe from service valve to farthest sprinkler (feet) | |||||||||||
8 | 1 | 314 | 418 | 523 | 628 | 732 | 837 | 941 | 1046 | 1151 | 1255 |
9 | 1 | 252 | 336 | 421 | 505 | 589 | 673 | 757 | 841 | 925 | 1009 |
10 | 1 | 208 | 277 | 346 | 415 | 485 | 554 | 623 | 692 | 761 | 831 |
11 | 1 | 174 | 232 | 290 | 348 | 406 | 464 | 522 | 580 | 638 | 696 |
12 | 1 | 148 | 198 | 247 | 296 | 346 | 395 | 445 | 494 | 543 | 593 |
13 | 1 | 128 | 170 | 213 | 256 | 298 | 341 | 383 | 426 | 469 | 511 |
14 | 1 | 111 | 149 | 186 | 223 | 260 | 297 | 334 | 371 | 409 | 446 |
15 | 1 | 98 | 131 | 163 | 196 | 229 | 262 | 294 | 327 | 360 | 392 |
16 | 1 | 87 | 116 | 145 | 174 | 203 | 232 | 261 | 290 | 319 | 348 |
17 | 1 | 78 | 104 | 130 | 156 | 182 | 208 | 233 | 259 | 285 | 311 |
18 | 1 | 70 | 93 | 117 | 140 | 163 | 187 | 210 | 233 | 257 | 280 |
19 | 1 | 63 | 84 | 106 | 127 | 148 | 169 | 190 | 211 | 232 | 253 |
20 | 1 | 58 | 77 | 96 | 115 | 134 | 154 | 173 | 192 | 211 | 230 |
21 | 1 | 53 | 70 | 88 | 105 | 123 | 140 | 158 | 175 | 193 | 211 |
22 | 1 | 48 | 64 | 80 | 97 | 113 | 129 | 145 | 161 | 177 | 193 |
23 | 1 | 44 | 59 | 74 | 89 | 104 | 119 | 133 | 148 | 163 | 178 |
24 | 1 | 41 | 55 | 69 | 82 | 96 | 110 | 123 | 137 | 151 | 164 |
25 | 1 | 38 | 51 | 64 | 76 | 89 | 102 | 114 | 127 | 140 | 152 |
26 | 1 | 35 | 47 | 59 | 71 | 83 | 95 | 106 | 118 | 130 | 142 |
27 | 1 | 33 | 44 | 55 | 66 | 77 | 88 | 99 | 110 | 121 | 132 |
28 | 1 | 31 | 41 | 52 | 62 | 72 | 82 | 93 | 103 | 113 | 124 |
29 | 1 | 29 | 39 | 48 | 58 | 68 | 77 | 87 | 97 | 106 | 116 |
30 | 1 | 27 | 36 | 45 | 54 | 63 | 73 | 82 | 91 | 100 | 109 |
31 | 1 | 26 | 34 | 43 | 51 | 60 | 68 | 77 | 85 | 94 | 102 |
32 | 1 | 24 | 32 | 40 | 48 | 56 | 64 | 72 | 80 | 89 | 97 |
33 | 1 | 23 | 30 | 38 | 46 | 53 | 61 | 68 | 76 | 84 | 91 |
34 | 1 | 22 | 29 | 36 | 43 | 50 | 58 | 65 | 72 | 79 | 86 |
35 | 1 | 20 | 27 | 34 | 41 | 48 | 55 | 61 | 68 | 75 | 82 |
36 | 1 | 19 | 26 | 32 | 39 | 45 | 52 | 58 | 65 | 71 | 78 |
37 | 1 | 18 | 25 | 31 | 37 | 43 | 49 | 55 | 62 | 68 | 74 |
38 | 1 | 18 | 23 | 29 | 35 | 41 | 47 | 53 | 59 | 64 | 70 |
39 | 1 | 17 | 22 | 28 | 33 | 39 | 45 | 50 | 56 | 61 | 67 |
40 | 1 | 16 | 21 | 27 | 32 | 37 | 43 | 48 | 53 | 59 | 64 |
The pressure available to offset friction loss in the interior piping system (Pt) shall be determined in accordance with the Equation 29-1.
Pt = Psup - PLsvc - PLm - PLd - PLe - Psp | (Equation 29-1) |
Pt | = | Pressure used in applying Tables P2904.6.2(4) through P2904.6.2(9). |
Psup | = | Pressure available from the water supply source. |
PLsvc | = | Pressure loss in the water-service pipe. |
PLm | = | Pressure loss in the water meter. |
PLd | = | Pressure loss from devices other than the water meter. |
PLe | = | Pressure loss associated with changes in elevation. |
Psp | = | Maximum pressure required by a sprinkler. |
Determination of the required size for water distribution piping shall be in accordance with the following procedure:
Obtain the static supply pressure that will be available from the water main from the water purveyor, or for an individual source, the available supply pressure shall be in accordance with Section P2904.5.1.
Use Table P2904.6.2(1) to determine the pressure loss in the water service pipe based on the selected size of the water service.
Use Table P2904.6.2(2) to determine the pressure loss from the water meter, based on the selected water meter size.
Determine the pressure loss from devices other than the water meter installed in the piping system supplying sprinklers, such as pressure-reducing valves, backflow preventers, water softeners or water filters. Device pressure losses shall be based on the device manufacturer’s specifications. The flow rate used to determine pressure loss shall be the rate from Section P2904.4.2, except that 5 gpm (0.3 L/s) shall be added where the device is installed in a water-service pipe that supplies more than one dwelling. As alternative to deducting pressure loss for a device, an automatic bypass valve shall be installed to divert flow around the device when a sprinkler activates.
Use Table P2904.6.2(3) to determine the pressure loss associated with changes in elevation. The elevation used in applying the table shall be the difference between the elevation where the water source pressure was measured and the elevation of the highest sprinkler.
Determine the maximum pressure required by any individual sprinkler based on the flow rate from Section P2904.4.1. The required pressure is provided in the sprinkler manufacturer’s published data for the specific sprinkler model based on the selected flow rate.
Using Equation 29-1, calculate the pressure available to offset friction loss in water-distribution piping between the service valve and the sprinklers.
Use Tables P2904.6.2(4) through P2904.6.2(9) to select a material and size for water distribution piping. The piping material and size shall be acceptable if the developed length of pipe between the service valve and the most remote sprinkler does not exceed the maximum allowable length specified by the applicable table. Interpolation of Pt between the tabular values shall be permitted.
The following items shall be verified prior to the concealment of any sprinkler system piping:
1. Sprinklers are installed in all areas as required by Section P2904.1.1.
2. Where sprinkler water spray patterns are obstructed by construction features, luminaires or ceiling fans, additional sprinklers are installed as required by Section P2904.2.4.2.
3. Sprinklers are the correct temperature rating and are installed at or beyond the required separation distances from heat sources as required by Sections P2904.2.1 and P2904.2.2.
4. The pipe size equals or exceeds the size used in applying Tables P2904.6.2(4) through P2904.6.2(9) or, if the piping system was hydraulically calculated in accordance with Section P2904.6.1, the size used in the hydraulic calculation.
5. The pipe length does not exceed the length permitted by Tables P2904.6.2(4) through P2904.6.2(9) or, if the piping system was hydraulically calculated in accordance with Section P2904.6.1, pipe lengths and fittings do not exceed those used in the hydraulic calculation.
6. Nonmetallic piping that conveys water to sprinklers is listed for use with fire sprinklers.
7. Piping is supported in accordance with the pipe manufacturer’s and sprinkler manufacturer’s installation instructions.
8. The piping system is tested in accordance with Section P2503.7.
The following items shall be verified upon completion of the system:
1. Sprinkler are not painted, damaged or otherwise hindered from operation.
2. Where a pump is required to provide water to the system, the pump starts automatically upon system water demand.
3. Pressure-reducing valves, water softeners, water filters or other impairments to water flow that were not part of the original design have not been installed.
4. The sign or valve tag required by Section P2904.7 is installed and the owner’s manual for the system is present.
Water service pipe shall conform to NSF 61 and shall conform to one of the standards listed in Table P2905.4. Water service pipe or tubing, installed underground and outside of the structure, shall have a working pressure rating of not less than 160 pounds per square inch at 73°F (1103 kPa at 23°C). Where the water pressure exceeds 160 pounds per square inch (1103 kPa), piping material shall have a rated working pressure equal to or greater than the highest available pressure. Water service piping materials not third-party certified for water distribution shall terminate at or before the full open valve located at the entrance to the structure. Ductile iron water service piping shall be cement mortar lined in accordance with AWWA C104.
TABLE P2905.4
WATER SERVICE PIPE
MATERIAL | STANDARD |
Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) plastic pipe | ASTM D 1527; ASTM D 2282 |
Asbestos-cement pipe | ASTM C 296 |
Brass pipe | ASTM B 43 |
Chlorinated polyvinyl chloride (CPVC) plastic pipe | ASTM D 2846; ASTM F 441; ASTM F 442; CSA B137.6 |
Copper or copper-alloy pipe | ASTM B 42; ASTM B 302 |
Copper or copper-alloy tubing (Type K, WK, L, WL, M or WM) | ASTM B 75; ASTM B 88; ASTM B 251; ASTM B 447 |
Cross-linked polyethylene/aluminum/cross-linked polyethylene (PEX-AL- PEX) pipe | ASTM F 1281; ASTM F 2262; CSA B137.10M |
Cross-linked polyethylene/aluminum/high-density polyethylene (PEX-AL- HDPE) | ASTM F 1986 |
Cross-linked polyethylene (PEX) plastic tubing | ASTM F 876; ASTM F 877; CSA B137.5 |
Ductile iron water pipe | AWWA C151; AWWA C115 |
Galvanized steel pipe | ASTM A 53 |
Polyethylene/aluminum/polyethylene (PE-AL-PE) pipe | ASTM F 1282; CSA CAN/CSA-B137.9M |
Polyethylene (PE) plastic pipe | ASTM D 2104; ASTM D 2239; AWWA C901; CSA B137.1 |
Polyethylene (PE) plastic tubing | ASTM D 2737; AWWA C901; CSA B137.1 |
Polyethylene of raised temperature (PE-RT) plastic tubing | ASTM F 2769 |
Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) plastic pipe | ASTM D 1785; ASTM D 2241; ASTM D 2672; CSA B137.3 |
Stainless steel (Type 304/304L) pipe | ASTM A 312; ASTM A 778 |
Stainless steel (Type 316/316L) pipe | ASTM A 312; ASTM A 778 |
Trenching, pipe installation and backfilling shall be in accordance with Section P2604. Water-service pipe is permitted to be located in the same trench with a building sewer provided such sewer is constructed of materials listed for underground use within a building in Section P3002.1. If the building sewer is not constructed of materials listed in Section P3002.1, the water-service pipe shall be separated from the building sewer by not less than 5 feet (1524 mm), measured horizontally, of undisturbed or compacted earth or placed on a solid ledge not less than 12 inches (305 mm) above and to one side of the highest point in the sewer line.
Water-distribution piping within dwelling units shall conform to NSF 61 and shall conform to one of the standards listed in Table P2905.5. All hot-water-distribution pipe and tubing shall have a pressure rating of not less than 100 psi at 180°F (689 kPa at 82°C).
TABLE P2905.5
WATER DISTRIBUTION PIPE
MATERIAL | STANDARD |
Brass pipe | ASTM B 43 |
Chlorinated polyvinyl chloride (CPVC) plastic pipe and tubing | ASTM D 2846; ASTM F 441; ASTM F 442; CSA B137.6 |
Copper or copper-alloy pipe | ASTM B 42; ASTM B 302 |
Copper or copper-alloy tubing (Type K, WK, L, WL, M or WM) | ASTM B 75; ASTM B 88; ASTM B 251; ASTM B 447 |
Cross-linked polyethylene (PEX) plastic tubing | ASTM F 876; ASTM F 877; CSA B137.5 |
Cross-linked polyethylene/aluminum/cross-linked polyethylene (PEX-AL- PEX) pipe | ASTM F 1281; ASTM F 2262; CSA B137.10M |
Cross-linked polyethylene/aluminum/high-density polyethylene (PEX-AL- HDPE) | ASTM F 1986 |
Galvanized steel pipe | ASTM A 53 |
Polyethylene/aluminum/polyethylene (PE-AL- PE) composite pipe | ASTM F 1282 |
Polyethylene of raised temperature (PE-RT) plastic tubing | ASTM F 2769 |
Polypropylene (PP) plastic pipe or tubing | ASTM F 2389; CSA B137.11 |
Stainless steel (Type 304/304L) pipe | ASTM A 312; ASTM A 778 |
Pipe fittings shall be approved for installation with the piping material installed and shall comply with the applicable standards listed in Table P2905.6. All pipe fittings used in water supply systems shall also comply with NSF 61.
TABLE P2905.6
PIPE FITTINGS
MATERIAL | STANDARD |
Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) plastic | ASTM D 2468 |
Brass | ASTM F1974 |
Cast-iron | ASME B16.4; ASME B16.12 |
Chlorinated polyvinyl chloride (CPVC) plastic | ASSE 1061; ASTM D 2846; ASTM F 437; ASTM F 438; ASTM F 439; CSA B137.6 |
Copper or copper alloy | ASSE 1061; ASME B16.15; ASME B16.18; ASME B16.22; ASME B16.23; ASME B16.26; ASME B16.29 |
Cross-linked polyethylene/aluminum/high-density polyethylene (PEX- AL-HDPE) | ASTM F 1986 |
Fittings for cross-linked polyethylene (PEX) plastic tubing | ASSE 1061; ASTM F 877; ASTM F 1807; ASTM F 1960; ASTM F 2080; ASTM F 2098; ASTM F 2159; ASTM F 2434; ASTM F 2735; CSA B137.5 |
Gray iron and ductile iron | AWWA C110; AWWA C153 |
Malleable iron | ASME B16.3 |
Insert fittings for Polyethylene/aluminum/polyethylene (PE-AL-PE) and cross-linked polyethylene/aluminum/polyethylene (PEX-AL-PEX) | ASTM F 1974; ASTM F 1281; ASTM F 1282; CSA B137.9; CSA B137.10 |
Polyethylene (PE) plastic | ASTM D 2609; CSA B137.1 |
Fittings for polyethylene of raised temperature (PE-RT) plastic tubing | ASTM F 1807; ASTM F2098; ASTM F 2159; ASTM F 2735 |
Polypropylene (PP) plastic pipe or tubing | ASTM F 2389; CSA B137.11 |
Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) plastic | ASTM D 2464; ASTM D 2466; ASTM D 2467; CSA B137.2; CSA B137.3 |
Stainless steel (Type 304/304L) pipe | ASTM A 312; ASTM A 778 |
Stainless steel (Type 316/316L) pipe | ASTM A 312; ASTM A 778 |
Steel | ASME B16.9; ASME B16.11; ASME B16.28 |
Solvent-cemented joints shall comply with Sections P2905.9.1.1 through P2905.9.1.3.
P2905.9.1.1 ABS plastic pipe.Solvent cement for ABS plastic pipe conforming to ASTM D 2235 shall be applied to all joint surfaces. P2905.9.1.2 CPVC plastic pipe.
Joint surfaces shall be clean and free from moisture and an approved primer shall be applied. Solvent cement for CPVC plastic pipe, orange in color and conforming to ASTM F 493, shall be applied to all joint surfaces. The parts shall be joined while the cement is wet and in accordance with ASTM D 2846 or ASTM F 493. Solvent-cement joints shall be permitted above or below ground.
1. The solvent cement used is third-party certified as conforming to ASTM F 493.
2. The solvent cement used is yellow in color.
3. The solvent cement is used only for joining 1/2 inch (13 mm) through 2 inch (51 mm) diameter CPVC pipe and fittings.
4. The CPVC pipe and fittings are manufactured in accordance with ASTM D 2846.
P2905.9.1.3 PVC plastic pipe.A purple primer that conforms to ASTM F 656 shall be applied to PVC solvent-cemented joints. Solvent cement for PVC plastic pipe conforming to ASTM D 2564 shall be applied to all joint surfaces. P2905.9.1.4 Cross-linked polyethylene plastic (PEX).
Joints between cross-linked polyethylene plastic tubing or fittings shall comply with Section P2905.9.1.4.1 or Section P2905.9.1.4.2. P2905.9.1.4.1 Flared joints.
Flared pipe ends shall be made by a tool designed for that operation. P2905.9.1.4.2 Mechanical joints.
Mechanical joints shall be installed in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions. Fittings for cross-linked polyethylene (PEX) plastic tubing shall comply with the applicable standards listed in Table P2905.6 and shall be installed in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions. PEX tubing shall be factory marked with the applicable standards for the fittings that the PEX manufacturer specifies for use with the tubing.