Masonry fireplaces shall be constructed in accordance with this section and the applicable provisions of Chapters 3 and 4.
TABLE R1001.1
SUMMARY OF REQUIREMENTS FOR MASONRY FIREPLACES AND CHIMNEYS
| ITEM | LETTERa | REQUIREMENTS |
| Hearth slab thickness | A | 4″ |
| Hearth extension | B | 8″ fireplace opening < 6 square foot. |
| (each side of opening) | 12″ fireplace opening ≥ 6 square foot. | |
| Hearth extension | C | 16″ fireplace opening < 6 square foot. |
| (front of opening) | 20″ fireplace opening ≥ 6 square foot. | |
| Hearth slab reinforcing | D | Reinforced to carry its own weight and all imposed loads. |
| Thickness of wall of firebox | E | 10″ solid brick or 8″ where a firebrick lining is used. Joints in firebrick 1/4″ maximum. |
| Distance from top of opening to throat | F | 8″ |
| Smoke chamber wall thickness | G | 6″ |
| Unlined walls | 8″ | |
| Chimney | H | Four No. 4 full-length bars for chimney up to 40″ wide. |
| Vertical reinforcingb | Add two No. 4 bars for each additional 40″ or fraction of width or each additional flue. | |
| Horizontal reinforcing | J | 1/4″ties at 18″ and two ties at each bend in vertical steel. |
| Bond beams | K | No specified requirements. |
| Fireplace lintel | L | Noncombustible material. |
| Chimney walls with flue lining | M | Solid masonry units or hollow masonry units grouted solid with at least 4-inch nominal thickness. |
| Distances between adjacent flues | — | See Section R1003.13. |
| Effective flue area (based on area of fireplace opening) | P | See Section R1003.15. |
| Clearances | R | |
| Combustible material | See Sections R1001.11 and R1003.18. | |
| Mantel and trim | See Section R1001.11, Exception 4. | |
| Above roof | 3' at roofline and 2' at 10'. | |
| Anchorageb | S | |
| Strap | 3/16″ × 1″ | |
| Number | Two | |
| Embedment into chimney | 12″ hooked around outer bar with 6″ extension. | |
| Fasten to | 4 joists | |
| Bolts | Two 1/2″ diameter. | |
| Footing | T | |
| Thickness | 12″ min. | |
| Width | 6″ each side of fireplace wall. |
FIGURE R1001.1
FIREPLACE AND CHIMNEY DETAILS
The firebox of a concrete or masonry fireplace shall have a minimum depth of 20 inches (508 mm). The throat shall not be less than 8 inches (203 mm) above the fireplace opening. The throat opening shall not be less than 4 inches (102 mm) deep. The cross-sectional area of the passageway above the firebox, including the throat, damper and smoke chamber, shall not be less than the cross-sectional area of the flue.
The minimum thickness of hearth extensions shall be 2 inches (51 mm).
All wood beams, joists, studs and other combustible material shall have a clearance of not less than 2 inches (51 mm) from the front faces and sides of masonry fireplaces and not less than 4 inches (102 mm) from the back faces of masonry fireplaces. The air space shall not be filled, except to provide fire blocking in accordance with Section R1001.12.
1. Masonry fireplaces listed and labeled for use in contact with combustibles in accordance with UL 127 and installed in accordance with the manufacturer’s installation instructions are permitted to have combustible material in contact with their exterior surfaces.
2. When masonry fireplaces are part of masonry or concrete walls, combustible materials shall not be in contact with the masonry or concrete walls less than 12 inches (306 mm) from the inside surface of the nearest firebox lining.
3. Exposed combustible trim and the edges of sheathing materials such as wood siding, flooring and drywall shall be permitted to abut the masonry fireplace side walls and hearth extension in accordance with Figure R1001.11, provided such combustible trim or sheathing is a minimum of 12 inches (305 mm) from the inside surface of the nearest firebox lining.
4. Exposed combustible mantels or trim may be placed directly on the masonry fireplace front surrounding the fireplace opening providing such combustible materials are not placed within 6 inches (152 mm) of a fireplace opening. Combustible material within 12 inches (306 mm) of the fireplace opening shall not project more than 1/8 inch (3 mm) for each 1-inch (25 mm) distance from such an opening.
FIGURE R1001.11
CLEARANCE FROM COMBUSTIBLES
Masonry heaters shall be installed in accordance with this section and comply with one of the following:
1. Masonry heaters shall comply with the requirements of ASTM E 1602; or
2. Masonry heaters shall be listed and labeled in accordance with UL 1482 and installed in accordance with the manufacturer’s installation instructions.
Combustible materials shall not be placed within 36 inches (914 mm) of the outside surface of a masonry heater in accordance with NFPA 211 Section 8-7 (clearances for solid-fuel-burning appliances), and the required space between the heater and combustible material shall be fully vented to permit the free flow of air around all heater surfaces.
1. When the masonry heater wall is at least 8 inches (203 mm) thick of solid masonry and the wall of the heat exchange channels is at least 5 inches (127 mm) thick of solid masonry, combustible materials shall not be placed within 4 inches (102 mm) of the outside surface of a masonry heater. A clearance of at least 8 inches (203 mm) shall be provided between the gas-tight capping slab of the heater and a combustible ceiling.
2. Masonry heaters listed and labeled in accordance with UL 1482 may be installed in accordance with the listing specifications and the manufacturer’s written instructions.
Where a spark arrestor is installed on a masonry chimney, the spark arrestor shall meet all of the following requirements:
1. The net free area of the arrestor shall not be less than four times the net free area of the outlet of the chimney flue it serves.
2. The arrestor screen shall have heat and corrosion resistance equivalent to 19-gage galvanized steel or 24-gage stainless steel.
3. Openings shall not permit the passage of spheres having a diameter greater than 1/2 inch (13 mm) nor block the passage of spheres having a diameter less than 3/8 inch (10 mm).
4. The spark arrestor shall be accessible for cleaning and the screen or chimney cap shall be removable to allow for cleaning of the chimney flue.
Flue lining systems shall comply with one of the following:
1. Clay flue lining complying with the requirements of ASTM C 315.
2. Listed and labeled chimney lining systems complying with UL 1777.
3. Factory-built chimneys or chimney units listed for installation within masonry chimneys.
4. Other approved materials that will resist corrosion, erosion, softening or cracking from flue gases and condensate at temperatures up to 1,800°F (982°C).
Flue lining and vent systems for use in masonry chimneys with pellet fuel-burning appliances shall be limited to the following:
1. Flue lining systems complying with Section R1003.11.1.
2. Pellet vents listed for installation within masonry chimneys. (See Section R1003.11.6 for marking.)
Flue lining and vent systems for use in masonry chimneys with oil-fired appliances approved for use with Type L vent shall be limited to the following:
1. Flue lining systems complying with Section R1003.11.1.
2. Listed chimney liners complying with UL 641. (See Section R1003.11.6 for marking.)
When a flue is relined with a material not complying with Section R1003.11.1, the chimney shall be plainly and permanently identified by a label attached to a wall, ceiling or other conspicuous location adjacent to where the connector enters the chimney. The label shall include the following message or equivalent language:
Clay flue liners shall be installed in accordance with ASTM C 1283 and extend from a point not less than 8 inches (203 mm) below the lowest inlet or, in the case of fireplaces, from the top of the smoke chamber to a point above the enclosing walls. The lining shall be carried up vertically, with a maximum slope no greater than 30 degrees (0.52 rad) from the vertical.
Clay flue liners shall be laid in medium-duty water insoluble refractory mortar conforming to ASTM C 199 with tight mortar joints left smooth on the inside and installed to maintain an air space or insulation not to exceed the thickness of the flue liner separating the flue liners from the interior face of the chimney masonry walls. Flue liners shall be supported on all sides. Only enough mortar shall be placed to make the joint and hold the liners in position.
The space surrounding a chimney lining system or vent installed within a masonry chimney shall not be used to vent any other appliance.
Chimney flues shall not be smaller in area than that of the area of the connector from the appliance [see Tables R1003.14(1) and R1003.14(2)]. The sizing of a chimney flue to which multiple appliance venting systems are connected shall be in accordance with Section M1805.3.
TABLE R1003.14(1)
NET CROSS-SECTIONAL AREA OF ROUND FLUE SIZESa
| FLUE SIZE, INSIDE DIAMETER (inches) | CROSS-SECTIONAL AREA (square inches) |
| 6 | 28 |
| 7 | 38 |
| 8 | 50 |
| 10 | 78 |
| 103/4 | 90 |
| 12 | 113 |
| 15 | 176 |
| 18 | 254 |
TABLE R1003.14(2)
NET CROSS-SECTIONAL AREA OF SQUARE AND
RECTANGULAR FLUE SIZES
| FLUE SIZE, OUTSIDE NOMINAL DIMENSIONS (inches) | CROSS-SECTIONAL AREA (square inches) |
| 4.5 × 8.5 | 23 |
| 4.5 × 13 | 34 |
| 8 × 8 | 42 |
| 8.5 × 8.5 | 49 |
| 8 × 12 | 67 |
| 8.5 × 13 | 76 |
| 12 × 12 | 102 |
| 8.5 × 18 | 101 |
| 13 × 13 | 127 |
| 12 × 16 | 131 |
| 13 × 18 | 173 |
| 16 × 16 | 181 |
| 16 × 20 | 222 |
| 18 × 18 | 233 |
| 20 × 20 | 298 |
| 20 × 24 | 335 |
| 24 × 24 | 431 |
The minimum net cross-sectional area of the chimney flue shall be determined in accordance with Figure R1003.15.2. A flue size providing at least the equivalent net cross-sectional area shall be used. Cross-sectional areas of clay flue linings are shown in Tables R1003.14(1) and R1003.14(2) or as provided by the manufacturer or as measured in the field. The height of the chimney shall be measured from the firebox floor to the top of the chimney flue.
FIGURE R1003.15.2
FLUE SIZES FOR MASONRY CHIMNEYS
Cleanout openings shall be provided within 6 inches (152 mm) of the base of each flue within every masonry chimney. The upper edge of the cleanout shall be located at least 6 inches (152 mm) below the lowest chimney inlet opening. The height of the opening shall be at least 6 inches (152 mm). The cleanout shall be provided with a noncombustible cover.
Any portion of a masonry chimney located in the interior of the building or within the exterior wall of the building shall have a minimum air space clearance to combustibles of 2 inches (51 mm). Chimneys located entirely outside the exterior walls of the building, including chimneys that pass through the soffit or cornice, shall have a minimum air space clearance of 1 inch (25 mm). The air space shall not be filled, except to provide fire blocking in accordance with Section R1003.19.
1. Masonry chimneys equipped with a chimney lining system listed and labeled for use in chimneys in contact with combustibles in accordance with UL 1777 and installed in accordance with the manufacturer’s installation instructions are permitted to have combustible material in contact with their exterior surfaces.
2. When masonry chimneys are constructed as part of masonry or concrete walls, combustible materials shall not be in contact with the masonry or concrete wall less than 12 inches (305 mm) from the inside surface of the nearest flue lining.
3. Exposed combustible trim and the edges of sheathing materials, such as wood siding and flooring, shall be permitted to abut the masonry chimney side walls, in accordance with Figure R1003.18, provided such combustible trim or sheathing is a minimum of 12 inches (305 mm) from the inside surface of the nearest flue lining. Combustible material and trim shall not overlap the corners of the chimney by more than 1 inch (25 mm).
FIGURE R1003.18
CLEARANCE FROM COMBUSTIBLES
Chimneys shall be provided with crickets when the dimension parallel to the ridgeline is greater than 30 inches (762 mm) and does not intersect the ridgeline. The intersection of the cricket and the chimney shall be flashed and counterflashed in the same manner as normal roof-chimney intersections. Crickets shall be constructed in compliance with Figure R1003.20 and Table R1003.20.
TABLE R1003.20
CRICKET DIMENSIONS
| ROOF SLOPE | H |
| 12 - 12 | 1/2 of W |
| 8 - 12 | 1/3 of W |
| 6 - 12 | 1/4 of W |
| 4 - 12 | 1/6 of W |
| 3 - 12 | 1/8 of W |
FIGURE R1003.20
CHIMNEY CRICKET
Factory-built chimneys installed in dwelling units with solid-fuel-burning appliances shall comply with the Type HT requirements of UL 103 and shall be marked “Type HT and “Residential Type and Building Heating Appliance Chimney.”