The construction documents for structural concrete construction shall include:
- The specified compressive strength of concrete at the stated ages or stages of construction for which each concrete element is designed.
- The specified strength or grade of reinforcement.
- The size and location of structural elements, reinforcement and anchors.
- Provision for dimensional changes resulting from creep, shrinkage and temperature.
- The magnitude and location of prestressing forces.
- Anchorage length of reinforcement and location and length of lap splices.
- Type and location of mechanical and welded splices of reinforcement.
- Details and location of contraction or isolation joints specified for plain concrete.
- Minimum concrete compressive strength at time of posttensioning.
- Stressing sequence for posttensioning tendons.
- For structures assigned to Seismic Design Category D, E or F, a statement if slab on grade is designed as a structural diaphragm.
Materials used to produce concrete, concrete itself and testing thereof shall comply with the applicable standards listed in ACI 318.
Exception: The following standards as referenced in Chapter 35 shall be permitted to be used.
- ASTM C150
- ASTM C595
- ASTM C1157
Structural concrete shall conform to the durability requirements of ACI 318.
Exception: For Group R-2 and R-3 occupancies not more than three stories above grade plane, the specified compressive strength, f'c, for concrete in basement walls, foundation walls, exterior walls and other vertical surfaces exposed to the weather shall be not less than 3,000 psi (20.7 MPa).
Modify existing definitions and add the following definitions to ACI 318, Section 2.3.
DESIGN DISPLACEMENT. Total lateral displacement expected for the design-basis earthquake, as specified by Section 12.8.6 of ASCE 7.
DETAILED PLAIN CONCRETE STRUCTURAL WALL. A wall complying with the requirements of Chapter 14, including 14.6.2.
ORDINARY PRECAST STRUCTURAL WALL. A precast wall complying with the requirements of Chapters 1 through 13, 15, 16 and 19 through 26.
ORDINARY REINFORCED CONCRETE STRUCTURAL WALL. A cast-in-place wall complying with the requirements of Chapters 1 through 13, 15, 16 and 19 through 26.
ORDINARY STRUCTURAL PLAIN CONCRETE WALL. A wall complying with the requirements of Chapter 14, excluding 14.6.2.
SPECIAL STRUCTURAL WALL. A cast-in-place or precast wall complying with the requirements of 18.2.4 through 18.2.8, 18.10 and 18.11, as applicable, in addition to the requirements for ordinary reinforced concrete structural walls or ordinary precast structural walls, as applicable. Where ASCE 7 refers to a "special reinforced concrete structural wall," it shall be deemed to mean a "special structural wall."
Modify ACI 318 Sections 18.2.1.2 and 18.2.1.6 to read as follows:
18.2.1.2 — Structures assigned to Seismic Design Category A shall satisfy requirements of Chapters 1 through 17 and 19 through 26; Chapter 18 does not apply. Structures assigned to Seismic Design Category B, C, D, E or F also shall satisfy 18.2.1.3 through 18.2.1.7, as applicable. Except for structural elements of plain concrete complying with Section 1905.1.7 of the Florida Building Code, Building, structural elements of plain concrete are prohibited in structures assigned to Seismic Design Category C, D, E or F.
18.2.1.6 — Structural systems designated as part of the seismic force-resisting system shall be restricted to those permitted by ASCE 7. Except for Seismic Design Category A, for which Chapter 18 does not apply, the following provisions shall be satisfied for each structural system designated as part of the seismic force-resisting system, regardless of the seismic design category:
- Ordinary moment frames shall satisfy 18.3.
- Ordinary reinforced concrete structural walls and ordinary precast structural walls need not satisfy any provisions in Chapter 18.
- Intermediate moment frames shall satisfy 18.4.
- Intermediate precast structural walls shall satisfy 18.5.
- Special moment frames shall satisfy 18.6 through 18.9.
- Special structural walls shall satisfy 18.10.
- Special structural walls constructed using precast concrete shall satisfy 18.11.
All special moment frames and special structural walls shall also satisfy 18.2.4 through 18.2.8.
Modify ACI 318, Section 18.5, by adding new Section 18.5.2.2 and renumbering existing Sections 18.5.2.2 and 18.5.2.3 to become 18.5.2.3 and 18.5.2.4, respectively.
18.5.2.2 — Connections that are designed to yield shall be capable of maintaining 80 percent of their design strength at the deformation induced by the design displacement or shall use Type 2 mechanical splices.
18.5.2.3 — For elements of the connection that are not designed to yield the required strength shall be based on 1.5 Sy of the yielding portion of the connection.
18.5.2.4 — In structures assigned to SDC D, E or F, wall piers shall be designed in accordance with 18.10.8 or 18.14 in ACI 318.
Modify ACI 318, Section 18.11.2.1, to read as follows:
18.11.2.1 — Special structural walls constructed using precast concrete shall satisfy all the requirements of 18.10 for cast-in-place special structural walls in addition to 18.5.2.
Modify ACI 318, Section 18.13.1.1, to read as follows:
18.13.1.1 — Foundations resisting earthquake-induced forces or transferring earthquake-induced forces between a structure and ground shall comply with the requirements of 18.13 and other applicable provisions of ACI 318 unless modified by Chapter 18 of the Florida Building Code, Building.
Modify ACI 318, Section 14.6, by adding new Section 14.6.2 to read as follows:
14.6.2 — Detailed plain concrete structural walls.
14.6.2.1 — Detailed plain concrete structural walls are walls conforming to the requirements of ordinary structural plain concrete walls and 14.6.2.2.
14.6.2.2 — Reinforcement shall be provided as follows:
- Vertical reinforcement of at least 0.20 square inch (129 mm2) in cross-sectional area shall be provided continuously from support to support at each corner, at each side of each opening and at the ends of walls. The continuous vertical bar required beside an opening is permitted to substitute for one of the two No. 5 bars required by 14.6.1.
Horizontal reinforcement at least 0.20 square inch (129 mm2) in cross-sectional area shall be provided:
- Continuously at structurally connected roof and floor levels and at the top of walls;
- At the bottom of load-bearing walls or in the top of foundations where doweled to the wall; and
At a maximum spacing of 120 inches (3048 mm).
Reinforcement at the top and bottom of openings, where used in determining the maximum spacing specified in Item 3 above, shall be continuous in the wall.
Delete ACI 318, Section 14.1.4, and replace with the following:
14.1.4 — Plain concrete in structures assigned to Seismic Design Category C, D, E or F.
14.1.4.1 — Structures assigned to Seismic Design Category C, D, E or F shall not have elements of structural plain concrete, except as follows:
- Structural plain concrete basement, foundation or other walls below the base as defined in ASCE 7 are permitted in detached one- and two-family dwellings three stories or less in height constructed with stud-bearing walls. In dwellings assigned to Seismic Design Category D or E, the height of the wall shall not exceed 8 feet (2438 mm), the thickness shall be not less than 71/2 inches (190 mm), and the wall shall retain no more than 4 feet (1219 mm) of unbalanced fill. Walls shall have reinforcement in accordance with 14.6.1.
Isolated footings of plain concrete supporting pedestals or columns are permitted, provided the projection of the footing beyond the face of the supported member does not exceed the footing thickness.
Exception: In detached one- and two-family dwellings three stories or less in height, the projection of the footing beyond the face of the supported member is permitted to exceed the footing thickness.
Plain concrete footings supporting walls are permitted, provided the footings have at least two continuous longitudinal reinforcing bars. Bars shall not be smaller than No. 4 and shall have a total area of not less than 0.002 times the gross cross-sectional area of the footing. For footings that exceed 8 inches (203 mm) in thickness, a minimum of one bar shall be provided at the top and bottom of the footing. Continuity of reinforcement shall be provided at corners and intersections.
Exceptions:
- In Seismic Design Categories A, B and C, detached one- and two-family dwellings three stories or less in height constructed with stud-bearing walls are permitted to have plain concrete footings without longitudinal reinforcement.
- For foundation systems consisting of a plain concrete footing and a plain concrete stemwall, a minimum of one bar shall be provided at the top of the stemwall and at the bottom of the footing.
- Where a slab on ground is cast monolithically with the footing, one No. 5 bar is permitted to be located at either the top of the slab or bottom of the footing.
Modify ACI 318 Sections 17.2.3.4.2, 17.2.3.4.3(d) and 17.2.3.5.2 to read as follows:
17.2.3.4.2 — Where the tensile component of the strength-level earthquake force applied to anchors exceeds 20 percent of the total factored anchor tensile force associated with the same load combination, anchors and their attachments shall be designed in accordance with 17.2.3.4.3. The anchor design tensile strength shall be determined in accordance with 17.2.3.4.4.
Exception: Anchors designed to resist wall out-of-plane forces with design strengths equal to or greater than the force determined in accordance with ASCE 7 Equation 12.11-1 or 12.14-10 shall be deemed to satisfy Section 17.2.3.4.3(d).
17.2.3.4.3(d) — The anchor or group of anchors shall be designed for the maximum tension obtained from design load combinations that include E, with E increased by Ω0. The anchor design tensile strength shall be calculated from 17.2.3.4.4.
17.2.3.5.2 — Where the shear component of the strength-level earthquake force applied to anchors exceeds 20 percent of the total factored anchor shear force associated with the same load combination, anchors and their attachments shall be designed in accordance with 17.2.3.5.3. The anchor design shear strength for resisting earthquake forces shall be determined in accordance with 17.5.
Exceptions:
For the calculation of the in-plane shear strength of anchor bolts attaching wood sill plates of bearing or nonbearing walls of light-frame wood structures to foundations or foundation stem walls, the in-plane shear strength in accordance with 17.5.2 and 17.5.3 need not be computed and 17.2.3.5.3 shall be deemed to be satisfied provided all of the following are met:
- 1.1. The allowable in-plane shear strength of the anchor is determined in accordance with ANSI/AWC NDS Table 11E for lateral design values parallel to grain.
- 1.2. The maximum anchor nominal diameter is 5/8 inch (16 mm).
- 1.3. Anchor bolts are embedded into concrete a minimum of 7 inches (178 mm).
- 1.4. Anchor bolts are located a minimum of 13/4 inches (45 mm) from the edge of the concrete parallel to the length of the wood sill plate.
- 1.5. Anchor bolts are located a minimum of 15 anchor diameters from the edge of the concrete perpendicular to the length of the wood sill plate.
- 1.6. The sill plate is 2-inch (51 mm) or 3-inch (76 mm) nominal thickness.
For the calculation of the in-plane shear strength of anchor bolts attaching cold-formed steel track of bearing or nonbearing walls of light-frame construction to foundations or foundation stem walls, the in-plane shear strength in accordance with 17.5.2 and 17.5.3 need not be computed and 17.2.3.5.3 shall be deemed to be satisfied provided all of the following are met:
- 2.1. The maximum anchor nominal diameter is 5/8 inch (16 mm).
- 2.2. Anchors are embedded into concrete a minimum of 7 inches (178 mm).
- 2.3. Anchors are located a minimum of 13/4 inches (45 mm) from the edge of the concrete parallel to the length of the track.
- 2.4. Anchors are located a minimum of 15 anchor diameters from the edge of the concrete perpendicular to the length of the track.
- 2.5. The track is 33 to 68 mil (0.84 mm to 1.73 mm) designation thickness.
Allowable in-plane shear strength of exempt anchors, parallel to the edge of concrete, shall be permitted to be determined in accordance with AISI S100 Section E3.3.1.
- In light-frame construction bearing or nonbearing walls, shear strength of concrete anchors less than or equal to 1 inch [25 mm] in diameter attaching sill plate or track to foundation or foundation stem wall need not satisfy 17.2.3.5.3(a) through (c) when the design strength of the anchors is determined in accordance with 17.5.2.1(c).
The design and construction of structural plain concrete, both cast-in-place and precast, shall comply with the minimum requirements of ACI 318, as modified in Section 1905.
Exception: For Group R-3 occupancies and buildings of other occupancies less than two stories above grade plane of light-frame construction, the required footing thickness of ACI 318 is permitted to be reduced to 6 inches (152 mm), provided that the footing does not extend more than 4 inches (102 mm) on either side of the supported wall.
The thickness of concrete floor slabs supported directly on the ground shall not be less than 31/2 inches (89 mm). A 6-mil (0.006 inch; 0.15 mm) polyethylene vapor retarder with joints lapped not less than 6 inches (152 mm) shall be placed between the base course or subgrade and the concrete floor slab, or other approved equivalent methods or materials shall be used to retard vapor transmission through the floor slab.
Exception: A vapor retarder is not required:
- For detached structures accessory to occupancies in Group R-3, such as garages, utility buildings or other unheated facilities.
- For unheated storage rooms having an area of less than 70 square feet (6.5 m2) and carports attached to occupancies in Group R-3.
- For buildings of other occupancies where migration of moisture through the slab from below will not be detrimental to the intended occupancy of the building.
- For driveways, walks, patios and other flatwork that will not be enclosed at a later date.
- Where approved based on local site conditions.
Concrete slabs-on-ground shall be provided with control and contraction joints in accordance with ACI 360 or other approved industry standards. Control and contraction joints shall be designed by an architect or engineer.
Exception: One- and two-family dwellings and townhouses shall comply with the Florida Building Code, Residential Section R506.2.4.
In addition to control and contraction joints, concrete slabs-on-ground shall be provided with crack containment complying with one of the following:
- Concrete slabs-on-ground shall contain micro- or macro-synthetic fiber reinforcement. Fiber length shall be 1/2 inch to 2.25 inches (13 to 56 mm) in length. Dosage amounts shall be from 0.75 to 3.0 pounds per cubic yard (0.45 to 1.78 kg/m3) in accordance with the manufacturer's recommendations. Synthetic fibers shall comply with ASTM C1116. The manufacturer or supplier shall provide certification of compliance with ASTM C1116 when requested by the building official; or,
Concrete slabs-on-ground containing 6 × 6 W1.4 × W1.4 welded wire reinforcement fabric located in the middle to the upper one-third of the slab. Welded wire reinforcement fabric shall be supported with approved materials or supports at spacing of 3 feet (914 mm) or less. Welded plain wire reinforcement fabric for concrete shall conform to ASTM A1064/A1064M Carbon-Steel Wire and Welded Wire Reinforcement, Plain and Deformed, for Concrete.
Exception: Where random cracking is acceptable to the building owner, contraction joints are not required where crack containment complying with one of the above methods is provided.
When No. 5 or smaller bars are used, there shall be a minimum clearance between parallel reinforcement bars of 21/2 inches (64 mm). When bars larger than No. 5 are permitted, there shall be a minimum clearance between parallel bars equal to six diameters of the bars used. When two curtains of steel are provided, the curtain nearer the nozzle shall have a minimum spacing equal to 12 bar diameters and the remaining curtain shall have a minimum spacing of six bar diameters.
Exception: Subject to the approval of the building official, required clearances shall be reduced where it is demonstrated by preconstruction tests that adequate encasement of the bars used in the design will be achieved.
The permit holder shall make available to the building official a job log with the following minimum items.
- Cast density recordings/hour.
- Product evaluation for application.
- Date and job locations identified.
- Results of any field test conducted.
Insulation board with lightweight insulating concrete shall conform to Type I expanded polystyrene insulation as defined in ASTM C578.
- Packaged insulation board delivered to the job site shall comply with the provisions of Section 2603.2.
- Installation of insulating board in conjunction with lightweight insulating concrete shall comply with uplift requirements set forth in Section 1609 (Section 1620 for the High-Velocity Hurricane Zone). Insulation panels shall be placed in a minimum 1/8-inch (3.2 mm) slurry of insulating concrete while the material is still in a plastic state. The insulating concrete shall be cast over the insulation boards according to the insulating concrete manufacturer's product approval. Insulation panels shall be provided with holes and/or slots for keying and venting.
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