Heads up:
There are no suggested sections in this chapter.
Heads up:
There are no amended sections in this chapter.
| Adopting agency | BSC | BSC- CG |
SFM | HCD | DSA | OSHPD | BSCC | DPH | AGR | DWR | CEC | CA | SL | SLC | |||||||||
| 1 | 2 | 1/AC | AC | SS | SS/CC | 1 | 1R | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | ||||||||||||
| Adopt entire chapter | X | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Adopt entire chapter as amended (amended sections listed below) |
|||||||||||||||||||||||
| Adopt only those sections that are listed below |
X | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Chapter / Section | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| 3101B (last paragraph only) | X | ||||||||||||||||||||||
The Office of the State Fire Marshal's adoption of this chapter or individual sections is applicable to structures regulated by other state agencies pursuant to Section 1.11.
The provisions of this chapter shall apply to the construction,
installation, renovation, alteration, addition, relocation,
replacement or use of any public pool and to its ancillary
facilities, mechanical equipment and related piping. Public
pools include those located in or designated as the following:
commercial building, hotel, motel, resort, recreational vehicle
or mobile home park, campground, apartment house, condominium,
townhouse, homeowner association, club,
community building or area, public or private school, health
club or establishment, water park, swim school, medical
facility, bed and breakfast, licensed
day-care facility, recreation
and park district and municipal pools.
Note: Existing law limits application of building standards. Please see Health and Safety Code Sections 18938.5 and 116050.
[DSA-AC] Refer to Chapter 11B for accessibility provisions applicable to public accommodations, commercial buildings and public housing.
Note: Existing law limits application of building standards. Please see Health and Safety Code Sections 18938.5 and 116050.
[DSA-AC] Refer to Chapter 11B for accessibility provisions applicable to public accommodations, commercial buildings and public housing.
ANCILLARY FACILITY is any area used in conjunction
with or for the operation of a pool such as public dressing
rooms, lockers, shower or bathroom areas, drinking fountains,
equipment room, pool deck area, pool enclosure or
building space that is intended to be used by pool users.
BACKWASH is the process of reversing the flow of water through the filter to thoroughly clean the filter media and/or elements and remove the debris from the contents of the filter vessel.
CANTILEVERED DECKING is the part of the deck which extends over a top edge of a pool or spa.
CLEAN POOL WATER is pool water that is free of dirt, oils, scum, algae, floating materials or visible organic and inorganic materials that would pollute the water.
CLEAR POOL WATER is pool water that is free from cloudiness and is transparent.
COPING is a slip-resistant cap installed on the top edge of a pool or spa.
CORROSION RESISTANT is capable of maintaining original surface characteristics under the prolonged influence of the use environment.
DECK is an area surrounding a pool which is specifically constructed or installed for use by pool users.
DIATOMACEOUS EARTH is a filtering media consisting of microscopic fossilized skeletons of diatoms.
EASILY CLEANABLE is a characteristic of a surface or material that allows removal of dirt, stains or residue by normal cleaning methods.
EFFECTIVE PARTICLE SIZE is the theoretical size of a sieve in mm that will pass 10 percent by weight of sand.
ENFORCING AGENT is the health officer, director of environmental health, registered environmental health specialist or environmental health specialist trainee.
EQUIPMENT AREA is an area where the recirculation system and all related appurtenances are located.
HANDHOLD is a structure located at or above the water line around the perimeter of the pool wall that allows a pool user to hold onto the poolside for support.
INLET is a fitting or fixture through which recirculated water enters the pool.
LADDER is a series of vertically separate treads or rungs either connected by vertical rail members or independently fastened to an adjacent vertical pool wall.
LIVING UNIT is any building or portion thereof that contains living facilities including provisions for sleeping.
MAIN DRAIN is a submerged suction outlet typically located at the bottom of a pool that conducts water to a recirculating pump.
MEDICAL POOL is a special-purpose pool used by a State-recognized medical institution engaged in the healing arts under the direct supervision of licensed medical personnel for treatment of the infirm.
OUTLET is a fitting or fixture through which recirculated water is removed from the pool which may or may not be connected to the pump.
PERFORMANCE STANDARD is a standard that is accredited and published. Products compliant with a standard may be listed by any authorized nationally recognized testing laboratory.
PERIMETER OVERFLOW SYSTEM is a system which includes perimeter-type overflow gutters, surge basin or similar surface water collective system components and their interconnecting piping.
PERMISSIBLE EXPOSURE LIMIT is the maximum amount or concentration of a chemical that a worker may be exposed to under United States Occupational Safety and Health Administration regulations.
POOL OR PUBLIC POOL is an artificial basin, chamber or tank constructed or prefabricated with impermeable surfaces that is used, or intended to be used, for public swimming, diving or recreational activities but does not include individual therapeutic tubs or baths where the main purpose is the cleaning of the body. Any manmade lake or swimming lagoon with a sand beach or sand bottom is not a public pool.
POOL OPERATOR or OPERATOR is a person who is responsible for maintaining compliance with all requirements relating to pool operation, maintenance and safety of pool users.
POOL USER is a person using a pool and ancillary facilities for the purpose of water activities such as diving, swimming or wading.
RADIUS OF CURVATURE is the radius arc which denotes the curved surface from the point of departure from the springline of the pool to the pool bottom.
READILY ACCESSIBLE is capable of being reached easily for cleaning, repair, replacement or inspection without the necessity of removing a panel, door or similar obstruction and without requiring a person to climb over or remove obstacles or to use devices such as portable ladders.
READILY DISASSEMBLED means capable of being taken apart by hand or by using only simple tools such as a screwdriver, pliers or open-end wrench.
RECESSED STEPS are a series of vertically spaced cavities in the pool wall creating riser and tread areas for pool ingress and egress.
RECIRCULATION SYSTEM is the system of hydraulic components designed to remove, filter, disinfect and return water to the pool.
RIM FLOW GUTTER is a perimeter overflow system in which the overflow rim is at the same elevation with the deck.
SKIMMER EQUALIZER LINE is a submerged suction outlet located below the waterline and connected to the body of a skimmer that prevents air from being drawn into the pump if the water level drops below the skimmer weir or the skimmer is blocked by debris. A skimmer equalizer line is not a main drain.
SLIP RESISTANT is a rough finish that is not abrasive to the bare foot.
SPA POOL OR SPA is a pool that incorporates a water jet system, an aeration system or a combination of the two systems used in conjunction with heated water.
SPECIAL PURPOSE POOL is a pool constructed exclusively for a specific purpose, such as instruction, diving, competition or medical treatment.
SPLASH ZONE is the maximum distance the water from a spray ground can project horizontally.
SPRAY GROUND is a pool with no standing water in the splash zone and consists of a surge basin with a recirculation system from which water is directed through water features for contact with pool users.
SPRINGLINE is the point from which the pool wall breaks from vertical and begins its arc in the radius of curvature.
STAIRS are a series of two or more steps.
STEP is a riser and tread.
SUCTION OUTLET is any outlet that is connected to the pump through which water is removed from the pool.
SURGE BASIN is a reservoir or surge trench open to the atmosphere that receives water via gravity flow from the main drain, spray ground or perimeter overflow system and from which the recirculation system operates.
TEMPERED WATER is water between 100°F and 110°F.
TURNOVER TIME is the maximum time allowed to circulate one complete volume of the pool water through the recirculation system.
UNIFORMITY COEFFICIENT is the ratio of the theoretical size of a sieve in mm that will pass 60 percent of the sand to the theoretical size of a sieve in mm that will pass 10 percent of the sand.
WADING POOL is a pool intended to be used for wading by small children and having a maximum water depth of 18 inches (457 mm) at the deepest point.
WATER FEATURE means an interactive device or structure through which water is directed to the pool user such as a water fountain, water spray, dancing water jet, waterfall, dumping bucket or shooting water cannon.
WATERLINE shall be defined as one of the following:
BACKWASH is the process of reversing the flow of water through the filter to thoroughly clean the filter media and/or elements and remove the debris from the contents of the filter vessel.
CANTILEVERED DECKING is the part of the deck which extends over a top edge of a pool or spa.
CLEAN POOL WATER is pool water that is free of dirt, oils, scum, algae, floating materials or visible organic and inorganic materials that would pollute the water.
CLEAR POOL WATER is pool water that is free from cloudiness and is transparent.
COPING is a slip-resistant cap installed on the top edge of a pool or spa.
CORROSION RESISTANT is capable of maintaining original surface characteristics under the prolonged influence of the use environment.
DECK is an area surrounding a pool which is specifically constructed or installed for use by pool users.
DIATOMACEOUS EARTH is a filtering media consisting of microscopic fossilized skeletons of diatoms.
EASILY CLEANABLE is a characteristic of a surface or material that allows removal of dirt, stains or residue by normal cleaning methods.
EFFECTIVE PARTICLE SIZE is the theoretical size of a sieve in mm that will pass 10 percent by weight of sand.
ENFORCING AGENT is the health officer, director of environmental health, registered environmental health specialist or environmental health specialist trainee.
EQUIPMENT AREA is an area where the recirculation system and all related appurtenances are located.
HANDHOLD is a structure located at or above the water line around the perimeter of the pool wall that allows a pool user to hold onto the poolside for support.
INLET is a fitting or fixture through which recirculated water enters the pool.
LADDER is a series of vertically separate treads or rungs either connected by vertical rail members or independently fastened to an adjacent vertical pool wall.
LIVING UNIT is any building or portion thereof that contains living facilities including provisions for sleeping.
MAIN DRAIN is a submerged suction outlet typically located at the bottom of a pool that conducts water to a recirculating pump.
MEDICAL POOL is a special-purpose pool used by a State-recognized medical institution engaged in the healing arts under the direct supervision of licensed medical personnel for treatment of the infirm.
OUTLET is a fitting or fixture through which recirculated water is removed from the pool which may or may not be connected to the pump.
PERFORMANCE STANDARD is a standard that is accredited and published. Products compliant with a standard may be listed by any authorized nationally recognized testing laboratory.
PERIMETER OVERFLOW SYSTEM is a system which includes perimeter-type overflow gutters, surge basin or similar surface water collective system components and their interconnecting piping.
PERMISSIBLE EXPOSURE LIMIT is the maximum amount or concentration of a chemical that a worker may be exposed to under United States Occupational Safety and Health Administration regulations.
POOL OR PUBLIC POOL is an artificial basin, chamber or tank constructed or prefabricated with impermeable surfaces that is used, or intended to be used, for public swimming, diving or recreational activities but does not include individual therapeutic tubs or baths where the main purpose is the cleaning of the body. Any manmade lake or swimming lagoon with a sand beach or sand bottom is not a public pool.
POOL OPERATOR or OPERATOR is a person who is responsible for maintaining compliance with all requirements relating to pool operation, maintenance and safety of pool users.
POOL USER is a person using a pool and ancillary facilities for the purpose of water activities such as diving, swimming or wading.
RADIUS OF CURVATURE is the radius arc which denotes the curved surface from the point of departure from the springline of the pool to the pool bottom.
READILY ACCESSIBLE is capable of being reached easily for cleaning, repair, replacement or inspection without the necessity of removing a panel, door or similar obstruction and without requiring a person to climb over or remove obstacles or to use devices such as portable ladders.
READILY DISASSEMBLED means capable of being taken apart by hand or by using only simple tools such as a screwdriver, pliers or open-end wrench.
RECESSED STEPS are a series of vertically spaced cavities in the pool wall creating riser and tread areas for pool ingress and egress.
RECIRCULATION SYSTEM is the system of hydraulic components designed to remove, filter, disinfect and return water to the pool.
RIM FLOW GUTTER is a perimeter overflow system in which the overflow rim is at the same elevation with the deck.
SKIMMER EQUALIZER LINE is a submerged suction outlet located below the waterline and connected to the body of a skimmer that prevents air from being drawn into the pump if the water level drops below the skimmer weir or the skimmer is blocked by debris. A skimmer equalizer line is not a main drain.
SLIP RESISTANT is a rough finish that is not abrasive to the bare foot.
SPA POOL OR SPA is a pool that incorporates a water jet system, an aeration system or a combination of the two systems used in conjunction with heated water.
SPECIAL PURPOSE POOL is a pool constructed exclusively for a specific purpose, such as instruction, diving, competition or medical treatment.
SPLASH ZONE is the maximum distance the water from a spray ground can project horizontally.
SPRAY GROUND is a pool with no standing water in the splash zone and consists of a surge basin with a recirculation system from which water is directed through water features for contact with pool users.
SPRINGLINE is the point from which the pool wall breaks from vertical and begins its arc in the radius of curvature.
STAIRS are a series of two or more steps.
STEP is a riser and tread.
SUCTION OUTLET is any outlet that is connected to the pump through which water is removed from the pool.
SURGE BASIN is a reservoir or surge trench open to the atmosphere that receives water via gravity flow from the main drain, spray ground or perimeter overflow system and from which the recirculation system operates.
TEMPERED WATER is water between 100°F and 110°F.
TURNOVER TIME is the maximum time allowed to circulate one complete volume of the pool water through the recirculation system.
UNIFORMITY COEFFICIENT is the ratio of the theoretical size of a sieve in mm that will pass 60 percent of the sand to the theoretical size of a sieve in mm that will pass 10 percent of the sand.
WADING POOL is a pool intended to be used for wading by small children and having a maximum water depth of 18 inches (457 mm) at the deepest point.
WATER FEATURE means an interactive device or structure through which water is directed to the pool user such as a water fountain, water spray, dancing water jet, waterfall, dumping bucket or shooting water cannon.
WATERLINE shall be defined as one of the following:
- Skimmer system. The waterline shall be the midpoint of the operating range of the skimmers.
- Overflow system. The waterline shall be the top edge of the overflow rim.
A person proposing to construct, renovate or alter a
pool, ancillary facilities or equipment and appurtenances
shall submit plans and specifications detailing compliance
with this chapter to the enforcing agent for review and written
approval prior to commencing construction and shall first
be cleared by the enforcing agent before substitution if not an
exact duplicate of the units being changed or replaced. A
local building department shall not issue a permit for a public
pool or ancillary facility until the plans have been
approved by the enforcing agent.
Plans submitted for approval pursuant to this section
shall be drawn to a scale of 1/4 inch (6.4 mm) equals 1
foot (305 mm), except that plans for spa pools shall be drawn
to a scale of 1 inch (25 mm) equals 1 foot (305 mm), unless
otherwise approved by the enforcing agent.
The enforcing agent shall notify the person submitting
the plans and specifications of approval or disapproval.
The enforcing agent shall retain one copy of the
approved plans and specifications and any subsequent
changes or modifications. The approved plans shall be valid
for a period of two years from the date of approval or as
extended by the enforcing agent.
Pools and all ancillary facilities, equipment and appurtenances
shall be constructed, renovated or altered in compliance
with plans approved pursuant to Section 3103B.
The pool owner, operator or designated agent shall
notify the enforcing agent prior to scheduling the following
inspections:
- Exposed plumbing; and
- Prior to applying pneumatically placed concrete; and
- Prior to applying the final surface to the pool shell; and
- At the completion of construction. No pool shall be opened to the public without the written approval of the enforcing agent.
All applicable provisions of this chapter
shall apply to a spray ground unless specifically
addressed in this section.
All parts of the spray ground shall be designed and
constructed so that there are no safety hazards.
A minimum 4-foot wide walking
surface shall extend around the perimeter of the splash zone
of a spray ground.
The recirculation system shall be in operation at all
times that the spray ground is open for use and shall have a
minimum of four turnover cycles prior to opening for proper
disinfection and filtration.
There shall be no standing water within the splash
zone.
Nozzles that spray from the ground level shall be
flush with the ground with openings no greater than 1/2 inch.
Spray ground water features that extend above the ground
must be clearly visible.
All foggers and misters that produce finely atomized
mists shall be supplied directly from a potable water source
and not from the surge basin.
When multiple pumps are used the control systems
for the spray ground water feature pump and recirculation
system pump shall be electrically interconnected so that when the recirculation pump is off the spray ground water feature
pump also is off.
The spray ground shall have a surge basin or treatment
tank constructed of materials which are inert, corrosion
resistant, nontoxic and watertight including materials such as
concrete, fiberglass, high density polyethylene, stainless steel
or other materials as approved by the enforcing agent which
can withstand all anticipated loadings under full and empty
conditions as determined by an engineer or architect who has
experience working on public pools.
The total volume of the surge basin shall be at least
4,000 gallons or a minimum of three times the gallons per
minute flow rate of all the spray ground pumps and the recirculation
pump combined, whichever is higher.
The turnover time shall be one-half hour or less.
The suction intake for the spray ground or water
feature pump in the surge basin shall be located adjacent to
the recirculation return line.
When separate pumps are used, the suction intake
for the recirculation pump shall be located in the lowest portion
of the surge basin and on the opposite side from the suction
intake for the spray ground pump.
The surge basin shall be designed to have easy
access for cleaning and inspection. The basin shall have at
least one ladder access and shall have at least one 3-foot by
3-foot access opening. Lids shall be locked or require a tool
to open.
The surge basin shall be equipped with an automatic
make up water fill device through an air gap or be protected
by an approved backflow prevention device in
accordance with Chapter 6 of the California Plumbing Code.
Ultraviolet light disinfection shall be used to supplement
disinfection methods required in this chapter unless
another treatment process is provided that has been determined
by a nationally recognized testing laboratory to be
capable of providing at least the equivalent level of reduction
of cryptosporidium as the ultraviolet light disinfection system
specified in this section. The ultraviolet light disinfection unit
shall comply with the applicable requirements established by
the NSF/ANSI 50-2010 performance standard effective
August 2010.
An accurately calibrated ultraviolet light intensity
meter that has been properly filtered to restrict its sensitivity
to the disinfection spectrum shall be installed in the wall of
the disinfection chamber at the point of greatest water depth
from the light source.
The ultraviolet light unit shall be located on the
recirculation system and shall be installed to provide treated
water directly to the spray features.
The ultraviolet light disinfection system must be
equipped with an automatic shutdown system that inactivates
the water feature pump if the ultraviolet dosage rate drops
below 40 mJ/cm2.
Artificial lighting shall be provided at all spray
ground pads which are used at night or which do not have
adequate natural lighting so that all portions of the spray pad and deck may be seen easily. Lighting that may be exposed to
the feature pool water shall be installed in accordance with
the manufacturer's specifications and the California Electrical
Code.
A means of diverting runoff from the splash zone
shall be installed on the spray ground drainage piping before
the surge basin to divert water to the storm drainage system
when the spray ground is not in operation.
A removable and cleanable catch screen or basket
shall be installed on the spray ground drainage system before
it enters the reservoir to prevent larger debris from collecting
in the surge basin.
The enforcing agent may approve an alternative
equipment, material or method of construction provided it
finds that the proposed design is satisfactory and complies
with the provisions of this chapter, that the equipment, material,
method or work offered is, for the purpose intended, at
least equivalent to that prescribed in suitability, strength,
effectiveness, fire resistance, durability, safety and sanitation
or that the methods of installation proposed conform to other
acceptable nationally recognized standards.
The enforcing agent shall require that sufficient evidence
or proof be submitted to substantiate claims that may
be made regarding the use of alternative equipment, material
or method of construction.
Whenever there is insufficient evidence of compliance
with the provisions of this chapter, the enforcing agent
may require tests as proof of compliance to be made at no
expense to the enforcing agent. Tests shall be made in accordance
with approved standards, but in the absence of such
standards the enforcing agent may specify the test procedure.
The pool shall be built of reinforced concrete
or material equivalent in strength, watertight and able
to withstand anticipated stresses under both full and empty
conditions taking into consideration factors such as climatic
effects, geological conditions and integration of the pool with
other structures.
The finished pool shell shall be lined with a
smooth waterproof interior finish that will withstand
repeated brushing, scrubbing and cleaning procedures. The
interior pool finish shall completely line the pool to the tile
lines, coping, or cantilevered deck.
The finish color shall be white except
for the following which shall be of contrasting color:
- Lane and other required pool markings described in Section 3110B; and
- The top surface edges of benches in spa pools; and
- The edge of pool steps; and
- Tiles installed at the waterline; and
- Tiles installed at the 41/2-foot (1372 mm) depth line.
Exception: A spa pool may be finished in a light color other than white when approved by the enforcing agent.
The pool shell shall
not have projections or recessed areas except for pool inlets
and outlets as specified in Section 3137B.
A pool shall conform to the appropriate criteria in Figures 31B-1 through 31B-7.
Exception: A special purpose pool may be exempted from construction standards that are not applicable to the proposed use.
A construction tolerance
shall be permitted on all dimensions in Figures 31B-1
through 31B-3 not to exceed 2 inches (51 mm) except that the
tolerance of the water level of a pool with a nonadjustable
overflow system shall not exceed 1/8 inch (3.2 mm).
Any portion of a pool having a
water depth of 41/2 feet (1372 mm) or less shall have a uniform
slope that shall not exceed 1 foot (305 mm) of vertical in
10 feet (3050 mm) of horizontal. In pools with water depths
greater than 41/2 feet (1372 mm) the slope shall meet the
requirements in Figures 31B-1 through 31B-3. There shall be
a uniform water depth along the entire base of the stairs.
No markings, designs or lettering shall be
permitted on the pool shell except for slip resistant lane
markings, depth marking lines and safety markings.
Slip resistant lane lines at the bottom
of the pool shall not exceed 12 inches (305 mm) in width.
There shall be installed a
straight line of slip resistant tile a minimum of 4 inches (102
mm) and not greater than 6 inches (152 mm) wide of a color
contrasting with the background of the pool shell across the
bottom of the pool where the water depth is 41/2 feet (1372
mm).
Exception: Pools having a maximum water depth of 5 feet
(1524 mm) or less shall not be required to have a depth
marking line.
The water depth shall be clearly
marked at the following locations:
- Maximum depth; and
- Minimum depth; and
- Each end; and
- Both sides at the shallowest and deepest part of the pool; and
- At the break in the bottom slope between the shallow and deep portions of the pool (see also Section 3109B.3); and
- Along the perimeter of the pool at distances not to
exceed 25 feet (7620 mm).
Exception: A spa or wading pool shall have a minimum of two depth markers indicating the maximum depth.
Where required by Section
3110B.4.1, depth markers shall be located in the following
positions:
- On the coping or on the deck, the depth markers shall be placed as close as possible but no more than 3 feet (914 mm) from the pool water; and
- For pools with skimmer systems the depth markers shall be high at the waterline which typically will result in the depth markers being submerged approximately 50 percent; or
- For pools with perimeter overflow systems where coping cantilevers over the gutter depth markers may be positioned at the face of the cantilevered coping, the back wall above the gutter or immediately below the waterline which will result in the depth markers being completely submerged; or
- For pools with rim flow gutters, depth markers shall be positioned immediately below the waterline which will result in the depth markers being completely submerged.
Depth markers shall be positioned
to indicate the water depth accurate to the nearest 6
inches (152 mm) as measured at the waterline.
Depth markers shall:
- Have numerals a minimum of 4 inches (102 mm) in height and of a color contrasting with the background and be marked in units of feet and inches. Abbreviations of FT and IN may be used in lieu of feet and inches; and
- Be made of a durable material that is resistant to weathering; and
- Be slip resistant when they are located on the pool deck.
For pool water depths 6 feet
(1830 mm) or less no diving markers with the universal symbol
of no diving, which is a red circle with a slash through it
superimposed over the image of a diver, shall be installed on
the deck directly adjacent to the depth markers required by
Section 3110B.4.1. No diving markers shall comply with Section
3110B.4.4(2-3).
A means of entry and exit to and from
the pool shall consist of steps, recessed steps, ladders, stairs,
ramps or a combination of these. Stairs or ramps shall be
provided in the shallowest portion of a pool if the vertical distance
from the bottom of the pool to the deck is over 1 foot
(305 mm). In pools with more than one shallow end, stairs or
ramps shall be provided at a minimum at one shallow end. A
second means of entry and exit shall be provided in the deep
portion of a pool having a depth greater than 41/2 feet (1372
mm). Where the width of the pool exceeds 30 feet (9144 mm),
such means of entry and exit shall be provided at each side,
not more than 100 feet (30,480 mm) apart.
Note: For illustrated diagrams pertaining to this section
see Figures 31B-6 and 31B-7.
Ladders shall be corrosion resistant and
shall be equipped with slip resistant tread surfaces. Ladders
shall be rigidly installed and shall provide a clearance of not
less than 3 inches (76 mm) or more than 5 inches (127 mm)
between any part of the ladder and the pool wall.
Each step of a stair shall have a tread in
accordance with Figure 31B-7. Risers shall conform to Figure
31B-7. At least one hand rail shall be provided extending
from the deck to not less than a point above the top of the
lowest step installed in accordance with Figure 31B-7.
Ladder
treads and recessed steps shall have a minimum tread of 5
inches (127 mm) and a width of 14 inches (356 mm) and shall
be designed to be readily cleaned. Step risers shall be uniform
and shall not exceed 12 inches (305 mm) in height. The
first riser shall be measured from the deck.
Handrails
shall be provided at the top of both sides of each ladder
and recessed steps and shall extend over the coping or edge
of the deck.
Two hand rails shall be provided
extending from the deck to not less than a point above
the top of the lowest step in accordance with Figure 31B-7.
The steps shall be located where the deck is at least 4 feet
(1219 mm) wide.
Finished step tread and
riser construction tolerances shall be + 1/2 inch (12.5 mm).
[DSA-AC] Additional requirements may apply. Refer to Chapter 11B for accessibility provisions applicable to public accommodations, commercial buildings and public housing.
[DSA-AC] Additional requirements may apply. Refer to Chapter 11B for accessibility provisions applicable to public accommodations, commercial buildings and public housing.
Every pool shall be provided with handholds
(perimeter overflow system, bull-nosed coping or cantilevered
decking) around the entire perimeter installed not
greater than 9 inches (229 mm) above the waterline.
Exception: Handholds are not required for wading pools.
For special purpose pools used for instruction or
competitive swimming, a handhold at water level similar to
the rim of a perimeter overflow system is required.
Where perimeter overflow systems are not provided,
a bull-nosed coping or cantilevered decking of reinforced
concrete, or material equivalent in strength and
durability, with rounded slip resistant edges shall be provided.
The overhang for either bull-nosed coping or cantilevered
decking shall not exceed 2 inches (51 mm) or be less
than 1 inch (25 mm) and shall not exceed 21/2 inches (64
mm) in thickness.
Exception: The enforcing agent may accept other handholds
for spa pools.
Diving boards and platforms shall be
anchored to the pool deck, constructed of corrosion resistant
material, designed and constructed to be easily cleanable and
finished with a durable slip resistant material.
Diving boards or platforms greater
than 18 inches (456 mm) in height above the deck shall be
provided with a ladder or stairs for access. Hand rails shall
be provided at all ladders and stairs leading to diving boards
or platforms more than 1 meter above the water. Diving
boards and platforms that are over 1 meter above the water
shall have guard rails on both sides of the diving board or
platform that extend to a point on the platform directly above
the water's edge. Guard rails shall be 36 inches (914 mm)
above the diving board or platform.
Dimensions and clearances for the use
of diving boards or platforms shall conform to those shown in
Figures 31B-1 and 31B-2. Platforms and diving boards shall
conform to the USA Diving Rules and Codes, Part 1, Subpart
A and Appendix B, effective January 1, 2010.
A minimum continuous and unobstructed
4-foot wide (1219 mm) slip resistant, cleanable, nonabrasive
deck area of concrete or like material shall be provided flush
with the top of the pool coping extending completely around
the pool, and the deck area shall further extend 4 feet (1219
mm) on both sides and rear of any diving board, fixed disabled
access assistance device or slide and their appurtenances. The deck width shall be measured from the poolside
edge of the coping lip.
Exception: A deck at least 4 feet (1219 mm) in width shall
extend around a continuous 50 percent or more of the
perimeter of a spa pool.
Where multiple
pools and/or spas are built adjacent to each other, the deck
width separating them shall be a minimum of 6 feet (1830
mm).
The pool's deck surface shall have a
slope of no less than 1 percent (1/8 inch per foot) but no more
than 2 percent (1/4 inch per foot) away from the pool to a deck
drainage system and shall be constructed and finished to prevent
standing water.
Landscape plants, flower beds or
similar unpaved areas shall not be located within 4 feet (1219
mm) of a spa pool.
Pools shall have underwater and deck
lighting such that lifeguards or other persons may observe,
without interference from direct and reflected glare from the
lighting sources, every part of the underwater area and pool
surface, all diving boards or other pool appurtenances. If
underwater or deck surface lighting is not operational, the
operator of the pool shall secure the pool area and not permit
any use of the pool after dark and shall post the same sign as
required in Section 3120B.9.
Note: See Part 3, Article 3-680, Title 24, California Code
of Regulations for electrical installation requirements.
Pools used at night shall be
equipped with underwater lighting fixtures that will provide
complete illumination to all underwater areas of the pool
with no blind spots. Illumination shall enable a lifeguard or
other persons to determine whether:
- A pool user is lying on the bottom of the pool; and
- The pool water conforms to the definition of "clear
pool water."
Exception: Pools provided with a system of overhead lighting fixtures where it can be demonstrated to the enforcing agent that the system is equivalent to the underwater lighting fixture system.
When the pool is to be used at
night, pool deck areas and emergency egress areas shall be
provided with lighting so that persons walking on the deck can
identify hazards. Lighting fixtures shall be aimed towards the
deck area and away from the pool surface insofar as practical.
Shower and dressing facilities shall be provided for
users of a pool.
Exceptions:
- Shower and dressing facilities may not be required when pool users have access to such facilities in adjacent living quarters.
- Public toilet facilities may be omitted when pool users have access to toilet facilities either in living quarters located not more than 300 feet (91,440 mm) in travel distance from the pool or in an adjacent building such as a recreational facility, clubhouse or cabana.
For the purpose of
this subsection, one pool user shall be considered for every
15 square feet (1.39 m2) of pool water surface area and/or
spray ground splash zone area.
One shower shall be provided for
every 50 pool users.
Separate toilet facilities shall be provided
for each sex. One toilet shall be provided for every
60 women or less and one toilet plus one urinal for every
75 men or less.
One lavatory shall be provided for
every 80 pool users.
Floors shall have a hard, nonabsorbent
surface, such as portland cement concrete, ceramic tile or
other approved material, which extends upwards onto the
wall at least 5 inches (127 mm) with a coved base. Floors
which may be walked on by a wet pool user shall be slip
resistant. Floors shall be sloped not less than 1/4 inch (6.4
mm) per foot to floor drains or other approved surface
water disposal areas. Carpeting and other similar artificial
floor covering shall not be permitted on shower and toilet
room floors.
The materials used in the
walls, except for structural elements, shall be of a type
which is not adversely affected by moisture.
All doors and windows shall be
arranged to prevent viewing of the interior from any portion
of the building used by the opposite sex and from view
from the outdoors. View screens shall be permitted for this
purpose.
Showers and lavatories shall be provided with
hot and cold water faucets.
Tempered water shall be permitted in lieu of
individual hot and cold water faucets.
A means to limit the hot water to 110°F (43°C)
maximum shall be provided to prevent scalding. This temperature
limit control shall not be adjustable by the pool user.
One guarded jet drinking fountain shall be provided for the
first 250 pool users and an additional fountain shall be provided
for each additional 200 pool users or fraction thereof.
The number of pool users shall be determined according to
Section 3116B.2.
Exception: Drinking fountains shall not be required when
drinking water is available at adjacent living quarters, or
in an adjacent building such as a bathhouse, cabana,
clubhouse or recreational facility.
Potable water outlets with hose attachments shall be protected
by a nonremovable hose bibb backflow preventer, a
nonremovable hose bibb vacuum breaker or by an atmospheric
vacuum breaker installed not less than 6 inches (152
mm) above the highest point of usage located on the discharge
side of the last valve as required by the California
Plumbing Code. In climates where freezing temperatures
occur, a listed self-draining frost-proof hose bibb with an
integral backflow preventer or vacuum breaker shall be used.
Hose bibbs shall be provided so that all portions of the pool
deck area may be reached with a 75 foot length of hose
attached to the hose bibb. A hose bibb shall be provided in
the equipment area. Hose bibbs shall be located so that they
do not constitute a hazard.
The pool shall be enclosed by one or a
combination of the following: a fence, portion of a building,
wall, or other approved durable enclosure. Doors, openable
windows, gates of living units or associated private premises
shall not be permitted as part of the pool enclosure. The
enclosure, doors and gates shall meet all of the following
specifications:
- The enclosure shall have a minimum effective perpendicular height of 5 feet (1524 mm) as measured from the outside as depicted in Figure 31B-4; and
- Openings, holes or gaps in the enclosure, doors and/or gates shall not allow the passage of a 4-inch (102 mm) diameter sphere. The enclosure shall be constructed over a hard and permanent material equivalent to concrete; and
- The enclosure shall be designed and constructed so that it cannot be readily climbed by small children. Horizontal and diagonal member designs which might serve as a ladder for small children are prohibited. Horizontal members shall be spaced at least 48 inches (1219 mm) apart. No planters or other structures that can be climbed shall be permitted within 5 feet (1524 mm) of the outside of the pool enclosure or within a 5 foot (1524 mm) arc as depicted in Figure 31B-5. The area 5 feet (1524 mm) outside of the pool enclosure shall be a common area open to the public; and
- Chain link may be used, provided that the openings are not greater than 13/4 inches (44 mm) measured horizontally.
Gates and doors opening into the pool enclosure
also shall meet the following specifications:
- Gates and doors shall be equipped with self-closing and self-latching devices. The self-latching device shall keep the gate or door securely closed. Gates and doors shall open outwardly away from the pool except where otherwise prohibited by law. Hand activated door or gate opening hardware shall be located at a height no lower than 42 inches (1067 mm) but no higher than 44 inches (1179 mm) above the deck or walkway; and
- Gates and doors shall be capable of being locked during times when the pool is closed. Exit doors which comply with Chapter 10, Title 24, California Code of Regulations shall be considered as meeting these requirements; and
- The pool enclosure shall have at least one means of egress without a key for emergency purposes. Unless all gates or doors are so equipped, those gates and/or doors which will allow egress without a key shall have a sign in letters at least 4 inches (102 mm) high stating EMERGENCY EXIT; and
- The enclosure shall be constructed so that all persons will be required to pass through common pool enclosure gates or doors in order to gain access to the pool area. All gates and doors exiting the pool area shall open into a public area or a walkway accessible by all patrons of the pool.
The enforcing agent may allow the installation of an
enclosure which reduces the pool deck to less than 4 feet
(1219 mm) in width when the physical characteristics of a
site preclude providing a 4-foot (1219 mm) wide deck around
the perimeter of an existing pool.
All signs shall have clearly legible letters
or numbers not less than 4 inches (102 mm) high, unless otherwise
required in this section, affixed to a wall, pole, gate or similar permanent structure in a location visible to all pool
users.
A sign shall indicate the
maximum number of pool users permitted for each pool.
The pool user capacity of a spa pool
shall be based on one pool user for every 10 square feet
(0.929 m2) of pool water surface area.
The pool user capacity for all
other pools shall be based on one pool user for every 20
square feet (1.858 m2) of pool water surface area.
Exception: Pool user capacity requirements do not
apply to wading pools or spray grounds.
Signs shall be posted in conspicuous
places and shall state, "NO DIVING" at pools with a maximum
water depth of 6 feet or less.
Where no lifeguard service is
provided, a sign shall be posted stating, "NO LIFEGUARD
ON DUTY." The sign also shall state in letters at least 1 inch
(25 mm) high, "Children should not use pool without adult
supervision."
Exception: "No lifeguard sign" requirement does not
apply to spray grounds that have no standing water.
An illustrated diagram with text at least 1/4 inch (6
mm) high of artificial respiration and cardiopulmonary resuscitation
procedures shall be posted.
The emergency telephone number
911 with numbers not less than 4 inches (102 mm), the number
of the nearest emergency services and the name and
street address of the pool facility with numbers and text not
less than 1 inch (25 mm) shall be posted.
A warning sign for
spa pools shall be posted stating, "CAUTION" and shall
include the following language in letters at least 1 inch (25
mm) high:
- Elderly persons, pregnant women, infants and those with health conditions requiring medical care should consult with a physician before entering the spa.
- Children should not use spa without adult supervision.
- Hot water immersion while under the influence of alcohol, narcotics, drugs or medicines may lead to serious consequences and is not recommended.
- Do not use alone.
- Long exposure may result in hyperthermia, nausea, dizziness or fainting.
In letters at least one inch (25
mm) high a sign shall be posted at the spa emergency shut off
switch stating, "EMERGENCY SHUT OFF SWITCH."
Where pools were constructed
for which lighting was not required, a sign shall be posted at
each pool entrance on the outside of the gate(s) stating, "NO
USE OF POOL ALLOWED AFTER DARK."
A sign shall be posted on the exterior
side of gates and doors leading into the pool enclosure area stating,
"KEEP GATE CLOSED." or "KEEP DOOR CLOSED."
[DSA-AC] Additional requirements may apply. Refer to Chapter 11B for accessibility provisions applicable to public accommodations, commercial buildings and public housing.
[DSA-AC] Additional requirements may apply. Refer to Chapter 11B for accessibility provisions applicable to public accommodations, commercial buildings and public housing.
The pool operator shall post at the
entrance area of a public pool a sign in letters at least 1 inch
(25 mm) high that clearly states that persons with diarrhea
and persons who have had diarrhea within the prior 14 days
shall not enter the pool water.
A sign in letters at least 1 inch (25
mm) high shall be posted that describes the requirements for
wave pools as described in Section 115952, Health and
Safety Code.
A sign shall be posted at each
spray ground and be visible from any part of the spray
ground that states, "CAUTION: WATER IS RECIRCULATED.
DO NOT DRINK."
Where automatic gaseous chlorine
chemical feeders are used, a warning sign with the
appropriate hazard identification symbol shall be posted on
the exterior side of the door entering the chemical feeder
room or area. The sign shall state, "DANGER: GASEOUS
OXIDIZER - (specific chemical name)" or as otherwise
required by the California Fire Code.
Where automatic gaseous
chemical feeders are used, a sign shall be posted at the
switch to the light and ventilation system for the gaseous
chemical feeder room stating, "TURN ON BEFORE ENTERING,"
or as otherwise required by the California Fire Code
or the California Electrical Code.
The direction of flow for the recirculation
equipment shall be labeled clearly with directional symbols
such as arrows on all piping in the equipment area.
Where the recirculation equipment for more
than one pool is located on site, the equipment shall be
marked as to which pool the system serves.
Valves and plumbing lines shall be labeled
clearly with the source or destination descriptions.
Indoor pools, dressing rooms and toilet rooms shall be ventilated
according to the requirements in Chapter 4 of the California
Mechanical Code.
For pools constructed on or after January 1, 2013, pool
equipment shall be enclosed as follows:
- All equipment installed for recirculation, filtration and disinfection of pool water shall be installed so that access is limited to persons authorized by the pool owner or operator; and
- Pool equipment shall be mounted on a continuous slab of concrete or other equivalent easily cleanable and nonabsorbent material; and
- Floors shall be sloped a minimum of 1/4 inch (6.4 mm) per foot to a drain.
Each pool shall be provided
with a separate recirculation system designed for the continuous
recirculation, filtration and disinfection of the pool
water. The system shall consist of pumps, filters, chemical
feeders, skimmers or perimeter overflow systems, valves,
pipes, connections, fittings and appurtenances.
Exception: Pools using fresh water equivalent in flow to
the requirements of Section 3124B.
Note: Fresh makeup pool water shall conform to the
water quality standards of Section 65531, Chapter 20,
Title 22, California Code of Regulations.
All pumps, filters, chemical feeders,
skimmers and supplemental equipment shall comply with the
applicable requirements established by the NSF/ANSI 50-2012 performance standard effective September 2012.
All equipment related to pool operations
shall be installed and maintained according to this
chapter and in accordance with the equipment manufacturer's
written instructions.
All filters, valves, pumps, strainers
and equipment shall be readily accessible for repair and
replacement.
The recirculation system shall have the capacity to provide a
complete turnover of pool water in:
- One-half hour or less for a spa pool; and
- One-half hour or less for a spray ground; and
- One hour or less for a wading pool; and
- Two hours or less for a medical pool; and
- Six hours or less for all other types of public pools.
Pipes shall be sized so flow velocity of
piping systems including all pipes and fittings other than inlet
devices or venturi throats shall not exceed 6 feet per second
(1.829 m/s) in any suction or copper piping and 8 feet per
second (2.438 m/s) in any portion of the return system.
All piping, tubing and fittings shall
comply with the applicable standards for potable water
system materials set forth in Chapter 6 of the California
Plumbing Code.
A pressure and vacuum gauge shall be provided
for each pump system. Each gauge shall have a scale
range approximately 11/4 times the maximum anticipated
working pressure or vacuum and shall be accurate within 2
percent of scale. The pressure gauge located on the filter
shall be marked with the clean start up pressure reading.
A flow meter shall be provided on each
recirculation system accurate to within 10 percent of flow
and installed according to the manufacturer's written
instructions with increments in the range of normal flow.
A basket strainer shall be provided
on the suction side of the recirculation pump. A basket
strainer will not be required on pumps connected to vacuum
filters where the filter elements are not removed for cleaning.
Piping, including necessary valves conforming to Section 3125B.1, shall be provided for each filter vessel or element which requires periodic back-washing.
Valves shall not be located in any deck area
surrounding a pool. Valves shall be installed on all recirculation,
backwashing and drain system lines which require shutoff
isolation, adjustment or control of the rate of flow. Each
valve shall be installed in the equipment area and labeled as
to its purpose.
Pool recirculation pumps shall have the following
total dynamic head capacities:
- Pressure diatomaceous earth filters. At least 60 feet (18,288 mm); and
- Vacuum diatomaceous earth filters. Twenty inches (508 mm) vacuum on the suction side and 40 feet (12,192 mm) total dynamic head;and
- Rapid sand filters. At least 45 feet (13,716 mm); and
- High rate sand filters. At least 60 feet (18,288 mm); and
- Cartridge filters. At least 60 feet (18,288 mm).
Pumps with other total dynamic head capacities
shall be permitted provided the turnover times are maintained
as required in Section 3124B.
Each pool shall be supplied with potable
water by means of a permanently installed pipeline from a
public water supply system holding a permit from the California
Department of Public Health or from a source approved
by the enforcing agent.
There shall be no direct connection
between any potable water supply system and the
pool or its piping system unless protected by a backflow prevention
device in accordance with Chapter 6 of the California
Plumbing Code.
Automatic makeup water flow controls
with a manual override control shall be provided to
maintain the proper pool water level.
All filters, regardless of
type, shall be designed and constructed according to the
applicable requirements established by the NSF/ANSI 50-2012 performance standard effective September 2012.
Each filter vessel shall be installed,
piped and provided with valves so that it can be isolated from
the recirculation system for repairs and backwashing.
In addition to the requirements for all filters as indicated in
Section 3128B, the following apply to rapid sand pressure filters.
The filtration rate shall not exceed 3
gallons per minute per square foot (122.24 L/m per m2) of filter
area. The backwash rate shall not be less than 15 gallons
per minute per square foot (611.2 L/m per m2) of filter area.
The filter shall contain not less than a
20-inch (508 mm) depth of media and not less than a 10-inch
(254 mm) depth of filter gravel above the underdrain system.
The filter media shall have an effective particle
size between 0.40 and 0.55 millimeters and a uniformity
coefficient not exceeding 1.75.
The filter gravel shall be sized and placed to
provide uniform flow distribution from the underdrain system
and to support the bed of filter sand without loss of
sand to the pool or without development of jet streams or
channeling in the filtration media.
In addition to the requirements for all filters as indicated in
Section 3128B, the following applies to diatomaceous earth
filters.
The filtration rate for both pressure and
vacuum diatomaceous earth filters shall not exceed 2 gallons
per minute per square foot (81.49 L/m per m2) of filter area.
In addition to the requirements for all filters as indicated in
Section 3128B, the following apply to high rate sand filters.
Maximum and minimum flow rates for
backwash and filtration shall be maintained according to the
applicable requirements established by the NSF/ANSI 50-2010 performance standard effective August 2010.
The filter media shall have an effective particle size
between 0.40 and 0.55 mm and a uniformity coefficient not
exceeding 1.75.
The backwash rate for a high rate sand filter shall
be a minimum of 15 gallons per minute per square foot of filter
area.
In addition to the requirements for all filters as indicated in
Section 3128B, the following apply to cartridge filters.
The filtration rate shall not exceed 0.375 gallons per
minute per square foot of filter area.
An approved wash down area equipped with potable
water shall be provided in the pool equipment area with permanently
installed drainage piping discharging to the public
sewer or wastewater system approved by the enforcing
wastewater agency. The filter vessel shall be capable of being
drained and shall be equipped with an indirect drain for the
purpose of draining the entire contents of the filter vessel.
Drainage and backwash piping shall be considered indirect
waste and installed in accordance with the requirements of
Chapter 8 of the California Plumbing Code.
An additional set of filter elements shall be available
for installation while the existing filter elements are cleaned.
All chemical feeders including disinfectant feeders and the
auxiliary feeders used for solutions, slurries or solids, along
with components such as pumps, strainers, tubing connections,
tanks and injection fittings shall comply with the provisions
of this section.
The chemical feeder
equipment shall:
- Be maintained and repaired according to manufacturers' specifications; and
- Be constructed with an adjustable output rate device to permit repeated adjustments without loss of output rate accuracy and adjusted by an automatic chemical monitoring and control system that regulates, at a minimum, pH and disinfectant; and
- Meet the applicable requirements established by the NSF/ANSI 50-2012 performance standard effective September 2012.
Piping used for the chemical feeder and its
auxiliary equipment shall be resistant to corrosion or chemical
deterioration.
Chemical feeders and associated components
shall be constructed and installed to prevent uncontrolled
discharge or siphoning of chemicals and fumes
directly into the pool, its recirculation system, the pool area
or ancillary facilities.
Disinfectant feeders shall comply with applicable requirements
established by the NSF/ANSI 50-2010 performance
standard effective August 2010 for disinfectant feeders. In
addition to the requirements for chemical feeders as indicated
in Section 3133B, the following apply to disinfectant
feeders.
All feeders shall be capable of
supplying not less than the equivalent of 3 pounds (1 kg) of
100 percent available chlorine per day per 10,000 gallons
(37,850 L) of pool water capacity.
A visible means of determining
the rate of flow through the device shall be provided
for each disinfectant feeder.
Chlorine gas shall not be dispensed directly into the water of
a pool except as an aqueous solution through the return line
of the recirculation system.
Each container or
cylinder shall be secured to prevent accidental movement. A
valve protection cap shall be provided to cover the discharge
valve at all times when the cylinder is not connected to the
dispensing system.
Compressed gas chlorine containers
in use shall be on a scale in the gas chlorinator room.
The chlorine feeding
device shall be capable of delivering chlorine in an aqueous
solution at the maximum design rate. The device shall not
allow the backflow of pool water into the chlorine container.
The device shall not allow the release of chlorine gas to the
atmosphere under normal operating conditions. The device
shall be designed and installed to conduct chlorine gas leaks
to the outdoors during a release of chlorine gas or an interruption
of the water supply.
Piping carrying chlorine gas under pressure
shall not be located outside the gas chlorination equipment
room.
Compressed chlorine gas storage containers and auxiliary
components shall be installed indoors in a separate room of
not less than 1-hour fire resistant construction and shall comply
with the California Fire Code and all of the following.
The gas chlorination equipment room
shall not be located in any habitable building, above the first
floor or below ground level.
Mechanical exhaust ventilation systems
shall be in compliance with the California Mechanical Code.
An audible and visible chlorine detection
alarm system shall be located in the room containing the gas
chlorine equipment. The sensor shall be located within 6
inches (152 mm) of the floor level. The system shall continually
monitor the room and shall activate when chlorine concentrations
in the room exceed a Permissible Exposure Limit
of 0.5 ppm. Activation of the alarm shall shut off the chlorine
at the source and turn on the lights and ventilation system.
The alarm system shall consist of the following:
- An audible alarm capable of producing a sound level of at least 90 decibels; and
- A visible alarm consisting of a strobe light which is mounted directly over the entrance to the chlorine equipment room. The light shall be visible during daylight hours.
Artificial illumination of at least 50
footcandles as measured 30 inches (750 mm) from the floor
shall be provided in the room.
Switches for the control of mechanical
ventilation and lighting fixtures shall be located adjacent to
the entry door outside the room.
The gas chlorine feeding
device shall be interlocked with the pool recirculating pump
so that the gas chlorine feeding device shall not operate when
the recirculating pump is off or during the filter backwash.
The gas chlorine room shall not be used for
the storage of items not related to the use of the gas chlorine
equipment.
The pool shall be equipped with one or more skimming methods
to provide continuous skimming of the pool water and
shall be capable of continually withdrawing not less than 100
percent of the flow rate.
Each surface skimmer shall
comply with the following provisions:
- The skimmer shall be recessed into the pool wall; and
- The skimmer shall be individually adjustable for the rate of flow with either an external or internal device; and
- If used, a skimmer equalizer suction outlet shall be connected to at least two suction grate assemblies that meet the ANSI/APSP-16 2011 performance standard and are located at least 3 feet (915 mm) apart in any dimension between the suction outlets; and
- The skimmer weir shall automatically adjust to variations in the pool water level over a range of not less than 4 inches (102 mm); and
- Each skimmer shall be provided with a removable and cleanable screen or basket to trap objects. The screen or basket shall be accessible through an opening in the deck above the skimmer; and
- There shall be a minimum of one skimmer for every 500 square feet or less of pool water surface area or an adequate number to meet 100 percent of pump flow at the manufacturer's maximum flow rating, whichever is greater; and
- Each skimmer shall be located in relation to pool inlets to aid recirculation and surface skimming; and
- All surface skimmers shall comply with applicable requirements established by the NSF/ANSI 50-2012 performance standard effective September 2012.
A perimeter overflow
system shall be required in pools whose water surface area
equals or exceeds 5,000 square feet (464.52 m2). Perimeter
overflow systems shall be designed by an engineer or architect
who has experience working on public pools and shall
comply with the following provisions:
- Location. The overflow system shall be integrated with the pool structure and extend completely around the pool parallel to the pool deck except where an entry or exit may require interruption; and
- Channel detail. The overflow channel shall be not less than 3 inches (76 mm) deep, the section shall not diverge with depth of the channel, and the width of the bottom shall be not less than 3 inches (76 mm). The opening beneath the coping into the overflow system shall be a minimum of 4 inches (102 mm) beneath the coping in any direction measured radially from the inner edge of the overflow channel lip; and
- Channel lip. The overflow channel lip shall be not more than 12 inches (305 mm) below the level of the coping or deck. The lip edge shall be rounded and shall be not thicker than 21/2 inches (64 mm) or thinner than 1 inch (25 mm) for the top 2 inches (51 mm); and
- Channel covering. Covered overflow channels shall be permitted provided the openings do not exceed 1/2 inch in the smaller dimension; and
- Channel outlets. Channel outlet spacing and channel bottom slope shall be hydraulically designed by an engineer or architect who has experience working on public pools; and
- Channel outlet covers. Overflow channel outlet covers shall be accessible for cleaning and maintenance. Openings of the channel outlet covers shall not pass a 1/2 inch (13 mm) sphere in the smaller dimension; and
- Channel drain piping. Channel drain piping shall provide drainage of the overflow system, carry overflow water to a surge basin and return to skimming within 10 minutes after being flooded by a sudden displacement of the pool water by pool users; and
- Surge storage capacity. A perimeter overflow system shall be provided with a minimum surge storage capacity of not less than 1 gallon per square foot (40.75 L/m2) of pool water surface area. Surge storage shall be permitted in the surge basin, perimeter overflow channel and in the channel drain piping returning to the surge basin.
Each pool shall be provided with a main
drain submerged suction outlet typically located at the bottom
of a pool that conducts water to a recirculating pump. Suction
outlets shall comply with all of the following provisions:
- Each pump on a pool system shall be connected to at least two suction outlets. The suction outlets shall be hydraulically balanced and symmetrically plumbed through one or more "T" fittings and shall be separated by a distance of at least 3 feet (915 mm) in any dimension between the suction outlets; and
- All suction outlets shall be equipped with suction fittings that meet the ANSI/APSP-16 2011 performance standard; and
- The velocity of the suction piping installed between the suction outlets shall not exceed 3 feet per second (.91 mps) under normal operation, or 6 feet per second (1.82 mps) if one outlet is blocked; and
- Hydrostatic relief devices. In areas with a high ground-water
table, or as required by local plumbing codes, a
hydrostatic relief device shall be installed. When used in
conjunction with a safety vacuum release system, the
hydrostatic relief device must meet the manufacturer's
installation requirements for the safety vacuum release
system.
Exception: Alternative outlet locations that have been designed by a licensed engineer who has experience working on public pools may be used if approved by the enforcing agent.
Each pool shall be provided with not
less than two recirculation system inlets for the first 10,000
gallon (37,850 L) capacity and one additional inlet for each
additional 10,000 gallon (37,850 L) or less capacity.
Inlet fittings shall not protrude
greater than 11/4
inches (32 mm) into the pool and shall be
shaped, rounded and smooth.
Inlet fittings shall be located no less
than 18 inches (457 mm) below the waterline, except for a spa pool or wading pool. Inlet fittings shall be separated
by at least 10 feet (3048 mm) and shall be located so as to
ensure uniform circulation.
Provisions shall be made for
adjusting the volume of flow through each inlet. Wall
inlets shall be capable of adjusting the direction of flow
and to produce sufficient velocity to impart a substantial
circulatory movement to the pool water.
Pools that are greater than 40 feet
(12,192 mm) in width or 3,000 square feet (278.7 mm2) in
surface area shall have floor-mounted return inlets. The
number of floor inlets shall be in compliance with Section
3137B.2. All floor inlet fittings shall be located to provide
uniform circulation and shall be installed so as to be flush
with the surface of the pool bottom.
FIGURE 31B-1
DEPTHS AND CLEARANCES FOR POOLS WITH DIVING BOARDS GREATER THAN 30 INCHES (762 mm) ABOVE THE WATER LINE
Notes for Figure 31B-1 and Table 31B-1:
FIGURE 31B-2
DEPTHS AND CLEARANCES FOR POOLS WITH DIVING BOARDS 30 INCHES (762 MM) OR LESS ABOVE THE WATER LINE
Notes for Figure 31B-2 and Table 31B-2:
FIGURE 31B-3
DEPTHS AND CLEARANCES FOR POOLS WITHOUT DIVING BOARDS
Notes for Figure 31B-3 and Tables 31B-3a and 31B-3b.
DEPTHS AND CLEARANCES FOR POOLS WITH DIVING BOARDS GREATER THAN 30 INCHES (762 mm) ABOVE THE WATER LINE
| DEPTH OF WATER | LENGTH OF SECTION | |||||||||
| BOARDS AND PLATFORMS |
DIM | D1 | D2 | D3 | D4 | L1 | L2 | L3 | W1 | W2 |
| 1-meter board | Min. | 5'-6" | 11'-6" | 11'-2" | 0'-0" | 16'-5" | 29'-7" | 5'-11" | 7'-11" | 8'-3" |
| 3-meter board | Min. | 6'-6" | 12'-6" | 12'-2" | 0'-0" | 19'-9" | 33'-8" | 5'-11" | 8'-7" | 11'-6" |
- Maximum radius shall equal D2 minus D1 dimensions.
- Radius at the shallow end shall not be more than 12 inches.
- The length of a section is based on the maximum slope and other maximum and minimum dimensions.
- Where there is a break in slope, the break shall be located at a water depth equal to 4'-6".
- The springline depth at (4) shall not be more than 4'-0".
- The maximum water depth shall be 3'-6".
- Each pool shall be provided with a main drain submerged suction outlet typically located at the bottom of the pool that conducts water to a recirculating pump.
DEPTHS AND CLEARANCES FOR POOLS WITH DIVING BOARDS 30 INCHES (762 MM) OR LESS ABOVE THE WATER LINE
| DEPTH OF WATER | LENGTH OF SECTION | |||||||||
| DIMENSION | D1 | D2 | D3 | D4 | L1 | L2 | L3 | W1 | W2 | |
| Minimum | 2'-6" | 8'-6" | 0'-0" | 7'-0" | 6'-0" | 6'-0" | 2'-6" | 30'-0" | 9'-0" | 3'-0" |
| Maximum | — | — | 3'-6" | — | 10'-0" | — | 4'-0" | — | — | — |
- Radius at the shallow end shall be a maximum of 1'-0".
- Springline D1 shall extend to the break in slope between the shallow area and the deep area.
- Maximum radius shall equal D2 minus D1 dimensions.
- Where there is a break in slope, the break shall be located at a water depth equal to 4'-6".
- Length of section is based on maximum slope and other maximum or minimum dimensions.
- Each pool shall be provided with a main drain submerged suction outlet typically located at the bottom of the pool that conducts water to a recirculating pump.
DEPTHS AND CLEARANCES FOR POOLS WITHOUT DIVING BOARDS
| DEPTH OF WATER | LENGTH OF SECTION | ||||||
| DIMENSION | D1 | D2 | D3 | L1 | L2 | L3 | W1 |
| Minimum | 2'-6" | — | 0'-0" | 3'-6" | 3'-0" | 3'-0" | 6'-0" |
| Maximum | — | 6'-0" | 3'-6" | — | — | — | — |
| DEPTH OF WATER | LENGTH OF SECTION | |||||
| DIMENSION | D1 | D2 | D3 | L1 | L2 | W1 |
| Minimum | 2'-6" | > 6'-0" | 0'-0" | 3'-6" | 3'-0" | 7'-6" |
| Maximum | — | — | 3'-6" | — | — | — |
- Radius at the shallow end shall be a maximum of 1'-0".
- Springline D1 shall extend to the break in slope between the shallow area and deep area.
- Maximum radius shall equal D2 minus D1 dimensions.
- Where there is a break in slope, the break shall be located at a water depth equal to 4'-6".
- Each pool shall be provided with a main drain submerged suction outlet typically located at the bottom of the pool that conducts water to a recirculating pump.
A spa pool aeration and/or jet system
shall be completely separate from the recirculation system
and shall not be interconnected with any other pool.
The allowable
water temperature of a spa pool shall not exceed 104° F (40° C).
The water surface area of a spa pool
shall not exceed 250 square feet (23.23 m2).
The water depth in a spa pool
shall not exceed 4 feet (1220 mm).
A clearly labeled emergency
shut off switch for the control of both the recirculation
system and the aeration and/or jet system shall be installed
adjacent to the spa pool.
Solar heating systems shall comply with the following:
- Solar heating system suction outlets shall comply with Section 3137B; and
- Solar heating system suction outlets shall be located no closer than 5 feet (1525 mm) to any pool inlet fitting; and
- The installation of a solar heating system on a new or existing pool shall not interfere with the required turnover rate as specified in Section 3124B nor exceed the pipe flow velocities as specified in Section 3125B.1.
A vacuum cleaning system shall be available which is capable
of removing sediment from all parts of the pool floor. A
cleaning system using potable water shall be protected by a
backflow prevention device in accordance with Chapter 6 of
the California Plumbing Code. No cleaning system shall
operate in the pool when the pool is open or available for use
by pool users. Built-in vacuum suction lines shall not be
installed in the pool.
Material cleaned from filters
and backwash water from any recirculation system shall
be disposed in a manner that is acceptable to the local wastewater
agency and will not create a nuisance. Backwash water
shall not be returned to a pool. Pipes carrying wastewater
from pools including pool drainage and backwash from filters
shall be installed as an indirect waste in accordance with
the requirements of Chapter 8 of the California Plumbing
Code. Where a pump is used to discharge waste pool water to
the drainage system, the pump discharge shall be installed as
an indirect waste.
The backwash from a
diatomaceous earth filter shall discharge into a separation
tank that has been installed to collect the waste diatomaceous
earth mixture. The wastewater from the separation tank shall
discharge into a sanitary sewer or other disposal system
acceptable to the local wastewater agency.
Sumps and drain piping shall have sufficient
capacity to receive recirculation system backwash without
overflow of the sump receiver. The sump shall not permit
sewage to enter the surge basin or the pool in the event of a
sewage backup
Where direct observation of the
backwash discharge is not visible to the operator during
backwash operations, a sight glass shall be installed on the
wastewater discharge line.
There shall be no direct connection
between the pool, its recirculation system or overflow
drain to any sanitary sewer, storm drain or drainage system.
Note: These building standards are in statute but have not
been adopted through the regulatory process. Enforcement of
these standards set forth in this section does not depend upon
adoption of regulations; therefore, enforcement agencies
shall enforce the standards pursuant to the timeline set forth
in this section prior to adoption of related regulations.
- "Public swimming pool," as used in this section, means any swimming pool operated for the use of the general public with or without charge, or for the use of the members and guests of a private club, including any swimming pool located on the grounds of a hotel, motel, inn, an apartment complex or any residential setting other than a single-family home. For purposed of this section, "public swimming pool" shall not include a swimming pool located on the grounds of a private single-family home, or a swimming pool owned or operated by the state or any local governmental entity as set forth in Section 116049 of the Health and Safety Code.
- All dry-niche light fixtures, and all underwater wet-niche light fixtures operating at more than 15 volts in public swimming pools, as defined in this section, shall be protected by a ground fault circuit interrupter in the branch circuit, and all light fixtures in public swimming pools shall have encapsulated terminals.
- Any public swimming pool that does not meet the requirements specified in Item 2 by January 1, 1998, shall be retrofitted to comply with these requirements by July 1, 1998.
- The ground-fault circuit interrupter required pursuant to this section shall comply with Underwriter's Laboratory standards.
- The owner or operator of a public swimming pool shall have its public swimming pool inspected by a qualified inspector on or before September 1, 1998, to determine compliance with this section.
- All electrical work required for compliance with this section shall be performed by an electrician licensed pursuant to Chapter 9 (commencing with Section 7000) of Division 3 of the Business and Professions Code.
Reference: Health and Safety Code Section 116049 SB 1360, (Statutes 1995, c. 415).
- "Public wading pool" means a pool that meets all of
the following criteria:
- It has a maximum water depth not exceeding 18 inches (457 mm).
- It is a pool other than a pool that is located on the premises of a one-unit or two-unit residence, intended solely or the use of the residents or guests.
- "Public wading pool" includes, but is not limited to, a pool owned or operated by private persons or agencies, or by state or local governmental agencies.
- "Public wading pool" includes, but is not limited to, a pool located in an apartment house, hotel or similar setting that is intended for the use of residents or guests.
- "Alteration" means any of the following:
- To change, modify or rearrange the structural parts or the design.
- To enlarge.
- To move the location of.
- To install a new water circulation system.
- To make any repairs costing fifty dollars ($50) or more to an existing circulation system.
- A public wading pool shall have at least two circulation drains per pump that are hydraulically balanced and symmetrically plumbed through one or more T fittings, and are separated by a distance of at least 3 feet (914 mm) in any dimension between drains.
- All public wading pool main drain suction outlets that are under 12 inches (305 mm) across shall be covered with antivortex grates or similar protective devices. All main drain suction outlets shall be covered with grates or antivortex plates that cannot be removed except with the use of tools. Slots or openings in the grates or similar protective devices shall be of a shape, area and arrangement that would prevent physical entrapment and would not pose any suction hazard to bathers.
- The maximum velocity in the pump suction hydraulic system shall not exceed 6 feet per second (1.8 m/s) when 100 percent of the pump's flow comes from the main drain system and any main drain suction fitting in the system is completely blocked.
- On or after January 1, 1998, all newly constructed public wading pools shall be constructed in compliance with this section.
- Commencing January 1, 1998, whenever a construction permit is issued for alteration of an existing public wading pool, it shall be retrofitted so as to be in compliance with this section.
- By January 1, 2000, every public wading pool, regardless of the date of original construction, shall be retrofitted to comply with this section.
Reference: Health and Safety Code Section 116064 AB 2114, (Statues 1995, c. 415).
- The Legislature finds and declares that the public health interest requires that there be uniform statewide health and safety standards for public swimming pools to prevent physical entrapment and serious injury to children and adults. It is the intent of the Legislature to occupy the whole field of health and safety standards for public swimming pools and the requirements established in this article and the regulations adopted pursuant to this article shall be exclusive of all local health and safety standards relating to public swimming pools.
- As used in this section, the following words have the
following meanings:
- (a) "ANSI/APSP performance standard" means a standard that is accredited by the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) and published by the Association of Pool and Spa Professionals (APSP).
- (b) "ASME/ANSI performance standard" means a standard that is accredited by the American National Standards Institute and published by the American Society of Mechanical Engineers.
- (c) "ASTM performance standard" means a standard that is developed and published by ASTM International.
- (d) "Public swimming pool" means an outdoor or
indoor structure, whether in-ground or aboveground,
intended for swimming or recreational
bathing, including a swimming pool, hot tub,
spa, or nonportable wading pool, that is any of
the following:
- Open to the public generally, whether for a fee or free of charge.
- Open exclusively to members of an organization and their guests, residents of a multiunit apartment building, apartment complex, residential real estate development, or other multifamily residential area, or patrons of a hotel or other public accommodations facility.
- Located on the premises of an athletic club, or public or private school.
- (e) "Qualified individual" means a contractor who holds a current valid license issued by the State of California or a professional engineer licensed in the State of California who has experience working on public swimming pools.
- (f) "Safety vacuum release system" means a vacuum release system that ceases operation of the pump, reverses the circulation flow, or otherwise provides a vacuum release at a suction outlet when a blockage is detected.
- (g) "Skimmer equalizer line" means a suction outlet located below the waterline, typically on the side of the pool, and connected to the body of a skimmer that prevents air from being drawn into the pump if the water level drops below the skimmer weir. However, a skimmer equalizer line is not a suction outlet for purposes of Subdivisions (4) and (6).
- (h) "Suction outlet" means a fitting or fixture of a swimming pool that conducts water to a recirculating pump.
- (i) "Unblockable suction outlet" means a suction outlet, including the sump, that has a perforated (open) area that cannot be shadowed by the area of the 18-inch by 23-inch body blocking element of the ANSI/APSP-16 performance standard, and that the rated flow through any portion of the remaining open area cannot create a suction force in excess of the removal force values in Table 1 of that standard.
- Subject to Subdivision (6), every public swimming
pool shall be equipped with anti-entrapment devices
or systems that comply with ANSI/APSP-16 performance
standard or successor standard designated by
the Federal Consumer Product Safety Commission.
- A public swimming pool that has a suction outlet
in any location other than on the bottom of the
pool shall be designed so that the recirculation
system shall have the capacity to provide a complete
turnover of pool water within the following
time:
- One-half hour or less for a spa pool.
- One-half hour or less for a spray ground.
- One hour or less for a wading pool.
- Two hours or less for a medical pool.
- Six hours or less for all other types of public pools.
- A public swimming pool that has a suction outlet
in any location other than on the bottom of the
pool shall be designed so that the recirculation
system shall have the capacity to provide a complete
turnover of pool water within the following
time:
- Subject to Subdivisions (5) and (6), every public
swimming pool with a single suction outlet that is not
an unblockable suction outlet shall be equipped with
at least one or more of the following devices or systems
that are designed to prevent physical entrapment
by pool drains:
- (a) A safety vacuum release system that has been tested by a nationally recognized testing laboratory and found to conform to ASME/ANSI Performance Standard A112.19.17, as in effect on December 31, 2009, or ASTM Performance Standard F2387, as in effect on December 31, 2009.
- (b) A suction-limiting vent system with a tamper-resistant atmospheric opening, provided that it conforms to any applicable ASME/ANSI or ASTM performance standard.
- (c) A gravity drainage system that utilizes a collector tank, provided that it conforms to any applicable ASME/ANSI or ASTM performance standard.
- (d) An automatic pump shut-off system tested by a department-approved independent third party and found to conform to any applicable ASME/ANSI or ASTM performance standard.
- (e) Any other system that is deemed, in accordance with federal law, to be equally effective as, or more effective than, the systems described in paragraph (a) at preventing or eliminating the risk of injury or death associated with the circulation system of the pool and suction outlets.
- Every public swimming pool constructed on or after January 1, 2010, shall have at least two suction outlets per pump that are hydraulically balanced and symmetrically plumbed through one or more "T" fittings, and that are separated by a distance of at least three feet in any dimension between the suction outlets. A public swimming pool constructed on or after January 1, 2010, that meets the requirements of this subdivision, shall be exempt from the requirements of Subdivision (4).
- A public swimming pool constructed prior to January
1, 2010, shall be retrofitted to comply with Subdivisions
(3) and (4) by no later than July 1, 2010, except
that no further retrofitting is required for a public
swimming pool that completed a retrofit between
December 19, 2007, and January 1, 2010, that complied
with the Virginia Graeme Baker Pool and Spa
Safety Act (15 U.S.C. Sec. 8001 et seq.) as in effect on
the date of issue of the construction permit, or for a
nonportable wading pool that completed a retrofit
prior to January 1, 2010, that complied with state law
on the date of issue of the construction permit. A public
swimming pool owner who meets the exception
described in this subdivision shall do one of the following
prior to September 30, 2010:
- File the form issued by the department pursuant to subdivision (g), as otherwise provided in subdivision (h).
- File a signed statement attesting that the required work has been completed.
- Provide a document containing the name and license number of the qualified individual who completed the required work.
- Provide either a copy of the final building permit,
if required by the local agency, or a copy of one
of the following documents if no permit was
required:
- (i) A document that describes the modification in a manner that provides sufficient information to document the work that was done to comply with federal law.
- (ii) A copy of the final paid invoice. The amount paid for the services may be omitted or redacted from the final invoice prior to submission.
- Prior to March 31, 2010, the department shall issue a
form for use by an owner of a public swimming pool
to indicate compliance with this section. The department
shall consult with county health officers and
directors of departments of environmental health in
developing the form and shall post the form on the
department's Internet Web site. The form shall be
completed by the owner of a public swimming pool
prior to filing the form with the appropriate city,
county, or city and county department of environmental
health. The form shall include, but not be limited
to, the following information:
- A statement of whether the pool operates with a single suction outlet or multiple suction outlets that comply with Subdivision (5).
- Identification of the type of anti-entrapment devices or systems that have been installed pursuant to Subdivision (4) and the date or dates of installation.
- Identification of the type of devices or systems designed to prevent physical entrapment that have been installed pursuant to Subdivision (4) in a public swimming pool with a single suction outlet that is not an unblockable suction outlet and the date or dates of installation or the reason why the requirement is not applicable.
- A signature and license number of a qualified individual who certifies that the factual information provided on the form in response to paragraphs (a) to (c), inclusive, is true to the best of his or her knowledge.
- A qualified individual who improperly certifies information pursuant to Paragraph (d) of Subdivision (7) shall be subject to potential disciplinary action at the discretion of the licensing authority.
- Except as provided in Subdivision (6), each public swimming pool owner shall file a completed copy of the form issued by the department pursuant to this section with the city, county, or city and county department of environmental health in the city, county, or city and county in which the swimming pool is located. The form shall be filed within 30 days following the completion of the swimming pool construction or installation required pursuant to this section or, if the construction or installation is completed prior to the date that the department issues the form pursuant to this section, within 30 days of the date that the department issues the form. The public swimming pool owner or operator shall not make a false statement, representation, certification, record, report, or otherwise falsify information that he or she is required to file or maintain pursuant to this section.
- In enforcing this section, health officers and directors of city, county, or city and county departments of environmental health shall consider documentation filed on or with the form issued pursuant to this section by the owner of a public swimming pool as evidence of compliance with this section. A city, county, or city and county department of environmental health may verify the accuracy of the information filed on or with the form.
- To the extent that the requirements for public wading pools imposed by Section 116064 conflict with this section, the requirements of this section shall prevail.
- The department shall have no authority to take any enforcement action against any person for violation of this section and has no responsibility to administer or enforce the provisions of this section.
Reference: Health and Safety Code Section 116064.2 AB 2114, (Statutes 2012, c. 679).
PERPENDICULAR FENCING DIMENSIONS ON SLOPING GROUND
EFFECTIVE FENCING HEIGHT
DEPTHS AND DIMENSIONS FOR SPA POOLS
| DEPTH OF WATER | LENGTH OF SECTION | |||
| DIMENSION | D1 | D2 | L1 | L2 |
| Minimum | — | 24" | 12" | 24" |
| Maximum | 24" | — | 24" | — |
- Bottom slope shall not exceed 1:10 and must be uniform.
- Bench ramping shall not exceed 1:10 uniform slope, measured at the inner circumference of the bench.
- Six inch minimum radius at "pinch points."
- See Section 3111B for step and handrail dimensions.
STAIR AND HANDRAIL DIMENSIONS
| DIMENSION | T-1 STANDARD | T-1 TRIANGULAR, CONCAVE, CONVEX |
T-2 | T-3 | W-1 | H-1 | H-2 |
| Minimum | 14" | 21" | 12" | 3" | 24" | 6" | 28" |
| Maximum | 18" | 24" | 16" | — | — | 12" | 36" |
- Six-inch minimum radius at "pinch points".
DEPTH MARKER LOCATIONS
- Maximum depth.
- Minimum depth.
- Each end of pool.
- Both sides at the shallowest and deepest parts of pool.
- At the break in the bottom slope between the shallow and deep end.
- Along the perimeter of the pool at distances not to exceed 25 feet.
