Heads up:
There are no suggested sections in this chapter.
Heads up:
There are no amended sections in this chapter.
| Adopting Agency | BSC | BSC-CG | SFM | HCD | DSA | OSHPD | BSCC | DPH | AGR | DWR | CEC | CA | SL | SLC | |||||||||
| 1 | 2 | 1-AC | AC | SS | SS/CC | 1 | 1R | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | ||||||||||||
| Adopt Entire Chapter | X | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Adopt Entire Chapter as amended (amended sections listed below) |
X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | ||||||||||||||
| Adopt only those sections that are listed below |
|||||||||||||||||||||||
| Chapter/Section | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| 701.2(2) | X | X | |||||||||||||||||||||
| 701.2(2) (a) | X | X | |||||||||||||||||||||
| 701.2(2) (b) | X | X | X | X | X | X | |||||||||||||||||
| Table 702.1 | X | X | X | ||||||||||||||||||||
| 705.1.2 | X | X | |||||||||||||||||||||
| 705.6.2 | X | X | |||||||||||||||||||||
| 705.9.4 | X | X | |||||||||||||||||||||
| 710.3 | X | X | |||||||||||||||||||||
| 713.4 | X | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 717.2 | X | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 724.0 - 724.2 | X | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 725.0 | X | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 726.0 - 726.2 | X | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 727.0 - 727.1(a) (b) | X | ||||||||||||||||||||||
The Office of the State Fire Marshal's adoption of this chapter or individual sections is applicable to structures regulated by other state agencies pursuant to Section 1.11.0.
This chapter shall govern the materials,
design, and installation of sanitary drainage systems and
building sewers.
Materials for drainage piping shall
be in accordance with one of the referenced standards in Table
701.2 except that:
* For building sewer applications.
- No galvanized wrought-iron or galvanized steel pipe shall be used underground and shall be kept not less than 6 inches (152 mm) aboveground.
-
ABS and PVC DWV piping installations shall be
installed in accordance with applicable standards referenced
in Table 701.2 and the fire stop protection requirements
in the California Building Code. Except for
individual single-family dwelling units, materials
exposed within ducts or plenums shall have a flame-spread
index of not more than 25 and a smoke-developed
index of not more than 50, where tested in accordance
with ASTM E84 or UL 723. These tests shall comply
with all requirements of the standards to include the sample
size, both for width and length. Plastic pipe shall not
be tested filled with
water.
- [HCD 1 & HCD 2] ABS and PVC installations are limited to not more than two stories of areas of residential accommodation.
- [OSHPD 1, 1R, 2, 3, 4 & 5] ABS and PVC installations are not allowed.
- No vitrified clay pipe or fittings shall be used aboveground or where pressurized by a pump or ejector. They shall be kept not less than 12 inches (305 mm) belowground.
- Copper or copper alloy tube for drainage and vent piping shall have a weight of not less than that of copper or copper alloy drainage tube type DWV.
- Stainless steel 304 pipe and fittings shall not be installed underground and shall be kept not less than 6 inches (152 mm) aboveground.
- Cast-iron soil pipe and fittings and the stainless steel couplings used to join these products shall be listed and tested in accordance with standards referenced in Table 701.2. Such pipe and fittings shall be marked with the country of origin, manufacturer's name or registered trademark as defined in the product standards, the third party certifier's mark, and the class of the pipe or fitting.
| MATERIAL | UNDERGROUND DRAIN, WASTE, VENT PIPE AND FITTINGS |
ABOVEGROUND DRAIN, WASTE, VENT PIPE AND FITTINGS |
BUILDING SEWER PIPE AND FITTINGS |
REFERENCED STANDARD (S) PIPE | REFERENCED STANDARD(S) FITTINGS |
| ABS (Schedule 40) | X | X | X | ASTM D2661, ASTM D2680* |
ASTM D2661, ASTM D2680* |
| Cast-Iron | X | X | X | ASTM A74, ASTM A888, CISPI 301 |
ASME B16.12, ASTM A74, ASTM A888, CISPI 301 |
| Co-Extruded ABS (Schedule 40) | X | X | X | ASTM F628 | ASTM D2661, ASTM D2680* |
| Co-Extruded Composite (Schedule 40) |
X | X | X | ASTM F1488 | ASTM D2661, ASTM D2665, ASTM F794*, ASTM F1866 |
| Co-Extruded PVC (Schedule 40) | X | X | X | ASTM F891, ASTM F1760 |
ASTM D2665, ASTM F794*, ASTM F1336*, ASTM F1866 |
| Copper and Copper Alloys (Type DWV) | X | X | X | ASTM B43, ASTM B75, ASTM B251, ASTM B302, ASTM B306 |
ASME B16.23, ASME B16.29 |
| Galvanized Malleable Iron | - | X | - | - | ASME B16.3 |
| Galvanized Steel | - | X | - | ASTM A53 | - |
| Polyethylene | - | - | X | ASTM F714, ASTM F894 |
- |
| PVC (Schedule 40) | X | X | X | ASTM D1785, ASTM D2665, ASTM F794* |
ASTM D2665, ASTM F794*, ASTM F1866 |
| PVC (Sewer and Drain) | - | - | X | ASTM D2729 | ASTM D2729 |
| PVC PSM | - | - | X | ASTM D3034 | ASTM D3034 |
| Stainless Steel 304 | - | X | - | ASME A112.3.1 | ASME A112.3.1 |
| Stainless Steel 316L | X | X | X | ASME A112.3.1 | ASME A112.3.1 |
| Vitrified Clay (Extra strength) | - | - | X | ASTM C700 | ASTM C700 |
Materials for drainage fittings
shall comply with the applicable standards referenced in
Table 701.2 of the same diameter as the piping served, and
such fittings shall be compatible with the type of pipe used.
Fittings on screwed pipe shall
be of the recessed drainage type. Burred ends shall be
reamed to the full bore of the pipe.
The threads of drainage fittings shall
be tapped to allow 1/4 inch per foot (20.8 mm/m) grade.
Fittings used for drainage shall be of the
drainage type, have a smooth interior water-way, and be
constructed to allow 1/4 inch per foot (20.8 mm/m) grade.
Continuous wastes and fixture
tailpieces shall be constructed from the materials specified in
Section 701.2 for drainage piping, provided, however, that
such connections where exposed or accessible shall be permitted
to be of seamless drawn brass not less than No. 20 B
& S Gauge (0.032 inches) (0.8 mm).
(See Table 1701.1) Sheet lead shall comply with
the following:
- For safe pans - not less than 4 pounds per square foot (lb/ft2) (19 kg/m2) or 1/16 of an inch (1.6 mm) thick.
- For flashings or vent terminals - not less than 3 lb/ft2 (15 kg/m2) or 0.0472 of an inch (1.2 mm) thick.
- Lead bends and lead traps shall be not less than 1/2 of an inch (3.2 mm) in wall thickness.
Caulking ferrules shall be manufactured
from copper or copper alloy and shall be in accordance
with Table 701.6.
For SI units: 1 inch = 25 mm, 1 pound = 0.453 kg, 1 ounce = 0.02834 kg
| PIPE SIZE (inches) |
INSIDE DIAMETER (inches) |
LENGTH (inches) |
MINIMUM WEIGHT EACH | |
| pounds | ounces | |||
| 2 | 21/4 | 41/2 | 1 | 0 |
| 3 | 31/4 | 41/2 | 1 | 12 |
| 4 | 41/4 | 41/2 | 2 | 8 |
Soldering bushings shall be
of copper or copper alloy and shall be in accordance with
Table 701.7.
For SI units: 1 inch = 25 mm, 1 pound = 0.453 kg, 1 ounce = 0.02834 kg
| PIPE SIZE (inches) |
MINIMUM WEIGHT EACH |
PIPE SIZE (inches) |
MINIMUM WEIGHT EACH |
||
| pounds | ounces | pounds | ounces | ||
| 11/4 | 0 | 6 | 21/2 | 1 | 6 |
| 11/2 | 0 | 8 | 3 | 2 | 0 |
| 2 | 0 | 14 | 4 | 3 | 8 |
The unit equivalent of plumbing fixtures
shown in Table 702.1 shall be based on the size of the trap
required, and the unit equivalent of fixtures and devices not
shown in Table 702.1 shall be based on the size of trap or trap
arm.
Maximum drainage fixture units for a fixture trap and trap arm loadings for sizes up to 4 inches (100 mm) shall be in accordance with Table 702.2(1).
For SI units: 1 inch = 25 mm
Notes:
Maximum drainage fixture units for a fixture trap and trap arm loadings for sizes up to 4 inches (100 mm) shall be in accordance with Table 702.2(1).
| PLUMBING APPLIANCES, APPURTENANCES, OR FIXTURES | MINIMUM SIZE TRAP AND TRAP ARM7 (inches) |
PRIVATE | PUBLIC | ASSEMBLY8 |
| Bathtub or Combination Bath/Shower | 11/2 | 2.0 | 2.0 | - |
| Bidet | 11/4 | 1.0 | - | - |
| Bidet | 11/2 | 2.0 | - | - |
| Clothes Washer, domestic, standpipe5 | 2 | 3.0 | 3.0 | 3.0 |
| Dental Unit, cuspidor | 11/4 | - | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Dishwasher, domestic, with independent drain2 | 11/2 | 2.0 | 2.0 | 2.0 |
| Drinking Fountain or Water Cooler | 11/4 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 1.0 |
| Food Waste Disposer, commercial | 2 | - | 3.0 | 3.0 |
| Floor Drain, emergency | 2 | - | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| Floor Drain (for additional sizes see Section 702.0) | 2 | 2.0 | 2.0 | 2.0 |
| Shower, single-head trap | 2 | 2.0 | 2.0 | 2.0 |
| Multi-head, each additional | 2 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Lavatory | 11/4 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Lavatories in sets | 11/2 | 2.0 | 2.0 | 2.0 |
| Washfountain | 11/2 | - | 2.0 | 2.0 |
| Washfountain | 2 | - | 3.0 | 3.0 |
| Mobilehome or Manufactured Home, trap9 | 3 | 6.0 | - | - |
| Receptor, indirect waste1,3 | 11/2 | See footnote1,3 | ||
| Receptor, indirect waste1,4 | 2 | See footnote1,4 | ||
| Receptor, indirect waste1 |
3 | See footnote1 | ||
| Sinks | - | - | - | - |
|
Bar
|
11/2 | 1.0 | - | - |
|
Bar2
|
11/2 | - | 2.0 | 2.0 |
Clinical |
3 | - | 6.0 | 6.0 |
Commercial with food waste2 |
11/2 | - | 3.0 | 3.0 |
Exam Room |
11/2 | - | 1.0 | - |
Special Purpose2 |
11/2 | 2.0 | 3.0 | 3.0 |
Special Purpose |
2 | 3.0 | 4.0 | 4.0 |
Special Purpose |
3 | - | 6.0 | 6.0 |
|
Kitchen, domestic2 (with or without food waste disposer, dishwasher, or both)
|
11/2 | 2.0 | 2.0 | - |
|
Laundry2 (with or without discharge from a clothes washer)
|
11/2 | 2.0 | 2.0 | 2.0 |
|
Service or Mop Basin
|
2 | - | 3.0 | 3.0 |
|
Service or Mop Basin
|
3 | - | 3.0 | 3.0 |
|
Service, flushing rim
|
3 | - | 6.0 | 6.0 |
Wash, each set of faucets |
- | - | 2.0 | 2.0 |
| Urinal, Hybrid | 2 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Urinal, integral trap 1.0 GPF2 | 2 | 2.0 | 2.0 | 5.0 |
| Urinal, integral trap greater than 1.0 GPF | 2 | 2.0 | 2.0 | 6.0 |
| Urinal, exposed trap2 | 11/2 | 2.0 | 2.0 | 5.0 |
| Water Closet, 1.6 GPF Gravity Tank6 | 3 | 3.0 | 4.0 | 6.0 |
| Water Closet, 1.6 GPF Flushometer Tank6 | 3 | 3.0 | 4.0 | 6.0 |
| Water Closet, 1.6 GPF Flushometer Valve6 | 3 | 3.0 | 4.0 | 6.0 |
| Water Closet, greater than 1.6 GPF Gravity Tank6 | 3 | 4.0 | 6.0 | 8.0 |
| Water Closet, greater than 1.6 GPF Flushometer Valve6 | 3 | 4.0 | 6.0 | 8.0 |
Notes:
-
1 Indirect waste receptors shall be sized based on the total drainage capacity of the fixtures that drain there into, in accordance with Table 702.2(2).
-
2 Provide a 2 inch (50 mm) minimum drain.
-
3 For refrigerators, coffee urns, water stations, and similar low demands.
- 4 For commercial sinks, dishwashers, and similar moderate or heavy demands.
-
5 Buildings having a clothes-washing area with clothes washers in a battery of three or more clothes washers shall be rated at 6 fixture units each for purposes of sizing common horizontal and vertical drainage piping.
-
6 Water closets shall be computed as 6 fixture units where determining septic tank sizes based on Appendix H of this code.
- 7 Trap sizes shall not be increased to the point where the fixture discharge is capable of being inadequate to maintain their self-scouring properties.
- 8 Assembly [Public Use (see Table 422.1)].
-
9 For drainage fixture unit values related to lots within mobilehome parks in all parts of the State of California, see California Code of Regulations, Title 25, Division 1, Chapter 2, Article 5, Section 1268. For drainage fixture unit values related to lots within special occupancy parks in all parts of the State of California, see California Code of Regulations, Title 25, Division 1, Chapter 2.2, Article 5, Section 2268.
Drainage fixture units for intermittent
flow into the drainage system shall be computed on
the rated discharge capacity in gallons per minute (gpm) (L/s)
in accordance with Table 702.2(2).
For SI Units: 1 inch = 25 mm
* Exception: On self-service laundries.
For SI units: 1 gallon per minute = 0.06 L/s
| SIZE OF TRAP AND TRAP ARM (inches) |
DRAINAGE FIXTURE UNIT VALUES (DFU) |
| 11/4 | 1 unit |
| 11/2 | 3 units |
| 2 | 4 units |
| 3 | 6 units |
| 4 | 8 units |
* Exception: On self-service laundries.
| GPM |
FIXTURE UNITS |
| Up to 71/2 | Equals 1 Fixture Unit |
| Greater than 71/2 to 15 | Equals 2 Fixture Units |
| Greater than 15 to 30 | Equals 4 Fixture Units |
| Greater than 30 to 50 | Equals 6 Fixture Units |
* Discharge capacity exceeding 50 gallons per minute (3.15 L/s) shall be
determined by the Authority Having Jurisdiction.
For a continuous flow into a
drainage system, such as from a pump, sump ejector, air conditioning
equipment, or similar device, 2 fixture units shall
be equal to each gallon per minute (gpm) (L/s) of flow.
The minimum sizes of vertical, horizontal,
or both drainage piping shall be determined from the
total of fixture units connected thereto, and additionally, in the
case of vertical drainage pipes, in accordance with their length.
Table 703.2
shows the maximum number of fixture units allowed on a
vertical or horizontal drainage pipe, building drain, or building
sewer of a given size; the maximum number of fixture
units allowed on a branch interval of a given size; and the
maximum length (in feet and meters) of a vertical drainage
pipe of a given size.
For SI units: 1 inch = 25 mm, 1 foot = 304.8 mm
Notes:
| SIZE OF PIPE (inches) | 11/4 |
11/2 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 8 | 10 | 12 |
| Maximum Units Drainage Piping1 Vertical Horizontal |
1 1 |
22 1 |
163 83 |
484 354 |
256 2165 |
600 4285 |
1380 7205 |
3600 26405 |
5600 46805 |
8400 82005 |
| Maximum Length Drainage Piping Vertical, (feet) Horizontal (unlimited) |
45 |
65 |
85 |
212 |
300 |
390 |
510 |
750 |
- |
- |
| Vent Piping Horizontal and Vertical6 Maximum Units Maximum Lengths, (feet) |
1 45 |
83 60 |
24 120 |
84 212 |
256 300 |
600 390 |
1380 510 |
3600 750 |
- |
- |
Notes:
- 1 Excluding trap arm.
- 2 Except for sinks, urinals, and dishwashers - exceeding 1 fixture unit.
- 3 Except for six-unit traps or water closets.
- 4 Only four water closets or six-unit traps allowed on a vertical pipe or stack, and not to exceed three water closets or six-unit traps on a horizontal branch or drain.
- 5 Based on 1/4 inch per foot (20.8 mm/m) slope. For 1/8 of an inch per foot (10.4 mm/m) slope, multiply horizontal fixture units by a factor of 0.8.
- 6 The diameter of an individual vent shall be not less than 11/4 inches (32 mm) nor less than one-half the diameter of the drain to which it is connected. Fixture unit load values for drainage and vent piping shall be computed from Table 702.1 and Table 702.2(2). Not to exceed one-third of the total permitted length of a vent shall be permitted to be installed in a horizontal position. Where vents are increased one pipe size for their entire length, the maximum length limitations specified in this table do not apply. This table is in accordance with the requirements of Section 901.3.
For alternate method of
sizing drainage piping, see Appendix C.
Drainage piping shall be provided with
approved inlet fittings for fixture connections, correctly
located according to the size and type of fixture proposed to
be connected.
Two fixtures set
back-to-back, or side-by-side, within the distance allowed
between a trap and its vent, shall be permitted to be served by
a single vertical drainage pipe provided that each fixture
wastes separately into an approved double-fixture fitting having
inlet openings at the same level.
Pot sinks, scullery sinks, dishwashing
sinks, silverware sinks, and other similar fixtures
shall be connected directly to the drainage system. A floor
drain shall be provided adjacent to the fixture, and the fixture
shall be connected on the sewer side of the floor drain trap,
provided that no other drainage line is connected between the
floor drain waste connection and the fixture drain. The fixture
and floor drain shall be trapped and vented in accordance
with this code.
Joining methods for ABS plastic pipe and fittings
shall be installed in accordance with the manufacturer's
installation instructions and shall comply with Section
705.1.1 through Section 705.1.3.
Mechanical joints shall
be designed to provide a permanent seal and shall be of
the mechanical or push-on joint. The push-on joint shall
include an elastomeric gasket that complies with ASTM
D3212 and shall provide a compressive force against the
spigot and socket after assembly to provide a permanent
seal.
Solvent cement
joints for ABS pipe and fittings shall be clean from dirt
and moisture. Pipe shall be cut square and shall be
deburred. Where surfaces to be joined are cleaned, and
free of dirt, moisture, oil, and other foreign material, the
solvent cement that complies with ASTM D2235 shall
be applied to all joint surfaces. Joints shall be made while
both the inside socket surface and outside surface of pipe
are wet with solvent cement. Hold joint in place and
undisturbed for 1 minute after assembly. [HCD 1 &
HCD 2] Plastic pipe and fittings joined with solvent
cement shall utilize Low VOC primer(s), if a primer is
required, and Low VOC cement(s) as defined in Section
214.0.
Threads shall comply with
ASME B1.20.1. A minimum of Schedule 80 shall be permitted
to be threaded. Molded threads on adapter fittings
for the transition to threaded joints shall be permitted.
Thread sealant compound shall be applied to male
threads, insoluble in water, and nontoxic. The joint
between the pipe and transition fitting shall be of the solvent
cement type. Caution shall be used during assembly
to prevent over tightening of the ABS components
once the thread sealant compound has been applied.
Joining methods for
cast-iron pipe and fittings shall be installed in accordance
with the manufacturer's installation instructions and shall
comply with Section 705.2.1 or Section 705.2.2.
Caulked joints shall be
firmly packed with oakum or hemp and filled with
molten lead to a depth of not less than 1 inch (25.4 mm)
in one continuous pour. The lead shall be caulked thoroughly
at the inside and outside edges of the joint. After
caulking, the finished joint shall not exceed 1/8 of an inch
(3.2 mm) below the rim of the hub. No paint, varnish, or
other coatings shall be permitted on the joining material
until after the joint has been tested and approved.
Mechanical joints for cast-iron pipe and fittings
shall be of the elastomeric compression type or mechanical
joint couplings. Compression type joints with an
elastomeric gasket for cast-iron hub and spigot pipe shall
comply with ASTM C564 and be tested in accordance
with ASTM C1563. Hub and spigot shall be clean and
free of dirt, mud, sand, and foreign materials. Cut pipe
shall be free from sharp edges. Fold and insert gasket into
the hub. Lubricate the joint following manufacturer's
instructions. Insert spigot into hub until the spigot end of
the pipe bottom out in the hub. Use the same procedure
for the installation of fittings.
A mechanical joint shielded coupling type for hubless cast-iron pipe and fittings shall have a metallic shield that complies with ASTM A1056, ASTM C1277, ASTM C1540, or CISPI 310. The elastomeric gasket shall comply with ASTM C564. Hubless cast-iron pipe and fittings shall be clean and free of dirt, mud, sand, and foreign materials. Cut pipe shall be free from sharp edges. Gasket shall be placed on the end of the pipe or fitting and the stainless steel shield and clamp assembly on the end of the other pipe or fitting. Pipe or fittings shall be seated against the center stop inside the elastomeric sleeve. Slide the stainless steel shield and clamp assembly into a position centered over the gasket and tighten. Bands shall be tightened using an approved calibrated torque wrench specifically set by the manufacturer of the couplings.
A mechanical joint shielded coupling type for hubless cast-iron pipe and fittings shall have a metallic shield that complies with ASTM A1056, ASTM C1277, ASTM C1540, or CISPI 310. The elastomeric gasket shall comply with ASTM C564. Hubless cast-iron pipe and fittings shall be clean and free of dirt, mud, sand, and foreign materials. Cut pipe shall be free from sharp edges. Gasket shall be placed on the end of the pipe or fitting and the stainless steel shield and clamp assembly on the end of the other pipe or fitting. Pipe or fittings shall be seated against the center stop inside the elastomeric sleeve. Slide the stainless steel shield and clamp assembly into a position centered over the gasket and tighten. Bands shall be tightened using an approved calibrated torque wrench specifically set by the manufacturer of the couplings.
Joining methods for copper or copper alloy pipe and
fittings shall be installed in accordance with the manufacturer's
installation instructions and shall comply with Section
705.3.1 through Section 705.3.4.
Brazed joints between copper
or copper alloy pipe and fittings shall be made with brazing
alloys having a liquid temperature above 1000°F
(538°C). The joint surfaces to be brazed shall be cleaned
bright by either manual or mechanical means. Piping
shall be cut square and reamed to full inside diameter.
Brazing flux shall be applied to the joint surfaces where
required by manufacturer's recommendation. Brazing
filler metal shall conform to AWS A5.8 and shall be
applied at the point where the pipe or tubing enters the
socket of the fitting.
Mechanical joints in copper
or copper alloy piping shall be made with a mechanical
coupling with grooved end piping or approved joint
designed for the specific application.
Soldered joints between
copper or copper alloy pipe and fittings shall be made in
accordance with ASTM B828 with the following
sequence of joint preparation and operation as follows:
measuring and cutting, reaming, cleaning, fluxing,
assembly and support, heating, applying the solder, cooling, and cleaning. Pipe shall be cut square and reamed to
the full inside diameter including the removal of burrs
on the outside of the pipe. Surfaces to be joined shall be
cleaned bright by manual or mechanical means. Flux
shall be applied to pipe and fittings and shall conform to
ASTM B813, and shall become noncorrosive and nontoxic
after soldering. Insert pipe into the base of the fitting
and remove excess flux. Pipe and fitting shall be
supported to ensure a uniform capillary space around the
joint. Heat shall be applied using air or fuel torch with
the flame perpendicular to the pipe using acetylene or an
LP gas. Preheating shall depend on the size of the joint.
The flame shall be moved to the fitting cup and alternate
between the pipe and fitting. Solder conforming to
ASTM B32 shall be applied to the joint surfaces until
capillary action draws the molten solder into the cup.
Joint surfaces shall not be disturbed until cool, and any
remaining flux residue shall be cleaned.
Threaded joints for copper
or copper alloy pipe shall be made with pipe threads that
comply with ASME
B1.20.1. Thread sealant tape or
compound shall be applied only to male threads, and
such material shall be approved types, insoluble in water,
and nontoxic.
Joining methods
for galvanized steel pipe and fittings shall be installed in
accordance with the manufacturer's installation instructions
and shall comply with Section 705.4.1 or Section 705.4.2.
Mechanical joints shall
be made with an elastomeric gasket.
Threaded joints shall be
made with pipe threads that comply with ASME B1.20.1.
Thread sealant tape or compound shall be applied only to
male threads, and such material shall be of approved
types, insoluble in water, and nontoxic.
Polyethylene (PE)
sewer pipe or tubing and fitting joining methods shall be
installed in accordance with the manufacturer's installation
instructions and shall comply with Section 705.5.1 through
Section 705.5.1.3.
Heat-fusion joints
between PE sewer pipe or tubing and fittings shall be
assembled in accordance with Section 705.5.1.1 through
Section 705.5.1.3 using butt-fusion, electro-fusion, or
socket-fusion heat methods. Do not disturb the joint until
cooled to ambient temperature.
Butt-fusion joints
for PE pipe shall be installed in accordance with
ASTM F2620 and shall be made by heating the prepared
ends of two pipes, pipe and fitting, or two fittings
by holding ends against a heated element. The
heated element shall be removed when the required
melt or times are obtained and heated ends shall be
placed together with applied force. Do not disturb
the joint until cooled to ambient temperature.
Electro-fusion
joints shall be heated internally by a conductor at the
interface of the joint. Fittings shall comply with ASTM F1055 for the performance requirements of
polyethylene electro-fusion fittings. The specified
electro-fusion cycle used to form the joint requires
consideration of the properties of the materials being
joined, the design of the fitting being used, and the
environmental conditions. Align and restrain fitting
to pipe to prevent movement and apply electric current
to the fitting. Tum off the current when the
required time has elapsed to heat the joint. Do not
disturb the joint until cooled to ambient temperature.
Socket fusion
joints shall be installed in accordance with ASTM
F2620 and shall be made by simultaneously heating
the outside surface of a pipe end and the inside of a
fitting socket. Where the required melt is obtained,
the pipe and fitting shall be joined by inserting one
into the other with applied force. Do not disturb the
joint until cooled to ambient temperature.
Joining methods for PVC plastic pipe
and fittings shall be installed in accordance with the manufacturer's
installation instructions and shall comply with Section
705.6.1 through Section 705.6.3.
Mechanical joints shall
be designed to provide a permanent seal and shall be of
the mechanical or push-on joint type. The push-on joint
shall include an elastomeric gasket that complies with
ASTM D3212 and shall provide a compressive force
against the spigot and socket after assembly to provide a
permanent seal.
Solvent cement
joints for PVC pipe and fittings shall be clean from dirt
and moisture. Pipe shall be cut square, and pipe shall be
deburred. Where surfaces to be joined are cleaned and
free of dirt, moisture, oil, and other foreign material,
apply primer purple in color that complies with ASTM
F656. Primer shall be applied to the surface of the pipe
and fitting is softened. Solvent cement that comply with
ASTM D2564 shall be applied to all joint surfaces. Joints
shall be made while both the inside socket surface and
outside surface of pipe are wet with solvent cement. Hold
joint in place and undisturbed for 1 minute after assembly.
[HCD 1 & HCD 2] Plastic pipe and fittings joined
with solvent cement shall utilize Low VOC primer(s), if a
primer is required, and Low VOC cement(s) as defined in
Section 214.0.
Threads shall comply with
ASME B1.20.1. A minimum of Schedule 80 shall be permitted
to be threaded. Molded threads on adapter fittings
for the transition to threaded joints shall be permitted.
Thread sealant compound that is compatible with the
pipe and fitting, insoluble in water and nontoxic shall be
applied to male threads. The joint between the pipe and
transition fitting shall be of the solvent cement type. Caution
shall be used during assembly to prevent over tightening
of the PVC components once the thread sealant has
been applied. Female PVC threaded fittings shall be used
with plastic male threads only.
Joining methods for stainless steel pipe and fittings shall be installed in accordance with the manufacturer's installation instructions and shall comply with Section 705.7.1 or Section 705.7.2.
Mechanical joints
between stainless steel pipe and fittings shall be of the
compression, grooved coupling, hydraulic press-connect
fittings, or flanged.
Welded joints between stainless
steel pipe and fittings shall be made in accordance
with ASME A112.3.1 and shall be welded autogenously.
Pipe shall be cleaned, free of scale and contaminating
particles. Pipe shall be cut with a combination cutting
and beveling tool that provides a square cut, and free of
burrs. Mineral oil lubricant shall be used during the cutting
and beveling process.
Joining methods
for vitrified clay pipe and fittings shall be installed in accordance
with the manufacturer's installation instructions and shall comply with Section 705.8.1.
Mechanical joints shall
be designed to provide a permanent seal and shall be of
the mechanical or push-on joint type. The push-on joint
shall include an elastomeric gasket that complies with
ASTM C425 and shall provide a compressive force
against the spigot and socket after assembly to provide a
permanent seal.
Special joints shall comply with Section
705.9.1 through Section 705.9.4.
In fixture drains and traps, slip
joints of approved materials shall be permitted to be used
in accordance with their approvals.
Expansion joints shall be
accessible, except where in vent piping or drainage
stacks, and shall be permitted to be used where necessary
to provide for expansion and contraction of the
pipes.
Copper or copper alloy ground joint flared, or
ferrule-type connections that allow adjustment of tubing,
but provide a rigid joint where made up, shall not be considered
as slip joints.
A solvent cement transition
joint between ABS and PVC building drain and building
sewer shall be made using listed transition solvent cement
in accordance with ASTM D3138. [HCD 1 & HCD 2]
Plastic pipe and fittings joined with solvent cement shall
utilize Low VOC primer(s), if a primer is required, and
Low VOC cement(s) as defined in Section 214.0.
Joints
between various materials shall be installed in accordance
with the manufacturer's installation instructions and with Section
705.10.1 through Section 705.10.4. Mechanical couplings used to join different materials shall comply with ASTM C1173 for belowground use, ASTM C1460 for aboveground
use, or ASTM C1461 for aboveground and belowground
use.
Joints from copper or copper alloy pipe or
tubing to cast-iron pipe shall be made with a listed compression-type joint or copper alloy ferrule. The copper or
copper alloy pipe or tubing shall be soldered or brazed to
the ferrule, and the ferrule shall be joined to the cast-iron
hub by a compression or caulked joint.
Joints from copper or copper
alloy pipe or tubing to threaded pipe shall be made by
the use of a listed copper alloy adapter or dielectric fitting.
The joint between the copper or copper alloy pipe
and the fitting shall be a soldered or brazed, and the connection
between the threaded and the fittings shall be
made with a standard pipe size threaded joint.
Where
connecting plastic pipe to other types of plastic or other
types of piping material; approved listed adapter or transition
fittings and listed for the specific transition
intended shall be used.
Where connecting stainless steel pipe to other types of
piping, listed mechanical joints of the compression type
and listed for the specific transition intended shall be
used.
Changes in the direction of
drainage piping shall be made by the appropriate use of
approved fittings and shall be of the angles presented by a
one-sixteenth bend, one-eighth bend, or one-sixth bend, or
other approved fittings of equivalent sweep.
Horizontal drainage lines,
connecting with a vertical stack, shall enter through 45 degree
(0.79 rad) wye branches, 60 degree (1.05 rad) wye branches,
combination wye and one-eighth bend branches, sanitary tee
or sanitary tapped tee branches, or other approved fittings of
equivalent sweep. No fitting having more than one inlet at the
same level shall be used unless such fitting is constructed so
that the discharge from one inlet cannot readily enter any
other inlet. Double sanitary tees shall be permitted to be used
where the barrel of the fitting is not less than two pipe sizes
larger than the largest inlet, (pipe sizes recognized for this
purpose are 2 inches, 21/2 inches, 3 inches, 31/2 inches, 4
inches, 41/2 inches, 5 inches, 6 inches, etc.) (50 mm, 65 mm,
80 mm, 90 mm, 100 mm, 115 mm, 125 mm, 150 mm, etc.).
Horizontal drainage lines
connecting with other horizontal drainage lines shall enter
through 45 degree (0.79 rad) wye branches, combination wye
and one-eighth bend branches, or other approved fittings of
equivalent sweep.
Vertical drainage lines connecting
with horizontal drainage lines shall enter through 45
degree (0.79 rad) wye branches, combination wye and one-eighth
bend branches, or other approved fittings of equivalent
sweep. Branches or offsets of 60 degrees (1.05 rad) shall
be permitted to be used where installed in a true vertical position.
Each cleanout fitting for cast-iron pipe shall consist
of a cast-iron or copper alloy body and an approved plug.
Each cleanout for galvanized wrought iron, galvanized steel,
copper, or copper alloy pipe shall consist of a plug as specified
in Table 707.1, or a standard weight copper alloy cap, or
an approved ABS or PVC plastic plug, or an approved stainless
steel cleanout or plug. Plugs shall have raised square
heads or approved countersunk rectangular slots.
For SI units: 1 inch = 25 mm
| SIZE OF PIPE (inches) |
SIZE OF CLEANOUT (inches) |
THREADS (per inches) |
| 11/2 | 11/2 | 111/2 |
| 2 | 11/2 | 111/2 |
| 21/2 | 21/2 | 8 |
| 3 | 21/2 | 8 |
| 4 & larger | 31/2 | 8 |
Each cleanout fitting and each cleanout
plug or cap shall be of an approved type.
Cleanouts shall be
designed to be watertight and gastight.
Each horizontal drainage pipe shall be provided
with a cleanout at its upper terminal, and each run of
piping, that is more than 100 feet (30 480 mm) in total developed
length, shall be provided with a cleanout for each 100
feet (30 480 mm), or fraction thereof, in length of such piping.
An additional cleanout shall be provided in a drainage
line for each aggregate horizontal change in direction exceeding
135 degrees (2.36 rad). A cleanout shall be installed above
the fixture connection fitting, serving each urinal, regardless
of the location of the urinal in the building.
Exceptions:
- Cleanouts shall be permitted to be omitted on a horizontal drain line less than 5 feet (1524 mm) in length unless such line is serving sinks or urinals.
- Cleanouts shall be permitted to be omitted on a horizontal drainage pipe installed on a slope of 72 degrees (1.26 rad) or less from the vertical angle (one-fifth bend).
- Excepting the building drain, its horizontal branches, and urinals, a cleanout shall not be required on a pipe or piping that is above the floor level of the lowest floor of the building.
- An approved type of two-way cleanout fitting, installed inside the building wall near the connection between the building drain and the building sewer or installed outside of a building at the lower end of a building drain and extended to grade, shall be permitted to be substituted for an upper terminal cleanout.
Each cleanout shall be installed so that it
opens to allow cleaning in the direction of flow of the soil or waste or at right angles thereto and, except in the case of wye
branch and
end-of-line cleanouts, shall be installed vertically
above the flow line of the pipe.
Each cleanout extension shall be considered
as drainage piping and each 90 degree (1.57 rad)
cleanout extension shall be extended from a wye-type fitting
or other approved fitting of equivalent sweep.
Each cleanout for an interceptor shall be
outside of such interceptor.
Each cleanout, unless installed under an
approved cover plate, shall be above grade, readily accessible,
and so located as to serve the purpose for which it is intended.
Cleanouts located under cover plates shall be so installed as
to provide the clearances and accessibility required by this
section.
Each cleanout in piping 2 inches (50 mm)
or less in size shall be so installed that there is a clearance of
not less than 18 inches (457 mm) by 18 inches (457 mm) in
front of the cleanout. Cleanouts in piping exceeding 2 inches
(50 mm) shall have a clearance of not less than 24 inches (610
mm) by 24 inches (610 mm) in front of the cleanout. Cleanouts in under-floor piping shall be extended to or above
the finished floor or shall be extended outside the building
where there is less than 18 inches (457 mm) vertical overall,
allowing for obstructions such as ducts, beams, and piping,
and 30 inches of (762 mm) horizontal clearance from the
means of access to such cleanout. No under-floor cleanout
shall be located exceeding 5 feet (1524 mm) from an access
door, trap door, or crawl hole.
Cleanout fittings shall be not less in size
than those given in Table 707.1.
Cleanouts shall be
provided for pressure drainage systems as classified under
Section 710.7.
Countersunk
cleanout plugs shall be installed where raised heads cause a
hazard.
Where a hubless blind plug
is used for a required cleanout, the complete coupling and
plug shall be accessible for removal or replacement.
Cleanouts for trap arms shall be installed
in accordance with Section 1002.3.
Horizontal drainage piping shall be run in
practical alignment and a uniform slope of not less than 1/4 inch
per foot (20.8 mm/m) or 2 percent toward the point of disposal
provided that, where it is impractical due to the depth of the
street sewer, to the structural features, or to the arrangement of
a building or structure to obtain a slope of 1/4 inch per foot
(20.8 mm/m) or 2 percent, such pipe or piping 4 inches (100
mm) or larger in diameter shall be permitted to have a slope of
not less than 1/8 inch per foot (10.4 mm/m) or 1 percent, where
first approved by the Authority Having Jurisdiction.
Where practicable, plumbing fixtures shall
be drained to the public sewer or private sewage disposal system
by gravity.
Fixtures installed on a floor
level that is lower than the next upstream manhole cover of
the public, or private sewer shall be protected from backflow
of sewage by installing an approved type of backwater valve.
Fixtures on such floor level that are not below the next
upstream manhole cover shall not be required to be protected
by a backwater
valve. Fixtures on floor levels above such elevation
shall not discharge through the backwater valve.
Cleanouts for drains that pass through a backwater valve shall
be clearly identified with a permanent label stating
"backwater valve downstream."
Drainage piping serving fixtures
that are located below the crown level of the main sewer
shall discharge into an approved watertight sump or receiving
tank, so located as to receive the sewage or wastes by gravity.
From such sump or receiving tank, the sewage or other
liquid wastes shall be lifted and discharged into the building
drain or building sewer by approved ejectors, pumps, or other
equally efficient approved mechanical devices.
A sewage ejector or
sewage pump receiving the discharge of water closets or urinals:
- Shall have a discharge capacity of not less than 20 gpm (1.26 L/s).
- In single dwelling units, the ejector or pump shall be capable of passing an 11/2 inch (38 mm) diameter solid ball, and the discharge piping of each ejector or pump shall have a backwater valve and gate valve, and be not less than 2 inches (50 mm) in diameter.
- In other than single-dwelling units, the ejector or pump shall be capable of passing a 2 inch (51 mm) diameter solid ball, and the discharge piping of each ejector or pump shall have a backwater valve and gate valve, and be not less than 3 inches (80 mm) in diameter.
The discharge line from such ejector,
pump, or another mechanical device shall be of approved
pressure rated material and be provided with an accessible
backwater or swing check valve and gate or ball valve. Where
the gravity drainage line to which such discharge line connects
is horizontal, the method of connection shall be from
the top through a wye branch fitting. The gate or ball valve
shall be located on the discharge side of the backwater or
check valve.
Gate or ball valves, where installed in drainage piping, shall be fullway type with working parts of corrosion-resistant metal. Sizes 4 inches (100 mm) or more in diameter shall have cast-iron bodies and sizes less than 4 inches (100 mm), cast-iron or copper alloy bodies.
Gate or ball valves, where installed in drainage piping, shall be fullway type with working parts of corrosion-resistant metal. Sizes 4 inches (100 mm) or more in diameter shall have cast-iron bodies and sizes less than 4 inches (100 mm), cast-iron or copper alloy bodies.
Building
drains or building sewers receiving a discharge from a pump
or ejector shall be adequately sized to prevent overloading.
Two fixture units shall be allowed for each gallon per minute
(L/s) of flow.
Backwater valves, gate valves,
fullway ball valves, unions, motors, compressors, air tanks, and
other mechanical devices required by this section shall be
located where they will be accessible for inspection and repair
and, unless continuously exposed, shall be enclosed in a
masonry pit fitted with an adequately sized removable cover.
Backwater valves shall comply with ASME A112.14.1, and have bodies of cast-iron, plastic, copper alloy, or other approved materials; shall have noncorrosive bearings, seats, and self-aligning discs; and shall be constructed to ensure a positive mechanical seal. Such backwater valves shall remain open during periods of low flows to avoid screening of solids and shall not restrict capacities or cause excessive turbulence during peak loads. Unless otherwise listed, valve access covers shall be bolted type with gasket, and each valve shall bear the manufacturer's name cast into the body and the cover.
Backwater valves shall comply with ASME A112.14.1, and have bodies of cast-iron, plastic, copper alloy, or other approved materials; shall have noncorrosive bearings, seats, and self-aligning discs; and shall be constructed to ensure a positive mechanical seal. Such backwater valves shall remain open during periods of low flows to avoid screening of solids and shall not restrict capacities or cause excessive turbulence during peak loads. Unless otherwise listed, valve access covers shall be bolted type with gasket, and each valve shall bear the manufacturer's name cast into the body and the cover.
The drainage and
venting systems, in connection with fixtures, sumps, receiving
tanks, and mechanical waste-lifting devices shall be
installed under the same requirements as provided for in this
code for gravity systems.
Sumps
and receiving tanks shall be watertight and shall be constructed
of concrete, metal, or other approved materials.
Where constructed of poured concrete, the walls and bottom
shall be adequately reinforced and designed to recognized
acceptable standards. Metal sumps or tanks shall be of such
thickness as to serve their intended purpose and shall be
treated internally and externally to resist corrosion.
Such sumps and receiving tanks shall be automatically
discharged and, wherein a "public use" occupancy,
shall be provided with dual pumps or ejectors arranged to
function alternately in normal use and independently in case
of overload or mechanical failure. The pumps shall have an
audio and visual alarm, readily accessible, that signals pump
failure or an overload condition. The lowest inlet shall have
a clearance of not less than 2 inches (51 mm) from the high-water
or "starting" level of the sump.
Sumps and receiving tanks shall be provided with substantial
covers having a bolt-and-gasket-type manhole or equivalent
opening to permit access for inspection, repairs, and cleaning.
The top shall be provided with a vent pipe that shall
extend separately through the roof or, where permitted, be
combined with other vent pipes. Such vent shall be large
enough to maintain atmospheric pressure within the sump
under normal operating conditions and, in no case, shall be
less in size than that required by Table 703.2 for the number
and type of fixtures discharging into the sump, nor less than
11/2 inches (40 mm) in diameter. Where the preceding requirements
are met and the vent, after leaving the sump, is combined with vents from fixtures discharging into the sump, the
size of the combined vent need not exceed that required for
the total number of fixtures discharging into the sump. No
vent from an
air-operating sewage ejector shall combine with
other vents.
Air tanks shall be so proportioned as to be
of equal cubical capacity to the ejectors connected in addition
to that in which there shall be maintained an air pressure
of not less than 2 pounds per foot (lb/ft) (3 kg/m) of height the
sewage is to be raised. No
water-operated ejectors shall be
permitted.
Grinder pumps shall be
permitted to be used.
The discharge piping
shall be sized in accordance with the manufacturer's
installation instructions and shall be not less than 11/4
inches (32 mm) in diameter. A check valve and fullway-type
shutoff valve shall be located on the discharge line.
Fixtures shall be permitted to discharge to
a macerating toilet system, or pumped waste system shall be
permitted as an alternate to a sewage pump system where
approved by the Authority Having Jurisdiction. Such systems
shall comply with ASME A112.3.4/CSA B45.9 and shall be
installed in accordance with the manufacturer's installation
instructions.
The sump shall be watertight and
gastight.
The discharge piping
shall be sized in accordance with manufacturer's instructions
and shall be not less than 3/4 of an inch (20 mm) in
diameter. The developed length of the discharge piping
shall not exceed the manufacturer's instructions. A check
valve and
fullway-type shutoff valve shall be located
within the discharge line or internally within the device.
The plumbing fixtures that discharge
into the macerating device shall be vented in accordance
with this code. The sump shall be vented in accordance
with the manufacturer's instructions, and such vent shall
be permitted to connect to the fixture venting.
Drainage connections shall not be made into
a drainage piping system within 8 feet (2438 mm) of a vertical
to horizontal change of direction of a stack containing
suds-producing fixtures. Bathtubs, laundries, washing
machine standpipes, kitchen sinks, and dishwashers shall be
considered
suds-producing fixtures. Where parallel vent
stacks are required, they shall connect to the drainage stack at
a point 8 feet (2438 mm) above the lowest point of the
drainage stack.
Exceptions:
- Single-family residences.
- Stacks receiving the discharge from less than three stories of plumbing fixtures.
The piping of the plumbing, drainage, and venting
systems shall be tested with water or air except that plastic
pipe shall not be tested with air. The Authority Having Jurisdiction
shall be permitted to require the removal of cleanouts,
etc., to ascertain whether the pressure has reached all parts of
the system. After the plumbing fixtures have been set and their
traps filled with water, they shall be submitted to a final test.
The water test shall be applied to the
drainage and vent systems either in its entirety or in sections.
Where the test is applied to the entire system, openings in the
piping shall be tightly closed, except the highest opening, and
the system filled with water to the point of overflow. Where
the system is tested in sections, each opening shall be tightly
plugged, except the highest opening of the section under test,
and each section shall be filled with water, but no section shall
be tested with less than a 10 foot head of water (30 kPa). In
testing successive sections, not less than the upper 10 feet
(3048 mm) of the next preceding section shall be tested, so
that no joint or pipe in the building
(except the uppermost 10
feet (3048 mm) of the system) shall have been submitted to a
test of less than a 10 foot head of water (30 kPa). The water
shall be kept in the system, or in the portion under test, for not
less than 15 minutes before inspection starts. The system shall
then be tight at all points.
The air test shall be made by attaching an
air compressor testing apparatus to a suitable opening and,
after closing all other inlets and outlets to the system, forcing
air into the system until there is a uniform gauge pressure of
5 pounds-force per square inch (psi) (34 kPa) or sufficient to
balance a column of mercury 10 inches (34 kPa) in height.
The pressure shall be held without the introduction of additional
air for a period of not less than 15 minutes.
A building in which plumbing fixtures
are installed and premises having drainage piping
thereon shall have a connection to a public or private sewer,
except as provided in Section 713.2, and Section 713.4.
Where no public
sewer intended to serve a lot or premises is available in a
thoroughfare or right of way abutting such lot or premises,
drainage piping from a building or works shall be connected
to an approved private sewage disposal system.
Within the limits prescribed by Section
713.4 hereof, the rearrangement or subdivision into
smaller parcels of a lot that abuts and is served by a public
sewer shall not be deemed cause to permit the construction of
a private sewage disposal system, and plumbing or drainage
systems on a smaller parcel or parcels shall connect to the
public sewer.
The public sewer shall be
permitted to be considered as not being available where such
public sewer or a building or an exterior drainage facility connected
thereto is located more than 200 feet (60 960 mm) from a proposed building or exterior drainage facility on a lot or
premises that abut and is served by such public sewer.
[HCD 1] For residential occupancies, the public sewer may be considered as not being available by the Authority Having Jurisdiction.
[HCD 1] For residential occupancies, the public sewer may be considered as not being available by the Authority Having Jurisdiction.
No permit shall be issued for the installation,
alteration, or repair of a private sewage disposal system, or
part thereof, on a lot for which a connection with a public
sewer is available.
On every lot or premises hereafter connected to
a public sewer, plumbing, and drainage systems or parts
thereof on such lot or premises shall be connected with such
public sewer.
In cities, counties, or both where the
installation of building sewers is under the jurisdiction of a
department other than the Authority Having Jurisdiction, the
provisions of this code relating to building sewers need not
apply.
Exception: Single-family dwellings and buildings or structures
accessory thereto, existing and connected to an approved private
sewage disposal system prior to the time of connecting the
premises to the public sewer shall be permitted, where no hazard,
nuisance, or insanitary condition is evidenced, and written
permission has been obtained from the Authority Having Jurisdiction,
remain connected to such properly maintained private
sewage disposal system where there is insufficient grade or fall
to permit drainage to the sewer by gravity.
It shall be unlawful for a person
to deposit, by means whatsoever, into a plumbing fixture,
floor drain, interceptor, sump, receptor, or device which is
connected to a drainage system, public sewer, private sewer,
septic tank, or cesspool, ashes; cinders; solids; rags; flammable,
poisonous, or explosive liquids or gases; oils; grease; and
whatsoever that is capable of causing damage to the public
sewer, private sewer, or private sewage disposal system.
No rain, surface, or
subsurface water shall be connected to or discharged into a
drainage system unless first approved by the Authority Having
Jurisdiction.
No cesspool, septic
tank, seepage pit, or drain field shall be connected to a public
sewer or to a building sewer leading to such public sewer.
The Authority
Having Jurisdiction shall review before approval, the
installation of a commercial food waste disposer connecting
to a private sewage disposal system.
An approved type, watertight sewage or wastewater
holding tank, the contents of which, due to their character,
shall be periodically removed and disposed of at some
approved off-site location, shall be installed where required
by the Authority Having Jurisdiction or the Health Officer to
prevent anticipated surface or subsurface contamination or
pollution, damage to the public sewer, or other hazardous or
nuisance conditions.
The building sewer, beginning 2 feet (610
mm) from a building or structure, shall be of such materials
as prescribed in this code.
Joining methods
and materials shall be as prescribed in this code.
Replacement of existing building
sewer and building storm sewers using trenchless methodology
and materials shall be installed in accordance with ASTM
F1216. Cast-iron soil pipes and fittings shall not be repaired
or replaced by using this method aboveground or belowground.
Replacement using cured-in-place pipe liners shall
not be used on collapsed piping or when the existing piping
is compromised.
Pipe, brick, block, prefabricated septic tanks,
prefabricated septic tank or seepage pit covers, or other parts or
appurtenances incidental to the installation of building sewers
or private sewage disposal systems shall be in accordance with
the approval requirements of Chapter 3 of this code.
The minimum size of a building sewer shall
be determined on the basis of the total number of fixture units
drained by such sewer, in accordance with Table 717.1. No
building sewer shall be smaller than the building drain.
For alternate methods of sizing building sewers, see Appendix C.
For SI units: 1 inch = 25 mm, 1 inch per foot = 83.3 mm/m
For alternate methods of sizing building sewers, see Appendix C.
| SIZE OF PIPE (inches) |
SLOPE, (inches per foot) |
||
| 1/16 | 1/8 | 1/4 | |
| 6 and smaller | (As specified in Table 703.2/ No minimum loading) |
||
| 8 | 1950/1500 | 2800/625 | 3900/275 |
| 10 | 3400/1600 | 4900/675 | 6800/300 |
| 12 | 5600/1700 | 8000/725 | 11200/325 |
* See also Appendix H, Private Sewage Disposal Systems. For alternate
methods of sizing drainage piping, see Appendix C.
The
sewer system shall have the capacity to remove all waste from
the various processing and cleaning operations and to minimize
or prevent stoppage and surcharging at the system.
Building sewers shall be run in practical alignment
and at a uniform slope of not less than 1/4 inch per foot
(20.8 mm/m) toward the point of disposal.
Exception: Where approved by the Authority Having Jurisdiction
and where it is impractical, due to the depth of the street sewer or to the structural features or the arrangement of
a building or structure, to obtain a slope of 1/4 inch per foot
(20.8 mm/m), such pipe or piping 4 inches (100 mm) through
6 inches (150 mm) shall be permitted to have a slope of not
less than 1/8 inch per foot (10.4 mm/m) and such piping 8
inches (200 mm) and larger shall be permitted to have a slope
of not less than 1/6 inch per foot (5.2 mm/m).
Building sewer piping shall be laid on a firm
bed throughout its entire length, and such piping laid in made
or filled-in ground shall be laid on a bed of approved materials
and shall be properly supported as required by the Authority
Having Jurisdiction.
No building sewer or
other drainage piping or part thereof, which is constructed of
materials other than those approved for use under or within a
building, shall be installed under or within 2 feet (610 mm) of
a building or structure, or part thereof, nor less than 1 foot
(305 mm) below the surface of the ground. The provisions of
this subsection include structures such as porches and steps,
whether covered or uncovered; breezeways; roofed porte
cochere; roofed patios; carports; covered walks; covered
driveways; and similar structures or appurtenances.
Cleanouts shall be placed inside the building
near the connection between the building drain and the
building sewer or installed outside the building at the lower
end of the building drain and extended to grade.
Additional building sewer cleanouts shall be installed at intervals not to exceed 100 feet (30480 mm) in straight runs and for each aggregate horizontal change in direction exceeding 135 degrees (2.36 rad).
Additional building sewer cleanouts shall be installed at intervals not to exceed 100 feet (30480 mm) in straight runs and for each aggregate horizontal change in direction exceeding 135 degrees (2.36 rad).
Where a building sewer
or a branch thereof does not exceed 10 feet (3048 mm) in
length and is a straight-line projection from a building drain
that is provided with a cleanout, no cleanout will be required
at its point of connection to the building drain.
Required building
sewer cleanouts shall be extended to grade and shall be in
accordance with the appropriate sections of cleanouts, Section
707.0, for sizing, construction, and materials. Where
building sewers are located under buildings, the cleanout
requirements of Section 707.0 shall apply.
Each cleanout shall be installed so that it
opens to allow cleaning in the direction of flow of the soil or
waste or at right angles thereto and, except in the case of wye
branch and end-of-line cleanouts, shall be installed vertically
above the flow line of the pipe.
Cleanouts installed under concrete or asphalt
paving shall be made accessible by yard boxes or by extending
flush with paving with approved materials and shall be
adequately protected.
Approved manholes shall be permitted to
be installed in lieu of cleanouts, where first approved by the
Authority Having Jurisdiction. The maximum distance
between manholes shall not exceed 300 feet (91440 mm).
The inlet and outlet connections shall be made by the use of a flexible compression joint not less than 12 inches (305 mm) and not exceeding 3 feet (914 mm) from the manhole. No flexible compression joints shall be embedded in the manhole base.
The inlet and outlet connections shall be made by the use of a flexible compression joint not less than 12 inches (305 mm) and not exceeding 3 feet (914 mm) from the manhole. No flexible compression joints shall be embedded in the manhole base.
Building sewers or drainage piping of clay
or materials that are not approved for use within a building
shall not be run or laid in the same trench as the water pipes
unless the following requirements are met:
- The bottom of the water pipe, at points, shall be not less than 12 inches (305 mm) above the top of the sewer or drain line.
- The water pipe shall be placed on a solid shelf excavated at one side of the common trench with a clear horizontal distance of not less than 12 inches (305 mm) from the sewer or drain line.
- Water pipes crossing sewer or drainage piping constructed of clay or materials that are not approved for use within a building shall be laid not less than 12 inches (305 mm) above the sewer or drain pipe.
Except as provided in Section
721.2, no building sewer shall be located in a lot other than
the lot that is the site of the building or structure served by
such sewer nor shall a building sewer be located at a point
having less than the minimum distances referenced in Table
721.1.
For SI units: 1 foot = 304.8 mm
Notes:
| Buildings or structures1 | 2 |
| Property line adjoining private property | Clear2 |
| Water supply wells | 503 |
| Streams | 50 |
| On-site domestic water service line | 14 |
| Public water main | 105, 6 |
Notes:
-
1 Including porches and steps, whether covered or uncovered; breezeways; roofed porte-cochere; roofed patios; carports; covered walks; covered driveways; and similar structures or appurtenances.
- 2 See also Section 312.3.
-
3 Drainage piping shall clear domestic water supply wells by not less than 50 feet (15240 mm). This distance shall be permitted to be reduced to not less than 25 feet (7620 mm) where the drainage piping is constructed of materials approved for use within a building.
- 4 See Section 720.0.
- 5 For parallel construction.
-
6 For crossings, approval by the Health Department or the Authority Having Jurisdiction shall be required.
Nothing contained in this code shall be
construed to prohibit the use of all or part of an abutting lot
to:
- Provide access to connect a building sewer to an available public sewer where proper cause and legal easement, not in violation of other requirements, has been first established to the satisfaction of the Authority Having Jurisdiction.
- Provide additional space for a building sewer where the proper cause, transfer of ownership, or change of boundary, not in violation of other requirements, has been first established to the satisfaction of the Authority Having Jurisdiction. The instrument recording such action shall constitute an agreement with the Authority Having Jurisdiction and shall clearly state and show that the areas so joined or used shall be maintained as a unit during the time they are so used. Such an agreement shall be recorded in the office of the County Recorder as part of the conditions of ownership of said properties, and shall be binding on heirs, successors, and assigns to such properties. A copy of the instrument recording such proceedings shall be filed with the Authority Having Jurisdiction.
An abandoned building
(house) sewer, or part thereof, shall be plugged or capped in
an approved manner within 5 feet (1524 mm) of the property
line.
A cesspool, septic tank, and seepage pit that has been abandoned
or has been discontinued otherwise from further use, or to
which no waste or soil pipe from a plumbing fixture is connected,
shall have the sewage removed therefrom and be completely
filled with earth, sand, gravel, concrete, or other
approved material.
The top cover or arch over the cesspool, septic
tank, or seepage pit shall be removed before filling, and the
filling shall not extend above the top of the vertical portions
of the sidewalls or above the level of the outlet pipe until
inspection has been called and the cesspool, septic tank, or
seepage pit has been inspected. After such inspection, the
cesspool, septic tank, or seepage pit shall be filled to the level
of the top of the ground.
No person owning or controlling a
cesspool, septic tank, or seepage pit on the premises of such
person or in that portion of a public street, alley, or other public
property abutting such premises, shall fail, refuse, or neglect
to comply with the provisions of this section or upon
receipt of notice so to comply from the Authority Having
Jurisdiction.
Where disposal facilities are
abandoned consequent to connecting premises with the public
sewer, the permittee making the connection shall fill abandoned
facilities in accordance with the Authority Having
Jurisdiction within 30 days from the time of connecting to the
public sewer.
Building sewers shall be tested by plugging
the end of the building sewer at its points of connection to the
public sewer or private sewage disposal system and completely
filling the building sewer with water from the lowest
to the highest point thereof, or by approved equivalent low-pressure
air test. Plastic DWV piping systems shall not be
tested by the air test method. The building sewer shall be
watertight.
The drainage and plumbing systems must permit the
quick runoff of all water from plant buildings, and of surface
water around the plant buildings, and of surface water around
the plant and on the premises; and all such water shall be disposed
of in such a manner as to prevent a nuisance or health
hazard.
Toilet soil lines shall be separated from house drainage
lines to a point outside the building unless an automatic backwater
check valve is installed to prevent backflow. Drainage
from toilet bowls and urinals shall not be discharged into a
grease catch basin, nor shall such drainage be permitted to
enter the sewer lines at a point where there might be a possibility
of such drainage backing up and flooding the floor of
the building.
Drainage and plumbing systems shall meet the
requirements of Section 724.1.
The outer premises of every official establishment,
including docks, areas where cars and other vehicles are
loaded, driveways, approaches, yards, pens and alleys, shall
be drained.
Toilet soil lines shall be separated from house drainage
lines to a point outside the building, and drainage from toilet
bowls and urinals shall not be discharged into a grease catch
basin.
For new acute care hospital buildings submitted after
the effective date of this code, the hospital shall have an on-site
holding tank[s] to store sewage and liquid waste sufficient
to operate essential hospital utilities and equipment in the acute
care hospital building, to support 72 hours of continuing operation
in the event of an emergency. Any general acute care hospital
in operation after January 1, 2030 shall have an on-site
holding tank[s] to store sewage and liquid waste sufficient to
operate essential hospital utilities and equipment in the acute
care hospital buildings on the campus with an SPC-3, SPC-4,
or SPC-5 rating, to support 72 hours of continuing operation
in the event of an emergency. The emergency waste holding
capacity shall be based on the Water Conservation/Water
Rationing Plan required in Section 615.4.1. See also California
Building Code, Part 2, Section 1616A.1.42.
Exception: Hook-ups that allow for the use of transportable
means of sewage and liquid waste disposal may be provided
instead of on-site storage if the hospital has a plan for storage
of sewage and liquid waste. This plan may include the
use of leak-proof bags if adequate storage of these and other
bags of waste are provided. These storage facilities shall comply
with the appropriate local health and environmental
authorities' requirements, California Department of Public
Health requirements for medical waste management, and
comply with the following minimum requirements:
- Location[s]. Location[s] shall be provided for waste collection and storage with sufficient space based upon the volume of projected waste and length of anticipated storage.
-
Enclosure[s]. Lockable room[s] or lockable screened
enclosure[s] of adequate capacity to store the quantity
of waste anticipated shall be provided for the washing
and cleaning of containers and for the storage of sewage
and waste water.
The room[s] or screened enclosure[s] shall include the following:- Floor and curb. A sealed concrete floor or other approved impervious flooring with a curb and with a drain connected to the sewer.
- Water. Steam or hot water and cold water supplies in accordance with the California Plumbing Code.
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