Intent
The provisions of this chapter are intended to:
The provisions of this chapter are intended to:
- Conserve water by facilitating greater reuse of laundry, shower, lavatory and similar sources of discharge for irrigation and/or indoor use.
- Reduce the number of non-compliant gray water systems by making legal compliance easily achievable.
- Provide guidance for avoiding potentially unhealthful conditions.
- Provide an alternative way to relieve stress on a private sewage disposal system by diverting the graywater.
[HCD 1] Except as otherwise provided for in this chapter, the provisions of this code shall be applicable to alternate water source system installation. [BSC & HCD 1] The provisions of this chapter shall
apply to the construction, alteration, discharge, use and
repair of alternate water source systems for nonpotable applications.
Where approved or required by the Authority Having
Jurisdiction, alternate water sources [reclaimed (recycled)
water, gray water, and on-site treated nonpotable
gray water] shall be permitted to be used in lieu of potable
water for the applications identified in this chapter.
Alternate water source systems shall be designed in accordance with this chapter by a registered design professional or who demonstrates competency to design the alternate water source system as required by the Authority Having Jurisdiction.
It shall be unlawful for a person to
construct, install, alter, or cause to be constructed, installed,
or altered an alternate water source system in a building or
on a premise without first obtaining a permit to do such
work. Prior to commencing the issuance of permits for
indoor gray water systems pursuant to state requirements
relating to gray water, a city, county, city and county or
other local agency shall seek consultation with the local
public health department to ensure that local public health
concerns are addressed in local standards or ordinances,
or in issuing permits. See California Water Code Section
14877.3.
Exception: [HCD 1] A construction permit shall not be required for a clothes washer system meeting the requirements of Section 1502.1.1.
Exception: [HCD 1] A construction permit shall not be required for a clothes washer system meeting the requirements of Section 1502.1.1.
System components shall be properly identified as to the manufacturer.
Alternate water source systems and components shall be inspected and
maintained in accordance with the manufacturer's recommendations
and/or as required by the Enforcing Agency.
[BSC] Where no manufacturers recommendations exist, additional recommendations are listed in Table 1501.5.
* The cross-connection test shall be performed in the presence of the Authority Having Jurisdiction in accordance with the requirements of this chapter, unless site conditions do not require it. Alternate testing requirements shall be permitted by the Authority Having Jurisdiction.
[BSC] Where no manufacturers recommendations exist, additional recommendations are listed in Table 1501.5.
| DESCRIPTION | MINIMUM FREQUENCY |
|---|---|
| Inspect and clean filters and screens, and replace (where necessary). |
In accordance with manufacturer's instructions, and/or the Authority Having Jurisdiction, or every 3 months |
| Inspect and verify that disinfection, filters and water quality treatment devices and systems are operational and maintaining minimum water quality requirements as determined by the Authority Having Jurisdiction. |
In accordance with manufacturer's instructions, and the Authority Having Jurisdiction. |
| Inspect pumps and verify operation. | In accordance with manufacturer's instructions, and/or the Authority Having Jurisdiction, or after installation and every 12 months thereafter. |
| Inspect valves and verify operation. | In accordance with manufacturer's instructions, and/or Authority Having Jurisdiction, or after installation and every 12 months thereafter. |
| Inspect pressure tanks and verify operation. | In accordance with manufacturer's instructions, and/or the Authority Having Jurisdiction, or after installation and every 12 months thereafter. |
| Clear debris from and inspect storage tanks, locking devices, and verify operation. | In accordance with manufacturer's instructions, and/or the Authority Having Jurisdiction, or after installation and every 12 months thereafter. |
| Inspect caution labels and marking. | In accordance with manufacturer's instructions, and/or the Authority Having Jurisdiction, or after installation and every 12 months thereafter. |
| Inspect and maintain mulch basins for gray water irrigation systems. | As needed to maintain mulch depth and prevent ponding and runoff. |
| Cross connection inspection and test* | In accordance with this chapter, and/or the Authority Having Jurisdiction, or after installation and every 12 months thereafter |
The required maintenance and inspection of alternate water
source systems shall be the responsibility of the property
owner, unless otherwise required by the Authority
Having Jurisdiction.
An operation and maintenance manual for gray water and on-site treated water systems required to have a permit in accordance with Section 1501.3 shall be supplied to the building owner by the system designer or installer. The operating and maintenance manual shall include the following:
- Diagram(s) of the entire system and the location of system components
- Instructions on operating and maintaining the system.
- Instructions on maintaining the required water quality for on-site treated nonpotable water systems.
- Details on startup, shutdown, and deactivating the system for maintenance, repair, or other purposes.
- Applicable testing, inspection, and maintenance frequencies in accordance with Section 1501.5.
- A method of contacting the installer and/or manufacturer(s).
- Directions to the owner or occupant that the manual shall remain with the building throughout the life cycle of the structure.
The minimum water quality for alternate water source systems
shall meet the applicable water quality requirements for the
intended application as determined by the Authority Having Jurisdiction. In the absence of water quality requirements for on-site nonpotable treated gray water systems, the requirements of NSF 350 shall apply.
Exception: Water treatment is not required for gray water used in a disposal field or for subsurface or subsoil irrigation.
Exception: Water treatment is not required for gray water used in a disposal field or for subsurface or subsoil irrigation.
Alternate water source systems shall be constructed of materials that are compatible with the type of pipe and fitting materials, water treatment,
and water conditions in the system.
Controls for pumps, valves, and other devices that contain mercury that come in contact with alternate water source water supply shall not be permitted.
A sign shall be installed in
restrooms in commercial, industrial, institutional occupancies,
and shall also be installed in residential common use
area restrooms using reclaimed (recycled) water and onsite
treated nonpotable gray water for water closets, urinals,
or both. Each sign shall contain the following text:
TO CONSERVE WATER, THIS BUILDING USES *____________* ON-SITE TREATED NONPOTABLE GRAY WATER TO FLUSH TOILETS AND URINALS
TO CONSERVE WATER, THIS BUILDING USES *____________* ON-SITE TREATED NONPOTABLE GRAY WATER TO FLUSH TOILETS AND URINALS
Each room containing reclaimed (recycled) water and on-site
treated gray water equipment shall have a sign posted
in a location that is visible to anyone working on or
near nonpotable gray water equipment with the
following wording in 1 inch (25.4 mm) letters:
CAUTION: NON POTABLE *____________*, DO NOT DRINK. DO NOT CONNECT TO DRINKING WATER SYSTEM. NOTICE: CONTACT BUILDING MANAGEMENT BEFORE PERFORMING ANY WORK ON THIS WATER SYSTEM.
*____________* Shall indicate RECLAIMED (RECYCLED) WATER or ON-SITE TREATED GRAYWATER, accordingly.
CAUTION: NON POTABLE *____________*, DO NOT DRINK. DO NOT CONNECT TO DRINKING WATER SYSTEM. NOTICE: CONTACT BUILDING MANAGEMENT BEFORE PERFORMING ANY WORK ON THIS WATER SYSTEM.
*____________* Shall indicate RECLAIMED (RECYCLED) WATER or ON-SITE TREATED GRAYWATER, accordingly.
Alternate water source systems shall be inspected and tested in accordance with Section 1501.11.1 and Section 1501.11.2 and/or as
required by the Authority Having Jurisdiction
Alternate
water source systems shall be inspected and tested
in accordance with this code for testing of potable
water piping.
An initial inspection and test shall be performed on both the potable and alternate water source systems.
The potable and alternate water source system shall be
isolated from each other and independently inspected
and tested to ensure there is no cross-connection in
accordance with Section 1501.11.2.1 through Section
1501.11.2.4.
Prior to commencing the cross-connection testing, a dual system inspection shall be conducted by the Authority Having Jurisdiction and other authorities having jurisdiction as follows:
- Meter locations of the alternate water source and potable water lines shall be checked to verify that no modifications were made, and that no cross-connections are visible.
- Pumps and equipment, equipment room signs, and exposed piping in equipment room shall be checked
- Valves shall be checked to ensurc that the valve lock seals arc still in place and intact. Valve control door signs shall be checked to verify that no signs have been removed.
The procedure for determining cross-connection shall be followed by the applicant in the presence of the Authority Having Jurisdiction and other authorities having jurisdiction to determine whether a cross-connection has occurred as follows:
- The potable water system shall be activated and pressurized. The alternate water source system shall be shut down, depressurized, and drained.
- The potable water system shall remain pressurized for a minimum period of time specified by the Authority Having Jurisdiction while the alternate water source system is empty. The minimum period the alternate water source system is to remain depressurized shall be determined on a case-by-case basis, taking into account the size and complexity of the potable and the alternate water source distribution systems, but in no case shall that period be less than 1 hour
- The drain on the alternate water source system shall be checked for flow during the test and fixtures, potable and alternate water source, shall be tested and inspected for flow. Flow from an alternate water source system outlet indicates a cross-connection. No flow from a potable water outlet shall indicate that it is connected to the alternate water source system.
- The potable water system shall then be depressurized and drained.
- The alternate water source system shall then be activated and pressurized
- The alternate water source system shall remain pressurized for a minimum period of time specified by the Authority Having Jurisdiction while the potable water system is empty. The minimum period the potable water systcm is to remain depressurized shall be determined on a case-by-case basis, but in no case shall that period be less than 1 hour.
- Fixtures, potable and alternate water source, shall be tested and inspected for flow. Flow from a potable water system outlet indicates a cross-connection. No flow from an alternate water source outlet will indicate that it is connected to the potable water system
- The drain on the potable water system shall be checked for flow during the test and at the end of the test.
- Where there is no flow detected in the fixtures which would indicate a cross-connection, the potable water system shall be repressurized.
In the event that a cross-connection is discovered, the following procedure, in the presence of the Authority Having Jurisdiction, shall be activated immediately:
- The alternate water source piping to the building shall be shut down at the meter. and the alternate water source riser shall be drained.
- Potable water piping to the building shall be shut down at the meter
- The cross-connection shall be uncovered and disconnected.
- The building shall be retested in accordance with Section 1501.11.2.1 and Section 1501.11.2.2.
- The potable water system shall be chlorinated with 50 parts-per-million (ppm) chlorine for 24 hours.
- The potable water system shall be flushed after 24 hours, and a standard bacteriological test shall be performed. Where test results are acceptable, the potable water system shall be permitted to be recharged.
An annual inspection of the alternate gray water source system, following the procedures listed in Section 1501.11.2.1 shall be required. Annual cross-connection testing, following the procedures listed in Section 1501.11.2.2 shall be required by the Authority Having Jurisdiction, unless site conditions do not require it. In no event shall the test occur less than once in 4 years. Alternate testing requirements shall be permitted by the Authority Having Jurisdiction.
Underground alternate water source service piping other than gray water shall be
separated from the building sewer in accordance with this code. Treated non potable water pipes shall be permitted to be run or laid in the same trench as potable water pipes with a 12 inch (305 mm) minimum vertical and horizontal separation where both pipe materials are approved for use within a building. Where horizontal piping materials do not comply with this requirement the minimum separation shall be increased to 60 inches (1524 mm). The potable water piping shall be installed at an elevation above the treated nonpotable water piping.
Alternate water source systems that are no longer in use or fail to be maintained in accordance with Section 1501.5 shall be abandoned. Abandonment
shall comply with Section 1501.13.1 and Section 1501.13.2.
An abandoned system or part thereof covered under the scope of this chapter shall be disconnected from remaining systems, drained,
plugged, and capped in an approved manner.
An underground water
storage tank that has been abandonment or otherwise
discontinued from use in a system covered under the
scope or this chapter shall be completely drained and
filled with earth, sand, gravel, concrete, or other
approved material or removed in a manner satisfactory
to the Authority Having Jurisdiction.
Unless otherwise provided for in this chapter, alternate water source piping shall be sized in accordance with Chapter 6 for sizing potable water piping.
[BSC-CG] Gray water systems shall be verified in accordance with the California
Green Building Standards Code (CALGreen), Chapter 5, Division 5.3.
The provisions of this section shall apply to the construction, alteration, and repair of gray water systems. A city, county, or city and county or other local
government may adopt, after a public hearing and enactment of an ordinance or resolution, building standards that are more restrictive than the gray water building standards adopted in this code. For additional information, see Health and Safety Code Section 18941.7.
- All gray water systems shall he designed with a diverted valve to allow the user to direct the flow to the building sewer and either the irrigation field or disposal field, whichever is used. The means of changing the direction flow of the gray water shall be clearly labeled and readily accessible to the user
- Water used to wash diapers or similarly soiled or infectious garments or other prohibited contents shall be diverted by the user to the building sewer.
- Gray water shall not be used in spray irrigation, allowed to pond or runoff and shall not be discharged directly into or reach any storm sewer system or any surface body of water.
- Human contact with gray water or the soil irrigated by gray water shall be minimized and avoided, except as required to maintain the gray water system. The discharge point of any gray water subsoil irrigation or subsurface irrigation field shall be covered by at least (2) inches (51 mm) of mulch, rock, or soil, or a solid shield to minimize the possibility of human contact.
- Gray water may be released above the ground surface provided at least two (2) inches (51 mm) of mulch, rock, or soil, or a solid shield covers the release point. Other methods which provide equivalent separation are also acceptable.
- Gray water shall not contain hazardous chemicals derived from activities such as cleaning car parts, washing greasy or oily rags, or disposing of waste solutions.
- [HCD 1] The prohibition in Subsection (F) includes, but is not limited to, home photo labs or other similar hobbyist or home occupational activities.
- [BSC] photo labs or similar activities.
- Exemption from construction permit requirements of this code shall not be deemed to grant authorization for any gray water system to he installed in a manner that violates other provisions of this code or any other laws or ordinances of the Enforcing Agency.
- An operation and maintenance manual shall be provided to the owner. Directions shall indicate that the manual is to remain with the building throughout the life of the system and upon change of ownership or occupancy.
- A gray water system shall not be connected to any potable water system without an air gap, reduced-pressure principle backflow preventer, or other physical device which prevents backflow and shall not cause ponding or runoff of gray water.
A clothes washer system in compliance with all of the following is exempt from the construction permit specified in Section 1.8.4.1 and may be installed or altered without
a construction permit:
- If required, notification has been provided to the enforcing agency regarding the proposed location and installation of a gray water irrigation or disposal system.
- The design shall allow the user to direct the flow to the irrigation or disposal field or the building sewer. The direction control of the gray water shall be clearly labeled and readily accessible to the user.
- The installation, change, alteration, or repair of the system does not include a potable water connection or a pump and does not affect other
building, plumbing, electrical. or mechanical components including structural features, egress, fire-life safety, sanitation, potable water supply piping, or accessibility.
Note: The pump in a clothes washer shall not be considered part of the gray water system. - The gray water shall be contained on the site where it is generated.
- Gray water shall be directed to and contained within an irrigation or disposal field.
- Ponding or runoff is prohibited and shall be considered a nuisance.
- Gray water may he released above the ground surface provided at least two (2) inches (51 mm) of mulch, rock, or soil, or a solid shield covers the release point. Other methods which provide equivalent separation are also acceptable.
- Gray water systems shall be designed to minimize contact with humans and domestic pets.
- Water used to wash diapers or similarly soiled or infectious garments shall not be used and shall be diverted to the building sewer.
- Gray water shall not contain hazardous chemicals derived from activities such as cleaning car parts, washing greasy or oily rags, or disposing of waste solutions from home photo labs or similar hobbyist or home occupational activities.
- Exemption from construction permit requirements of this code shall not he deemed to grant authorization for any gray water system to be installed in a manner that violates other provisions of this code or any other laws or ordinances of the enforcing agency.
- An operation and maintenance manual shall be provided to the owner. Directions shall indicate that the manual is to remain with the building throughout the life of the system and upon change of ownership or occupancy.
- Gray water discharge from a clothes washer system through a standpipe shall be properly trapped in accordance woth Section 1005.0
Simple systems exceed a clothes washer system and shall comply with the
following:
- The discharge capacity of a gray water system shall be determined by Section 1502.8. Simple systems have a discharge capacity of 250 gallons (947 L) per day or less.
- Simple, systems shall require a construction permit, unless exempted from a construction permit by the Enforcing Agency. The Enforcing Agency shall consult with the water purveyor for any public water system (as defined in Health and Safety Code Section 116275) providing drinking Hater to the dwelling or non-residential structure before allowing an exemption from a construction permit.
- The design of simple systems shall meet generally accepted gray water system design criteria.
Any gray water system that is not a clothes washer system or simple system shall comply with the following:
- The discharge capacity of a gray water system shall be determined by Section 1502.8. Complex systems have a discharge capacity over 250 gallons (947 L) per day.
- Complex systems shall require a construction permit, unless exempted from a construction permit by the Enforcing Agency. The Enforcing Agency shall consult with the water purveyor for any public water system (as defined in Health and Safety Code, Section 116275) providing drinking water to the dwelling or non-residential structure before allowing an exemption from a construction permit.
Gray water shall be
permitted to be diverted away from a sewer or private
sewage disposal system, and discharge to a subsurface irrigation or subsoil irrigation system, or disposal field. The
gray water shall be pem1itted to discharge to a mulch basin
for residential occupancies. Gray water shall not be used to
irrigate root crops or food crops intended for human
consumption that come in contact with soil.
Gray water systems shall be designed to have the capacity to accommodate peak now rates and distribute the total amount of estimated gray water on a daily basis to a subsurface irrigation field, subsoil irrigation field, disposal field, or mulch basin without surfacing, ponding, or runoff. A surge tank is required for systems that are unable to accommodate
peak flow rates and distribute the total amount of gray water by gravity drainage. The water discharge for gray water systems shall be determined in accordance with Section 1502.8.1.
Exception: It is not the intent of this section to require that all gray water must be handled by an irrigation field or disposal field. It is acceptable for excess gray water to be diverted to the building sewer through a diverter valve or overflow drain as permitted in this chapter.
Exception: It is not the intent of this section to require that all gray water must be handled by an irrigation field or disposal field. It is acceptable for excess gray water to be diverted to the building sewer through a diverter valve or overflow drain as permitted in this chapter.
The gray water system shall connect to the sanitary drainage system downstream of fixture traps and vent connections through an approved diverter valve. The diverter valve shall be installed in a readily accessible location and clearly indicate the
direction of flow.
Exception: [HCD 1] A clothes washer system in compliance with Section 1502.1.1.
Exception: [HCD 1] A clothes washer system in compliance with Section 1502.1.1.
Gray water drains subject to backflow shall be provided with a backwater valve at the point of connection to the building sewer system,
so located as to be accessible for inspection and maintenance.
Gray water systems shall have no unprotected connection to a potable water supply, on-site treated non potable water supply, or reclaimed (recycled)
water systems. Potable, on-site treated non potable, reclaimed (recycled) water, or rainwater is permitted to be used as makeup water for a non-pressurized storage tank provided the connection is protected by an air gap, reduced-pressure principle back flow preventer, or other physical device which prevents back flow in accordance with this code.
No gray water system or part thereof shall be located all a lot other than the lot that is the site of the building or structure that discharges the gray water, nor shall a gray water system or part thereof be located at a
point having less than the minimum distances indicated in Table 1502.4.
Exception: When there exists a lawfully recorded perpetual and exclusive covenant to an easement appurtenant and right-of-way between adjoining land-owners of two or more contiguous lots to discharge gray water from one lot to an adjoining lot.
For SI units 1 foot = 304.8 mm
Notes:
Exception: When there exists a lawfully recorded perpetual and exclusive covenant to an easement appurtenant and right-of-way between adjoining land-owners of two or more contiguous lots to discharge gray water from one lot to an adjoining lot.
| MINIMUM HORIZONTAL DISTANCE IN CLEAR REQUIRED FROM |
SURGE TANK (feet) |
SURFACE AND SUBSOIL IRRI-GATION FIELD AND MULCH BASIN (feet) |
DISPOSAL FIELD |
|---|---|---|---|
| Building structures1 | 52,3,9 | 23,8 | 5 |
| Property line adjoining private property | 5 | 58 | 5 |
| Water supply wells4 | 50 | 100 | 100 |
| Streaks and lakes4 | 50 | 1005,10 | 1005 |
| Sewage pits or cesspools | 5 | 5 | 5 |
| Sewage disposal field10 | 5 | 45 | 46 |
| Septic tank | 0 | 5 | 5 |
| On-side domestics water service line | 5 | 0 | 0 |
| Pressurized public water main7 | 10 | 10 | 107 |
Notes:
1 Building structures do not include porches and steps, whether covered or uncovered, breezeways, roofed carports, roofed porte concheres, roofed patios, covered walks, covered driveways, and similar structures or appurtenances.
2 The distance shall be permitted to be reduced to 0 feet for above ground tanks where first approved by the Authority Having Jurisdiction
3 Underground tanks shall not be loco ted within a 45 degree angle from the bottom of the foundation, or they shall be designed to address the surcharge
imposed by [he structure. The distance may be reduced to six (6) inches (153 mm) for aboveground tanks when first approved by the Enforcing Agency.
4 Where special hazards are involved, the distance required shall be increased as directed by the Authority Having Jurisdiction.
5 These minimum clear horizontal
distances shall apply between the irrigation or disposal field and the ocean mean higher high tide line
6 Add 2 feet (610 mm) for each additional foot of depth in excess of 1 foot (305 mm) below the bottom of the drain line
7 For parallel construction or for crossings, approval by the Authority Having Jurisdiction shall be required
8 The distance shall be permitted to be reduced to 11⁄2 feet (457 mm) for drip and mulch basin irrigation systems
9 The distance shall be permitted to be reduced to 0 feet for surge tanks of 75 gallons (284 L) or less
10 The minimum horizontal distance may be reduced to 50 feet (15240 mm) for irrigation or disposal fields utilizing gray water which has been filtered prior to entering the distribution piping.
No permit for a gray water system shall be issued until a plot plan with data satisfactory to the Authority Having Jurisdiction has been submitted and approved.
Exception: [HCD 1] A construction permit shall not be required for a clothes washer system in compliance with Section 1502.1.1.
Exception: [HCD 1] A construction permit shall not be required for a clothes washer system in compliance with Section 1502.1.1.
Where there is insufficient lot area or inappropriate soil conditions for adequate absorption, no gray water system shall be permitted.
The Authority Having Jurisdiction may require the following information to be included with or in the plot plan before a permit is issued for a gray water system, or at a time during the construction thereof:
- Plot plan drawn to scale and completely dimensioned, showing lot lines and structures, direction and approximate slope of surface, location of present or proposed retaining walls, drainage channels, water supply lines, wells, paved areas and structures on the plot, number of bedrooms and plumbing fixtures in each structure, location of private sewage disposal system and expansion area or building sewer connecting to the public sewer, and location of the proposed gray water system.
- Details of construction necessary to ensure compliance with the requirements of this chapter, together with a full description of the complete installation, including installation methods, construction, and materials.
- Details for holding tanks shall include dimensions, structural calculations, bracings, and such other pertinent data as required.
- A log of soil formations and groundwater level as determined by test holes dug in proximity to proposed irrigation and/or disposal area, together with a statement of water absorption characteristics of the soil at the proposed site as determined by approved percolation tests.
Exceptions:
- The Authority Having Jurisdiction shall permit the use of Table 1502.10 in lieu of percolation tests.
- The Enforcing Agency may waive the requirement for identification of groundwater level and/or soil absorption qualities based on knowledge of local conditions.
- The absence of groundwater in a test hole three (3) vertical feet (915 mm) below the deepest irrigation or disposal point shall be sufficient to satisfy this section unless seasonal high groundwater levels have been documented to rise to within this area
- Distance between the plot and surface waters such as lakes, ponds, rivers or streams, and the slope between the plot and the surface water, where in close proximity
Gray water systems shall be designed to distribute the total amount of estimated gray water on a daily basis, The water discharge for gray water systems shall be determined in accordance with Section 1502.8.1 or Section 1502.8.2.
Exception: It is not the intent of this section to require that all gray water must be handled by an irrigation field or disposal field, It is acceptable for excess gray water to be diverted to the building sewer through a diverter valve or overflow drain as permitted in this chapter
Exception: It is not the intent of this section to require that all gray water must be handled by an irrigation field or disposal field, It is acceptable for excess gray water to be diverted to the building sewer through a diverter valve or overflow drain as permitted in this chapter
The gray water discharge for residential occupancies shall be calculated by water use records, calculations of local daily per person interior water use, or the following procedure:
- The number of occupants of each dwelling unit
shall be calculated as follows:
First Bedroom 2 occupants Each additional bedroom 1 occupant - The estimated gray water flows of each occupant shall be calculated as follows:
Showers, bathtubs,
and lavatories25 gallons (95 L)
per day/occupantLaundry 15 gallons (57 L)
per day/occupant - The total number of occupants shall be multiplied by the applicable estimated gray water discharge as provided above and the type of fixtures connected to the gray water system.
The Authority Having Jurisdiction may utilize the gray water discharge procedures listed below, water use records, or other documentation to
estimate gray water discharge.
Daily discharge from lavatories may be determined by the following equation:
Where:
The number of occupants = square footage of the building divided by the occupant load factor from the California Plumbing Code Chapter 4, Table A.
Lavatory fixture flow rate, new construction = That from the California Green Building Standards (CALGreen) Code Section 5.303.2.3
Lavatory fixture flow rate, existing fixtures = Actual flow rate for existing fixtures
3 = Average number of uses per person per day
(Equation 15.1)
Occupants X lavatory flow rate X 3
Where:
The number of occupants = square footage of the building divided by the occupant load factor from the California Plumbing Code Chapter 4, Table A.
Lavatory fixture flow rate, new construction = That from the California Green Building Standards (CALGreen) Code Section 5.303.2.3
Lavatory fixture flow rate, existing fixtures = Actual flow rate for existing fixtures
3 = Average number of uses per person per day
Daily gray water discharge from showers may he determined by the following
equation:
(Equation 15.2)
Number of daily uses X shower flow rale X 5
minutes
Daily gray water discharge from commercial clothes washers may be determined by the/allowing equation:
Where:
Water Factor = Gallons per cubic foot
6 = Average number of uses per day
Note: Cubic feet of capacity and Water Factor are contained in product specifications or are available from the washer manufacturer.
(Equation 15.3)
Cubic feet of capacity X Water Factor X 6 Where:
Water Factor = Gallons per cubic foot
6 = Average number of uses per day
Note: Cubic feet of capacity and Water Factor are contained in product specifications or are available from the washer manufacturer.
Gray water systems using tanks shall be designed to minimize the amount of time gray water is held in the tank and shall be sized to distribute the total amount of estimated gray water on
a daily basis.
Exception: Approved on-site treated non potable gray water systems.
Exception: Approved on-site treated non potable gray water systems.
Gray water system components shall comply with Section 1502.9.1 through Section 1502.9.2.2.
[HCD 1] Gray water system components shall comply with this chapter.
[HCD 1] Gray water system components shall comply with this chapter.
Where installed, surge tanks shall be in accordance with the following:
- Surge tanks shall be constructed of solid, durable materials not subject to excessive corrosion or decay and shall be watertight. Ahoveground surge tanks shall be protected from direct sunlight or shall he constructed of UV resistant materials including but not limited to heavily tinted or opaque plastic, fiberglass, lined metal, concrete and wood. Surge tanks constructed of steel shall be approved by the Authority Having Jurisdiction, provided such tanks are in accordance with approved applicable standards.
- Each surge tank shall be vented in accordance with this code. The vent size shall be determined based on the total gray water fixture units as outlined in this code.
- Each surge tank shall have an access opening with lockable gasketed covers or approved equivalent to allow for inspection and cleaning.
- Each surge tank shall have its rated capacity permanently marked on the unit. In addition, a sign stating GRAY WATER SYSTEM, CAUTION UNSAFE WATER shall be permanently marked on the holding tank.
- Each surge tank shall have an overflow drain. The overflow drains shall have permanent connections to the building drain or building sewer, upstream of septic tanks. The overflow drain shall not be equipped with a shutoff valve.
- The overflow drain pipes shall not be less in size than the inlet pipe. Unions or equally effective fittings shall be provided for piping connected to the surge tank.
- Surge tank shall be structurally designed to withstand anticipated ealih or other loads. Surge tank covers shall be capable of supporting an earth load of not less than 300 pounds per square foot (lb/ft2) (1465 kg/m2) where the tank is designed for underground installation.
- Where a surge tank is installed underground, the system shall be designed so that the tank overflow will gravity drain to the existing sewer line or septic tank. The tank shall be protected against sewer line back flow by a backwater valve installed in accordance with this code.
- Surge tanks shall be installed on dry, level, well compacted soil where underground or on a level 3 inch (76 mm) thick concrete slab or other approved method where aboveground.
- Surge tanks shall be anchored to prevent against overturning where installed aboveground. Underground tanks shall be ballasted, anchored, or otherwise secured, to prevent the tank from floating out of the ground where empty. The combined weight of the tank and hold down system shall meet or exceed the buoyancy forces of the tank.
- [HCD 1] An overflow drain and backwater valve is not required on a clothes washer system.
Aboveground and underground building drainage and vent pipe and fittings for gray water systems shall comply with the requirements for aboveground and
underground sanitary building drainage and vent pipe and fittings in this code. These materials shall extend not less than 2 feet (610 mm) outside the building.
Gray water tank openings shall be protected to prevent the entrance of insects, birds, or rodents into the tank and piping systems. Screens installed on vent pipes, inlets, and overflow pipes shall have an aperture of not greater than 1⁄16 of an inch (1.6 mm) and shall he close fitting.
Tanks and piping installed in locutions subject to freezing shall be provided with an approved means of freeze protection.
Irrigation or disposal fields shall be permitted to have one or more valved zones. Each zone shall be of a size to receive the gray water anticipated in that zone.
| TYPE OF SOIL | MINIMUM SQUARE FEET OF IRRIGA- TION/LEACHING AREA PER 100 GALLONS OF ESTIMATED GRAY WATER DISCHARGE PER DAY |
MAXIMUM ABSORPTION CAPACITY IN GALLONS PER SQUARE FOOT OF IRRIGATION/ LEACHING AREA FOR A 24-HOUR PERIOD |
|---|---|---|
| Coarse sand or gravel | 20 | 5.0 |
| Fine sand | 25 | 4.0 |
| Sandy loam | 40 | 2.5 |
| Sandy clay | 60 | 1.7 |
| Clay with consider-able sand or gravel | 90 | 1.1 |
| Clay with small amounts of sand or gravel |
120 | 0.8 |
For SI units: 1 square foot = 0.0929 m2, 1 gallon per day = 0.000043 L/s
The minimum effective irrigation area of subsurface irrigation fields, subsoil irrigation fields, and mulch basins shall be determined by Table 1502.10 for the type of soil found in the excavation, based upon a calculation of estimated gray water discharge pursuant to Section 1502.8. For a subsoil irrigation field, the area shall be equal to the aggregate length of the perforated pipe sections within the valved zone multiplied by the width of the proposed subsoil irrigation field.
The irrigation field and mulch basin size shall be based on the maximum absorption capacity of the soil and determined using Table 1502.10. For soils
not listed in Table 1502.10, the maximum absorption capacity for the proposed site shall be determined by percolation tests or other method acceptable to the Authority Having Jurisdiction. A gray water system shall not be permitted, where the percolation test shows the absorption capacity of the soil is unable to accommodate the maximum discharge of the proposed gray
water irrigation system.
Exceptions:
Exceptions:
- The Enforcing Agency may waive the requirement for identification of groundwater level and/or soil absorption qualities based on knowledge of local conditions
- Irrigation fields in compliance with Section 1502.11.2 which only utilize drip type emitters are exempt from percolation tests.
No excavation for an irrigation field, disposal field, or mulch basin shall
extend within 3 feet (914 mm) vertical of the highest known seasonal groundwater level, nor to a depth where gray water contaminates the groundwater or surface water. The applicant shall supply evidence of groundwater depth to the satisfaction of the Authority Having Jurisdiction.
Note: The absence of groundwater in a test hole three (3) vertical feet (915 mm) below the deepest irrigation or disposal point shall be sufficient to satisfy this section unless seasonal high groundwater levels have been documented to rise to within this area.
Note: The absence of groundwater in a test hole three (3) vertical feet (915 mm) below the deepest irrigation or disposal point shall be sufficient to satisfy this section unless seasonal high groundwater levels have been documented to rise to within this area.
Irrigation, Disposal Field and Mulch Basin Construction. Irrigation fields, disposal fields and mulch basins used in gray water systems shall comply with this section. Gray water systems may contain either an irrigation field or a disposal field or a combination of both. This section is not intended to prevent the use of other methods of gray water irrigation or disposal approved by the Enforcing Agency.
[BSC-CG] Irrigation design shall be verified in accordance with the California Green Building Standards Code (CALGreen), Chapter 5, Division 5.3.
For SI units: 1 gallon per day = 0.000043 L/s
[BSC-CG] Irrigation design shall be verified in accordance with the California Green Building Standards Code (CALGreen), Chapter 5, Division 5.3.
| TYPE OF SOIL | MAXIMUM EMITTER DISCHARGE (gallons per day) |
MINIMUM NUMBER OF EMITTERS PER GALLON OF ESTIMATED GRAY WATER DISCHARGE PER DAY* (gallons per day) |
| Sand | 1.8 | 0.6 |
| Sandy loam | 1.4 | 0.7 |
| Loam | 1.2 | 0.9 |
| Clay loam | 0.9 | 1.1 |
| Silty clay | 0.6 | 1.6 |
| Clay | 0.5 | 2.0 |
* The estimated gray water discharge per day shall be determined in accordance with Section 1502.8 of this code.
A mulch basin may be used as an irrigation or disposal field. Mulch basins shall be sized in accordance with Table 1502.10 and of sufficient depth, length and width to prevent ponding or
runoff during the gray water surge of a clothes washer, bathtub or shower. Mulch must be replenished as required due to decomposition of organic matter.
Mulch basins will require periodic maintenance, reshaping or removal of dirt to maintain surge capacity and to accommodate plant growth and prevent ponding or runoff.
The provisions of this section are not intended to prevent the use of any
appropriate material, appliance, installation, device, design or method of construction. If an alternate design is not available, the following provisions may be used as guidance in the design of a gray water irrigation
field:
- Filters used in gray water irrigation systems shall be as specified by the manufacturer's installation instructions for the design flow rate and intended use. The filter backwash and flush discharge shall be contained and disposed of into the building sewer system, septic tank or, with approval of the Enforcing Agency, a separate mini-leach field sized to accept all the backwash and flush discharge water. Filter backwash water and flush water shall not be used for any purpose. Sanitary procedures shall be followed when handling filter backwash and flush discharge or gray water.
- Emitters shall be designed to resist root intrusion and shall be of a design recommended by the manufacturer for the intended gray water flow and use. For emitter ratings, refer to Irrigation Equipment Performance Report, Drip Emitters and Micro-Sprinklers, Center for Irrigation Technology, California State University, 5730 N. Chestnut Avenue, Fresno, California 93740-0018.
- Each irrigation zone shall be designed to include no less than the number of emitters specified in Table 1502.11, or through a procedure designated by the Enforcing Agency. Minimum spacing between emitters in any direction shall be sufficient to prevent surfacing or runoff.
- The system design shall provide user controls, such as valves, switches, timers and other controllers, as appropriate, to rotate the distribution of gray water between irrigation zones.
- All drip irrigation supply lines shall be polyethylene tubing or PVC Class 200 pipe or better and Schedule 40 fittings. All joints shall be pressure tested at 40 psi (276 kPa), and shown to be drip tight for five minutes, before burial. All supply piping shall be covered to a minimum depth of two (2) inches (51 mm) of mulch or soil. Drip feeder lines can be poly or flexible PVC tubing and shall be covered to a minimum depth of two (2) inches (51 mm) of mulch or soil.
- Where pressure at the discharge side of the pump exceeds 20 psi (138 kPa), a pressure-reducing valve able to maintain downstream pressure no greater than the maximum operating pressure of the installed tubing, emitters, or other components shall be installed downstream from the pump and before any emission device.
- When an irrigation system utilizes a pump, and discharges water at a point higher than the pump, a backwater valve shall be installed downstream of the pump to prevent back siphonage of water and soil.
The provisions of this section are not intended to prevent the use of any
appropriate material, appliance, installation, device, design or method of construction. If an alternate design is not available the following provisions may be used as guidance in the design of a gray water disposal
field:
For SI units: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 foot = 304.8 mm, 1 inch per foot = 83.3 mm/m
- Disposal systems shall be not less than three (3) inches (80 mm) in cross sectional dimension and shall be constructed of perforated high-density polyethylene pipe, perforated ABS pipe, perforated PVC pipe, leaching chambers or other approved materials, provided that sufficient openings are available for distribution of the gray water into the trench area. Material, construction, and perforation shall be in compliance with the appropriate absorption fields drainage standards and shall be approved by the Enforcing Agency.
- Filter material, clean stone, gravel, slag, or similar filter material acceptable to the Enforcing Agency, varying in size from three-quarter (¾) inch (19.1 mm) to two and one-half (2 1⁄2) inches (64 mm) shall be placed in the trench to the depth
and grade required by this section. The perforated section shall be laid on the filter material in an approved manner. The perforated section shall
then be covered with filter material to the minimum depth required by this section. The filter material shall then be covered with untreated
building paper, straw, or similar porous material to prevent closure of voids with earth backfill. No earth backfill shall be placed over the filter material cover until after inspection and acceptance.
Exception: Manufactured leaching chambers shall be installed in compliance with the manufacturer's installation instructions. - Disposal fields shall be constructed in accordance with Table 1502.11.3.
- When necessary on sloping ground to prevent excessive line slopes, disposal lines shall be stepped or installed on the contour lines of the slope. The lines between each horizontal leaching section shall be made with approved water-tight joints and installed on natural or unfilled ground.
| DESCRIPTION | MINIMUM | MAXIMUM |
| Number of drain lines per valved zone1 | 1 | - |
| Length of each perforated line1 | - | 100 feet |
| Bottom width of trench1 | 12 inches | 24 inches |
| Spacing of lines, center to center1 | 4 feet | - |
| Depth of earth cover of lines | 10 inches | - |
| Depth of filter material cover of lines | 2 inches | - |
| Depth of filter material beneath lines1 | 3 inches | - |
| Grade of perforated lines level | level | 3 inches per 100 feet |
1 Manufactured leaching chambers shall be installed in compliance with
the manufacturer's installation instructions.
Pressurized gray water distribution systems shall be identified as containing nonpotable water in accordance with Section 601.3 of this code. Marking shall be at intervals not to exceed 5 feet (1524 mm). Gray water distribution
piping upstream of any connection to an irrigation or disposal field or a distribution valve shall be identified with the words "CAUTION: NONPOTABLE GRAY WATER, DO NOT DRINK".
Other collection and distribution systems shall be approved as allowed by Section 301.3 of this code.
Gray water stub-out plumbing may be allowed for future connection prior to the installation of irrigation lines and landscaping. Stub-out shall be permanently marked "CAUTION: NONPOTABLE GRAY WATER, DO NOT DRINK."
Building drains and vents for gray water systems shall be tested in accordance with this code. Surge tanks shall be filled with water to the overflow line prior to and during inspection. Seams and joints shall be left
exposed, and the tank shall remain watertight. A flow test shall be performed through the system to the point of gray water discharge. Lines and components shall be watertight up to the point of the irrigation perforated and drip lines.
Gray water systems and components shall be maintained in accordance with Section 1501.5.
The provisions of this section shall apply to the installation, construction, alteration, and repair of reclaimed (recycled) water systems intended to supply uses such as water closets, urinals, trap primers for floor drains
and floor sinks, aboveground and subsurface irrigation, industrial or commercial cooling or air conditioning and other uses approved by the Authority Having Jurisdiction.
It shall be unlawful for a person to construct, install, alter, or cause to be constructed, installed, or altered a reclaimed (recycled) water system within a building or on a premises without first obtaining a permit to do such work from the Authority Having Jurisdiction.
No permit for a reclaimed (recycled) water system shall be issued until complete plumbing plans, with data satisfactory to the Authority Having Jurisdiction, have been submitted and approved.
No changes or connections shall be made to either the reclaimed (recycled) water system or the potable water system within a site containing a reclaimed (recycled) water system without approval by the Authority Having Jurisdiction.
Reclaimed (recycled) water systems shall have no connection to a potable water supply or alternate water source system. Potable water is permitted to be used as makeup water for a reclaimed (recycled) water storage tank provided the water supply inlet is protected by an air gap or reduced-pressure principle backflow preventer in accordance with this code.
A cross-connection test is required in accordance with Section 1501.11.2.
Before the building is occupied or the system is activated, the installer shall perform the initial cross-connection test in the presence of the Authority Having Jurisdiction and other authorities having jurisdiction. The test shall be ruled successful by the Authority Having Jurisdiction before final approval is granted.
Reclaimed (recycled) water supply and distribution system materials shall comply with the requirements of this code for potable water supply and distribution systems, unless otherwise provided for in this section.
Reclaimed (recycled) water systems shall have a colored background and marking information in accordance with Section 601.3 of this code.
Valves, except fixture supply control valves, shall be equipped with a locking feature.
Hose bibbs shall not be allowed on reclaimed (recycled) water piping systems located in areas accessible to the public. Access to reclaimed (recycled)
water at points in the system accessible to the public shall be through a quick-disconnect device that differs from those installed on the potable water system. Hose bibbs supplying reclaimed (recycled) water shall be marked with the words: "CAUTION: NONPOTABLE RECLAIMED WATER, DO NOT DRINK," and the symbol in Figure 1503.9.
FIGURE 1503.9
The reclaimed (recycled) water system and the potable water system within the
building shall be provided with the required appurtenances (e.g., valves, air/vacuum relief valves, etc.) to allow for deactivation or drainage as required for a cross-connection test in accordance with Section 1501.11 .2.
Reclaimed (recycled) water pipes shall be permitted to be run or laid in the same trench as potable water pipes with 12 inches (305 mm) minimum vertical and horizontal separation where both pipe materials are approved for use within a building. Where piping materials do not meet this requirement the
minimum horizontal separation shall be increased to 60 inches (1524 mm). The potable water piping shall be installed at an elevation above the reclaimed (recycled) water piping. Reclaimed (recycled) water pipes laid in the same trench or crossing building sewer or drainage piping shall be installed in accordance with this code for potable water piping.
Signs in rooms and water closet tanks in buildings using reclaimed (recycled) water shall be in accordance with Section 1501.10 and Section 1501.10.1.
Reclaimed (recycled) water systems shall be inspected and tested in accordance with Section 1501.11.
The provisions of this section shall apply to the installation, construction, alteration, and repair of onsite treated nonpotable gray water systems intended to supply uses such as water closets, urinals, trap primers for
floor drains and floor sinks, above and belowground irrigation, and other uses approved by the Authority Having Jurisdiction.
Other approved nonpotable water sources including swimming pool backwash operations, air conditioner condensate, rainwater, cooling tower blow-down water, foundation drainage, steam system condensate, fluid cooler discharge water, food steamer discharge water, combination oven discharge water, industrial process water, and fire pump test water may be permitted to be collected for re-use by gray water systems, as approved jar the intended application.
Other approved nonpotable water sources including swimming pool backwash operations, air conditioner condensate, rainwater, cooling tower blow-down water, foundation drainage, steam system condensate, fluid cooler discharge water, food steamer discharge water, combination oven discharge water, industrial process water, and fire pump test water may be permitted to be collected for re-use by gray water systems, as approved jar the intended application.
No permit for an on-site treated nonpotable gray water system shall be issued
until complete plumbing plans, with data satisfactory to the Authority Having Jurisdiction, have been submitted and approved.
No changes or connections shall be made to either the on-site treated nonpotable gray water system or the potable water system within a site containing an on-site treated nonpotable gray water system without approval by the Authority Having Jurisdiction.
On-site treated nonpotable gray water systems shall have no unprotected connection to a potable water supply or reclaimed (recycled) water source system. Potable or reclaimed (recycled) water is permitted to be used as makeup water for a non-pressurized storage tank provided the makeup water supply is protected by an air gap, reduced-pressure principle back flow preventer or other physical device which prevents backflow in accordance with this code.
A cross-connection test is required in accordance with Section 1501.11.2.
Before the building is occupied or the system is activated, the installer shall perform the initial cross-connection test in the presence of the Authority Having Jurisdiction and other authorities having jurisdiction. The test shall be ruled successful by the Authority Having Jurisdiction before final approval is granted.
On-site treated nonpotable gray water supply and distribution system materials shall comply with the requirements of this code for potable water supply and distribution systems, unless otherwise provided for in this
section.
Devices or equipment used to treat on-site treated nonpotable gray water in order to maintain the minimum water quality requirements determined by the
Authority Having Jurisdiction shall be listed or labeled (third-party certified) by a listing agency (accredited conformity assessment body) or approved for the intended application. Devices or equipment used to treat on-site treated nonpotable gray water for use in water closet and urinal flushing, surface irrigation, and similar applications shall be listed or labeled to NSF 350 or approved by the Authority Having Jurisdiction.
On-site treated nonpotable gray water systems shall have a colored background and marking information in accordance with Section 601.3 of this code.
Valves, except fixture supply control valves, shall be equipped with a locking feature.
The design and installation of on-site treated nonpotable gray water systems shall be in accordance with Section 1504.10.1 through Section 1504.10.6.
On-site treated nonpotable gray water systems shall be installed in accordance with the terms of its listing and the manufacturer's installation instructions.
On-site treated nonpotable gray water supplied to toilets or urinals or for other uses in which it is sprayed or exposed shall be disinfected. Acceptable disinfection methods shall include chlorination, ultraviolet sterilization, ozone, or other methods as approved by the Authority Having Jurisdiction. The minimum water quality for on-site treated nonpotable gray water systems shall meet the applicable water quality requirements for the intended applications as determined by the public health Authority Having Jurisdiction. In the absence of local water quality requirements for on-site treated nonpotable gray water, Section 1501.7 shall apply.
The on-site treated nonpotable gray water system and the potable water system within the building shall be provided with the required appurtenances (e.g., valves, air/vacuum relief valves, etc.) to allow for deactivation or drainage as required for a cross-connection test in accordance with Section 1501.11.2.
On-site treated nonpotable gray water pipes shall be permitted to be run or laid in the same trench as potable water pipes with a 12 inch (305 mm) minimum vertical and horizontal separation where both pipe materials are approved for use within a building. Where piping materials do not meet this requirement the minimum separation shall be increased to 60 inches (1524 mm). The potable water piping shall be installed at an elevation above the on-site treated nonpotable gray water piping.
1504.10.6 Disinfection. Where the intended use of onsite treated nonpotable gray water requires disinfection and/or other treatment, on-site treated nonpotable gray water shall be disinfected as needed to ensure the
required water quality is obtained at the point of use. Where chlorine is used for disinfection or treatment, water shall be tested for residual chlorine in accordance with ASTM D1253.
Where the intended use of
onsite treated nonpotable gray water requires disinfection
and/or other treatment, on-site treated nonpotable
gray water shall be disinfected as needed to ensure the
required water quality is obtained at the point of use.
Where chlorine is used for disinfection or treatment,
water shall be tested for residual chlorine in accordance
with ASTM D1253.
Signs in buildings using on-site treated nonpotable gray water shall comply with Section 1501.10 and Section 1501.10.1, and applicable requirements of the California Building Code.
On-site treated nonpotable gray water systems shall be inspected and tested in accordance with Section 1501.11, and Section 1501.11.2 and/or as required by the Authority Having Jurisdiction.