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The provisions of this chapter shall govern the materials, design, construction and installation of sanitary drainage systems.
Every building in which plumbing fixtures are installed and all premises having drainage piping shall be connected to a public sewer, where available, or an approved private sewage disposal system in accordance with the International Private Sewage Disposal Code.
Every building having plumbing fixtures installed and intended for human habitation, occupancy or use on premises abutting on a street, alley or easement in which there is a public sewer shall have a separate connection with the sewer. Where located on the same lot, multiple buildings shall not be prohibited from connecting to a common building sewer that connects to the public sewer.
Sewage or other waste from a plumbing system that is deleterious to surface or subsurface waters shall not be discharged into the ground or into any waterway unless it has first been rendered innocuous through subjection to an approved form of treatment.
Wastes detrimental to the public sewer system or to the functioning of the sewage-treatment plant shall be treated and disposed of in accordance with Section 1003 as directed by the code official.
Direct connection of a steam exhaust, blowoff or drip pipe shall not be made with the building drainage system. Wastewater when discharged into the building drainage system shall be at a temperature not higher than 140°F (60°C). When higher temperatures exist, approved cooling methods shall be provided.
Exposed soil or waste piping shall not be installed above any working, storage or eating surfaces in food service establishments.
Above-ground soil, waste and vent pipe shall conform to one of the standards listed in Table 702.1.
| MATERIAL | STANDARD |
| Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) plastic pipe in IPS diameters, including Schedule 40, DR 22 (PS 200) and DR 24 (PS 140); with a solid, cellular core or composite wall |
ASTM D 2661; ASTM F 628; ASTM F 1488; CSA B181.1 |
| Brass pipe | ASTM B 43 |
| Cast-iron pipe | ASTM A 74; ASTM A 888; CISPI 301 |
| Copper or copper-alloy pipe | ASTM B 42; ASTM B 302 |
| Copper or copper-alloy tubing (Type K, L, M or DWV) | ASTM B 75; ASTM B 88; ASTM B 251; ASTM B 306 |
| Galvanized steel pipe | ASTM A 53 |
| Glass pipe | ASTM C 1053 |
| Polyolefin pipe | ASTM F 1412; CAN/CSA B181.3 |
| Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) plastic pipe in IPS diameters, including schedule 40, DR 22 (PS 200), and DR 24 (PS 140); with a solid, cellular core or composite wall |
ASTM D 2665; ASTM F 891; ASTM F 1488; CSA B181.2 |
| Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) plastic pipe with a 3.25-inch O.D. and a solid, cellular core or composite wall |
ASTM D 2949, ASTM F 1488 |
| Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) plastic pipe |
ASTM F 1673; CAN/CSA B181.3 |
| Stainless steel drainage systems, Types 304 and 316L |
ASME A112.3.1 |
Underground building sanitary drainage and vent pipe shall conform to one of the standards listed in Table 702.2.
| MATERIAL | STANDARD |
|
Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) plastic pipe in IPS diameters, including schedule 40, DR 22 (PS 200) and DR 24 (PS 140); with a solid, cellular core, or composite wall
|
ASTM D 2661; ASTM F 628; ASTM F 1488; CSA B181.1 |
| Asbestos-cement pipe | ASTM C 428 |
| Cast-iron pipe | ASTM A 74; ASTM A 888; CISPI 301 |
| Copper or copper-alloy tubing (Type K, L, M or DWV) | ASTM B 75; ASTM B 88; ASTM B 251; ASTM B 306 |
| Polyolefin pipe | ASTM F 1412; CAN/CSA B181.3 |
|
Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) plastic pipe in IPS diameters, including schedule 40, DR 22 (PS 200) and DR 24 (PS 140); with a solid, cellular core, or composite wall
|
ASTM D 2665; ASTM F 891; ASTM F 1488; CSA B181.2 |
|
Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) plastic pipe with a 3.25-inch O.D. and a solid, cellular core, or composite wall
|
ASTM D 2949, ASTM F 1488 |
|
Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) plastic pipe
|
ASTM F 1673; CAN/CSA B181.3 |
|
Stainless steel drainage systems, Type 316L
|
ASME A 112.3.1 |
Building sewer pipe shall conform to one of the standards listed in Table 702.3.
| MATERIAL | STANDARD |
|
Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) plastic pipe in IPS diameters, including schedule 40, DR 22 (PS 200) and DR 24 (PS 140); with a solid, cellular core or composite wall
|
ASTM D 2661; ASTM F 628; ASTM F 1488; CSA B181.1 |
| ASTM F 1488; ASTM D 2751 | |
|
Asbestos-cement pipe
|
ASTM C 428 |
|
Cast-iron pipe
|
ASTM A 74; ASTM A 888; CISPI 301 |
|
Concrete pipe
|
ASTM C14; ASTM C76; CAN/CSA A257.1M; CAN/CSA A257.2M |
|
Copper or copper-alloy tubing (Type K or L)
|
ASTM B 75; ASTM B 88; ASTM B 251 |
|
Polyethylene (PE) plastic pipe (SDR-PR)
|
ASTM F 714 |
|
Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) plastic pipe in IPS diameters, including schedule 40, DR 22 (PS 200) and DR 24 (PS 140); with a solid, cellular core or composite wall
|
ASTM D 2665; ASTM F 891; ASTM F 1488 |
| ASTM F 891; ASTM F 1488; ASTM D 3034; CSA B182.2; CSA B182.4 | |
|
Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) plastic pipe with a 3.25-inch O.D. and a solid, cellular core or composite wall.
|
ASTM D 2949, ASTM F 1488 |
|
Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) plastic pipe
|
ASTM F 1673; CAN/CSA B181.3 |
|
Stainless steel drainage systems, Types 304 and 316L
|
ASME A112.3.1 |
|
Vitrified clay pipe
|
ASTM C 4; ASTM C 700 |
Pipe fittings shall be approved for installation with the piping material installed and shall comply with the applicable standards listed in Table 702.4.
| MATERIAL | STANDARD |
|
Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) plastic pipe in IPS diameters
|
ASTM D 2661; ASTM F 628; CSA B181.1 |
| ASTM D 2751 | |
|
Asbestos cement
|
ASTM C 428 |
|
Cast iron
|
ASME B 16.4; ASME B 16.12; ASTM A 74; ASTM A 888; CISPI 301 |
|
Copper or copper alloy
|
ASME B 16.15; ASME B 16.18; ASME B 16.22; ASME B 16.23; ASME B 16.26; ASME B 16.29 |
|
Glass
|
ASTM C 1053 |
|
Gray iron and ductile iron
|
AWWA C 110 |
|
Malleable iron
|
ASME B 16.3 |
|
Polyolefin
|
ASTM F 1412; CAN/CSA B181.3 |
|
Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) plastic in IPS diameters
|
ASTM D 2665; ASTM F 1866 |
| ASTM D 3034 | |
|
Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) plastic pipe with a 3.25- inch O.D.
|
ASTM D 2949 |
|
Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) plastic pipe
|
ASTM F 1673; CAN/CSA B181.3 |
|
Stainless steel drainage systems, Types 304 and 316L
|
ASME A 112.3.1 |
|
Steel
|
ASME B 16.9; ASME B 16.11; ASME B 16.28 |
|
Vitrified clay
|
ASTM C 700 |
A chemical waste system shall be completely separated from the sanitary drainage system. The chemical waste shall be treated in accordance with Section 803.2 before discharging to the sanitary drainage system. Separate drainage systems for chemical wastes and vent pipes shall be of an approved material that is resistant to corrosion and degradation for the concentrations of chemicals involved.
Lead bends and traps shall not be less than 1/8 inch (3.2 mm) wall thickness.
Where the building sewer is installed within 5 feet (1524 mm) of the water service, the installation shall comply with the provisions of Section 603.2.
Where a building sewer or building drain is installed on filled or unstable ground, the drainage pipe shall conform to one of the standards for ABS plastic pipe, cast-iron pipe, copper or copper-alloy tubing, or PVC plastic pipe listed in Table 702.3.
Existing building sewers and drains shall connect with new building sewer and drainage systems only where found by examination and test to conform to the new system in quality of material. The code official shall notify the owner to make the changes necessary to conform to this code.
Horizontal drainage piping shall be installed in uniform alignment at uniform slopes. The minimum slope of a horizontal drainage pipe shall be in accordance with Table 704.1.
For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 inch per foot = 83.3 mm/m.
| SIZE (inches) |
MINIMUM SLOPE (inch per foot) |
|||
| 21/2 or less | 1/4 | |||
| 3 to 6 | 1/8 | |||
| 8 or larger | 1/16 | |||
For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 inch per foot = 83.3 mm/m.
Horizontal branches shall connect to the bases of stacks at a point located not less than 10 times the diameter of the drainage stack downstream from the stack. Except as prohibited by Section 711.2, horizontal branches shall connect to horizontal stack offsets at a point located not less than 10 times the diameter of the drainage stack downstream from the upper stack.
Drainage piping for future fixtures shall terminate with an approved cap or plug.
Mechanical joints on drainage pipes shall be made with an elastomeric seal conforming to ASTM C 1173, ASTM D 3212 or CSA B602. Mechanical joints shall be installed only in underground systems unless otherwise approved. Joints shall be installed in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions.
Joint surfaces shall be clean and free from moisture. Solvent cement that conforms to ASTM D 2235 or CSA B181.1 shall be applied to all joint surfaces. The joint shall be made while the cement is wet. Joints shall be made in accordance with ASTM D 2235, ASTM D 2661, ASTM F 628 or CSA B181.1. Solvent-cement joints shall be permitted above or below ground.
Threads shall conform to ASME B1.20.1. Schedule 80 or heavier pipe shall be permitted to be threaded with dies specifically designed for plastic pipe. Approved thread lubricant or tape shall be applied on the male threads only.
Joints between asbestos-cement pipe or fittings shall be made with a sleeve coupling of the same composition as the pipe, sealed with an elastomeric ring conforming to ASTM D 1869.
Mechanical joints shall be installed in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions.
Threads shall conform to ASME B1.20.1. Pipe-joint compound or tape shall be applied on the male threads only.
Joints for hub and spigot pipe shall be firmly packed with oakum or hemp. Molten lead shall be poured in one operation to a depth of not less than 1 inch (25 mm). The lead shall not recede more than 1/8 inch (3.2 mm) below the rim of the hub and shall be caulked tight. Paint, varnish or other coatings shall not be permitted on the jointing material until after the joint has been tested and approved. Lead shall be run in one pouring and shall be caulked tight. Acid-resistant rope and acidproof cement shall be permitted.
Compression gaskets for hub and spigot pipe and fittings shall conform to ASTM C 564 and shall be tested to ASTM C 1563. Gaskets shall be compressed when the pipe is fully inserted.
Mechanical joint couplings for hubless pipe and fittings shall comply with CISPI 310, ASTM C 1277 or ASTM C 1540. The elastomeric sealing sleeve shall conform to ASTM C 564 or CAN/CSA B602 and shall be provided with a center stop. Mechanical joint couplings shall be installed in accordance with the manufacturer's installation instructions.
Joints between concrete pipe and fittings shall be made with an elastomeric seal conforming to ASTM C 443, ASTM C 1173, CAN/CSA A257.3M or CAN/CSA B602.
Mechanical joints on drainage pipe shall be made with an elastomeric seal conforming to ASTM C1173, ASTM D 3212 or CSA B602. Mechanical joints shall not be installed in above-ground systems, unless otherwise approved. Joints shall be installed in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions.
Joint surfaces shall be clean and free from moisture. Solvent cement that conforms to ASTM D 2235 or CSA B181.1 shall be applied to all joint surfaces. The joint shall be made while the cement is wet. Joints shall be made in accordance with ASTM D 2235, ASTM D 2661, ASTM F 628 or CSA B181.1. Solvent-cement joints shall be permitted above or below ground.
Mechanical joints on drainage pipe shall be made with an elastomeric seal conforming to ASTM D 3212. Mechanical joints shall not be installed in above-ground systems, unless otherwise approved. Joints shall be installed in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions.
Joint surfaces shall be clean and free from moisture. A purple primer that conforms to ASTM F 656 shall be applied. Solvent cement not purple in color and conforming to ASTM D 2564, CSA B137.3, CSA B181.2 or CSA B182.1 shall be applied to all joint surfaces. The joint shall be made while the cement is wet and shall be in accordance with ASTM D 2855. Solvent-cement joints shall be permitted above or below ground.
Mechanical joints shall be installed in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions.
Solder joints shall be made in accordance with the methods of ASTM B 828. All cut tube ends shall be reamed to the full inside diameter of the tube end. All joint surfaces shall be cleaned. A flux conforming to ASTM B 813 shall be applied. The joint shall be soldered with a solder conforming to ASTM B 32.
Threads shall conform to ASME B1.20.1. Pipe-joint compound or tape shall be applied on the male threads only.
Mechanical joints shall be installed in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions.
Solder joints shall be made in accordance with the methods of ASTM B 828. All cut tube ends shall be reamed to the full inside diameter of the tube end. All joint surfaces shall be cleaned. A flux conforming to ASTM B 813 shall be applied. The joint shall be soldered with a solder conforming to ASTM B 32.
Glass-to-glass connections shall be made with a bolted compression-type stainless steel (300 series) coupling with contoured acid-resistant elastomeric compression ring and a fluorocarbon polymer inner seal ring; or with caulked joints in accordance with Section 705.11.1.
Every lead-caulked joint for hub and spigot soil pipe shall be firmly packed with oakum or hemp and filled with molten lead not less than 1 inch (25 mm) deep and not to extend more than 1/8 inch (3.2 mm) below the rim of the hub. Paint, varnish or other coatings shall not be permitted on the jointing material until after the joint has been tested and approved. Lead shall be run in one pouring and shall be caulked tight. Acid-resistant rope and acidproof cement shall be permitted.
Threads shall conform to ASME B1.20.1. Pipe-joint compound or tape shall be applied on the male threads only.
Joints shall be made with an approved elastomeric seal. Mechanical joints shall be installed in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions.
Mechanical joints on drainage pipe shall be made with an elastomeric seal conforming to ASTM C 1173, ASTM D 3212 or CAN/CSA B602. Mechanical joints shall not be installed in above-ground systems, unless otherwise approved. Joints shall be installed in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions.
Joint surfaces shall be clean and free from moisture. A purple primer that conforms to ASTM F 656 shall be applied. Solvent cement not purple in color and conforming to ASTM D 2564, CSA B137.3, CSA B181.2 or CSA B182.1 shall be applied to all joint surfaces. The joint shall be made while the cement is wet and shall be in accordance with ASTM D 2855. Solvent-cement joints shall be permitted above or below ground.
Threads shall conform to ASME B1.20.1. Schedule 80 or heavier pipe shall be permitted to be threaded with dies specifically designed for plastic pipe. Approved thread lubricant or tape shall be applied on the male threads only.
Joints between vitrified clay pipe or fittings shall be made with an elastomeric seal conforming to ASTM C 425, ASTM C 1173 or CAN/CSA B602.
Joints between polyethylene plastic pipe and fittings shall be underground and shall comply with Section 705.16.1 or 705.16.2.
Joint surfaces shall be clean and free from moisture. All joint surfaces shall be cut, heated to melting temperature and joined using tools specifically designed for the operation. Joints shall be undisturbed until cool. Joints shall be made in accordance with ASTM D 2657 and the manufacturer's instructions.
Mechanical joints in drainage piping shall be made with an elastomeric seal conforming to ASTM C 1173, ASTM D 3212 or CAN/CSA B602. Mechanical joints shall be installed in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions.
Heat-fusion joints for polyolefin pipe and tubing joints shall be installed with socket-type heat-fused polyolefin fittings or electrofusion polyolefin fittings. Joint surfaces shall be clean and free from moisture. The joint shall be undisturbed until cool. Joints shall be made in accordance with ASTM F 1412 or CAN/CSA B181.3.
Mechanical and compression sleeve joints shall be installed in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions.
Heat-fusion joints for polyvinylidene fluoride pipe and tubing joints shall be installed with socket-type heat-fused polyvinylidene fluoride fittings or electrofusion polyvinylidene fittings and couplings. Joint surfaces shall be clean and free from moisture. The joint shall be undisturbed until cool. Joints shall be made in accordance with ASTM F 1673.
Mechanical and compression sleeve joints shall be installed in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions.
Joints between different piping materials shall be made with a mechanical joint of the compression or mechanical-sealing type conforming to ASTM C 1173, ASTM C 1460 or ASTM C 1461. Connectors and adapters shall be approved for the application and such joints shall have an elastomeric seal conforming to ASTM C 425, ASTM C 443, ASTM C 564, ASTM C 1440, ASTM D 1869, ASTM F 477, CAN/CSA A257.3M or CAN/CSA B602, or as required in Sections 705.19.1 through 705.19.7. Joints between glass pipe and other types of materials shall be made with adapters having a TFE seal. Joints shall be installed in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions.
Joints between copper or copper-alloy tubing and cast-iron hub pipe shall be made with a brass ferrule or compression joint. The copper or copper-alloy tubing shall be soldered to the ferrule in an approved manner, and the ferrule shall be joined to the cast-iron hub by a caulked joint or a mechanical compression joint.
Joints between copper or copper-alloy tubing and galvanized steel pipe shall be made with a brass converter fitting or dielectric fitting. The copper tubing shall be soldered to the fitting in an approved manner, and the fitting shall be screwed to the threaded pipe.
Joints between cast-iron and galvanized steel or brass pipe shall be made by either caulked or threaded joints or with an approved adapter fitting.
Joints between different types of plastic pipe or between plastic pipe and other piping material shall be made with an approved adapter fitting. Joints between plastic pipe and cast-iron hub pipe shall be made by a caulked joint or a mechanical compression joint.
Joints between lead pipe and other piping material shall be made by a wiped joint to a caulking ferrule, soldering nipple, or bushing or shall be made with an approved adapter fitting.
Joints between glass pipe and other types of materials shall be made with adapters having a TFE seal and shall be installed in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions.
Joints between stainless steel drainage systems and other piping materials shall be made with approved mechanical couplings.
Ferrules shall be of red brass and shall be in accordance with Table 705.21.
For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 ounce = 28.35 g, 1 pound = 0.454 kg.
| PIPE SIZES (inches) | INSIDE DIAMETER (inches) | LENGTH (inches) | MINIMUM WEIGHT EACH | |||||||
| 2 | 21/4 | 41/2 | 1 pound | |||||||
| 3 | 31/4 | 41/2 | 1 pound 12 ounces | |||||||
| 4 | 41/4 | 41/2 | 2 pounds 8 ounces | |||||||
For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 ounce = 28.35 g, 1 pound = 0.454 kg.
Soldering bushings shall be of red brass and shall be in accordance with Table 705.22.
For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 ounce = 28.35 g, 1 pound = 0.454 kg.
| PIPE SIZES (inches) |
MINIMUM WEIGHT EACH |
||||||
| 11/4 | 6 ounces | ||||||
| 11/2 | 8 ounces | ||||||
| 2 | 14 ounces | ||||||
| 21/2 | 1 pound 6 ounces | ||||||
| 3 | 2 pounds | ||||||
| 4 | 3 pounds 8 ounces | ||||||
For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 ounce = 28.35 g, 1 pound = 0.454 kg.
O-ring joints for stainless steel drainage systems shall be made with an approved elastomeric seal.
All connections and changes in direction of the sanitary drainage system shall be made with approved drainage fittings. Connections between drainage piping and fixtures shall conform to Section 405.
Fittings shall be installed to guide sewage and waste in the direction of flow. Change in direction shall be made by fittings installed in accordance with Table 706.3. Change in direction by combination fittings, side inlets or increasers shall be installed in accordance with Table 706.3 based on the pattern of flow created by the fitting. Double sanitary tee patterns shall not receive the discharge of back-to-back water closets and fixtures or appliances with pumping action discharge.
Exception: Back-to-back water closet connections to double sanitary tees shall be permitted where the horizontal developed length between the outlet of the water closet and the connection to the double sanitary tee pattern is 18 inches (457 mm) or greater.
| TYPE OF FITTING PATTERN |
CHANGE IN DIRECTION | |||||||||||
| Horizontal to vertical |
Vertical to horizontal |
Horizontal to horizontal |
||||||||||
| Sixteenth bend | X | X | X | |||||||||
| Eighth bend | X | X | X | |||||||||
| Sixth bend | X | X | X | |||||||||
| Quarter bend | X | Xa | Xa | |||||||||
| Short sweep | X | Xa,b | Xa | |||||||||
| Long sweep | X | X | X | |||||||||
| Sanitary tee | Xc | - | - | |||||||||
| Wye | X | X | X | |||||||||
| Combination wye and eighth bend | X | X | X | |||||||||
For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm.
- The fittings shall only be permitted for a 2-inch or smaller fixture drain.
- Three inches or larger.
- For a limitation on double sanitary tees, see Section 706.3.
Heel-inlet quarter bends shall be an acceptable means of connection, except where the quarter bend serves a water closet. A low-heel inlet shall not be used as a wet-vented connection. Side-inlet quarter bends shall be an acceptable means of connection for drainage, wet venting and stack venting arrangements.
The following types of joints and connections shall be prohibited:
Cleanout plugs shall be brass or plastic, or other approved materials. Brass cleanout plugs shall be utilized with metallic drain, waste and vent piping only, and shall conform to ASTM A 74, ASME A112.3.1 or ASME A112.36.2M. Cleanouts with plate-style access covers shall be fitted with corrosion-resisting fasteners. Plastic cleanout plugs shall conform to the requirements of Section 702.4. Plugs shall have raised square or countersunk square heads. Countersunk heads shall be installed where raised heads are a trip hazard. Cleanout plugs with borosilicate glass systems shall be of borosilicate glass.
Building sewers shall be provided with cleanouts located not more than 100 feet (30 480 mm) apart measured from the upstream entrance of the cleanout. For building sewers 8 inches (203 mm) and larger, manholes shall be provided and located not more than 200 feet (60 960 mm) from the junction of the building drain and building sewer, at each change in direction and at intervals of not more than 400 feet (122 m) apart. Manholes and manhole covers shall be of an approved type.
Cleanouts shall be installed at each change of direction greater than 45 degrees (0.79 rad) in the building sewer, building drain and horizontal waste or soil lines. Where more than one change of direction occurs in a run of piping, only one cleanout shall be required for each 40 feet (12 192 mm) of developed length of the drainage piping.
There shall be a cleanout near the junction of the building drain and the building sewer. The cleanout shall be either inside or outside the building wall and shall be brought up to the finished ground level or to the basement floor level. An approved two-way cleanout is allowed to be used at this location to serve as a required cleanout for both the building drain and building sewer. The cleanout at the junction of the building drain and building sewer shall not be required if the cleanout on a 3-inch (76 mm) or larger diameter soil stack is located within a developed length of 10 feet (3048 mm) of the building drain and building sewer connection. The minimum size of the cleanout at the junction of the building drain and building sewer shall comply with Section 708.7.
Manholes serving a building drain shall have secured gas-tight covers and shall be located in accordance with Section 708.3.2.
Cleanouts on concealed piping or piping under a floor slab or in a crawl space of less than 24 inches (610 mm) in height or a plenum shall be extended through and terminate flush with the finished wall, floor or ground surface or shall be extended to the outside of the building. Cleanout plugs shall not be covered with cement, plaster or any other permanent finish material. Where it is necessary to conceal a cleanout or to terminate a cleanout in an area subject to vehicular traffic, the covering plate, access door or cleanout shall be of an approved type designed and installed for this purpose.
Cleanouts shall be the same nominal size as the pipe they serve up to 4 inches (102 mm). For pipes larger than 4 inches (102 mm) nominal size, the minimum size of the cleanout shall be 4 inches (102 mm).
Exceptions:
- "P" trap connections with slip joints or ground joint connections, or stack cleanouts that are not more than one pipe diameter smaller than the drain served, shall be permitted.
- Cast-iron cleanout sizing shall be in accordance with referenced standards in Table 702.4, ASTM A 74 for hub and spigot fittings or ASTM A 888 or CISPI 301 for hubless fittings.
Drainage fixture unit values as given in Table 709.1 designate the relative load weight of different kinds of fixtures that shall be employed in estimating the total load carried by a soil or waste pipe, and shall be used in connection with Tables 710.1(1) and 710.1(2) of sizes for soil, waste and vent pipes for which the permissible load is given in terms of fixture units.
| FIXTURE TYPE | DRAINAGE FIXTURE UNIT VALUE AS LOAD FACTORS |
MINIMUM SIZE OF TRAP (inches) |
|
| Automatic clothes washers, commerciala,g | 3 | 2 | |
| Automatic clothes washers, residentialg | 2 | 2 | |
| Bathroom group as defined in Section 202 (1.6 gpf water closet)f | 5 | - | |
| Bathroom group as defined in Section 202 (water closet flushing greater than 1.6 gpf)f | 6 | - | |
| Bathtubb (with or without overhead shower or whirpool attachments) | 2 | 11/2 | |
| Bidet | 1 | 11/4 | |
| Combination sink and tray | 2 | 11/2 | |
| Dental lavatory | 1 | 11/4 | |
| Dental unit or cuspidor | 1 | 11/4 | |
| Dishwashing machine,c domestic | 2 | 11/2 | |
| Drinking fountain | 1/2 | 11/4 | |
| Emergency floor drain | 0 | 2 | |
| Floor drainsh | 2h | 2 | |
| Floor sinks | Note h | 2 | |
| Kitchen sink, domestic | 2 | 11/2 | |
| Kitchen sink, domestic with food waste grinder and/or dishwasher | 2 | 11/2 | |
| Laundry tray (1 or 2 compartments) | 2 | 11/2 | |
| Lavatory | 1 | 11/4 | |
| Shower (based on the total flow rate through showerheads and body sprays) Flow rate: | |||
| 5.7 gpm or less | 2 | 11/2 | |
| Greater than 5.7 gpm to 12.3 gpm | 3 | 2 | |
| Greater than 12.3 gpm to 25.8 gpm | 5 | 3 | |
| Greater than 25.8 gpm to 55.6 gpm | 6 | 4 | |
| Service sink | 2 | 11/2 | |
| Sink | 2 | 11/2 | |
| Urinal | 4 | Note d | |
| Urinal, 1 gallon per flush or less | 2e | Note d | |
| Urinal, nonwater supplied | 1/2 | Note d | |
| Wash sink (circular or multiple) each set of faucets | 2 | 11/2 | |
| Water closet, flushometer tank, public or private | 4e | Note d | |
| Water closet, private (1.6 gpf) | 3e | Note d | |
| Water closet, private (flushing greater than 1.6 gpf) | 4e | Note d | |
| Water closet, public (1.6 gpf) | 4e | Note d | |
| Water closet, public (flushing greater than 1.6 gpf) | 6e | Note d | |
For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 gallon = 3.785 L, gpf = gallon per flushing cycle, gpm = gallon per minute.
- For traps larger than 3 inches, use Table 709.2.
- A showerhead over a bathtub or whirlpool bathtub attachment does not increase the drainage fixture unit value.
- See Sections 709.2 through 709.4.1 for methods of computing unit value of fixtures not listed in this table or for rating of devices with intermittent flows.
- Trap size shall be consistent with the fixture outlet size.
- For the purpose of computing loads on building drains and sewers, water closets and urinals shall not be rated at a lower drainage fixture unit unless the lower values are confirmed by testing.
- For fixtures added to a dwelling unit bathroom group, add the dfu value of those additional fixtures to the bathroom group fixture count.
- See Section 406.3 for sizing requirements for fixture drain, branch drain, and drainage stack for an automatic clothes washer standpipe.
- See Sections 709.4 and 709.4.1.
Fixtures not listed in Table 709.1 shall have a drainage fixture unit load based on the outlet size of the fixture in accordance with Table 709.2. The minimum trap size for unlisted fixtures shall be the size of the drainage outlet but not less than 11/4 inches (32 mm).
For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm.
| FIXTURE DRAIN OR TRAP SIZE (inches) |
DRAINAGE FIXTURE UNIT VALUE |
| 11/4 | 1 |
| 11/2 | 2 |
| 2 | 3 |
| 21/2 | 4 |
| 3 | 5 |
| 4 | 6 |
For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm.
Drainage fixture unit values for continuous and semicontinuous flow into a drainage system shall be computed on the basis that 1 gpm (0.06 L/s) of flow is equivalent to two fixture units.
The drainage fixture unit load of an indirect waste receptor receiving the discharge of indirectly connected fixtures shall be the sum of the drainage fixture unit values of the fixtures that discharge to the receptor, but not less than the drainage fixture unit value given for the indirect waste receptor in Table 709.1 or 709.2.
The maximum number of drainage fixture units connected to a given size of building sewer, building drain or horizontal branch of the building drain shall be determined using Table 710.1(1). The maximum number of drainage fixture units connected to a given size of horizontal branch or vertical soil or waste stack shall be determined using Table 710.1(2).
| DIAMETER OF PIPE (inches) | MAXIMUM NUMBER OF DRAINAGE FIXTURE UNITS CONNECTED TO ANY PORTION OF THE BUILDING DRAIN OR THE BUILDING SEWER, INCLUDING BRANCHES OF THE BUILDING DRAINa | |||
| Slope per foot | ||||
| 1/16 inch | 1/8 inch | 1/4 inch | 1/2 inch | |
| 11/4 | - | - | 1 | 1 |
| 11/2 | - | - | 3 | 3 |
| 2 | - | - | 21 | 26 |
| 21/2 | - | - | 24 | 31 |
| 3 | - | 36 | 42 | 50 |
| 4 | - | 180 | 216 | 250 |
| 5 | - | 390 | 480 | 575 |
| 6 | - | 700 | 840 | 1,000 |
| 8 | 1,400 | 1,600 | 1,920 | 2,300 |
| 10 | 2,500 | 2,900 | 3,500 | 4,200 |
| 12 | 3,900 | 4,600 | 5,600 | 6,700 |
| 15 | 7,000 | 8,300 | 10,000 | 12,000 |
For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 inch per foot = 83.3 mm/m.
- The minimum size of any building drain serving a water closet shall be 3 inches.
| DIAMETER OF PIPE (inches) |
MAXIMUM NUMBER OF DRAINAGE FIXTURE UNITS (dfu) | |||
| Total for horizontal branch | Stacksb | |||
| Total discharge into one branch interval | Total for stack of three branch Intervals or less | Total for stack greater than three branch intervals | ||
| 11/2 | 3 | 2 | 4 | 8 |
| 2 | 6 | 6 | 10 | 24 |
| 21/2 | 12 | 9 | 20 | 42 |
| 3 | 20 | 20 | 48 | 72 |
| 4 | 160 | 90 | 240 | 500 |
| 5 | 360 | 200 | 540 | 1,100 |
| 6 | 620 | 350 | 960 | 1,900 |
| 8 | 1,400 | 600 | 2,200 | 3,600 |
| 10 | 2,500 | 1,000 | 3,800 | 5,600 |
| 12 | 3,900 | 1,500 | 6,000 | 8,400 |
| 15 | 7,000 | Note c | Note c | Note c |
For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm.
- Does not include branches of the building drain. Refer to Table 710.1(1).
- Stacks shall be sized based on the total accumulated connected load at each story or branch interval. As the total accumulated connected load decreases, stacks are permitted to be reduced in size. Stack diameters shall not be reduced to less than one-half of the diameter of the largest stack size required.
- Sizing load based on design criteria.
Horizontal stack offsets shall be sized as required for building drains in accordance with Table 710.1(1), except as required by Section 711.4.
Vertical stack offsets shall be sized as required for straight stacks in accordance with Table 710.1(2), except where required to be sized as a building drain in accordance with Section 711.1.1.
Where provision is made for the future installation of fixtures, those provided for shall be considered in determining the required sizes of drain pipes.
Vents for vertical offsets required by Section 711.1 shall not be required where the stack and its offset are sized as a building drain [see Table 710.1(1)].
A stack with a horizontal offset located more than four branch intervals below the top of the stack shall be vented in accordance with Section 915 and sized as follows:
- The portion of the stack above the offset shall be sized as for a vertical stack based on the total number of drainage fixture units above the offset.
- The offset shall be sized in accordance with Section 710.1.1.
- The portion of the stack below the offset shall be sized as for the offset or based on the total number of drainage fixture units on the entire stack, whichever is larger [see Table 710.1(2), Column 5].
Vents for horizontal stack offsets required by Section 711.3 shall not be required where the stack and its offset are one pipe size larger than required for a building drain [see Table 710.1(1)] and the entire stack and offset are not less in cross-sectional area than that required for a straight stack plus the area of an offset vent as provided for in Section 915. Omission of offset vents in accordance with this section shall not constitute approval of horizontal branch connections within the offset or within 2 feet (610 mm) above or below the offset.
Where a vertical offset occurs in a soil or waste stack below the lowest horizontal branch, a change in diameter of the stack because of the offset shall not be required. If a horizontal offset occurs in a soil or waste stack below the lowest horizontal branch, the required diameter of the offset and the stack below it shall be determined as for a building drain in accordance with Table 710.1(1).
Building subdrains that cannot be discharged to the sewer by gravity flow shall be discharged into a tightly covered and vented sump from which the liquid shall be lifted and discharged into the building gravity drainage system by automatic pumping equipment or other approved method. In other than existing structures, the sump shall not receive drainage from any piping within the building capable of being discharged by gravity to the building sewer.
A check valve and a full open valve located on the discharge side of the check valve shall be installed in the pump or ejector discharge piping between the pump or ejector and the gravity drainage system. Access shall be provided to such valves. Such valves shall be located above the sump cover required by Section 712.1 or, where the discharge pipe from the ejector is below grade, the valves shall be accessibly located outside the sump below grade in an access pit with a removable access cover.
The sump pump capacity and head shall be appropriate to anticipated use requirements.
The sump pit shall be not less than 18 inches (457 mm) in diameter and 24 inches (610 mm) deep, unless otherwise approved. The pit shall be accessible and located such that all drainage flows into the pit by gravity. The sump pit shall be constructed of tile, concrete, steel, plastic or other approved materials. The pit bottom shall be solid and provide permanent support for the pump. The sump pit shall be fitted with a gas-tight removable cover adequate to support anticipated loads in the area of use. The sump pit shall be vented in accordance with Chapter 9.
Discharge piping and fittings shall be constructed of approved materials.
Pumps connected to the drainage system shall connect to the building sewer or shall connect to a wye fitting in the building drain a minimum of 10 feet (3048 mm) from the base of any soil stack, waste stack or fixture drain. Where the discharge line connects into horizontal drainage piping, the connector shall be made through a wye fitting into the top of the drainage piping.
A sewage pump or sewage ejector shall automatically discharge the contents of the sump to the building drainage system.
Macerating toilet systems shall comply with CSA B45.9 or ASME A112.3.4 and shall be installed in accordance with the manufacturer's installation instructions.
A sewage pump or sewage ejector shall have the capacity and head for the application requirements. Pumps or ejectors that receive the discharge of water closets shall be capable of handling spherical solids with a diameter of up to and including 2 inches (51 mm). Other pumps or ejectors shall be capable of handling spherical solids with a diameter of up to and including 1 inch (25.4 mm). The minimum capacity of a pump or ejector based on the diameter of the discharge pipe shall be in accordance with Table 712.4.2.
For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 gallon per minute = 3.785 L/m.
Exceptions:
| DIAMETER OF THE DISCHARGE PIPE (inches) | CAPACITY OF PUMP OR EJECTOR (gpm) |
| 2 | 21 |
| 21/2 | 30 |
| 3 | 46 |
For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 gallon per minute = 3.785 L/m.
This section shall govern those aspects of health care plumbing systems that differ from plumbing systems in other structures. Health care plumbing systems shall conform to this section in addition to the other requirements of this code. The provisions of this section shall apply to the special devices and equipment installed and maintained in the following occupancies: nursing homes; homes for the aged; orphanages; infirmaries; first aid stations; psychiatric facilities; clinics; professional offices of dentists and doctors; mortuaries; educational facilities; surgery, dentistry, research and testing laboratories; establishments manufacturing pharmaceutical drugs and medicines; and other structures with similar apparatus and equipment classified as plumbing.
Bedpan washers and clinical sinks shall connect to the drainage and vent system in accordance with the requirements for a water closet. Bedpan washers shall also connect to a local vent.
All sterilizers, steamers and condensers shall discharge to the drainage through an indirect waste pipe by means of an air gap. Where a battery of not more than three sterilizers discharges to an individual receptor, the distance between the receptor and a sterilizer shall not exceed 8 feet (2438 mm). The indirect waste pipe on a bedpan steamer shall be trapped.
Ready access shall be provided to vacuum system station receptacles. Such receptacles shall be built into cabinets or recesses and shall be visible.
All central vacuum (fluid suction) systems shall provide continuous service. Systems equipped with collecting or control tanks shall provide for draining and cleaning of the tanks while the system is in operation. In hospitals, the system shall be connected to the emergency power system. The exhausts from a vacuum pump serving a vacuum (fluid suction) system shall discharge separately to open air above the roof.
Where the waste from a central vacuum (fluid suction) system of the barometric-lag, collection-tank or bottle-disposal type is connected to the drainage system, the waste shall be directly connected to the sanitary drainage system through a trapped waste.
The piping of a central vacuum (fluid suction) system shall be of corrosion-resistant material with a smooth interior surface. A branch shall not be less than 1/2 inch (12.7 mm) nominal pipe size for one outlet and shall be sized in accordance with the number of vacuum outlets. A main shall not be less than 1-inch (25 mm) nominal pipe size. The pipe sizing shall be increased in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions as stations are increased.
The velocity of airflow in a central vacuum (fluid suction) system shall be less than 5,000 feet per minute (25 m/s).
Connections between local vents serving bedpan washers or sterilizer vents serving sterilizing apparatus and normal sanitary plumbing systems are prohibited. Only one type of apparatus shall be served by a local vent.
Where bedpan washers are located above each other on more than one floor, a local vent stack is permitted to be installed to receive the local vent on the various floors. Not more than three bedpan washers shall be connected to a 2-inch (51 mm) local vent stack, not more than six to a 3-inch (76 mm) local vent stack and not more than 12 to a 4-inch (102 mm) local vent stack. In multiple installations, the connections between a bedpan washer local vent and a local vent stack shall be made with tee or tee-wye sanitary pattern drainage fittings installed in an upright position.
The bottom of the local vent stack, except where serving only one bedpan washer, shall be drained by means of a trapped and vented waste connection to the sanitary drainage system. The trap and waste shall be the same size as the local vent stack.
A water supply pipe not less than 1/4 inch (6.4 mm) in diameter shall be taken from the flush supply of each bedpan washer on the discharge or fixture side of the vacuum breaker, shall be trapped to form not less than a 3-inch (76 mm) water seal, and shall be connected to the local vent stack on each floor. The water supply shall be installed so as to provide a supply of water to the local vent stack for cleansing and drain trap seal maintenance each time a bedpan washer is flushed.
Multiple installations of pressure and nonpressure sterilizers shall have the vent connections to the sterilizer vent stack made by means of inverted wye fittings. Access shall be provided to vent connections for the purpose of inspection and maintenance.
The connection between sterilizer vent or exhaust openings and the sterilizer vent stack shall be designed and installed to drain to the funnel or basket-type waste fitting. In multiple installations, the sterilizer vent stack shall be drained separately to the lowest sterilizer funnel or basket-type waste fitting or receptor.
The minimum size of a sterilizer vent serving a bedpan steamer shall be 11/2 inches (38 mm) in diameter. Multiple installations shall be sized in accordance with Table 713.11.1.
| STACK SIZE (inches) |
CONNECTION SIZE | ||
| 11/2" | 2" | ||
| 11/2a | 1 | or | 0 |
| 2a | 2 | or | 1 |
| 2b | 1 | and | 1 |
| 3a | 4 | or | 2 |
| 3b | 2 | and | 2 |
| 4a | 8 | or | 4 |
| 4b | 4 | and | 4 |
For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm.
- Total of each size.
- Combination of sizes.
The minimum size of a sterilizer vent stack shall be 2 inches (51 mm) in diameter where serving a utensil sterilizer and 11/2 inches (38 mm) in diameter where serving an instrument sterilizer. Combinations of boiling-type sterilizer vent connections shall be sized in accordance with Table 713.11.1.
Pressure sterilizer vent stacks shall be 21/2 inches (64 mm) minimum. Those serving combinations of pressure sterilizer exhaust connections shall be sized in accordance with Table 713.11.3.
| STACK SIZE (inches) |
CONNECTION SIZE | ||||
| 3/4" | 1" | 11/4" | 11/2" | ||
| 11/2a | 3 or | 2 or | 1 | - | |
| 11/2b | 2 and | 1 | - | - | |
| 2a | 6 or | 3 or | 2 or | 1 | |
| 2b | 3 and | 2 | - | - | |
| 2b | 2 and | 1 and | 1 | - | |
| 2b | 1 and | 1 and | - | 1 | |
| 3a | 15 or | 7 or | 5 or | 3 | |
| 3b | 1 and | 1 and 5 and |
2 and | 2 1 |
|
For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm.
- Total of each size.
- Combination of sizes.
The minimum diameter of a sterilizer vent stack serving an instrument washer sterilizer shall be 2 inches (51 mm). Not more than two sterilizers shall be installed on a 2-inch (51 mm) stack, and not more than four sterilizers shall be installed on a 3-inch (76 mm) stack.
The sizing, design and layout of the drainage system shall be permitted to be designed by approved computer design methods.
The load shall be computed from the simultaneous or sequential discharge conditions from fixtures, appurtenances and appliances or the peak usage design condition.
The discharge profiles for flow rates versus time from fixtures and appliances shall be in accordance with the manufacturer's specifications.
Pipe shall be sized to prevent full-bore flow.
Pipe size calculations shall be conducted with the pipe wall roughness factor (ks), in accordance with the manufacturer's specifications and as modified for aging roughness factors with deposits and corrosion.
Horizontal drainage piping shall be designed and installed at slopes in accordance with Table 704.1.
Where the flood level rims of plumbing fixtures are below the elevation of the manhole cover of the next upstream manhole in the public sewer, such fixtures shall be protected by a backwater valve installed in the building drain, branch of the building drain or horizontal branch serving such fixtures. Plumbing fixtures having flood level rims above the elevation of the manhole cover of the next upstream manhole in the public sewer shall not discharge through a backwater valve.
All bearing parts of backwater valves shall be of corrosion-resistant material. Backwater valves shall comply with ASME A112.14.1, CSA B181.1 or CSA B181.2.
Backwater valves shall be so constructed as to provide a mechanical seal against backflow.
Backwater valves, when fully opened, shall have a capacity not less than that of the pipes in which they are installed.
Backwater valves shall be installed so that access is provided to the working parts for service and repair.
