The provisions of this chapter shall govern the design, materials, construction and quality of roof assemblies, and rooftop structures.
The following words and terms shall, for the purposes of this chapter and as used elsewhere in this code, have the meanings shown herein.
AGGREGATE. In roofing, crushed stone, crushed slag or water-worn gravel used for surfacing for roof coverings.
BALLAST. In roofing, ballast comes in the form of large stones or paver systems or light-weight interlocking paver systems and is used to provide uplift resistance for roofing systems that are not adhered or mechanically attached to the roof deck.
BUILT-UP ROOF COVERING. Two or more layers of felt cemented together and surfaced with a cap sheet, mineral aggregate, smooth coating or similar surfacing material.
INTERLAYMENT. A layer of felt or nonbituminous saturated felt not less than 18 inches (457 mm) wide, shingled between each course of a wood-shake roof covering.
MECHANICAL EQUIPMENT SCREEN. A partially enclosed rooftop structure used to aesthetically conceal heating, ventilating and air conditioning (HVAC) electrical or mechanical equipment from view.
METAL ROOF PANEL. An interlocking metal sheet having a minimum installed weather exposure of 3 square feet (0.279 m2) per sheet.
METAL ROOF SHINGLE. An interlocking metal sheet having an installed weather exposure less than 3 square feet (0.279 m2) per sheet.
MODIFIED BITUMEN ROOF COVERING. One or more layers of polymer-modified asphalt sheets. The sheet materials shall be fully adhered or mechanically attached to the substrate or held in place with an approved ballast layer.
PENTHOUSE. An enclosed, unoccupied structure above the roof of a building, other than a tank, tower, spire, dome cupola or bulkhead.
POSITIVE ROOF DRAINAGE. The drainage condition in which consideration has been made for all loading deflections of the roof deck, and additional slope has been provided to ensure drainage of the roof within 48 hours of precipitation.
REROOFING. The process of recovering or replacing an existing roof covering. See "Roof recover" and "Roof replacement."
ROOF ASSEMBLY. A system designed to provide weather protection and resistance to design loads. The system consists of a roof covering and roof deck or a single component serving as both the roof covering and the roof deck. A roof assembly includes the roof deck, vapor retarder, substrate or thermal barrier, insulation, vapor retarder and roof covering.
The definition of "Roof assembly" is limited in application to the provisions of Chapter 15.
ROOF COVERING. The covering applied to the roof deck for weather resistance, fire classification or appearance.
ROOF COVERING SYSTEM. See "Roof assembly."
ROOF DECK. The flat or sloped surface not including its supporting members or vertical supports.
ROOF RECOVER. The process of installing an additional roof covering over a prepared existing roof covering without removing the existing roof covering.
ROOF REPAIR. Reconstruction or renewal of any part of an existing roof for the purposes of its maintenance.
ROOF REPLACEMENT. The process of removing the existing roof covering, repairing any damaged substrate and installing a new roof covering.
ROOF VENTILATION. The natural or mechanical process of supplying conditioned or unconditioned air to, or removing such air from, attics, cathedral ceilings or other enclosed spaces over which a roof assembly is installed.
ROOFTOP STRUCTURE. An enclosed structure on or above the roof of any part of a building.
SINGLE-PLY MEMBRANE. A roofing membrane that is field applied using one layer of membrane material (either homogeneous or composite) rather than multiple layers.
UNDERLAYMENT. One or more layers of felt, sheathing paper, nonbituminous saturated felt or other approved material over which a steep-slope roof covering is applied.
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Roof decks shall be covered with approved roof coverings secured to the building or structure in accordance with the provisions of this chapter. Roof coverings shall be designed and installed in accordance with this code and the approved manufacturer's instructions such that the roof covering shall serve to protect the building or structure.
Flashing shall be installed in such a manner so as to prevent moisture entering the wall and roof through joints in copings, through moisture-permeable materials and at intersections with parapet walls and other penetrations through the roof plane.
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Flashing shall be installed at wall and roof intersections, at gutters, wherever there is a change in roof slope or direction and around roof openings. Where flashing is of metal, the metal shall be corrosion resistant with a thickness of not less than 0.019 inch (0.483 mm) (No. 26 galvanized sheet).
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Parapet walls shall be properly coped with noncombustible, weatherproof materials of a width no less than the thickness of the parapet wall.
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Design and installation of roof drainage systems shall comply with Section 1503 and the International Plumbing Code.
Secondary (emergency) roof drains or scuppers shall be provided where the roof perimeter construction extends above the roof in such a manner that water will be entrapped if the primary drains allow buildup for any reason.
When scuppers are used for secondary (emergency overflow) roof drainage, the quantity, size, location and inlet elevation of the scuppers shall be sized to prevent the depth of ponding water from exceeding that for which the roof was designed as determined by Section 1611.1. Scuppers shall not have an opening dimension of less than 4 inches (102 mm). The flow through the primary system shall not be considered when locating and sizing scuppers.
Gutters and leaders placed on the outside of buildings, other than Group R-3, private garages and buildings of Type V construction, shall be of noncombustible material or a minimum of Schedule 40 plastic pipe.
Intake and exhaust vents shall be provided in accordance with Section 1203.2 and the manufacturer's installation instructions.
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A cricket or saddle shall be installed on the ridge side of any chimney or penetration greater than 30 inches (762 mm) wide as measured perpendicular to the slope. Cricket or saddle coverings shall be sheet metal or of the same material as the roof covering.
Roof decks and roof coverings shall be designed for wind loads in accordance with Chapter 16 and Sections 1504.2, 1504.3 and 1504.4.
Asphalt shingles shall comply with Section 1507.2.7.
Roof coverings installed on roofs in accordance with Section 1507 that are mechanically attached or adhered to the roof deck shall be designed to resist the design wind load pressures for components and cladding in accordance with Section 1609.
Roof systems with built-up, modified bitumen, fully adhered or mechanically attached single-ply through fastened metal panel roof systems, and other types of membrane roof coverings shall also be tested in accordance with FM 4474, UL 580 or UL 1897.
Metal panel roof systems through fastened or standing seam shall be tested in accordance with UL 580 or ASTM E 1592.
Exception: Metal roofs constructed of cold-formed steel, where the roof deck acts as the roof covering and provides both weather protection and support for structural loads, shall be permitted to be designed and tested in accordance with the applicable referenced structural design standard in Section 2209.1.
Ballasted low-slope (roof slope < 2:12) single-ply roof system coverings installed in accordance with Sections 1507.12 and 1507.13 shall be designed in accordance with Section 1504.8 and ANSI/SPRI RP-4.
Low-slope membrane roof system metal edge securement, except gutters, shall be designed and installed for wind loads in accordance with Chapter 16 and tested for resistance in accordance with ANSI/SPRI ES-1, except the basic wind speed shall be determined from Figure 1609.
Roof coverings installed on low-slope roofs (roof slope < 2:12) in accordance with Section 1507 shall demonstrate physical integrity over the working life of the roof based upon 2,000 hours of exposure to accelerated weathering tests conducted in accordance with ASTM G 152, ASTM G 155 or ASTM G 154. Those roof coverings that are subject to cyclical flexural response due to wind loads shall not demonstrate any significant loss of tensile strength for unreinforced membranes or breaking strength for reinforced membranes when tested as herein required.
Roof coverings installed on low-slope roofs (roof slope < 2:12) in accordance with Section 1507 shall resist impact damage based on the results of tests conducted in accordance with ASTM D 3746, ASTM D 4272, CGSB 37-GP-52M or the "Resistance to Foot Traffic Test" in Section 5.5 of FM 4470.
Aggregate used as surfacing for roof coverings and aggregate, gravel or stone used as ballast shall not be used on the roof of a building located in a hurricane-prone region as defined in Section 1609.2, or on any other building with a mean roof height exceeding that permitted by Table 1504.8 based on the exposure category and basic wind speed at the site.
| BASIC WIND SPEED FROM FIGURE 1609 (mph)b | MAXIMUM MEAN ROOF HEIGHT (ft)a, c | ||
| Exposure category | |||
| B | C | D | |
| 85 | 170 | 60 | 30 |
| 90 | 110 | 35 | 15 |
| 95 | 75 | 20 | NP |
| 100 | 55 | 15 | NP |
| 105 | 40 | NP | NP |
| 110 | 30 | NP | NP |
| 115 | 20 | NP | NP |
| 120 | 15 | NP | NP |
| Greater than 120 | NP | NP | NP |
- Mean roof height as defined in ASCE 7.
- For intermediate values of basic wind speed, the height associated with the next higher value of wind speed shall be used, or direct interpolation is permitted.
- NP = gravel and stone not permitted for any roof height.
Roof assemblies shall be divided into the classes defined below. Class A, B and C roof assemblies and roof coverings required to be listed by this section shall be tested in accordance with ASTM E 108 or UL 790. In addition, fire-retardant-treated wood roof coverings shall be tested in accordance with ASTM D 2898. The minimum roof coverings installed on buildings shall comply with Table 1505.1 based on the type of construction of the building.
| IA | IB | IIA | IIB | IIIA | IIIB | IV | VA | VB |
| B | B | B | Cc | B | Cc | B | B | Cc |
For SI: 1 foot = 304.8 mm, 1 square foot = 0.0929 m2.
- Unless otherwise required in accordance with the International Wildland-Urban Interface Code or due to the location of the building within a fire district in accordance with Appendix D.
- Nonclassified roof coverings shall be permitted on buildings of Group R-3 and Group U occupancies, where there is a minimum fire-separation distance of 6 feet measured from the leading edge of the roof.
- Buildings that are not more than two stories above grade plane and having not more than 6,000 square feet of projected roof area and where there is a minimum 10-foot fire-separation distance from the leading edge of the roof to a lot line on all sides of the building, except for street fronts or public ways, shall be permitted to have roofs of No. 1 cedar or redwood shakes and No. 1 shingles constructed in accordance with Section 1505.7.
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Class A roof assemblies are those that are effective against severe fire test exposure. Class A roof assemblies and roof coverings shall be listed and identified as Class A by an approved testing agency. Class A roof assemblies shall be permitted for use in buildings or structures of all types of construction.
Exceptions:
- Class A roof assemblies include those with coverings of brick, masonry or an exposed concrete roof deck.
- Class A roof assemblies also include ferrous or copper shingles or sheets, metal sheets and shingles, clay or concrete roof tile or slate installed on noncombustible decks or ferrous, copper or metal sheets installed without a roof deck on noncombustible framing.
Class B roof assemblies are those that are effective against moderate fire-test exposure. Class B roof assemblies and roof coverings shall be listed and identified as Class B by an approved testing agency.
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Class C roof assemblies are those that are effective against light fire-test exposure. Class C roof assemblies and roof coverings shall be listed and identified as Class C by an approved testing agency.
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Nonclassified roofing is approved material that is not listed as a Class A, B or C roof covering.
Fire-retardant-treated wood shakes and shingles shall be treated by impregnation with chemicals by the full-cell vacuum-pressure process, in accordance with AWPA C1. Each bundle shall be marked to identify the manufactured unit and the manufacturer, and shall also be labeled to identify the classification of the material in accordance with the testing required in Section 1505.1, the treating company and the quality control agency.
Special purpose wood shingle or wood shake roofing shall conform with the grading and application requirements of Section 1507.8 or 1507.9. In addition, an underlayment of 5/8-inch (15.9 mm) Type X water-resistant gypsum backing board or gypsum sheathing shall be placed under minimum nominal 1/2-inch-thick (12.7 mm) wood structural panel solid sheathing or 1-inch (25 mm) nominal spaced sheathing.
The requirements set forth in this section shall apply to the application of roof-covering materials specified herein. Roof coverings shall be applied in accordance with this chapter and the manufacturer's installation instructions. Installation of roof coverings shall comply with the applicable provisions of Section 1507.
Roofs and roof coverings shall be of materials that are compatible with each other and with the building or structure to which the materials are applied.
Roof-covering materials shall conform to the applicable standards listed in this chapter. In the absence of applicable standards or where materials are of questionable suitability, testing by an approved agency shall be required by the building code official to determine the character, quality and limitations of application of the materials.
Roof-covering materials shall be delivered in packages bearing the manufacturer's identifying marks and approved testing agency labels required in accordance with Section 1505. Bulk shipments of materials shall be accompanied with the same information issued in the form of a certificate or on a bill of lading by the manufacturer.
Roof coverings shall be applied in accordance with the applicable provisions of this section and the manufacturer's installation instructions.
The installation of asphalt shingles shall comply with the provisions of this section.
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Asphalt shingles shall be fastened to solidly sheathed decks.
Asphalt shingles shall only be used on roof slopes of two units vertical in 12 units horizontal (17-percent slope) or greater. For roof slopes from two units vertical in 12 units horizontal (17-percent slope) up to four units vertical in 12 units horizontal (33-percent slope), double underlayment application is required in accordance with Section 1507.2.8.
Unless otherwise noted, required underlayment shall conform to ASTM D 226, Type I, ASTM D 4869, Type I, or ASTM D 6757.
Self-adhering polymer modified bitumen sheet shall comply with ASTM D 1970.
Asphalt shingles shall comply with ASTM D 225 or ASTM D 3462.
Fasteners for asphalt shingles shall be galvanized, stainless steel, aluminum or copper roofing nails, minimum 12 gage [0.105 inch (2.67 mm)] shank with a minimum 3/8 inch-diameter (9.5 mm) head, of a length to penetrate through the roofing materials and a minimum of 3/4 inch (19.1 mm) into the roof sheathing. Where the roof sheathing is less than 3/4 inch (19.1 mm) thick, the nails shall penetrate through the sheathing. Fasteners shall comply with ASTM F 1667.
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Asphalt shingles shall have the minimum number of fasteners required by the manufacturer, but not less than four fasteners per strip shingle or two fasteners per individual shingle. Where the roof slope exceeds 21 units vertical in 12 units horizontal (21:12), shingles shall be installed as required by the manufacturer.
Asphalt shingles shall be tested in accordance with ASTM D 7158. Asphalt shingles shall meet the classification requirements of Table 1507.2.7.1(1) for the appropriate maximum basic wind speed. Asphalt shingle packaging shall bear a label to indicate compliance with ASTM D 7158 and the required classification in Table 1507.2.7.1(1).
Exception: Asphalt shingles not included in the scope of ASTM D 7158 shall be tested and labeled to indicate compliance with ASTM D 3161 and the required classification in Table 1507.2.7.1(2).
| MAXIMUM BASIC WIND SPEED (mph) FROM FIGURE 1609 | CLASSIFICATION REQUIREMENT |
| 85 | D, G or H |
| 90 | D, G or H |
| 100 | G or H |
| 110 | G or H |
| 120 | G or H |
| 130 | H |
| 140 | H |
| 150 | H |
For SI: 1 foot = 304.8 mm, 1 mile per hour = 0.447 m/s
- The standard calculations contained in ASTM D 7158 assume exposure category B or C and building height of 60 feet (18 288 mm) or less. Additional calculations are required for conditions outside of these assumptions.
| MAXIMUM BASIC WIND SPEED (mph) FROM FIGURE 1609 | CLASSIFICATION REQUIREMENT |
| 85 | A, D or F |
| 90 | A, D or F |
| 100 | A, D or F |
| 110 | F |
| 120 | F |
| 130 | F |
| 140 | F |
| 150 | F |
For SI: 1 mile per hour = 0.447 m/s.
For roof slopes from two units vertical in 12 units horizontal (17-percent slope) and up to four units vertical in 12 units horizontal (33-percent slope), underlayment shall be two layers applied in the following manner. Apply a minimum 19-inch-wide (483 mm) strip of underlayment felt parallel with and starting at the eaves, fastened sufficiently to hold in place. Starting at the eave, apply 36-inch-wide (914 mm) sheets of underlayment overlapping successive sheets 19 inches (483 mm), by fastened sufficiently to hold in place. Distortions in the underlayment shall not interfere with the ability of the shingles to seal. For roof slopes of four units vertical in 12 units horizontal (33-percent slope) or greater, underlayment shall be one layer applied in the following manner. Underlayment shall be applied shingle fashion, parallel to and starting from the eave and lapped 2 inches (51 mm), fastened sufficiently to hold in place. Distortions in the underlayment shall not interfere with the ability of the shingles to seal.
Underlayment applied in areas subject to high winds [greater than 110 mph (49.2 m/s) in accordance with Figure 1609] shall be applied with corrosion-resistant fasteners in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions. Fasteners are to be applied along the overlap at a maximum spacing of 36 inches (914 mm) on center.
In areas where there has been a history of ice forming along the eaves causing a backup of water, an ice barrier that consists of at least two layers of underlayment cemented together or of a self-adhering polymer modified bitumen sheet shall be used in lieu of normal underlayment and extend from the lowest edges of all roof surfaces to a point at least 24 inches (610 mm) inside the exterior wall line of the building.
Exception: Detached accessory structures that contain no conditioned floor area.
Flashing for asphalt shingles shall comply with this section. Flashing shall be applied in accordance with this section and the asphalt shingle manufacturer's printed instructions.
Base and cap flashing shall be installed in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions. Base flashing shall be of either corrosion-resistant metal of minimum nominal 0.019-inch (0.483 mm) thickness or mineral-surfaced roll roofing weighing a minimum of 77 pounds per 100 square feet (3.76 kg/m2). Cap flashing shall be corrosion-resistant metal of minimum nominal 0.019-inch (0.483 mm) thickness.
Valley linings shall be installed in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions before applying shingles. Valley linings of the following types shall be permitted:
For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 pound = 0.454 kg, 1 ounce = 28.35 g, 1 ounce per square foot = 305.15 g/m2.
- For open valleys (valley lining exposed) lined with metal, the valley lining shall be at least 24 inches (610 mm) wide and of any of the corrosion-resistant metals in Table 1507.2.9.2.
- For open valleys, valley lining of two plies of mineral-surfaced roll roofing complying with ASTM D 3909 or ASTM D 6380 shall be permitted. The bottom layer shall be 18 inches (457 mm) and the top layer a minimum of 36 inches (914 mm) wide.
- For closed valleys (valleys covered with shingles), valley lining of one ply of smooth roll roofing complying with ASTM D 6380, and at least 36 inches (914 mm) wide or types as described in Item 1 or 2 above shall be permitted. Self-adhering polymer modified bitumen underlayment complying with ASTM D 1970 shall be permitted in lieu of the lining material.
| MATERIAL | MINIMUM THICKNESS | GAGE | WEIGHT |
| Aluminum | 0.024 in. | — | — |
| Cold-rolled copper | 0.0216 in. | — | ASTM B 370, 16 oz. per square ft. |
| Copper | — | — | 16 oz |
| Galvanized steel | 0.0179 in. | 26 (zinc-coated G90) | — |
| High-yield copper | 0.0162 in. | — | ASTM B 370, 12 oz. per square ft. |
| Lead | — | — | 2.5 pounds |
| Lead-coated copper | 0.0216 in. | — | ASTM B 101, 16 oz. per square ft. |
| Lead-coated high-yield copper | 0.0162 in. | — | ASTM B 101, 12 oz. per square ft. |
| Painted terne | — | — | 20 pounds |
| Stainless steel | — | 28 | — |
| Zinc alloy | 0.027 in. | — | — |
Provide drip edge at eaves and gables of shingle roofs. Overlap to be a minimum of 2 inches (51 mm). Eave drip edges shall extend 1/4 inch (6.4 mm) below sheathing and extend back on the roof a minimum of 2 inches (51 mm). Drip edge shall be mechanically fastened a maximum of 12 inches (305 mm) o.c.
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Clay and concrete roof tile shall be installed on roof slopes of 21/2 units vertical in 12 units horizontal (21-percent slope) or greater. For roof slopes from 21/2 units vertical in 12 units horizontal (21-percent slope) to four units vertical in 12 units horizontal (33-percent slope), double underlayment application is required in accordance with Section 1507.3.3.
Unless otherwise noted, required underlayment shall conform to: ASTM D 226, Type II; ASTM D 2626 or ASTM D 6380, Class M mineral-surfaced roll roofing.
For roof slopes from 21/2 units vertical in 12 units horizontal (21-percent slope), up to four units vertical in 12 units horizontal (33-percent slope), underlayment shall be a minimum of two layers applied as follows:
- Starting at the eave, a 19-inch (483 mm) strip of underlayment shall be applied parallel with the eave and fastened sufficiently in place.
- Starting at the eave, 36-inch-wide (914 mm) strips of underlayment felt shall be applied overlapping successive sheets 19 inches (483 mm) and fastened sufficiently in place.
For roof slopes of four units vertical in 12 units horizontal (33-percent slope) or greater, underlayment shall be a minimum of one layer of underlayment felt applied shingle fashion, parallel to, and starting from the eaves and lapped 2 inches (51 mm), fastened only as necessary to hold in place.
Tile fasteners shall be corrosion resistant and not less than 11 gage, 5/16-inch (8.0 mm) head, and of sufficient length to penetrate the deck a minimum of 3/4 inch (19.1 mm) or through the thickness of the deck, whichever is less. Attaching wire for clay or concrete tile shall not be smaller than 0.083 inch (2.1 mm). Perimeter fastening areas include three tile courses but not less than 36 inches (914 mm) from either side of hips or ridges and edges of eaves and gable rakes.
Clay and concrete roof tiles shall be fastened in accordance with Table 1507.3.7.
For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 foot = 304.8 mm, 1 mile per hour = 0.447 m/s, 1 pound per square foot = 4.882 kg/m2.
| GENERAL — CLAY OR CONCRETE ROOF TILE | ||||
| Maximum basic wind speed (mph) |
Mean roof height (feet) |
Roof slope up to < 3:12 | Roof slope 3:12 and over | |
| 85 | 0-60 | One fastener per tile. Flat tile without vertical laps, two fasteners per tile. | Two fasteners per tile. Only one fastener on slopes of 7:12 and less for tiles with installed weight exceeding 7.5 lbs./sq. ft. having a width no greater than 16 inches. | |
| 100 | 0-40 | |||
| 100 | > 40-60 | The head of all tiles shall be nailed. The nose of all eave tiles shall be fastened with approved clips. All rake tiles shall be nailed with two nails. The nose of all ridge, hip and rake tiles shall be set in a bead of roofer's mastic. | ||
| 110 | 0-60 | The fastening system shall resist the wind forces in Section 1609.5.3. | ||
| 120 | 0-60 | The fastening system shall resist the wind forces in Section 1609.5.3. | ||
| 130 | 0-60 | The fastening system shall resist the wind forces in Section 1609.5.3. | ||
| All | > 60 | The fastening system shall resist the wind forces in Section 1609.5.3. | ||
| INTERLOCKING CLAY OR CONCRETE ROOF TILE WITH PROJECTING ANCHOR LUGSd, e (Installations on spaced/solid sheathing with battens or spaced sheathing) |
||||
| Maximum basic wind speed (mph) |
Mean roof height (feet) |
Roof slope up to < 5:12 | Roof slope 5:12 < 12:12 | Roof slope 12:12 and over |
| 85 | 0-60 | Fasteners are not required. Tiles with installed weight less than 9 lbs./sq. ft. require a minimum of one fastener per tile. | One fastener per tile every other row. All perimeter tiles require one fastener. Tiles with installed weight less than 9 lbs./sq. ft. require a minimum of one fastener per tile. | One fastener required for every tile. Tiles with installed weight less than 9 lbs./sq. ft. require a minimum of one fastener per tile. |
| 100 | 0-40 | |||
| 100 | > 40-60 | The head of all tiles shall be nailed. The nose of all eave tiles shall be fastened with approved clips. All rake tiles shall be nailed with two nails The nose of all ridge, hip and rake tiles shall be set in a bead of roofers's mastic. | ||
| 110 | 0-60 | The fastening system shall resist the wind forces in Section 1609.5.3. | ||
| 120 | 0-60 | The fastening system shall resist the wind forces in Section 1609.5.3. | ||
| 130 | 0-60 | The fastening system shall resist the wind forces in Section 1609.5.3. | ||
| All | > 60 | The fastening system shall resist the wind forces in Section 1609.5.3. | ||
| INTERLOCKING CLAY OR CONCRETE ROOF TILE WITH PROJECTING ANCHOR LUGS (Installations on solid sheathing without battens) |
||||
| Maximum basic wind speed (mph) |
Mean roof height (feet) |
All roof slopes | ||
| 85 | 0-60 | One fastener per tile. | ||
| 100 | 0-40 | One fastener per tile. | ||
| 100 | > 40-60 | The head of all tiles shall be nailed. The nose of all eave tiles shall be fastened with approved clips. All rake tiles shall be nailed with two nails The nose of all ridge, hip and rake tiles shall be set in a bead of roofer's mastic. | ||
| 110 | 0-60 | The fastening system shall resist the wind forces in Section 1609.5.3. | ||
| 120 | 0-60 | The fastening system shall resist the wind forces in Section 1609.5.3. | ||
| 130 | 0-60 | The fastening system shall resist the wind forces in Section 1609.5.3. | ||
| All | > 60 | The fastening system shall resist the wind forces in Section 1609.5.3. | ||
- Minimum fastener size. Corrosion-resistant nails not less than No. 11 gage with 5/16-inch head. Fasteners shall be long enough to penetrate into the sheathing 3/4 inch or through the thickness of the sheathing, whichever is less. Attaching wire for clay and concrete tile shall not be smaller than 0.083 inch.
- Snow areas. A minimum of two fasteners per tile are required or battens and one fastener.
- Roof slopes greater than 24:12. The nose of all tiles shall be securely fastened.
- Horizontal battens. Battens shall be not less than 1 inch by 2 inch nominal. Provisions shall be made for drainage by a minimum of 1/8-inch riser at each nail or by 4-foot-long battens with at least a 1/2-inch separation between battens. Horizontal battens are required for slopes over 7:12.
- Perimeter fastening areas include three tile courses but not less than 36 inches from either side of hips or ridges and edges of eaves and gable rakes.
Tile shall be applied according to the manufacturer's installation instructions, based on the following:
- Climatic conditions.
- Roof slope.
- Underlayment system.
- Type of tile being installed.
At the juncture of the roof vertical surfaces, flashing and counterflashing shall be provided in accordance with the manufacturer's installation instructions, and where of metal, shall not be less than 0.019-inch (0.48 mm) (No. 26 galvanized sheet gage) corrosion-resistant metal. The valley flashing shall extend at least 11 inches (279 mm) from the centerline each way and have a splash diverter rib not less than 1 inch (25 mm) high at the flow line formed as part of the flashing. Sections of flashing shall have an end lap of not less than 4 inches (102 mm). For roof slopes of three units vertical in 12 units horizontal (25-percent slope) and over, the valley flashing shall have a 36-inch-wide (914 mm) underlayment of either one layer of Type I underlayment running the full length of the valley, or a self-adhering polymer-modified bitumen sheet complying with ASTM D 1970, in addition to other required underlayment. In areas where the average daily temperature in January is 25°F (-4°C) or less or where there is a possibility of ice forming along the eaves causing a backup of water, the metal valley flashing underlayment shall be solid cemented to the roofing underlayment for slopes under seven units vertical in 12 units horizontal (58-percent slope) or self-adhering polymer-modified bitumen sheet shall be installed.
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The installation of metal roof panels shall comply with the provisions of this section.
Metal roof panel roof coverings shall be applied to a solid or closely fitted deck, except where the roof covering is specifically designed to be applied to spaced supports.
Minimum slopes for metal roof panels shall comply with the following:
- The minimum slope for lapped, nonsoldered seam metal roofs without applied lap sealant shall be three units vertical in 12 units horizontal (25-percent slope).
- The minimum slope for lapped, nonsoldered seam metal roofs with applied lap sealant shall be one-half unit vertical in 12 units horizontal (4-percent slope). Lap sealants shall be applied in accordance with the approved manufacturer's installation instructions.
- The minimum slope for standing seam of roof systems shall be one-quarter unit vertical in 12 units horizontal (2-percent slope).
Metal-sheet roof covering systems that incorporate supporting structural members shall be designed in accordance with Chapter 22. Metal-sheet roof coverings installed over structural decking shall comply with Table 1507.4.3(1). The materials used for metal-sheet roof coverings shall be naturally corrosion resistant or provided with corrosion resistance in accordance with the standards and minimum thicknesses shown in Table 1507.4.3(2).
| ROOF COVERING TYPE | STANDARD APPLICATION RATE/THICKNESS |
| Aluminum | ASTM B 209, 0.024 inch minimum thickness for roll-formed panels and 0.019 inch minimum thickness for press-formed shingles. |
| Aluminum-zinc alloy coated steel | ASTM A 792 AZ 50 |
| Cold-rolled copper | ASTM B 370 minimum 16 oz./sq. ft. and 12 oz./sq. ft. high yield copper for metal-sheet roof covering systems: 12 oz/sq. ft. for preformed metal shingle systems. |
| Copper | 16 oz./sq. ft. for metal-sheet roof-covering systems; 12 oz./sq. ft. for preformed metal shingle systems. |
| Galvanized steel | ASTM A 653 G-90 zinc-coateda. |
| Hard lead | 2 lbs./sq. ft. |
| Lead-coated copper | ASTM B 101 |
| Prepainted steel | ASTM A 755 |
| Soft lead | 3 lbs./sq. ft. |
| Stainless steel | ASTM A 240, 300 Series Alloys |
| Steel | ASTM A 924 |
| Terne and terne-coated stainless | Terne coating of 40 lbs. per double base box, field painted where applicable in accordance with manufacturer's installation instructions. |
| Zinc | 0.027 inch minimum thickness; 99.995% electrolytic high grade zinc with alloy additives of copper (0.08% - 0.20%), titanium (0.07% - 0.12%) and aluminum (0.015%). |
1 pound per square foot = 4.882 kg/m2,
1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 pound = 0.454 kg.
- For Group U buildings, the minimum coating thickness for ASTM A 653 galvanized steel roofing shall be G-60.
| 55% Aluminum-zinc alloy coated steel | ASTM A 792 AZ 50 |
| 5% Aluminum alloy-coated steel | ASTM A 875 GF60 |
| Aluminum-coated steel | ASTM A 463 T2 65 |
| Galvanized steel | ASTM A 653 G-90 |
| Prepainted steel | ASTM A 755a |
- Paint systems in accordance with ASTM A 755 shall be applied over steel products with corrosion resistant coatings complying with ASTM A 463, ASTM A 653, ASTM A 792 or ASTM A 875.
Metal roof panels shall be secured to the supports in accordance with the approved manufacturer's fasteners. In the absence of manufacturer recommendations, the following fasteners shall be used:
- Galvanized fasteners shall be used for steel roofs.
- Copper, brass, bronze, copper alloy or 300 series stainless-steel fasteners shall be used for copper roofs.
- Stainless-steel fasteners are acceptable for all types of metal roofs.
The installation of metal roof shingles shall comply with the provisions of this section.
Metal roof shingles shall be applied to a solid or closely fitted deck, except where the roof covering is specifically designed to be applied to spaced sheathing.
Metal roof shingles shall not be installed on roof slopes below three units vertical in 12 units horizontal (25-percent slope).
Underlayment shall comply with ASTM D 226, Type I or ASTM D 4869.
In areas where there has been a history of ice forming along the eaves causing a backup of water, an ice barrier that consists of at least two layers of underlayment cemented together or of a self-adhering polymer-modified bitumen sheet shall be used in lieu of normal underlayment and extend from the lowest edges of all roof surfaces to a point at least 24 inches (610 mm) inside the exterior wall line of the building.
Exception: Detached accessory structures that contain no conditioned floor area.
Metal roof shingle roof coverings shall comply with Table 1507.4.3(1). The materials used for metal-roof shingle roof coverings shall be naturally corrosion resistant or provided with corrosion resistance in accordance with the standards and minimum thicknesses specified in the standards listed in Table 1507.4.3(2).
Metal roof shingles shall be secured to the roof in accordance with the approved manufacturer's installation instructions.
Roof valley flashing shall be of corrosion-resistant metal of the same material as the roof covering or shall comply with the standards in Table 1507.4.3(1). The valley flashing shall extend at least 8 inches (203 mm) from the centerline each way and shall have a splash diverter rib not less than 3/4 inch (19.1 mm) high at the flow line formed as part of the flashing. Sections of flashing shall have an end lap of not less than 4 inches (102 mm). In areas where the average daily temperature in January is 25°F (-4°C) or less or where there is a possibility of ice forming along the eaves causing a backup of water, the metal valley flashing shall have a 36-inch-wide (914 mm) underlayment directly under it consisting of either one layer of underlayment running the full length of the valley or a self-adhering polymer-modified bitumen sheet complying with ASTM D 1970, in addition to underlayment required for metal roof shingles. The metal valley flashing underlayment shall be solidly cemented to the roofing underlayment for roof slopes under seven units vertical in 12 units horizontal (58-percent slope) or self-adhering polymer-modified bitumen sheet shall be installed.
The installation of mineral-surfaced roll roofing shall comply with this section.
Mineral-surfaced roll roofing shall be fastened to solidly sheathed roofs.
Mineral-surfaced roll roofing shall not be applied on roof slopes below one unit vertical in 12 units horizontal (8-percent slope).
Underlayment shall comply with ASTM D 226, Type I or ASTM D 4869.
In areas where there has been a history of ice forming along the eaves causing a backup of water, an ice barrier that consists of at least two layers of underlayment cemented together or of a self-adhering polymer-modified bitumen sheet shall be used in lieu of normal underlayment and extend from the lowest edges of all roof surfaces to a point at least 24 inches (610 mm) inside the exterior wall line of the building.
Exception: Detached accessory structures that contain no conditioned floor area.
Mineral-surfaced roll roofing shall conform to ASTM D 3909 or ASTM D 6380.
The installation of slate shingles shall comply with the provisions of this section.
Slate shingles shall be fastened to solidly sheathed roofs.
Slate shingles shall only be used on slopes of four units vertical in 12 units horizontal (4:12) or greater.
Underlayment shall comply with ASTM D 226, Type I or ASTM D 4869.
In areas where the average daily temperature in January is 25°F (-4°C) or less or where there is a possibility of ice forming along the eaves causing a backup of water, an ice barrier that consists of at least two layers of underlayment cemented together or of a self-adhering polymer-modified bitumen sheet shall extend from the lowest edges of all roof surfaces to a point at least 24 inches (610 mm) inside the exterior wall line of the building.
Exception: Detached accessory structures that contain no conditioned floor area.
Slate shingles shall comply with ASTM C 406.
Minimum headlap for slate shingles shall be in accordance with Table 1507.7.6. Slate shingles shall be secured to the roof with two fasteners per slate.
For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm.
| SLOPE |
HEADLAP (inches) |
| 4:12 < slope < 8:12 | 4 |
| 8:12 < slope < 20:12 | 3 |
| slope ≥ 20:12 | 2 |
Flashing and counterflashing shall be made with sheet metal. Valley flashing shall be a minimum of 15 inches (381 mm) wide. Valley and flashing metal shall be a minimum uncoated thickness of 0.0179-inch (0.455 mm) zinc-coated G90. Chimneys, stucco or brick walls shall have a minimum of two plies of felt for a cap flashing consisting of a 4-inch-wide (102 mm) strip of felt set in plastic cement and extending 1 inch (25 mm) above the first felt and a top coating of plastic cement. The felt shall extend over the base flashing 2 inches (51 mm).
The installation of wood shingles shall comply with the provisions of this section and Table 1507.8.
For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, °C = [(°F) - 32]/1.8.
| ROOF ITEM | WOOD SHINGLES | WOOD SHAKES |
| 1. Roof slope | Wood shingles shall be installed on slopes of three units vertical in 12 units horizontal (3:12) or greater. | Wood shakes shall be installed on slopes of four units vertical in 12 units horizontal (4:12) or greater. |
| 2. Deck requirement | ||
| Temperate climate | Shingles shall be applied to roofs with solid or spaced sheathing. Where spaced sheathing is used, sheathing boards shall not be less than 1" × 4" nominal dimensions and shall be spaced on center equal to the weather exposure to coincide with the placement of fasteners. | Shakes shall be applied to roofs with solid or spaced sheathing.Where spaced sheathing is used, sheathing boards shall not be less than 1" × 4" nominal dimensions and shall be spaced on center equal to the weather exposure to coincide with the placement of fasteners. When 1" × 4" spaced sheathing is installed at 10 inches, boards must be installed between the sheathing boards. |
| In areas where the average daily temperature in January is 25°F or less or where there is a possibility of ice forming along the eaves causing a backup of water. | Solid sheathing required. | Solid sheathing is required. |
| 3. Interlayment | No requirements. | Interlayment shall comply with ASTM D 226, Type 1. |
| 4. Underlayment | ||
| Temperate climate | Underlayment shall comply with ASTM D 226, Type 1. | Underlayment shall comply with ASTM D 226, Type 1. |
| In areas where there is a possibility of ice forming along the eaves causing a backup of water. | An ice barrier that consists of at least two layers of underlayment cemented together or of a self-adhering polymer-modified bitumen sheet shall extend from the eave's edge to a point at least 24 inches inside the exterior wall line of the building. | An ice barrier that consists of at least two layers of underlayment cemented together or of a self-adhering polymer-modified bitumen sheet shall extend from the lowest edges of all roof surfaces to a point at least 24 inches inside the exterior wall line of the building. |
| 5. Application | ||
| Attachment | Fasteners for wood shingles shall be hot- dipped galvanized or Type 304 (Type 316 for coastal areas) stainless steel with a minimum penetration of 0.75 inch into the sheathing. For sheathing less than 0.5 inch thick, the fasteners shall extend through the sheathing. | Fasteners for wood shakes shall be hot-dipped galvanized or Type 304 (Type 316 for coastal areas) with a minimum penetration of 0.75 inch into the sheathing. For sheathing less than 0.5 inch thick, the fasteners shall extend through the sheathing. |
| No. of fasteners | Two per shingle. | Two per shake. |
| Exposure | Weather exposures shall not exceed those set forth in Table 1507.8.7. | Weather exposures shall not exceed those set forth in Table 1507.9.8. |
| Method | Shingles shall be laid with a side lap of not less than 1.5 inches between joints in courses, and no two joints in any three adjacent courses shall be in direct alignment. Spacing between shingles shall be 0.25 to 0.375 inch. | Shakes shall be laid with a side lap of not less than 1.5 inches between joints in adjacent courses. Spacing between shakes shall not be less than 0.375 inch or more than 0.625 inch for shakes and taper sawn shakes of naturally durable wood and shall be 0.25 to 0.375 inch for preservative-treated taper sawn shakes. |
| Flashing | In accordance with Section 1507.8.8. | In accordance with Section 1507.9.9. |
Wood shingles shall be installed on solid or spaced sheathing. Where spaced sheathing is used, sheathing boards shall not be less than 1-inch by 4-inch (25 mm by 102 mm) nominal dimensions and shall be spaced on centers equal to the weather exposure to coincide with the placement of fasteners.
Solid sheathing is required in areas where the average daily temperature in January is 25°F (-4°C) or less or where there is a possibility of ice forming along the eaves causing a backup of water.
Wood shingles shall be installed on slopes of three units vertical in 12 units horizontal (25-percent slope) or greater.
Underlayment shall comply with ASTM D 226, Type I or ASTM D 4869.
In areas where there has been a history of ice forming along the eaves causing a backup of water, an ice barrier that consists of at least two layers of underlayment cemented together or of a self-adhering polymer-modified bitumen sheet shall be used in lieu of normal underlayment and extend from the lowest edges of all roof surfaces to a point at least 24 inches (610 mm) inside the exterior wall line of the building.
Exception: Detached accessory structures that contain no conditioned floor area.
Wood shingles shall be of naturally durable wood and comply with the requirements of Table 1507.8.5.
| MATERIAL | APPLICABLE MINIMUM GRADES | GRADING RULES |
| Wood shingles of naturally durable wood | 1, 2 or 3 | CSSB |
Fasteners for wood shingles shall be corrosion resistant with a minimum penetration of 3/4 inch (19.1 mm) into the sheathing. For sheathing less than 1/2 inch (12.7 mm) in thickness, the fasteners shall extend through the sheathing. Each shingle shall be attached with a minimum of two fasteners.
Wood shingles shall be laid with a side lap not less than 11/2 inches (38 mm) between joints in adjacent courses, and not be in direct alignment in alternate courses. Spacing between shingles shall be 1/4 to 3/8 inches (6.4 to 9.5 mm). Weather exposure for wood shingles shall not exceed that set in Table 1507.8.7.
For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm.
| ROOFING MATERIAL | LENGTH (inches) |
GRADE | EXPOSURE (inches) | |
| 3:12 pitch to < 4:12 | 4:12 pitch or steeper | |||
| Shingles of naturally durable wood | 16 | No. 1 | 3.75 | 5 |
| No. 2 | 3.5 | 4 | ||
| No. 3 | 3 | 3.5 | ||
| 18 | No. 1 | 4.25 | 5.5 | |
| No. 2 | 4 | 4.5 | ||
| No. 3 | 3.5 | 4 | ||
| 24 | No. 1 | 5.75 | 7.5 | |
| No. 2 | 5.5 | 6.5 | ||
| No. 3 | 5 | 5.5 | ||
At the juncture of the roof and vertical surfaces, flashing and counterflashing shall be provided in accordance with the manufacturer's installation instructions, and where of metal, shall not be less than 0.019-inch (0.48 mm) (No. 26 galvanized sheet gage) corrosion-resistant metal. The valley flashing shall extend at least 11 inches (279 mm) from the centerline each way and have a splash diverter rib not less than 1 inch (25 mm) high at the flow line formed as part of the flashing. Sections of flashing shall have an end lap of not less than 4 inches (102 mm). For roof slopes of three units vertical in 12 units horizontal (25-percent slope) and over, the valley flashing shall have a 36-inch-wide (914 mm) underlayment of either one layer of Type I underlayment running the full length of the valley or a self-adhering polymer-modified bitumen sheet complying with ASTM D 1970, in addition to other required underlayment. In areas where the average daily temperature in January is 25°F (-4°C) or less or where there is a possibility of ice forming along the eaves causing a backup of water, the metal valley flashing underlayment shall be solidly cemented to the roofing underlayment for slopes under seven units vertical in 12 units horizontal (58-percent slope) or self-adhering polymer-modified bitumen sheet shall be installed.
The installation of wood shakes shall comply with the provisions of this section and Table 1507.8.
Wood shakes shall only be used on solid or spaced sheathing. Where spaced sheathing is used, sheathing boards shall not be less than 1-inch by 4-inch (25 mm by 102 mm) nominal dimensions and shall be spaced on centers equal to the weather exposure to coincide with the placement of fasteners. Where 1-inch by 4-inch (25 mm by 102 mm) spaced sheathing is installed at 10 inches (254 mm) o.c., additional 1-inch by 4-inch (25 mm by 102 mm) boards shall be installed between the sheathing boards.
Solid sheathing is required in areas where the average daily temperature in January is 25°F (-4°C) or less or where there is a possibility of ice forming along the eaves causing a backup of water.
Wood shakes shall only be used on slopes of four units vertical in 12 units horizontal (33-percent slope) or greater.
Underlayment shall comply with ASTM D 226, Type I or ASTM D 4869.
In areas where there has been a history of ice forming along the eaves causing a backup of water, an ice barrier that consists of at least two layers of underlayment cemented together or of a self-adhering polymer-modified bitumen sheet shall be used in lieu of normal underlayment and extend from the lowest edges of all roof surfaces to a point at least 24 inches (610 mm) inside the exterior wall line of the building.
Exception: Detached accessory structures that contain no conditioned floor area.
Interlayment shall comply with ASTM D 226, Type I.
Wood shakes shall comply with the requirements of Table 1507.9.6.
| MATERIAL | MINIMUM GRADES | APPLICABLE GRADING RULES |
| Wood shakes of naturally durable wood | 1 | CSSB |
| Taper sawn shakes of naturally durable wood | 1 or 2 | CSSB |
| Preservative-treated shakes and shingles of naturally durable wood | 1 | CSSB |
| Fire-retardant-treated shakes and shingles of naturally durable wood | 1 | CSSB |
| Preservative-treated taper sawn shakes of Southern pine treated in accordance with AWPA U1 (Commodity Specification A, Use Category 3B and Section 5.6) | 1 or 2 | TFS |
CSSB = Cedar Shake and Shingle Bureau.
TFS = Forest Products Laboratory of the Texas Forest Services.
TFS = Forest Products Laboratory of the Texas Forest Services.
Fasteners for wood shakes shall be corrosion resistant with a minimum penetration of 3/4 inch (19.1 mm) into the sheathing. For sheathing less than 1/2 inch (12.7 mm) in thickness, the fasteners shall extend through the sheathing. Each shake shall be attached with a minimum of two fasteners.
Wood shakes shall be laid with a side lap not less than 11/2 inches (38 mm) between joints in adjacent courses. Spacing between shakes in the same course shall be 3/8 to 5/8 inches (9.5 to 15.9 mm) for shakes and taper sawn shakes of naturally durable wood and shall be 1/4 to 3/8 inch (6.4 to 9.5 mm) for preservative taper sawn shakes. Weather exposure for wood shakes shall not exceed those set in Table 1507.9.8.
For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm.
| ROOFING MATERIAL | LENGTH (inches) |
GRADE | EXPOSURE (inches) 4:12 PITCH OR STEEPER |
| Shakes of naturally durable wood | 18 | No. 1 | 7.5 |
| 24 | No. 1 | 10a | |
| Preservative-treated taper sawn shakes of Southern yellow pine | 18 | No. 1 | 7.5 |
| 24 | No. 1 | 10 | |
| 18 | No. 2 | 5.5 | |
| 24 | No. 2 | 7.5 | |
| Taper sawn shakes of naturally durable wood | 18 | No. 1 | 7.5 |
| 24 | No. 1 | 10 | |
| 18 | No. 2 | 5.5 | |
| 24 | No. 2 | 7.5 |
- For 24-inch by 0.375-inch handsplit shakes, the maximum exposure is 7.5 inches.
At the juncture of the roof and vertical surfaces, flashing and counterflashing shall be provided in accordance with the manufacturer's installation instructions, and where of metal, shall not be less than 0.019-inch (0.48 mm) (No. 26 galvanized sheet gage) corrosion-resistant metal. The valley flashing shall extend at least 11 inches (279 mm) from the centerline each way and have a splash diverter rib not less than 1 inch (25 mm) high at the flow line formed as part of the flashing. Sections of flashing shall have an end lap of not less than 4 inches (102 mm). For roof slopes of three units vertical in 12 units horizontal (25-percent slope) and over, the valley flashing shall have a 36-inch-wide (914 mm) underlayment of either one layer of Type I underlayment running the full length of the valley or a self-adhering polymer-modified bitumen sheet complying with ASTM D 1970, in addition to other required underlayment. In areas where the average daily temperature in January is 25°F (-4°C) or less or where there is a possibility of ice forming along the eaves causing a backup of water, the metal valley flashing underlayment shall be solidly cemented to the roofing underlayment for slopes under seven units vertical in 12 units horizontal (58-percent slope) or self-adhering polymer-modified bitumen sheet shall be installed.
The installation of built-up roofs shall comply with the provisions of this section.
Built-up roofs shall have a design slope of a minimum of one-fourth unit vertical in 12 units horizontal (2-percent slope) for drainage, except for coal-tar built-up roofs that shall have a design slope of a minimum one-eighth unit vertical in 12 units horizontal (1-percent slope).
Built-up roof covering materials shall comply with the standards in Table 1507.10.2.
| MATERIAL STANDARD | STANDARD |
| Acrylic coatings used in roofing | ASTM D 6083 |
| Aggregate surfacing | ASTM D 1863 |
| Asphalt adhesive used in roofing | ASTM D 3747 |
| Asphalt cements used in roofing | ASTM D 3019; D 2822; D 4586 |
| Asphalt-coated glass fiber base sheet | ASTM D 4601 |
| Asphalt coatings used in roofing | ASTM D1227; D 2823; D 4479 |
| Asphalt glass felt | ASTM D 2178 |
| Asphalt primer used in roofing | ASTM D 41 |
| Asphalt-saturated and asphalt-coated organic felt base sheet | ASTM D 2626 |
| Asphalt-saturated organic felt (perforated) | ASTM D 226 |
| Asphalt used in roofing | ASTM D 312 |
| Coal-tar cements used in roofing | ASTM D 4022; D 5643 |
| Coal-tar saturated organic felt | ASTM D 227 |
| Coal-tar pitch used in roofing | ASTM D 450; Type I or II |
| Coal-tar primer used in roofing, dampproofing and waterproofing | ASTM D 43 |
| Glass mat, coal tar | ASTM D 4990 |
| Glass mat, venting type | ASTM D 4897 |
| Mineral-surfaced inorganic cap sheet | ASTM D 3909 |
| Thermoplastic fabrics used in roofing | ASTM D 5665, D 5726 |
The installation of modified bitumen roofing shall comply with the provisions of this section.
Modified bitumen membrane roofs shall have a design slope of a minimum of one-fourth unit vertical in 12 units horizontal (2-percent slope) for drainage.
Modified bitumen roof coverings shall comply with CGSB 37-GP-56M, ASTM D 6162, ASTM D 6163, ASTM D 6164, ASTM D 6222, ASTM D 6223, ASTM D 6298 or ASTM D 6509.
The installation of thermoset single-ply roofing shall comply with the provisions of this section.
Thermoset single-ply membrane roofs shall have a design slope of a minimum of one-fourth unit vertical in 12 units horizontal (2-percent slope) for drainage.
Thermoset single-ply roof coverings shall comply with ASTM D 4637, ASTM D 5019 or CGSB 37-GP-52M.
Ballasted thermoset low-slope roofs (roof slope < 2:12) shall be installed in accordance with this section and Section 1504.4. Stone used as ballast shall comply with ASTM D 448.
The installation of thermoplastic single-ply roofing shall comply with the provisions of this section.
Thermoplastic single-ply membrane roofs shall have a design slope of a minimum of one-fourth unit vertical in 12 units horizontal (2-percent slope).
Thermoplastic single-ply roof coverings shall comply with ASTM D 4434, ASTM D 6754, ASTM D 6878 or CGSB CAN/CGSB 37-54.
Ballasted thermoplastic low-slope roofs (roof slope < 2:12) shall be installed in accordance with this section and Section 1504.4. Stone used as ballast shall comply with ASTM D448.
The installation of sprayed polyurethane foam roofing shall comply with the provisions of this section.
Sprayed polyurethane foam roofs shall have a design slope of a minimum of one-fourth unit vertical in 12 units horizontal (2-percent slope) for drainage.
Spray-applied polyurethane foam insulation shall comply with Type III or IV as defined in ASTM C 1029.
Foamed-in-place roof insulation shall be installed in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions. A liquid-applied protective coating that complies with Section 1507.15 shall be applied no less than 2 hours nor more than 72 hours following the application of the foam.
Foam plastic materials and installation shall comply with Chapter 26.
The installation of liquid-applied coatings shall comply with the provisions of this section.
Liquid-applied roofs shall have a design slope of a minimum of one-fourth unit vertical in 12 units horizontal (2-percent slope).
Liquid-applied roof coatings shall comply with ASTM C 836, ASTM C 957, ASTM D 1227 or ASTM D 3468, ASTM D 6083, ASTM D 6694 or ASTM D 6947.
Roof gardens and landscaped roofs shall comply with the requirements of this chapter and Sections 1607.11.2.2 and 1607.11.3.
The use of above-deck thermal insulation shall be permitted provided such insulation is covered with an approved roof covering and passes the tests of FM 4450 or UL 1256 when tested as an assembly.
Exceptions:
- Foam plastic roof insulation shall conform to the material and installation requirements of Chapter 26.
- Where a concrete roof deck is used and the above-deck thermal insulation is covered with an approved roof covering.
Cellulosic fiberboard roof insulation shall conform to the material and installation requirements of Chapter 23.
Above-deck thermal insulation board shall comply with the standards in Table 1508.2.
| Cellular glass board | ASTM C 552 |
| Composite boards | ASTM C 1289, Type III, IV, V or VI |
| Expanded polystyrene | ASTM C 578 |
| Extruded polystyrene board | ASTM C 578 |
| Perlite board | ASTM C 728 |
| Polyisocyanurate board | ASTM C 1289, Type I or Type II |
| Wood fiberboard | ASTM C 208 |
Upcodes Diagrams
The provisions of this section shall govern the construction of rooftop structures.
A penthouse or penthouses in compliance with Sections 1509.2.1 through 1509.2.4 shall be considered as a portion of the story below.
A penthouse or other projection above the roof in structures of other than Type I construction shall not exceed 28 feet (8534 mm) above the roof where used as an enclosure for tanks or for elevators that run to the roof and in all other cases shall not extend more than 18 feet (5486 mm) above the roof.
The aggregate area of penthouses and other rooftop structures shall not exceed one-third the area of the supporting roof. Such penthouses shall not contribute to either the building area or number of stories as regulated by Section 503.1. The area of the penthouse shall not be included in determining the fire area defined in Section 902.
A penthouse, bulkhead or any other similar projection above the roof shall not be used for purposes other than shelter of mechanical equipment or shelter of vertical shaft openings in the roof. Provisions such as louvers, louver blades or flashing shall be made to protect the mechanical equipment and the building interior from the elements. Penthouses or bulkheads used for purposes other than permitted by this section shall conform to the requirements of this code for an additional story. The restrictions of this section shall not prohibit the placing of wood flagpoles or similar structures on the roof of any building.
Penthouses shall be constructed with walls, floors and roof as required for the building.
Exceptions:
- On buildings of Type I construction, the exterior walls and roofs of penthouses with a fire separation distance of more than 5 feet (1524 mm) and less than 20 feet (6096 mm) shall be of at least 1-hour fire resistance-rated noncombustible construction. Walls and roofs with a fire separation distance of 20 feet (6096 mm) or greater shall be of noncombustible construction. Interior framing and walls shall be of noncombustible construction.
- On buildings of Type I construction two stories above grade plane or less and Type II construction, the exterior walls and roofs of penthouses with a fire separation distance of more than 5 feet (1524 mm) and less than 20 feet (6096 mm) shall be of at least 1-hour fire-resistance-rated noncombustible or fire-retardant-treated wood construction. Walls and roofs with a fire separation distance of 20 feet (6096 mm) or greater shall be of noncombustible or fire-retardant-treated wood construction. Interior framing and walls shall be of noncombustible or fire retardant- treated wood construction.
- On buildings of Type III, IV and V construction, the exterior walls of penthouses with a fire separation distance of more than 5 feet (1524 mm) and less than 20 feet (6096 mm) shall be at least 1-hour fire-resistance-rated construction. Walls with a fire separation distance of 20 feet (6096 mm) or greater from a common property line shall be of Type IV construction or noncombustible, or fire-retardant-treated wood construction. Roofs shall be constructed of materials and fire-resistance rated as required in Table 601 and Section 603, Item 25.3. Interior framing and walls shall be Type IV construction or noncombustible or fire-retardant-treated wood construction.
- On buildings of Type I construction, unprotected noncombustible enclosures housing only mechanical equipment and located with a minimum fire separation distance of 20 feet (6096 mm) shall be permitted.
- On buildings of Type I construction two stories or less above grade plane or Type II, III, IV and V construction, unprotected noncombustible or fire-retardant-treated wood enclosures housing only mechanical equipment and located with a minimum fire separation distance of 20 feet (6096 mm) shall be permitted.
- On one-story buildings, combustible unroofed mechanical equipment screens, fences or similar enclosures are permitted where located with a fire separation distance of at least 20 feet (6096 mm) from adjacent property lines and where not exceeding 4 feet (1219 mm) in height above the roof surface.
- Dormers shall be of the same type of construction as the roof on which they are placed, or of the exterior walls of the building.
Tanks having a capacity of more than 500 gallons (2 m3) placed in or on a building shall be supported on masonry, reinforced concrete, steel or Type IV construction provided that, where such supports are located in the building above the lowest story, the support shall be fire-resistance rated as required for Type IA construction.
Upcodes Diagrams
Such tanks shall have in the bottom or on the side near the bottom, a pipe or outlet, fitted with a suitable quick opening valve for discharging the contents in an emergency through an adequate drain.
Unenclosed roof tanks shall have covers sloping toward the outer edges.
Cooling towers in excess of 250 square feet (23.2 m2) in base area or in excess of 15 feet (4572 mm) high where located on building roofs more than 50 feet (15 240 mm) high shall be of noncombustible construction. Cooling towers shall not exceed one-third of the supporting roof area.
Exception: Drip boards and the enclosing construction of wood not less than 1 inch (25 mm) nominal thickness, provided the wood is covered on the exterior of the tower with noncombustible material.
Any tower, spire, dome or cupola shall be of a type of construction not less in fire-resistance rating than required for the building to which it is attached, except that any such tower, spire, dome or cupola that exceeds 85 feet (25 908 mm) in height above grade plane, exceeds 200 square feet (18.6 m2) in horizontal area or is used for any purpose other than a belfry or an architectural embellishment shall be constructed of and supported on Type I or II construction.
Any tower, spire, dome or cupola that exceeds 60 feet (18 288 mm) in height above the highest point at which it comes in contact with the roof, or that exceeds 200 square feet (18.6 m2) in area at any horizontal section, or which is intended to be used for any purpose other than a belfry or architectural embellishment, shall be entirely constructed of and supported by noncombustible materials. Such structures shall be separated from the building below by construction having a fire-resistance rating of not less than 1.5 hours with openings protected with a minimum 1.5-hour fire protection rating. Structures, except aerial supports 12 feet (3658 mm) high or less, flagpoles, water tanks and cooling towers, placed above the roof of any building more than 50 feet (15 240 mm) in building height, shall be of noncombustible material and shall be supported by construction of noncombustible material.
Towers and spires where enclosed shall have exterior walls as required for the building to which they are attached. The roof covering of spires shall be of a class of roof covering as required for the main roof of the rest of the structure.
Materials and methods of application used for recovering or replacing an existing roof covering shall comply with the requirements of Chapter 15.
Exception:
Reroofing shall not be required to meet the minimum design slope requirement of one-quarter unit vertical in 12 units horizontal (2-percent slope) in Section 1507 for roofs that provide positive roof drainage.
Structural roof components shall be capable of supporting the roof-covering system and the material and equipment loads that will be encountered during installation of the system.
New roof coverings shall not be installed without first removing all existing layers of roof coverings down to the roof deck where any of the following conditions occur:
- Where the existing roof or roof covering is water soaked or has deteriorated to the point that the existing roof or roof covering is not adequate as a base for additional roofing.
- Where the existing roof covering is wood shake, slate, clay, cement or asbestos-cement tile.
- Where the existing roof has two or more applications of any type of roof covering.
Exceptions:
- Complete and separate roofing systems, such as standing-seam metal roof systems, that are designed to transmit the roof loads directly to the building's structural system and that do not rely on existing roofs and roof coverings for support, shall not require the removal of existing roof coverings.
- Metal panel, metal shingle and concrete and clay tile roof coverings shall be permitted to be installed over existing wood shake roofs when applied in accordance with Section 1510.4.
- The application of a new protective coating over an existing spray polyurethane foam roofing system shall be permitted without tear-off of existing roof coverings.
Where the application of a new roof covering over wood shingle or shake roofs creates a combustible concealed space, the entire existing surface shall be covered with gypsum board, mineral fiber, glass fiber or other approved materials securely fastened in place.
Existing slate, clay or cement tile shall be permitted for reinstallation, except that damaged, cracked or broken slate or tile shall not be reinstalled. Existing vent flashing, metal edgings, drain outlets, collars and metal counterflashings shall not be reinstalled where rusted, damaged or deteriorated. Aggregate surfacing materials shall not be reinstalled.
Flashings shall be reconstructed in accordance with approved manufacturer's installation instructions. Metal flashing to which bituminous materials are to be adhered shall be primed prior to installation.