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// CODE SNIPPET

1910.94(c)(6) Velocity and Air Flow Requirements

OSHA 1910 General Industry > G Occupational Health and Environmental Control > 1910.94 Ventilation > 1910.94(c) Spray Finishing Operations > 1910.94(c)(6) Velocity and Air Flow Requirements
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1910.94(c)(6)(i)

Except where a spray booth has an adequate air replacement system, the velocity of air into all openings of a spray booth shall be not less than that specified in Table G-10 for the operating conditions specified. An adequate air replacement system is one which introduces replacement air upstream or above the object being sprayed and is so designed that the velocity of air in the booth cross section is not less than that specified in Table G-10 when measured upstream or above the object being sprayed.

TABLE G-10 - MINIMUM MAINTAINED VELOCITIES INTO SPRAY BOOTHS
Operating conditions for
objects completely
inside booth
Crossdraft,
f.p.m.
Airflow velocities, f.p.m.
Design Range
Electrostatic and
automatic air-less
operation contained in
booth without operator.
Negligible. 50 Large booth 50-75
Air-operated guns,
manual or automatic
Up to 50 100 small booth
100 large booth
75-125
75-125
Air-operated guns,
manual or automatic
Up to 100 150 small booth
150 large booth
125-175
125-175
200 small booth 150-250
NOTES:
  1. Attention is invited to the fact that the effectiveness of the spray booth is dependent upon the relationship of the depth of the booth to its height and width.
  2. Crossdrafts can be eliminated through proper design and such design should be sought. Crossdrafts in excess of 100 fpm (feet per minute) should not be permitted.
  3. Excessive air pressures result in loss of both efficiency and material waste in addition to creating a backlash that may carry overspray and fumes into adjacent work areas.
  4. Booths should be designed with velocities shown in the column headed "Design. However, booths operating with velocities shown in the column headed "Range" are in compliance with this standard.

1910.94(c)(6)(iii)

1910.94(c)(6)(iii)(a)

When an operator is in a booth downstream of the object being sprayed, an air supplied respirator or other type of respirator must be used by employees that has been approved by the NIOSH under 42 CFR part 84 for the material being sprayed.

1910.94(c)(6)(iii)(b)

Where downdraft booths are provided with doors, such doors shall be closed when spray painting.

1910.94(c)(6)(ii)

In addition to the requirements in paragraph (c)(6)(i) of this section, the total air volume exhausted through a spray booth shall be such as to dilute solvent vapor to at least 25 percent of the lower explosive limit of the solvent being sprayed. An example of the method of calculating this volume is given below.

Example: To determine the lower explosive limits of the most common solvents used in spray finishing, see Table G-11. Column 1 gives the number of cubic feet of vapor per gallon of solvent and column 2 gives the lower explosive limit (LEL) in percentage by volume of air. Note that the quantity of solvent will be diminished by the quantity of solids and nonflammables contained in the finish.

To determine the volume of air in cubic feet necessary to dilute the vapor from 1 gallon of solvent to 25 percent of the lower explosive limit, apply the following formula:

Dilution volume required per gallon of solvent = 4 (100 - LEL) (cubic feet of vapor per gallon) divided by LEL

Using toluene as the solvent.
  1. LEL of toluene from Table G-11, column 2, is 1.4 percent.
  2. Cubic feet of vapor per gallon from Table G-11, column 1, is 30.4 cubic feet per gallon.
  3. Dilution volume required =

    4 (100 - 1.4) 30.4 divided by 1.4 = 8,564 cubic feet.
  4. To convert to cubic feet per minute of required ventilation, multiply the dilution volume required per gallon of solvent by the number of gallons of solvent evaporated per minute.
TABLE G-11 - LOWER EXPLOSIVE LIMIT OF SOME COMMONLY USED SOLVENTS

Solvent
Cubic feet
per gallon
of vapor of
liquid at
70 deg. F.
Lower
explosive
limit in
percent by
volume of air
at 70 deg. F.
Column 1 Column 2
Acetone 44.0 2.6
Amyl Acetate (iso) 21.6 (1) 1.0
Amyl Alcohol (n) 29.6 1.2
Amyl Alcohol (iso) 29.6 1.2
Benzene 36.8 (1) 1.4
Butyl Acetate (n) 24.8 1.7
Butyl Alcohol (n) 35.2 1.4
Butyl Cellosolve 24.8 1.1
Cellosolve 33.6 1.8
Cellosolve Acetate 23.2 1.7
Cyclohexanone 31.2 (1) 1.1
1,1 Dichloroethylene 42.4 5.9
1,2 Dichloroethylene 42.4 9.7
Ethyl Acetate 32.8 2.5
Ethyl Alcohol 55.2 4.3
Ethyl Lactate 28.0 (1) 1.5
Methyl Acetate 40.0 3.1
Methyl Acetate 80.8 7.3
Methyl Cellosolve 40.8 2.5
Methyl Ethyl Ketone 36.0 1.8
Methyl n-Propyl Ketone 30.4 1.5
Naphtha (VM&P) (76 deg. Naphtha) 22.4 0.9
Naphtha (100 deg. Flash) Safety
    Solvent - Stoddard Solvent
23.2 1.0
Propyl Acetate (n) 27.2 2.8
Propyl Acetate (iso) 28.0 1.1
Propyl Alcohol (n) 44.8 2.1
Propyl Alcohol (iso) 44.0 2.0
Toluene 30.4 1.4
Turpentine 20.8 0.8
Xylene (o) 26.4 1.0
Footnote(1) At 212 deg. F.

Related Code Sections


1910.94(c)(6) Occupational Health and Environmental Control, Velocity and Air Flow Requirements
Except where a spray booth has an adequate air replacement system, the velocity of air into all openings of a spray booth shall be not less than ...
OSHA 1910 General Industry > G Occupational Health and Environmental Control > 1910.94 Ventilation > 1910.94(c) Spray Finishing Operations > 1910.94(c)(6) Velocity and Air Flow Requirements
1910.94(c)(7)(ii) Occupational Health and Environmental Control,
characteristics are such that the required air flow through the booth will be provided, higher velocities through the doors, dampers, or louvers may be used ...
OSHA 1910 General Industry > G Occupational Health and Environmental Control > 1910.94 Ventilation > 1910.94(c) Spray Finishing Operations > 1910.94(c)(7) Make-Up Air > 1910.94(c)(7)(ii)
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with a rate of air-flow sufficient to maintain a velocity in the direction of the hood of 100 linear feet (30 m) per minute in the zone of welding when ...
OSHA 1910 General Industry > Q Welding, Cutting, and Brazing > 1910.252 General Requirements > 1910.252(c) Health Protection and Ventilation > 1910.252(c)(3) Local Exhaust Hoods and Booths
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If the fan characteristics are such that the required air flow through the booth will be provided, higher velocities through the doors, dampers ...
OSHA 1910 General Industry > G Occupational Health and Environmental Control > 1910.94 Ventilation > 1910.94(c) Spray Finishing Operations > 1910.94(c)(7) Make-Up Air
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