1904.3 Sulfate Exposures

Where concrete will be exposed to sulfate-containing solutions, it shall comply with the provisions of Sections 1904.3.1 and 1904.3.2.

Concrete to be exposed to sulfate-containing solutions or soils shall conform to the requirements of Table 1904.3 or shall be concrete made with a cement that provides sulfate resistance and that has a maximum water-cementitious materials ratio and minimum compressive strength as set forth in Table 1904.3.

TABLE 1904.3
REQUIREMENTS FOR CONCRETE EXPOSED TO SULFATE - CONTAINING SOLUTIONS

SULFATE EXPOSURE	WATER SOLUBLE SULFATE (SO4) IN SOIL, PERCENT BY WEIGHT	SULFATE (SO4) IN WATER (ppm)	CEMENT TYPE			MAXIMUM WATER-CEMENTITIOUS MATERIALS RATIO, BY WEIGHT, NORMAL-WEIGHT AGGREGATE CONCRETEa	MINIMUM f'c NORMAL-WEIGHT AND LIGHTWEIGHT AGGREGATE CONCRETE (psi)a
			ASTM C 150	ASTM C 595	ASTM C 1157
Negligible	0.00 - 0.10	0-150	-	-	-	-	-
Moderateb	0.10 - 0.20	150 -1,500		II, IP (MS), IS (MS), P (MS), I (PM)(MS), I (SM)(MS)		0.50	4,000
Severe	0.20 - 2.00	1,500 - 10,000	V		HS	0.45	4,500
Very severe	Over 2.00	Over 10,000	V plus pozzolanc		HS plus pozzoland	0.45	4,500

For SI: 1 pound per square inch = 0.00689 MPa.

1. A lower water-cementitious materials ratio or higher strength may be required for low permeability or for protection against corrosion of embedded items or freezing and thawing (see Table 1904.2.2).
2. Seawater.
3. Pozzolan that has been determined by test or service record to improve sulfate resistance when used in concrete containing Type V cement.
4. Pozzolan that has been determined by test or service record to improve sulfate resistance when used in concrete containing Type HS blended cement.

Calcium chloride as an admixture shall not be used in concrete to be exposed to those severe or very severe sulfate-containing solutions defined in Table 1904.3.

TABLE 1904.3
REQUIREMENTS FOR CONCRETE EXPOSED TO SULFATE-CONTAINING SOLUTIONS

SULFATE EXPOSURE	WATER SOLUBLE SULFATE (SO4) IN SOIL, PERCENT BY WEIGHT	SULFATE (SO4) IN WATER (ppm)	CEMENT TYPE			MAXIMUM WATER-CEMENTITIOUS MATERIALS RATIO, BY WEIGHT, NORMAL-WEIGHT AGGREGATE CONCRETEa	MINIMUM f'c NORMAL-WEIGHT AND LIGHTWEIGHT AGGREGATE CONCRETE (psi)a
			ASTM C 150	ASTM C 595	ASTM C 1157
Negligible	0.00 - 0.10	0 - 150
Moderateb	0.10 - 0.20	150 - 1,500		I, IP (MS), IS (MS), P (MS), I (PM)(MS), I (SM)(MS)		0.50	4,000
Severe	0.20 - 2.00	1,500 - 10,000	V		HS	0.45	4,500
Very severe	Over 2.00	Over 10,000	V plus pozzoland		HS plus pozzoland	0.45	4,500

For SI: 1 pound per square inch = 0.00689 MPa.

1. A lower water-cementitious materials ratio or higher strength may be required for low permeability or for protection against corrosion of embedded items or freezing and thawing (see Table 1904.2.2).
2. Seawater.
3. Pozzolan that has been determined by test or service record to improve sulfate resistance when used in concrete containing Type V cement.
4. Pozzolan that has been determined by test or service record to improve sulfate resistance when used in concrete containing Type HS blended cement.