// CODE SNIPPET
1904.3 Sulfate Exposures
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Concrete to be exposed to sulfate-containing solutions or soils shall conform to the requirements of Table 1904.3 or shall be concrete made with a cement that provides sulfate resistance and that has a maximum water-cementitious materials ratio and minimum compressive strength as set forth in Table 1904.3.
For SI: 1 pound per square inch = 0.00689 MPa.
SULFATE EXPOSURE |
WATER SOLUBLE SULFATE (SO4) IN SOIL, PERCENT BY WEIGHT |
SULFATE (SO4) IN WATER (ppm) |
CEMENT TYPE | MAXIMUM WATER-CEMENTITIOUS MATERIALS RATIO, BY WEIGHT, NORMAL-WEIGHT AGGREGATE CONCRETEa |
MINIMUM f'c NORMAL-WEIGHT AND LIGHTWEIGHT AGGREGATE CONCRETE (psi)a |
||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ASTM C 150 |
ASTM C 595 |
ASTM C 1157 |
|||||
Negligible | 0.00 - 0.10 | 0-150 | - | - | - | - | - |
Moderateb | 0.10 - 0.20 | 150 -1,500 | II, IP (MS), IS (MS), P (MS), I (PM)(MS), I (SM)(MS) |
0.50 | 4,000 | ||
Severe | 0.20 - 2.00 | 1,500 - 10,000 | V | HS | 0.45 | 4,500 | |
Very severe | Over 2.00 | Over 10,000 | V plus pozzolanc |
HS plus pozzoland |
0.45 | 4,500 |
- A lower water-cementitious materials ratio or higher strength may be required for low permeability or for protection against corrosion of embedded items or freezing and thawing (see Table 1904.2.2).
- Seawater.
- Pozzolan that has been determined by test or service record to improve sulfate resistance when used in concrete containing Type V cement.
- Pozzolan that has been determined by test or service record to improve sulfate resistance when used in concrete containing Type HS blended cement.
Calcium chloride as an admixture shall not be used in concrete to be exposed to those severe or very severe sulfate-containing solutions defined in Table 1904.3.
For SI: 1 pound per square inch = 0.00689 MPa.
SULFATE EXPOSURE |
WATER SOLUBLE SULFATE (SO4) IN SOIL, PERCENT BY WEIGHT |
SULFATE (SO4) IN WATER (ppm) |
CEMENT TYPE | MAXIMUM WATER-CEMENTITIOUS MATERIALS RATIO, BY WEIGHT, NORMAL-WEIGHT AGGREGATE CONCRETEa |
MINIMUM f'c NORMAL-WEIGHT AND LIGHTWEIGHT AGGREGATE CONCRETE (psi)a |
||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ASTM C 150 |
ASTM C 595 |
ASTM C 1157 |
|||||
Negligible | 0.00 - 0.10 | 0 - 150 | |||||
Moderateb | 0.10 - 0.20 | 150 - 1,500 | I, IP (MS), IS (MS), P (MS), I (PM)(MS), I (SM)(MS) |
0.50 | 4,000 | ||
Severe | 0.20 - 2.00 | 1,500 - 10,000 | V | HS | 0.45 | 4,500 | |
Very severe | Over 2.00 | Over 10,000 | V plus pozzoland |
HS plus pozzoland |
0.45 | 4,500 |
- A lower water-cementitious materials ratio or higher strength may be required for low permeability or for protection against corrosion of embedded items or freezing and thawing (see Table 1904.2.2).
- Seawater.
- Pozzolan that has been determined by test or service record to improve sulfate resistance when used in concrete containing Type V cement.
- Pozzolan that has been determined by test or service record to improve sulfate resistance when used in concrete containing Type HS blended cement.
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