Where application is made for construction as described in this section, one or more special inspection agencies meeting the requirements of Sections 28-114.1 and 28-115.1 of the Administrative Code shall be retained by the owner to provide inspections during construction on the types of work listed under Section 1704 and elsewhere in this code. These inspections are in addition to the other inspections required by Section 110, elsewhere in this code, and Section 28-116 of the Administrative Code. The special inspector shall be acceptable to the registered design professional of record.
Exception: Special inspections are not required for building components unless the design involves the practice of professional engineering or architecture as defined by the Education Law of the State of New York and applicable regulations governing the professional registration and certification of engineers or architects.
Exception: Special inspections are not required for building components unless the design involves the practice of professional engineering or architecture as defined by the Education Law of the State of New York and applicable regulations governing the professional registration and certification of engineers or architects.
The registered design professional of record shall have the following duties and responsibilities:
1. Construction document requirements. The registered design professional of record shall identify the materials, equipment, installation, fabrication, erection or placement of components and connections, or construction operations for the work indicated on the construction documents that are subject to special inspections on the construction documents and on forms supplied by the department prior to the approval of the construction documents.
2. Respond to field discrepancies. The registered design professional of record shall respond to special inspector reports of uncorrected discrepancies and shall approve remedial measures.
3. Review of shop drawings. Where shop or working drawings have been provided, the registered design professional of record shall review such shop drawings for conformance with the approved design.
4. Deviations from approved construction documents. The registered design professional of record shall submit to the department and the special inspection agency written documentation of the professional's approval of deviations from the approved construction documents. All such deviations approved by the registered design professional of record shall be filed with the department on amended construction documents in accordance with Section 28-104.3 of the Administrative Code.
1. Construction document requirements. The registered design professional of record shall identify the materials, equipment, installation, fabrication, erection or placement of components and connections, or construction operations for the work indicated on the construction documents that are subject to special inspections on the construction documents and on forms supplied by the department prior to the approval of the construction documents.
2. Respond to field discrepancies. The registered design professional of record shall respond to special inspector reports of uncorrected discrepancies and shall approve remedial measures.
3. Review of shop drawings. Where shop or working drawings have been provided, the registered design professional of record shall review such shop drawings for conformance with the approved design.
4. Deviations from approved construction documents. The registered design professional of record shall submit to the department and the special inspection agency written documentation of the professional's approval of deviations from the approved construction documents. All such deviations approved by the registered design professional of record shall be filed with the department on amended construction documents in accordance with Section 28-104.3 of the Administrative Code.
The special inspection agency shall have the following duties and responsibilities:
- Independence. The special inspection agency shall be independent of the contractors responsible for the work being inspected. The registered design professional of record is permitted to act as the approved special inspection agency and such agency's personnel are permitted to act as special inspectors for the work designed by the registered design professional of record, provided those personnel meet the qualification requirements of this section to the satisfaction of the department.
- Construction documents. The special inspection agency shall examine all approved construction documents that relate to the work that is the subject of the special inspections to confirm that the documents are sufficient to enable the proper performance of the special inspection. The special inspection agency shall confirm that any shop drawings or sketches have been accepted by the registered design professional of record. Acceptance shall be demonstrated in writing by the registered design professional of record on the documents.
- Inspection. The special inspection agency shall observe work subject to special inspection to confirm that the work that is the subject of the special inspection is in compliance with the approved construction documents; with the approved shop drawings, where provided; and with the special inspection requirements of this code and department rules and regulations.
- Reports. The special inspection agency shall prepare reports of its inspections and tests, and such reports shall indicate that work inspected was or was not performed in conformance with approved construction documents.
- Format. Special inspection reports and records of special inspections shall be in the form and format supplied by the commissioner.
- Discrepancies. Discrepancies shall be brought to the immediate attention of the contractor and, when applicable, to the superintendent of construction, for correction. If the discrepancies are not corrected, the discrepancies shall be brought to the attention of the owner, and the registered design professional of record prior to the completion of that phase of the work.
- Hazardous conditions. The special inspector shall report conditions noted as hazardous to life, safety or health that are not immediately corrected to the immediate attention of the commissioner.
- Final report. Prior to issuance of a certificate of occupancy or letter of completion, a final report documenting the required special inspections and correction of all discrepancies noted in the inspections shall be submitted to the department, certifying compliance with approved construction documents and the administrative and procedural requirements of this code.
- Approval of partially completed work. Reports of partially completed work shall be accepted when such reports indicate that the inspected work has been completed in accordance with the construction documents and the condition of the remaining work.
- Maintain records. The special inspection agency shall keep records of inspections for a period of 6 years from the date of project sign-off. Such records shall be supplied to the commissioner upon request. The commissioner may require that special inspection reports be filed with the department and/or that such reports be otherwise made accessible for review.
The permit holder shall have the following duties and responsibilities:
- Statement of special inspections. The application for permit shall include a statement of relevant special inspections as a condition for permit issuance on forms supplied by the department. This statement shall include:
- A complete list of materials and work included in the permit application requiring special inspections by this section and elsewhere in this code and the inspections to be performed on such work and materials; and
- A list of the special inspection agencies retained by the owner for conducting the special inspections listed on the approved plans. Within each category of work, multiple special inspectors or special inspection agencies may be employed.
- Identification of registered design professionals providing design documents for certain construction operations. The registered design professionals responsible for the production of design, sequence of construction operations or shop drawings for projects that require design pursuant to Chapter 33, shall file documentation of their intent to perform those duties on forms supplied by the department.
- Required notification to special inspection agencies. The holder of a permit covering work requiring a special inspection shall notify the relevant special inspectors or special inspection agencies in writing at least 72 hours before the commencement of any work requiring special inspection.
- Access for special inspection. The construction or work for which special inspection is required shall remain accessible and exposed for special inspection purposes until completion of the required special inspections.
- Deficiencies. The permit holder shall be responsible for the correction of identified deficiencies. A satisfactory inspection by a special inspection agency or the acceptance by the department of a satisfactory report of an inspection by a special inspection agency shall not be construed to be an approval by the department of a violation of the provisions of this code or of any other provision of law.
Where fabrication of structural members, and other regulated products is performed on the premises of a fabricator's shop, special inspection and progress inspection of the fabricated items shall be required by this section, the New York City Construction Codes, and in Chapter 1 of Title 28 of the Administrative Code.
The special inspector shall verify that the fabricator maintains detailed fabrication and quality control procedures that provide a basis for inspection control of the workmanship and the fabricator's ability to conform to approved construction documents and referenced standards. The special inspector shall review the procedures for completeness and adequacy relative to the code requirements for the fabricator's scope of work.
Exception: Special inspections and progress inspections as required by Section 1704.2 shall not be required where the fabricator is approved in accordance with Section 1704.2.2 and with Chapter 1 of Title 28 of the Administrative Code.
Exception: Special inspections and progress inspections as required by Section 1704.2 shall not be required where the fabricator is approved in accordance with Section 1704.2.2 and with Chapter 1 of Title 28 of the Administrative Code.
Work that is subject to special inspection and performed on the approved fabricator's premises shall be inspected by the special inspection agency in accordance with Section 1704.2.2.3. Approval of fabricators shall be based upon review of the fabricator's written procedural and quality control manuals and periodic auditing of fabrication practices by an approved agency.
For all work where approval is sought based upon Section 1704.2.2, the approved fabricator shall submit a certificate of intent to fabricate such work to the department identifying the work to be performed as an approved fabricator, and that such work shall be performed in accordance with the approved construction documents, referenced standards and applicable provisions of law and for which site the work is being fabricated prior to fabricating any items for such project.
For all fabricated items, the approved fabricator shall submit a certificate of compliance to the department stating that the work was performed in accordance with the approved construction documents, referenced standards and applicable provisions of law.
The owner shall engage an approved special inspection agency to perform special inspections for the portion of the work performed in the approved fabricator's premises. These inspections shall at a minimum include: (i) one visit to the fabricator's premises during the course of the subject work to verify the fabricator's compliance with the written and procedural quality control manuals; and (ii) inspection of 5 percent of the subject work to verify compliance with the approved construction documents. Such inspection is permitted to be performed in either the fabricator's premises or at the construction site.
The special inspections of new installations and alterations to existing installations of steel elements in buildings and structures shall be as required by Section 1704.3 and Table 1704.3. Where required, special inspection of steel shall also comply with Section 1716.
For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm.
Exceptions:
TABLE 1704.3 REQUIRED VERIFICATION AND INSPECTION OF STEEL CONSTRUCTION - Special inspection of the steel fabrication process shall not be required where the fabricator does not perform any welding, thermal cutting or heating operation of any kind as part of the fabrication process. In such cases, the fabricator shall be required to submit a detailed procedure for material control that demonstrates the fabricator's ability to maintain suitable records and procedures such that, at any time during the fabrication process, the material specification, grade and mill test reports for the main stress-carrying elements are capable of being determined.
- The special inspector need not be continuously present during welding of the following items, provided the materials, welding procedures and qualifications of welders are verified prior to the start of the work; periodic inspections are made of the work in progress and a visual inspection of all welds is made prior to completion or prior to shipment of shop welding.
- Single-pass fillet welds not exceeding 5/16 inch (7.9 mm) in size.
- Floor and roof deck welding.
- Welded studs when used for structural diaphragm.
- Welded sheet steel for cold-formed steel members.
- Welding of stairs and railing systems.
- Welding of connections where the calculated connection strength is at least twice the required strength of the connection. Such connections shall be specifically indicated on the approved construction documents.
| VERIFICATION AND INSPECTION | CONTINUOUS | PERIODIC | REFERENCED STANDARDa | BC REFERENCE |
| 1. Material verification of high-strength bolts, nuts and washers: | ||||
| a. Identification markings to conform to ASTM standards specified in the approved construction documents. | ‒ | X | AISC 360, Section A3.3 and applicable ASTM material specifications | ‒ |
| b. Manufacturer's certificate of compliance required. | ‒ | X | ‒ | ‒ |
| 2. Inspection of high-strength bolting: | ||||
| a. Snug-tight joints. | ‒ | X Note b | ||
| b. Pre-tensioned and slip-critical joints using turn-of-nut with matchmarking, twist-off bolt or direct tension indicator methods of installation. | ‒ | X | AISC 360 Section M2.5 | 1704.3.3 |
| c. Pre-tensioned and slip-critical joints using turn-of-nut without matchmarking or calibrated wrench methods of installation. | X | ‒ | ||
| 3. Material verification of structural steel and cold formed steel deck: | ‒ | |||
| a. For structural steel, identification markings to conform to AISC 360. | ‒ | X | AISC 360, Section M5.5 | |
| b. For other steel, identification markings to conform to ASTM standards specified in the approved construction documents. | ‒ | ‒ | Applicable ASTM Standards | |
| c. Manufacturers' certified mill test reports. | ‒ | X | Applicable ASTM material standards | |
| 4. Material verification of weld filler materials: | ||||
| a. Identification markings to conform to AWS specification in the approved construction documents. | ‒ | ‒ | AISC 360, Section A3.5 and applicable AWS A5 documents | ‒ |
| b. Manufacturer's certificate of compliance required. | ‒ | ‒ | ‒ | ‒ |
| 5. Inspection of welding: a. Structural steel, cold-formed steel and cold-formed steel deck: | ‒ | ‒ | ||
| 1) Complete and partial penetration groove welds. | X | ‒ | ||
| 2) Multipass fillet welds. | X | ‒ | ||
| 3) Single-pass fillet welds > 5/16". | X | ‒ | AWS D1.1 | 1704.3.1 |
| 4) Plug and slot welds. | X | ‒ | ||
| 5) Single-pass fillet welds ≤ 5/16". | ‒ | X | ||
| 6) Floor and roof deck welds. | ‒ | X | AWS D1.3 | ‒ |
| 7) Cold-formed steel welds. | ‒ | X | AWS D1.3 | |
| b. Reinforcing steel: | ‒ | ‒ | ||
| 1) Verification of weldability of reinforcing steel other than ASTM A 706. | ‒ | X | ||
| 2) Reinforcing steel-resisting flexural and axial forces in intermediate and special moment frames, and boundary elements of special reinforced concrete shear walls and shear reinforcement. | X | ‒ | AWS D1.4 ACI 318: 3.5.2 | 1903.5.2 |
| 3) Shear reinforcement. | X Note a | ‒ | ||
| 4) Other reinforcing steel. | ‒ | X | ||
| 6. Inspection of steel frame joint details for compliance with approved construction documents: | ‒ | 1704.3.2 | ||
| a. Details such as bracing and stiffening. | ‒ | X | ||
| b. Member locations. | ‒ | X | ||
| c. Application of joint details at each connection. | ‒ | X |
For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm.
- A minimum of 10 percent of shear studs shall be verified for strength of welded connection. If failure is evident on one or more, then the strength of all shear studs shall be verified.
- Turn of the nut bolting shall be continuously inspected.
Welding inspection and welding inspector qualification shall be in compliance with this section and the rules of the department.
Welding inspection and welding inspector qualification for structural steel shall be in accordance with AWS D1.1.
Welding inspection and welding inspector qualification for cold-formed steel floor and roof decks shall be in accordance with AWS D1.3.
Welding inspection and welding inspector qualification for reinforcing steel shall be in accordance with AWS D1.4 and ACI 318.
The special inspector shall perform an inspection of the steel frame to verify compliance with the details shown on the approved construction documents, such as bracing, stiffening, member locations and proper application of joint details at each connection, including connections designed for seismic effects.
Installation of high-strength bolts shall be inspected in accordance with this section and AISC 360.
Exception: Installation of high strength bolts in bearing type connections where the calculated connection strength is at least twice the required strength of the connection. Inspection of such connections shall be made under Section 1704.3.2. Such connections shall be clearly indicated on the approved construction documents.
Exception: Installation of high strength bolts in bearing type connections where the calculated connection strength is at least twice the required strength of the connection. Inspection of such connections shall be made under Section 1704.3.2. Such connections shall be clearly indicated on the approved construction documents.
While the work is in progress, the special inspector shall determine that the requirements for bolts, nuts, washers and paint; bolted parts and installation and tightening in such standards are met. For bolts requiring pretensioning, the special inspector shall observe the preinstallation testing and calibration procedures when such procedures are required by the installation method or by project plans or specifications; determine that all plies of connected materials have been drawn together and properly snugged and monitor the installation of bolts to verify that the selected procedure for installation is properly used to tighten bolts. For joints required to be tightened only to the snug-tight condition, the special inspector need only verify that the connected materials have been drawn together and properly snugged.
Inspection of bolt installation for pretensioning is permitted to be performed on a periodic basis when using the turn-of-nut method with matchmarking techniques, the direct tension indicator method or the alternate design fastener (twist-off bolt) method. Joints designated as snug tight need be inspected only on a periodic basis.
Inspection of bolt installation for pretensioning using the calibrated wrench method or the turn-of-nut method without matchmarking shall be performed on a continuous basis.
Special inspections for prefabricated and site built cold-formed steel light-frame construction and assemblies shall be as required by this section and Table 1704.3.4. The special inspector shall verify the size, quality, framing, erection, and both temporary and permanent bracing.
TABLE 1704.3.4 REQUIRED VERIFICATION AND INSPECTION OF COLD-FORMED STEEL LIGHT-FRAME CONSTRUCTION
TABLE 1704.3.4 REQUIRED VERIFICATION AND INSPECTION OF COLD-FORMED STEEL LIGHT-FRAME CONSTRUCTION
| VERIFICATION AND INSPECTION | CONTINUOUS | PERIODIC | REFERENCED STANDARD | CODE REFERENCE |
| 1. Material Verification: | ||||
| a. Verify that identification markings conform to AISI S200 and as specified in the approved construction documents. | X | AISI 200, Section A5.4 | ||
| b. Verify that material is clean, straight and undamaged. | X | |||
| 2. Inspection of general framing: | ||||
| a. Verify that member sizes conform to the approved construction documents. | X | |||
| b. Verify that member layout conforms to the approved construction documents. | X | |||
| c. Verify that proper bearing lengths are provided in accordance with approved construction documents. | X | |||
| d. Verify that punched holes and sheared or flame cut edges of material in members are clean and free from notches and burred edges. | X | |||
| 3. Inspection of framing connections and anchorages: | ||||
| a. Verify that screws, bolts, and other fasteners conform to approved construction document requirements for diameter, length, quantity, spacing, edge distance, and location. | X | AISI S200, Section D | ||
| b. Verify that manufactured connectors, such as joist hangers, caps, straps, clips, ties, hold-downs, and anchors conform to approved construction document requirements for manufacturer, type, gauge, and fastener requirements. | X | AISI S200, Section D | ||
| 4. Inspection of welding: | ||||
| a. Inspect welds in accordance with Table 1704.3. | X | AWS D1.3 | ||
| 5. Bracing: | ||||
| a. Verify that temporary bracing, shoring, jacks, etc., are installed, and not removed until no longer necessary, in accordance with the approved construction documents and approved erection drawings. | X | |||
| b. Verify that permanent bracing, web stiffeners, bridging, blocking, wind bracing, etc, are installed in accordance with the approved construction documents and approved erection drawings. | X | |||
| c. Where a cold-formed steel truss clear span is 60 feet (18 288 mm) or greater, the special inspector shall verify that the temporary installation restraint/bracing and the permanent individual truss member restraint/bracing are installed in accordance with the approved truss submittal package. | X | 2210.3.4 |
The special inspections and verifications for concrete construction shall be as required by this section and Table 1704.4.
Exceptions:
TABLE 1704.4 REQUIRED VERIFICATION AND INSPECTION OF CONCRETE CONSTRUCTION - Special inspection shall not be required when specifically indicated as not required on the approved construction documents for:
- Nonstructural concrete slabs supported directly on the ground, including prestressed slabs ongrade, where the effective prestress in the concrete is less than 150 psi (1.03 Mpa).
- Concrete foundation(s) for lightweight fences and recreational equipment.
- Concrete patios, site furnishings, garden walls, driveways, sidewalks and similar construction.
- Testing required by Table 1704.4, Item 6, may be waived by the registered design professional who prepared the structural construction documents when such waiver is specifically indicated on such construction document in the following cases:
- Where the total concrete placement on a given project is less than 50 cubic yards (38 m3).
- Isolated spread concrete footings of R-3 buildings three stories or less above grade plan that are fully supported on earth or rock.
- Continuous concrete footings supporting walls of R-3 buildings three stories or less above grade plan that are fully supported on earth or rock where the structural design of the footing is based on a specified compressive strength, f'c, no greater than 2,500 pounds per square inch (psi) (17.2 Mpa), and the compressive strength used in the footing construction is at least 4,000 psi.
| VERIFICATION AND INSPECTION | CONTINUOUS | PERIODIC | REFERENCED STANDARD | BC REFERENCE |
| 1. Inspection of reinforcing steel, including prestressing tendons and placement. | ‒ | X | ACI 318: 3.5, 7.1 ‒ 7.7 | 1903.5, 1907.1, 1907.7, 1913.4 |
| 2. Inspection of reinforcing steel welding in accordance with Table 1704.3, Item 5b. | ‒ | ‒ | AWS D1.4 ACI 318: 3.5.2 | 1903.5.2 |
| 3. Inspection of bolts to be installed in concrete prior to and during placement of concrete where allowable loads have been increased or where strength design is used. | X | ‒ | ACI 318: 8.1.3, 21.2.8 | 1911.5, 1912.1 |
| 4. Inspection of anchors installed in hardened concrete. | ‒ | X | ACI 318: 3.8.6, 8.1.3, 21.2.8 | 1912.1 |
| 5. Verifying use of required design mix. | ‒ | X | ACI 318: Ch. 4, 5.2-5.4 | 1904, 1905.2‒1905.4, 1913.3 |
| 6. At the time fresh concrete is sampled to fabricate specimens for strength tests, perform slump, unit weight, and air content tests, and determine the temperature of the concrete. Determine water content when required. | X | ‒ | ASTM C 172 ASTM C 31 ACI 318: 5.6, 5.8 (Note a, b) | 1905.6, 1913.10 |
| 7. Inspection of concrete and shotcrete placement for proper application techniques. | X | ‒ | ACI 318: 5.9, 5.10 | 1905.9, 1905.10, 1913.6, 1913.7, 1913.8 |
| 8. Inspection for maintenance of specified curing temperature and techniques. Monitoring of in-place temperatures per thermal protection plan when required. | ‒ | X | ACI 318: 5.11‒5.13 | 1905.11, 1905.13, 1913.9 |
| 9. Inspection of prestressed concrete: a. Application of prestressing forces. b. Grouting of bonded prestressing tendons in the seismic-force-resisting system. | X X | ‒ | ACI 318: 18.20 ACI 318: 18.18.4 | ‒ |
| 10. Erection of precast concrete members. | ‒ | X | ACI 318: Ch. 16 | ‒ |
| 11. Verification of in-situ concrete strength, prior to stressing of tendons in post-tensioned concrete and prior to removal of shores and forms from beams and structural slabs. | ‒ | X | ACI 318: 6.2 | 1906. 2 |
| 12. Inspection of formwork for shape, location, and dimensions of the concrete member being formed. | ‒ | X | ACI 318: 6.1.1 | 1906.2 |
| a. Standard sampling rate shall be in accordance with Section 1905.6.2. |
| b. Four-inch by 8-inch cylinders may be accepted in lieu of 6-inch by 12-inch cylinders at the option of the engineer of record. |
In the absence of sufficient data or documentation providing evidence of conformance to quality standards for materials in Chapter 3 of ACI 318, the commissioner shall require testing of materials in accordance with the appropriate standards and criteria for the material in Chapter 3 of ACI 318. Weldability of reinforcement, except that which conforms to ASTM A 706, shall be determined in accordance with the requirements of Section 1903.5.2.
When the specified compressive strength of concrete in a column is greater than 1.4 times that specified for a floor system, the special inspections for concrete construction shall also comply with the requirements of Section 1908.2.1.
Masonry construction shall be inspected and verified in accordance with the requirements of Sections 1704.5.1 through 1704.5.3, depending on the structural occupancy category of the building or structure.
Exception: Special inspections shall not be required for:
1. Masonry fireplaces, masonry heaters or masonry chimneys installed or constructed in accordance with Section 2111, 2112, or 2113, respectively.
2. Alterations to existing masonry, where the quantity of replaced masonry is less than 10 square feet (0.93 m2) in any 100 square feet (9.3 m2) of wall area, when specifically exempted on the approved construction documents.
Exception: Special inspections shall not be required for:
1. Masonry fireplaces, masonry heaters or masonry chimneys installed or constructed in accordance with Section 2111, 2112, or 2113, respectively.
2. Alterations to existing masonry, where the quantity of replaced masonry is less than 10 square feet (0.93 m2) in any 100 square feet (9.3 m2) of wall area, when specifically exempted on the approved construction documents.
The minimum inspection program for empirically designed masonry, glass unit masonry and masonry veneer designed by Section 2109, 2110, or Chapter 14, respectively, or by Chapter 5, 6 or 7 of TMS 402/ACI 530/ASCE 5, in structures classified as structural occupancy category IV, in accordance with Table 1604.5, shall comply with Table 1704.5.1.
TABLE 1704.5.1 LEVEL 1 REQUIRED VERIFICATION AND INSPECTION OF MASONRY CONSTRUCTION
TABLE 1704.5.1 LEVEL 1 REQUIRED VERIFICATION AND INSPECTION OF MASONRY CONSTRUCTION
| VERIFICATION AND INSPECTION | FREQUENCY OF INSPECTION | REFERENCE FOR CRITERIA | |||
| Continuous | Periodic | BC Section | TMS 402/ACI 530/ASCE 5a | TMS 602/ACI 530.1/ASCE 6a | |
| 1. Compliance with required inspection provisions of the construction documents and the approved submittals shall be verified. | ‒ | X | ‒ | ‒ | Art. 1.5 |
| 2. Verification of f'm and f'AAC prior to construction except where specifically exempted by this code. | ‒ | X | ‒ | ‒ | Art. 1.4B |
| 3. Verification of slump flow and VSI as delivered to the site for self-consolidating grout. | X | ‒ | ‒ | ‒ | Art. 1.5B.1.b.3 |
| 4. As masonry construction begins, the following shall be verified to ensure compliance: | |||||
| a. Proportions of site-prepared mortar. | ‒ | X | ‒ | ‒ | Art. 2.6A |
| b. Construction of mortar joints. | ‒ | X | ‒ | ‒ | Art. 3.3B |
| c. Location of reinforcement, connectors, prestressing tendons and anchorages. | ‒ | X | ‒ | ‒ | Art. 3.4, 3.6A |
| d. Prestressing technique. | ‒ | X | ‒ | ‒ | Art. 3.6B |
| e. Grade and size of prestressing tendons and anchorages. | ‒ | X | ‒ | ‒ | Art. 2.4B, 2.4H |
| 5. During construction the inspection program shall verify: | |||||
| a. Size and location of structural elements. | ‒ | X | ‒ | ‒ | Art. 3.3F |
| b. Type, size and location of anchors, including other details of anchorage of masonry to structural members, frames or other construction. | ‒ | X | ‒ | Sec. 1.2.2(e), 1.16.1 | ‒ |
| c. Specified size, grade and type of reinforcement, anchor bolts, prestressing tendons and anchorages. | ‒ | X | ‒ | Sec. 1.15 | Art. 2.4, 3.4 |
| d. Welding of reinforcing bars. | X | ‒ | ‒ | Sec. 2.1.9.7.2, 3.3.3.4(b) | ‒ |
| e. Preparation, construction and protection of masonry during cold weather (temperature below 40°F) or hot weather (temperature above 90°F). | ‒ | X | Sec. 2104.3, 2104.4 | ‒ | Art. 1.8C, 1.8D |
| f. Application and measurement of prestressing force. | X | ‒ | ‒ | ‒ | Art. 3.6B |
| 6. Prior to grouting, the following shall be verified to ensure compliance: | |||||
| a. Grout space is clean. | ‒ | X | ‒ | ‒ | Art. 3.2D |
| b. Placement of reinforcement and connectors, and prestressing tendons and anchorages. | ‒ | X | ‒ | Sec. 1.13 | Art. 3.4 |
| c. Proportions of site-prepared grout and prestressing grout for bonded tendons. | ‒ | X | ‒ | ‒ | Art. 2.6B |
| d. Construction of mortar joints. | ‒ | X | ‒ | ‒ | Art. 3.3B |
| 7. Grout placement shall be verified to ensure compliance: | X | ‒ | ‒ | ‒ | Art. 3.5 |
| a. Grouting of prestressing bonded tendons. | X | ‒ | ‒ | ‒ | Art. 3.6C |
| 8. Preparation of any required grout specimens, mortar specimens and/or prisms shall be observed. | ‒ | X | Sec. 2105.2.2, 2105.3 | ‒ | Art. 1.4 |
| For SI: °C = [(°F) - 32]/1.8. |
| a. The specific standards referenced are those listed in Chapter 35. |
The minimum special inspection program for structures classified as structural occupancy categories I, II, or III, in accordance with Table 1604.5, which are three stories or less in height, shall comply with Table 1704.5.1.
The minimum special inspection program for masonry designed by Section 2107 or 2108, or by chapters other than Chapters 5, 6 or 7 of TMS 402/ACI 530/ASCE 5, in structures classified as structural occupancy category IV, in accordance with Table 1604.5, and masonry in buildings more than three stories in height, shall comply with Table 1704.5.3.
Exception: Alterations to existing masonry walls where the quantity of masonry involved in any one given location does not exceed 50 contiguous square feet (4.64 m2) shall be permitted to be subject to level 1 special inspection in accordance with Table 1704.5.1 when specifically identified as such on the approved construction documents by the registered design professional of record.
TABLE 1704.5.3 LEVEL 2 REQUIRED VERIFICATION AND INSPECTION OF MASONRY CONSTRUCTION
Exception: Alterations to existing masonry walls where the quantity of masonry involved in any one given location does not exceed 50 contiguous square feet (4.64 m2) shall be permitted to be subject to level 1 special inspection in accordance with Table 1704.5.1 when specifically identified as such on the approved construction documents by the registered design professional of record.
TABLE 1704.5.3 LEVEL 2 REQUIRED VERIFICATION AND INSPECTION OF MASONRY CONSTRUCTION
| VERIFICATION AND INSPECTION | CONTINUOUS | PERIODIC | REFERENCE FOR CRITERIA | ||
| BC Section | TMS 402/ACI 530/ASCE 5a | TMS 602/ACI 530.1/ASCE 6a | |||
| 1. Compliance with required inspection provisions of the construction documents and the approved submittals. | ‒ | X | ‒ | ‒ | Art. 1.5 |
| 2. Verification of f'm and f'AAC prior to construction and for every 5,000 square feet during construction. | ‒ | X | ‒ | ‒ | Art. 1.4B |
| 3. Verification of proportions of materials in premixed or preblended mortar and grout as delivered to the site. | ‒ | X | ‒ | ‒ | Art. 1.5B |
| 4. Verification of slump flow and VSI as delivered to the site for self-consolidating grout. | X | ‒ | ‒ | ‒ | Art. 1.5B.1.b.3 |
| 5. The following shall be verified to ensure compliance: | |||||
| a. Proportions of site-prepared mortar, grout and prestressing grout for bonded tendons. | ‒ | X | ‒ | ‒ | Art. 2.6A |
| b. Placement of masonry units and construction of mortar joints. | ‒ | X | ‒ | ‒ | Art. 3.3B |
| c. Placement of reinforcement, connectors and prestressing tendons and anchorages. | ‒ | X | ‒ | Sec. 1.15 | Art. 3.4, 3.6A |
| d. Grout space prior to grout. | X | ‒ | ‒ | ‒ | Art. 3.2D |
| e. Placement of grout. | X | ‒ | ‒ | ‒ | Art. 3.5 |
| f. Placement of prestressing grout. | X | ‒ | ‒ | ‒ | Art. 3.6C |
| g. Size and location of structural elements. | ‒ | X | ‒ | ‒ | Art. 3.3F |
| h. Type, size and location of anchors, including other details of anchorage of masonry to structural members, frames or other construction. | X | ‒ | ‒ | Sec. 1.2.2(e), 1.16.1 | ‒ |
| i. Specified size, grade and type of reinforcement, anchor bolts, prestressing tendons and anchorages. | ‒ | X | ‒ | Sec. 1.15 | Art. 2.4, 3.4 |
| j. Welding of reinforcing bars. | X | ‒ | ‒ | Sec. 2.1.9.7.2, 3.3.3.4(b) | ‒ |
| k. Preparation, construction and protection of masonry during cold weather (temperature below 40°F) or hot weather (temperature above 90°F). | ‒ | X | Sec. 2104.3, 2104.4 | ‒ | Art. 1.8C, 1.8D |
| l. Application and measurement of prestressing force. | X | ‒ | ‒ | ‒ | Art. 3.6B |
| 6. Preparation of any required grout specimens and/or prisms shall be observed. | X | ‒ | Sec. 2105.2.2, 2105.3 | ‒ | Art. 1.4 |
| For SI: °C = [(°F) - 32]/1.8, 1 square foot = 0.0929m2. |
| a. The specific standards referenced are those listed in Chapter 35. |
Special inspections of the fabrication process of prefabricated wood structural elements and assemblies shall be in accordance with Section 1704.2. Special inspections of site-built assemblies shall be in accordance with Section 1704.1.
High-load diaphragms designed in accordance with Table 2306.2.1(2) shall be installed with special inspections as indicated in Section 1704.1. The special inspector shall inspect the wood structural panel sheathing to ascertain whether it is of the grade and thickness shown on the approved construction documents. Additionally, the special inspector must verify the nominal size of framing members at adjoining panel edges, the nail or staple diameter and length, the number of fastener lines and that the spacing between fasteners in each line and at edge margins agrees with the approved construction documents.
In addition to the requirements of Section 1704.1, metal-plate-connected wood trusses shall be subject to special inspection in accordance with Section 1704.6.2.1 and 1704.6.2.2.
The use of all metal-plate-connected wood trusses shall be subject to special inspection for compliance with the approved construction documents, the requirements of Sections 1704.1, and the following:
1. All installed materials shall be clean, straight and otherwise undamaged. Members and parts shall not be stretched, bent, or otherwise distorted unless such forming is in the integral part of the design. The special inspector shall ensure that damaged members are not used for construction.
2. Profiles of members used structurally shall conform to the dimensions specified in the approved construction documents. The installation shall be inspected for compliance with the approved construction documents regarding locations, positions, beam separators, bearing surfaces, fasteners, screws, bolts and bracing, as applicable.
3. Temporary bracing, shoring, jacks, etc., shall not be removed until the special inspector determines that they are no longer needed.
4. Where prefabricated metal-plate-connected wood trusses are utilized, such prefabricated wood structural elements and assemblies shall also comply with Section 1704.2. Where any metal-plate connectors are utilized in site-built assemblies, such connections and assemblies shall be subject to special inspection for compliance with the requirements of the approved construction documents and manufacturers' instructions.
1. All installed materials shall be clean, straight and otherwise undamaged. Members and parts shall not be stretched, bent, or otherwise distorted unless such forming is in the integral part of the design. The special inspector shall ensure that damaged members are not used for construction.
2. Profiles of members used structurally shall conform to the dimensions specified in the approved construction documents. The installation shall be inspected for compliance with the approved construction documents regarding locations, positions, beam separators, bearing surfaces, fasteners, screws, bolts and bracing, as applicable.
3. Temporary bracing, shoring, jacks, etc., shall not be removed until the special inspector determines that they are no longer needed.
4. Where prefabricated metal-plate-connected wood trusses are utilized, such prefabricated wood structural elements and assemblies shall also comply with Section 1704.2. Where any metal-plate connectors are utilized in site-built assemblies, such connections and assemblies shall be subject to special inspection for compliance with the requirements of the approved construction documents and manufacturers' instructions.
Where a truss clear span is 60 feet (18 288 mm) or greater, the special inspector shall verify that the temporary installation restraint/bracing and the permanent individual truss member restraint/bracing are installed in accordance with the approved truss submittal package.
The fabrication of prefabricated wood I-joists shall be subject to special inspections in accordance with Section 1704.2 and the requirements of Section 2303.1.2.
The erection of prefabricated wood I-joists shall be subject to special inspection for compliance with the approved construction documents, the requirements of Sections 1704.1, and the following:
1. All installed materials shall be clean, straight and otherwise undamaged. Members and parts shall not be stretched, bent, or otherwise distorted unless such forming is in the integral part of the design. The special inspector shall ensure that damaged members are not used for construction.
2. Profiles of members used structurally shall conform to the dimensions specified in the approved construction documents. The installation shall be inspected for compliance with the approved construction documents regarding locations, positions, beam separators, bearing surfaces, fasteners, screws, bolts and bracing, as applicable.
3. The size, location, and number of penetrations shall be inspected for compliance with the approved construction documents and manufacturers' instructions.
4. Temporary bracing, shoring, jacks, etc., shall not be removed until the special inspector determines that they are no longer needed.
1. All installed materials shall be clean, straight and otherwise undamaged. Members and parts shall not be stretched, bent, or otherwise distorted unless such forming is in the integral part of the design. The special inspector shall ensure that damaged members are not used for construction.
2. Profiles of members used structurally shall conform to the dimensions specified in the approved construction documents. The installation shall be inspected for compliance with the approved construction documents regarding locations, positions, beam separators, bearing surfaces, fasteners, screws, bolts and bracing, as applicable.
3. The size, location, and number of penetrations shall be inspected for compliance with the approved construction documents and manufacturers' instructions.
4. Temporary bracing, shoring, jacks, etc., shall not be removed until the special inspector determines that they are no longer needed.
All other structural wood construction shall be subject to progress inspections for the structural frame to the extent required by Section 110.3.3.
The special inspections for existing subsurface conditions, fill placement and load-bearing requirements shall be performed in accordance with Sections 1704.7.1 through 1704.7.3. The approved geotechnical report, required by Section 1802.2, shall be used to determine compliance.
Immediately prior to placement of the footings, foundations, fill or other supporting materials the special inspector shall determine that the site has been prepared and is in accordance with the approved geotechnical report.
During placement and compaction of the fill material, the special inspector shall determine that the material being used and the maximum lift thickness comply with the approved geotechnical report, as specified in Section 1803.5.
The special inspector shall determine, at the approved frequency, that the in-place dry density of the compacted fill complies with the approved geotechnical report.
Boring and test pit operations shall be subject to continuous special inspection to verify compliance with Section 1802. Soil sample recovery operations for test pits shall be subject to continuous special inspection to verify compliance with Section 1802.
Exception: Existing boring, test pit and subsurface investigation records that have been deemed acceptable to the commissioner in accordance with Section 1802.4.2 are not subject to special inspection.
Exception: Existing boring, test pit and subsurface investigation records that have been deemed acceptable to the commissioner in accordance with Section 1802.4.2 are not subject to special inspection.
The special inspector shall prepare a written report that includes statements attesting to the following: that borings were performed in accordance with the procedures established in Section 1802.5, that 100 percent of the borings and test pits were witnessed directly by the designated special inspection agency, the identification of those borings, the name of the individual special inspectors that witnessed the borings and/or test pits; confirmation that the borings and/or test pits were made and carried to the depths indicated; that to the best of the special inspector's knowledge and belief, the description and classification of the soils are a true description of the samples recovered from the respective borings and/or test pits: that such samples were recovered at the levels indicated; and that the boring and/or test pit work progressed in such manner that the samples recovered are reasonably representative of the subsurface conditions.
The installation of deep foundation elements shall be subject to special inspections. A special inspector shall be present continuously during the installation of each deep foundation element, and also shall be present continuously for all required testing of deep foundation elements. The special inspection agency shall submit to the commissioner records of the installation of each deep foundation element, and where testing is required, the special inspection agency shall also submit records of the testing.
The record of installation of each deep foundation element shall include, but not be limited to, the following:
- The identifying designation of the deep foundation element and the date of installation, including the start and end times.
- The size, material, and allowable capacity as specified in the contract drawings.
- The elevation of the minimum required depth of penetration, and the final tip elevation and butt elevation.
- For driven piles, record the type and size of hammer and record the number of blows per foot of penetration from the start of driving until the final blow count required by the contract drawings is reached.
- For driven or drilled piles filled with concrete or grout:
- Prior to placing concrete, inspect the inside of the pile for alignment and damage. Record the results of the inspection, noting whether or not the pile is in compliance with Sections 1808, 1809, and 1810, and contract requirements.
- Witness the placement of concrete or grout inside the deep foundation element, and record the volume placed. Note the date and time of placement, and whether or not the concrete or grout was placed in compliance with Sections 1808, 1809, and 1810, and contract requirements.
- For drilled or vibrated deep foundation elements, record the equipment and method used for installation and record the time for each foot of penetration from the start of installation until completion.
- For deep foundation elements requiring a rock socket:
- Record the equipment and method of drilling the rock socket. Record the top elevation and bottom elevation of the rock socket, as well as the time for each foot of drilling the rock socket.
- Inspect the rock socket as required by contract drawings. Record the results of the inspection and note whether or not the rock socket complies with the requirements of Sections 1808, 1809, and 1810, and the contract requirements.
- Record the elevation of splices and note whether or not the splices were installed and located in compliance with the requirements of Sections 1808, 1809, and 1810, and the contract requirements.
- For methods of deep foundation element installation not covered by Items 1 through 8 above, perform additional inspection as required by the contract drawings and record the results noting whether or not the deep foundation elements comply with the requirements of Sections 1808, 1809, and 1810, and the contract requirements.
The records of testing of deep foundation elements shall include but not be limited to the following:
1. For load test requiring a load or reaction frame, inspect the construction of the load or reaction frame. Record the results of the inspection and note whether or not the frame complies with the design drawings for the frame signed and sealed by a registered design professional.
2. The identifying designation for the element being tested, and the date of the testing, including the start and end time.
3. Record the method of performing the test, including the equipment being used, as well as the test results, noting whether or not the method of testing and the test results comply with the requirements of Sections 1808, 1809, and 1810, and the contract requirements.
1. For load test requiring a load or reaction frame, inspect the construction of the load or reaction frame. Record the results of the inspection and note whether or not the frame complies with the design drawings for the frame signed and sealed by a registered design professional.
2. The identifying designation for the element being tested, and the date of the testing, including the start and end time.
3. Record the method of performing the test, including the equipment being used, as well as the test results, noting whether or not the method of testing and the test results comply with the requirements of Sections 1808, 1809, and 1810, and the contract requirements.
For steel elements, perform additional inspections in accordance with Section 1704.3. For concrete or grout, and concrete or grout filled elements, perform additional inspection in accordance with Section 1704.4.
The special inspector's submittal of installation records for each deep foundation element, and testing records when required, shall include the following:
1. A location plan showing the designation identifying each deep foundation element, and the location of required testing.
2. A written summary of the installation and testing performed, signed by the special inspector, including a statement verifying that all installation and testing complies with the requirements of Sections 1808, 1809, and 1810, and the contract requirements.
1. A location plan showing the designation identifying each deep foundation element, and the location of required testing.
2. A written summary of the installation and testing performed, signed by the special inspector, including a statement verifying that all installation and testing complies with the requirements of Sections 1808, 1809, and 1810, and the contract requirements.
Special inspections shall be performed continuously during installation of helical pile foundations. The information recorded shall include installation equipment used, pile dimensions, tip elevations, final depth, final installation torque and other pertinent installation data as required by the registered design professional of record. The approved geotechnical report and the construction documents prepared by the registered design professional and standards established by the commissioner pursuant to Section 28-113.2.2 of the Administrative Code shall be used to determine compliance.
Special inspection shall be performed in accordance with Section 1704.5 for vertical masonry foundation elements.
Exception: Piers for support of lightweight fences, recreational equipment, site furnishings and similar construction, unless special inspection is specifically noted as required on the approved construction documents.
Exception: Piers for support of lightweight fences, recreational equipment, site furnishings and similar construction, unless special inspection is specifically noted as required on the approved construction documents.
Special inspection is required for exterior architectural wall panels and the anchoring of veneers designed for installation on buildings above a height of 40 feet (12 192 mm). Special inspection of masonry veneer on such structures shall be in accordance with Section 1704.5.
Exceptions: Special inspection of wall panels, curtain walls and veneers is not applicable to:
1. Repairs and replacement in kind of gaskets or seals; or
2. Reglazing other than 4-sided structural silicone glazing.
Exceptions: Special inspection of wall panels, curtain walls and veneers is not applicable to:
1. Repairs and replacement in kind of gaskets or seals; or
2. Reglazing other than 4-sided structural silicone glazing.
The special inspector shall become familiar with and retain a copy of the approved construction documents, and the following items, as applicable, approved by the registered design professional of record:
1. Shop drawings.
2. Instructions for the sequence of component installation.
3. Samples and/or mock-ups, if supplied.
1. Shop drawings.
2. Instructions for the sequence of component installation.
3. Samples and/or mock-ups, if supplied.
The special inspector shall field check the site conditions at the time the structure is prepared for component installation, and periodically during component installation, to verify the following work is performed in compliance with the approved construction documents, including that:
1. The supporting structure for components being installed is aligned and within specified tolerances required for the components;
2. Required inserts are installed;
3. Framing components are installed and aligned as specified, and without structural defects or weakness;
4. Anchors are placed, welded, bolted and finished as specified, as applicable;
5. Weeps, flashings and tubes are installed as specified and functioning;
6. Joinery and end dams are sealed as specified;
7. Sealing materials with specified adhesive and movement capabilities are installed;
8. Gaskets, tapes, seals, insulation, flashing and other materials that are barriers to air and water movement, vapor drive, and heat loss are installed as specified;
9. Joint filler materials that accommodate specified horizontal and vertical movement are installed in accordance with the manufacturers' instructions; and
10. Any other observations pertinent to safety of performance of the wall system.
1. The supporting structure for components being installed is aligned and within specified tolerances required for the components;
2. Required inserts are installed;
3. Framing components are installed and aligned as specified, and without structural defects or weakness;
4. Anchors are placed, welded, bolted and finished as specified, as applicable;
5. Weeps, flashings and tubes are installed as specified and functioning;
6. Joinery and end dams are sealed as specified;
7. Sealing materials with specified adhesive and movement capabilities are installed;
8. Gaskets, tapes, seals, insulation, flashing and other materials that are barriers to air and water movement, vapor drive, and heat loss are installed as specified;
9. Joint filler materials that accommodate specified horizontal and vertical movement are installed in accordance with the manufacturers' instructions; and
10. Any other observations pertinent to safety of performance of the wall system.
Special inspections for sprayed fire-resistant materials applied to floor, roof and wall assemblies and structural members shall be in accordance with Sections 1704.11.1 through 1704.11.7. Special inspections shall be based on the fire-resistance design as designated in the approved construction documents. The tests set forth in this section shall be based on samplings from specific floor, roof and wall assemblies and structural members. Special inspections shall be performed after the rough installation of electrical, automatic sprinkler, mechanical and plumbing systems and suspension systems for ceilings, where applicable.
The special inspections shall include the following tests and observations to demonstrate compliance with the listing and the fire-resistance rating:
1. Condition of substrates.
2. Thickness of application.
3. Density in pounds per cubic foot (kg/m3).
4. Bond strength adhesion/cohesion.
5. Condition of finished application.
1. Condition of substrates.
2. Thickness of application.
3. Density in pounds per cubic foot (kg/m3).
4. Bond strength adhesion/cohesion.
5. Condition of finished application.
The surfaces shall be prepared in accordance with the approved fire-resistance design and the written instructions of approved manufacturers. The prepared surface of structural members to be sprayed shall be inspected before the application of the sprayed fire-resistant material.
The substrate shall have a minimum ambient temperature before and after application as specified in the written instructions of approved manufacturers. The area for application shall be ventilated during and after application as required by the written instructions of approved manufacturers.
The thickness of the sprayed fire-resistant materials shall comply with the following:
1. No more than 10 percent of the thickness measurements of the sprayed fire-resistant materials applied to floor, roof and wall assemblies and structural members shall be less than the thickness required by the approved fire-resistance design ;
2. In no case shall the thickness be less than the minimum allowable thickness required by Section 1704.11.4.1.
1. No more than 10 percent of the thickness measurements of the sprayed fire-resistant materials applied to floor, roof and wall assemblies and structural members shall be less than the thickness required by the approved fire-resistance design ;
2. In no case shall the thickness be less than the minimum allowable thickness required by Section 1704.11.4.1.
For design thicknesses 1 inch (25 mm) or greater, the minimum allowable individual thickness shall be the design thickness minus 1/4inch (6.4 mm). For design thicknesses less than 1 inch (25 mm), the minimum allowable individual thickness shall be the design thickness minus 25 percent. Thickness shall be determined in accordance with ASTM E 605. Samples of the sprayed fire-resistant materials shall be selected in accordance with Sections 1704.11.4.2 and 1704.11.4.3.
Thickness measurements shall be selected from a square area, 12 inches by 12 inches (305 mm by 305 mm) in size. A minimum of four measurements shall be made, located symmetrically within the square area.
Thickness measurements shall be selected from a square area, 12 inches by 12 inches (305 mm by 305 mm) in size. A minimum of four measurements shall be made, located symmetrically within the square area, including one each of the following: valley, crest and sides. The average of the measurements shall be reported.
The thickness of the sprayed fire-resistant material applied to structural members shall be determined in accordance with ASTM E 605. Thickness testing shall be performed on not less than 25 percent of the structural members on each floor.
At beams and girders thickness measurements shall be made at nine locations around the beam or girder at each end of a 12-inch (305 mm) length.
At joists and trusses, thickness measurements shall be made at seven locations around the joist or truss at each end of a 12-inch (305 mm) length.
At wide-flanged columns, thickness measurements shall be made at 12 locations around the column at each end of a 12-inch (305 mm) length.
At hollow structural section and pipe columns, thickness measurements shall be made at a minimum of four locations around the column at each end of a 12-inch (305 mm) length.
The density of the sprayed fire-resistant material shall not be less than the density specified in the approved fire-resistance design. Density of the sprayed fire-resistant material shall be determined in accordance with ASTM E 605. The test samples for determining the density of the sprayed fire-resistant materials shall be selected as follows:
1. From each floor, roof and wall assembly at the rate of not less than one sample for every 2,500 square feet (232 m2) or portion thereof of the sprayed area in each story.
2. From beams, girders, trusses and columns at the rate of not less than one sample for each type of structural member for each 2,500 square feet (232 m2) of floor area or portion thereof in each story.
1. From each floor, roof and wall assembly at the rate of not less than one sample for every 2,500 square feet (232 m2) or portion thereof of the sprayed area in each story.
2. From beams, girders, trusses and columns at the rate of not less than one sample for each type of structural member for each 2,500 square feet (232 m2) of floor area or portion thereof in each story.
The cohesive/adhesive bond strength of the cured sprayed fire-resistant material applied to floor, roof and wall assemblies and structural members shall not be less than 150 pounds per square foot (psf) (7.18 kN/m2). The cohesive/adhesive bond strength shall be determined in accordance with the field test specified in ASTM E 736 by testing in-place samples of the sprayed fire-resistant material selected in accordance with Sections 1704.11.6.1 through 1704.11.6. 3.
The test samples for determining the cohesive/adhesive bond strength of the sprayed fire-resistant materials shall be selected from each floor, roof and wall assembly at the rate of not less than one sample for every 2,500 square feet (232 m2) or part thereof of the sprayed area in each story.
The test samples for determining the cohesive/adhesive bond strength of the sprayed fire-resistant materials shall be selected from beams, girders, joists, trusses, columns and other structural members at the rate of not less than one sample for each type of structural member for each 2,500 square feet (232 m2) of floor area or portion thereof in each story.
Bond tests to qualify a primer, paint or encapsulant shall be conducted when the sprayed fire-resistant material is applied to a primed, painted or encapsulated surface for which acceptable bond-strength performance between these coatings and the fire-resistant material has not been determined. A bonding agent approved by the SFRM manufacturer shall be applied to a primed, painted or encapsulated surface where the bond strengths are found to be less than required values.
In office spaces and spaces classified in Occupancy Group B, where an alteration exposes any required sprayed fire-resistant materials on structural members or where, pursuant to an alteration, persons are required to enter or access areas in which such sprayed fire-resistant materials are capable of being observed, the existing required sprayed fire-resistant materials shall be subject to special inspection. Such inspection shall require a determination, based on visual inspection, (i) that the existing sprayed fire-resistant materials as originally applied or installed comply with the applicable requirements of this code, including those for installation methods, materials, thickness and coverage; and (ii) that, since their original application, the integrity of the existing sprayed fire-resistant materials has not been compromised, damaged or displaced by the current alteration or by any prior alteration or other event.
Special inspections for mastic and intumescent fire-resistant coatings applied to structural elements and decks shall be in accordance with AWCI 12-B. Special inspections shall be based on the fire-resistance design as designated in the approved construction documents.
Special inspections shall be required for all EIFS applications installed more than 15 feet (4572 mm) above adjacent finished grades and alterations to existing EIFS installations more than 15 feet (4572 mm) above adjacent finished grades.
The special inspection shall include verification of: compliance with approved construction documents for attachment to structure, installation of waterproofing membranes, weeps, drains, mold prevention features and conformance with the manufacturers' installation guidelines.
A water-resistive barrier coating complying with ASTM E 2570 requires special inspection of the water-resistive barrier coating when installed over a sheathing substrate.
Special inspections shall be required for proposed work that is, in the opinion of the commissioner, unusual in its nature, such as, but not limited to, the following examples:
1. Construction materials and systems that are alternatives to materials and systems prescribed by this code.
2. Unusual design applications of materials described in this code.
3. Materials and systems required to be installed in accordance with additional manufacturer's instructions that prescribe requirements not contained in this code or in standards referenced by this code.
1. Construction materials and systems that are alternatives to materials and systems prescribed by this code.
2. Unusual design applications of materials described in this code.
3. Materials and systems required to be installed in accordance with additional manufacturer's instructions that prescribe requirements not contained in this code or in standards referenced by this code.
Where special inspections are required for proposed work in accordance with Section 1704.14, the special inspection shall be performed by special inspectors qualified to inspect the work to be inspected. The qualifications of the special inspector shall be acceptable to the commissioner.
Smoke control systems shall be tested by a special inspector in accordance with Sections 1704.15.1 and 909.
Exception: Post-fire smoke purge systems that are not required to function as a smoke control system shall be permitted to be inspected pursuant to the special inspection requirements of Section 1704.16.
Exception: Post-fire smoke purge systems that are not required to function as a smoke control system shall be permitted to be inspected pursuant to the special inspection requirements of Section 1704.16.
The test scope shall be as follows:
1. During erection of ductwork and prior to concealment for the purposes of leakage testing and recording of device location.
2. Prior to occupancy and after sufficient completion for the purposes of pressure difference testing, flow measurements and detection and control verification.
1. During erection of ductwork and prior to concealment for the purposes of leakage testing and recording of device location.
2. Prior to occupancy and after sufficient completion for the purposes of pressure difference testing, flow measurements and detection and control verification.
Special inspection agencies for smoke control shall have expertise in fire protection engineering and mechanical engineering and certification as air balancers.
Mechanical systems regulated which require a certificate of compliance in accordance with Section 28-116.4.1 of the Administrative Code shall be inspected for conformance with the approved construction documents.
Tests of mechanical systems shall be performed in accordance with Sections 507.16, 1011, 1108 and 1208 of the New York City Mechanical Code.
Exception: Listed and labeled self-contained factory-built equipment and appliances deemed to meet the design, manufacture and factory test requirements of this code shall be field tested in accordance with the manufacturers' installation and operational test standards.
Exception: Listed and labeled self-contained factory-built equipment and appliances deemed to meet the design, manufacture and factory test requirements of this code shall be field tested in accordance with the manufacturers' installation and operational test standards.
Inspections of mechanical systems shall include the following as applicable to the system:
- Visual certification that required components of such systems are complete in accordance with the manufacturers' installation guidelines and the approved construction documents;
- Supports, hangers, and vibration isolation equipment are properly spaced and anchored to supporting structure;
- Seismic bracing shall be inspected in accordance with Section 1707.7.
- Installation of required signage and safety instructions;
- Electrical components are installed and electrical sign-off issued;
- Ventilation balancing report is complete and in accordance with design documents and the system is operating as designed;
- Required labeling, operational instructions and safety signage properly posted;
- All related special inspections for such systems are complete;
- The installation of exterior mechanical equipment for compliance with the approved construction documents, including, as applicable:
- Equipment specified;
- Equipment location;
- Installation and attachment details;
- Vibration isolation installation; and
- Other items specified by the applicant of record for the mechanical equipment design necessary to verify compliance with Section 928.2.1 of the New York City Mechanical Code.
- Required fire and smoke dampers are installed and functioning properly.
Fuel-oil storage equipment, including tanks, pumps, valves, transfer, return, fill and vent piping, hangers and bracing, fill and vent terminals, and related systems regulated by Section 1308 of the New York City Mechanical Code, shall be inspected for conformance with the approved construction documents and the manufacturers' installation standards. Testing of fuel storage tanks and piping shall be performed in accordance with Section 1308 of the New York City Mechanical Code. Special inspection of seismic bracing shall be performed in accordance with Section 1707.7.
Exceptions:
1. Testing for listed fuel oil storage tanks 660 gallons (2498 L) or less in capacity, supplied with a label or manufacturer's certification attesting that the tank was factory tested to a testing standard indicated in Section 1308.1 of the New York City Mechanical Code.
2. Systems and equipment exempt from service equipment certificate of compliance in accordance with Section 28-116.4.1 of the Administrative Code.
Exceptions:
1. Testing for listed fuel oil storage tanks 660 gallons (2498 L) or less in capacity, supplied with a label or manufacturer's certification attesting that the tank was factory tested to a testing standard indicated in Section 1308.1 of the New York City Mechanical Code.
2. Systems and equipment exempt from service equipment certificate of compliance in accordance with Section 28-116.4.1 of the Administrative Code.
High-pressure-steam piping and high temperature hot water piping regulated by Section 1210 of the New York City Mechanical Code, shall be subject to special inspection in accordance with this section. Special inspection of seismic bracing shall be performed in accordance with Section 1707.7.
The special inspector shall verify the qualifications of the welder and the quality of the welding materials and equipment prior to welding operations. The special inspector shall review the proposed welding procedures for compliance with applicable standards listed in Section 1210.2.2 of the New York City Mechanical Code.
The special inspector shall perform periodic inspection of the pipe joining and welding operations in accordance with the above. Radiographic testing shall be applied to connections as indicated in Section 1210.2.2 of the New York City Mechanical Code. Unacceptable connections and installations shall be rejected.
Hydrostatic testing shall be performed on the completed installation of new and altered systems in accordance with Section 1210.2.3 of the New York City Mechanical Code.
Exception: Testing requirements shall not apply to alteration or repairs to existing piping systems in which the integrity of the piping is not affected. Such alterations shall be visually inspected for compliance with the approved construction documents.
Exception: Testing requirements shall not apply to alteration or repairs to existing piping systems in which the integrity of the piping is not affected. Such alterations shall be visually inspected for compliance with the approved construction documents.
High-pressure-gas piping regulated in Section 406 of the New York City Fuel Gas Code shall be subject to special inspection in accordance with this section. Special inspection of seismic bracing shall be performed in accordance with Section 1707.7.
The special inspector shall verify the qualifications of the welder, the quality of the welding materials and equipment prior to welding operations. The special inspector shall review the proposed welding procedures for compliance with applicable standards listed in Section 406 of the New York City Fuel Gas Code.
The special inspector shall perform periodic special inspection for the pipe joining and welding operations in accordance with the above. Radiographic testing shall be performed to the connections as indicated in Section 406.4 of the New York City Fuel Gas Code.
Pressure testing shall be performed on the completed installation of new and altered systems in accordance with Section 406.4 of the New York City Fuel Gas Code.
Special inspection for structural stability shall be required for construction work as specified in this section or elsewhere in this code. Structural materials and methods of construction utilized in temporary protections shall be subject to special inspection when such materials and methods of construction would be subject to special inspection as a permanent installation in accordance with the applicable sections of this chapter, including but not limited to special inspection for concrete, welding, and pile driving.
*Section 1704.20 was amended by repealing 1704.20.10 by Local Law 154 of 2017. This law has an effective date of December 28, 2017.
Exception: Alterations consisting of the replacement of existing exterior window or door lintels located less than 75 feet (22 860 mm) above curb level spanning less than 4 feet (1219 mm) and existing interior headers spanning less than 4 feet (1219 mm), provided the size of the existing span is not increased, shall be exempt from special inspection for structural stability.
*Section 1704.20 was amended by repealing 1704.20.10 by Local Law 154 of 2017. This law has an effective date of December 28, 2017.
Alterations to existing structures in which loads are transferred from one structural system of structural elements to another, such as installation of columns or girders, replacement of existing bearing walls, the creation of openings or slots in existing walls, girders or floors, alteration of arches, rigid frames, trusses in frame buildings, where the stability or integrity of a structural system is to be temporarily diminished, or where otherwise required by the commissioner, shall be subject to special inspections in accordance with Sections 1704.20.6 through 1704.20.10.
Where construction operations have the potential to affect structurally the condition or occupancy of the subject structure and/or an adjacent structure, the structural stability of such structures shall be subject to special inspections in accordance with Sections 1704.20.6 through 1704.20.10.
Methods employed to protect the sides of excavations meeting the requirements of Item 1 of Section 3304.4.1 shall be subject to special inspections in accordance with Sections 1704.20.6 through 1704.20.10.
The proportions and installation of slurry mixtures to protect the sides of excavations shall be subject to special inspection. Slurry mix proportions and installation procedures shall be provided by a registered design professional, and the special inspection agency shall verify compliance with the approved procedures.
Underpinning of structures shall be subject to special inspections in accordance with Sections 1704.20.6 through 1704.20.10.
In addition to the special inspection for structural stability, any new foundation elements installed as part of underpinning operations shall be subject to special inspection as a permanent installation in accordance with the applicable sections of this chapter, including, but not limited to, special inspection for concrete, welding, and pile driving.
Where mechanical demolition equipment, other than handheld devices, is to be used in the full or partial demolition of a building from within the building, or is to be used within the building to remove debris or move material, such demolition operation shall be subject to special inspection in accordance with Sections 1704.20.6 through 1704.20.10. The special inspector shall visit the site a minimum of three times: before demolition operations start, during demolition, and at the conclusion of demolition.
A periodic special inspection shall be required in accordance with Sections 1704.20.6 through 1704.20.10 where the lowest above-grade floor or the lowest subgrade floor of a building is to be raised, lifted, elevated or moved.
Prior to commencement of work, the special inspector shall review the contractor's proposed sequence of operations and determine the areas of work that require design. A written statement shall be prepared, mutually acceptable to the contractor and the special inspector, indicating:
1. The portions of work requiring design documents in accordance with Section 1704.20.7.
2. The names and addresses of the licensed professionals that have been engaged to supply design documents for applicable work.
3. The approximate dates for delivery of design documents.
4. A schedule of periodic special inspections, at agreed intervals, including adequate frequency to assure the contractor's continued compliance with the proposed designs and sequence of construction operations. At a minimum, the site must be inspected twice, once at a pre-construction meeting with the contractor and once during construction operations.
1. The portions of work requiring design documents in accordance with Section 1704.20.7.
2. The names and addresses of the licensed professionals that have been engaged to supply design documents for applicable work.
3. The approximate dates for delivery of design documents.
4. A schedule of periodic special inspections, at agreed intervals, including adequate frequency to assure the contractor's continued compliance with the proposed designs and sequence of construction operations. At a minimum, the site must be inspected twice, once at a pre-construction meeting with the contractor and once during construction operations.
Design documents, including shop drawings, sketches and written descriptions of proposed work regarding structural stability in construction operations shall be prepared by a registered design professional in the employ of the owner or the contractor. Such designs may be revised at any time by the registered design professional. Copies of the special inspection log book, the design documents and revisions thereof, shall be maintained at the job site, and at the office of the special inspector, available for use and review at all reasonable times, until the work subject to special inspection is complete. In the case of alteration to existing structures, the structural stability design documents shall be reviewed by the registered design professional of record.
The design documents shall include any requirements for monitoring of the subject structure and/or adjacent structures, as determined by the registered design professional responsible for the design. The monitoring plan shall be specific to the buildings to be monitored and operations to be undertaken, and shall specify the scope and frequency of monitoring, acceptable tolerances, and reporting criteria for when tolerances are exceeded.
The special inspector shall visit the jobsite at agreed intervals, assess the ongoing work and verify that operations conform with the design documents. Deficiencies shall be reported as required by Section 1704.1.2. In the event unsafe conditions are discovered, the commissioner and the registered design professional employed by the contractor shall be immediately notified by the special inspector.
The special inspection logbook shall be maintained at the special inspector's office and shall contain the following information:
- Project identification, application number and address.
- Date and time of each inspection.
- Names of personnel who performed each inspection.
- Dates of off-site meetings, names of the participants and a summary of the conversations.
- Any significant observations or instructions given related to any of the following:
- Deviations from the design documents.
- Anticipated field conditions.
- Proper execution of the work.
- Safe jobsite conditions.
- Precautions taken to maintain safe conditions, if work is stopped for any reason.
Storm water detention and retention systems required to comply with Section 1114 of the New York City Plumbing Code, and roof detention facilities shall be inspected for compliance with the provisions of this section.
Soil borings, testpits and soil percolation testing shall be subject to the special inspection requirements of this section.
Prior to the approval of construction documents, soil borings and testpits shall be performed in accordance with the provisions of Section 1114.2.1 of the New York City Plumbing Code. Soil borings and testpits shall be performed under the supervision of a special inspector. The results of the soil borings and testpits shall be filed on forms provided by the department.
Prior to the approval of construction documents, soil percolation tests shall be performed in accordance with the provisions of Section 1114.2.2 of the New York City Plumbing Code at the site of a proposed on-site stormwater drainage and detention facility installation to determine the suitability of the soil and site. Such test shall be performed under the supervision of a special inspector. The results of the percolation tests shall be filed on forms provided by the department, stating the suitability of the site and the capacity of the subsoil for the proposed use. The registered design professional of record for the dry-well system shall be notified immediately if the results of the percolation test demonstrate that the system may not function as designed.
Private on-site stormwater disposal systems and detention facilities shall be inspected for conformance with the approved construction documents. Minor variations, based on actual site conditions, shall be acceptable at the discretion of the registered design professional of record. Verification shall include:
1. Materials of construction.
2. Bedding of pipe and facilities.
3. Placement and installation of fill materials.
4. Volume of drywell and detention facilities.
5. Installation of volume flow control devices.
6. Workmanship and quality of installation.
7. Overall conformance with the approved construction documents.
8. Detention tanks, and roofs used for stormwater detention, shall be filled with water to demonstrate water tightness for a 2-hour duration or as specified by the registered design professional or the manufacturer's specifications.
1. Materials of construction.
2. Bedding of pipe and facilities.
3. Placement and installation of fill materials.
4. Volume of drywell and detention facilities.
5. Installation of volume flow control devices.
6. Workmanship and quality of installation.
7. Overall conformance with the approved construction documents.
8. Detention tanks, and roofs used for stormwater detention, shall be filled with water to demonstrate water tightness for a 2-hour duration or as specified by the registered design professional or the manufacturer's specifications.
Individual on-site private sewage disposal systems shall be inspected in accordance with the rules of the department.
New and altered sprinkler system shall be inspected in accordance with Sections 903 and 1704.23.1. The permit holder responsible for the sprinkler work shall perform all required acceptance tests, complete and sign the appropriate contractor's material and test certifications. The special inspector shall witness all required tests and shall verify that all installations of all materials, fittings, hangers, assemblies and signage are in accordance with the approved construction documents, that painting of the sprinkler system required by Section 903.6 of this code has been performed and that the contractor has transmitted required maintenance literature and instruction to the owner. The special inspector shall verify that the material and test certification forms have been transmitted to the Fire Department and the Department of Buildings. Seismic bracing shall be inspected in accordance with Section 1707.7.
Exception: The special inspection agency need not witness the hydrostatic pressure test when such test is witnessed by the department.
Exception: The special inspection agency need not witness the hydrostatic pressure test when such test is witnessed by the department.
All new or altered sprinkler systems in buildings shall undergo successful hydrostatic pressure testing by a licensed master plumber or licensed fire suppression piping contractor in accordance with the requirements of this code, including Section 901.5, and NFPA 13.
New and altered standpipe systems shall be inspected in accordance with Sections 905 and 1704.24.1. The permit holder responsible for the standpipe work shall perform all required acceptance tests, and complete and sign the appropriate contractor's material and test certifications. The special inspector shall witness all required tests, verify that installation of all materials, fittings, hangers, assemblies and signage are in accordance with the approved construction documents, that painting of the standpipe system required by Section 905.11 of this code has been performed and that the contractor has transmitted required maintenance literature and instruction to the owner. The special inspector shall verify that the material and test certification forms have been transmitted to the Fire Department and the Department of Buildings. Seismic bracing shall be inspected in accordance with Section 1707.7.
Exception: The special inspection agency need not witness the hydrostatic pressure test shall not be required when such test is witnessed by the department.
Exception: The special inspection agency need not witness the hydrostatic pressure test shall not be required when such test is witnessed by the department.
All new or altered standpipe systems in buildings shall undergo successful hydrostatic pressure testing by a licensed master plumber or licensed fire suppression piping contractor in accordance with the requirements of this code, including Section 901.5, Sections 1704.24.1.1 through 1704.24.1.5 and NFPA 14.
Exception: When the standpipe system is exposed to freezing conditions, a hydrostatic pressure test required by this section may be postponed until such conditions no longer exist, notwithstanding any requirement that the standpipe be maintained in a state of readiness, provided that the system undergoes an interim test with dry nitrogen or air using a compressor in accordance with NFPA 14. Any such air pressure tests shall be witnessed by the special inspector unless witnessed by the department.
Exception: When the standpipe system is exposed to freezing conditions, a hydrostatic pressure test required by this section may be postponed until such conditions no longer exist, notwithstanding any requirement that the standpipe be maintained in a state of readiness, provided that the system undergoes an interim test with dry nitrogen or air using a compressor in accordance with NFPA 14. Any such air pressure tests shall be witnessed by the special inspector unless witnessed by the department.
For standpipes required to comply with Section 3303.8 of this code, an initial hydrostatic pressure test of the entire system shall be performed when the building reaches a height of 75 feet (22 860 mm) and additional successful hydrostatic pressure tests of the entire system shall be performed at 175 feet (53 340 mm), and at every 100 feet (30 480 mm) in height thereafter. The permit holder shall perform a final acceptance test of the completed system in accordance with the requirements of Section 901.5 of this code.
Where there is an enlargement that triggers a new standpipe system or there is an addition to an existing standpipe system, hydrostatic pressure tests of the entire system shall be performed for every 75 feet (22 860 mm) of additional height added to the system. The permit holder shall perform a final acceptance test of the completed system in accordance with the requirements of Section 901.5 of this code.
Where stories are removed from a building served by an existing standpipe system, hydrostatic pressure tests of the entire system shall be performed prior to the commencement of work.
For alterations not covered under Sections 1704.24.1.2 or 1704.24.1.3 above, the permit holder shall perform a final acceptance test of the completed system in accordance with the requirements of Section 901.5 of this code.
No standpipe system shall be considered in readiness until there has been a successful hydrostatic pressure test.
Special inspection shall be required for new and altered boilers and heating systems. All boilers and heating systems, including chimney connectors, shall be inspected for compliance with the approved construction documents. New heating systems shall be tested in accordance with Section 1011 of the New York City Mechanical Code. Alterations to heating systems shall be subjected to applicable tests for the altered portions of the system and to verify its satisfactory operation within the existing system. Special inspection of seismic bracing shall be performed in accordance with Section 1707.7.
Exception: Tests and inspections need not duplicate any tests or inspections previously certified by the commissioner or a duly authorized insurance company.
Exception: Tests and inspections need not duplicate any tests or inspections previously certified by the commissioner or a duly authorized insurance company.
New and altered chimneys shall be subject to special inspection. The chimney shall be inspected to verify compliance with the approved construction documents, and proper clearance or isolation from adjacent combustible construction. Testing of the chimney shall be performed in accordance with Section 810 of the New York City Mechanical Code and Section 503.5.6 of the New York City Fuel Gas Code. Special inspection of seismic bracing shall be performed in accordance with Section 1707.7.
Exception: A pressurized smoke test need not be performed on an existing negative pressure chimney if the lining of such chimney is not affected by alterations and the registered design professional specifies on the approved construction documents that such test does not need to be performed on such chimney. Refer to Section 810 of the New York City Mechanical Code and Section 503.5.6 of the New York City Fuel Gas Code for smoke test requirements.
Exception: A pressurized smoke test need not be performed on an existing negative pressure chimney if the lining of such chimney is not affected by alterations and the registered design professional specifies on the approved construction documents that such test does not need to be performed on such chimney. Refer to Section 810 of the New York City Mechanical Code and Section 503.5.6 of the New York City Fuel Gas Code for smoke test requirements.
Special inspections for through-penetrations, membrane penetration firestops, fire-resistant joint systems, and perimeter fire barrier systems that are tested and listed in accordance with Sections 713.4.1.1.2, 713.4.1.2, 714.3 and 714.4 shall comply with Sections 1704.27.1 and 1704.27.2.
Inspections of penetration firestop systems that are tested and listed in accordance with Sections 713.4.1.1.2 and 713.4.1.2 shall be conducted by an approved special inspection agency in accordance with ASTM E 2174.
Inspection of fire-resistant joint systems that are tested and listed in accordance with Sections 714.3 and 714.4 shall be conducted by an approved special inspection agency in accordance with ASTM E 2393.
The special inspections for structural aluminum elements of buildings and structures shall be as required by Section 1704.28.1.
All welding operations of aluminum elements shall be subject to special inspection for compliance with this code, AA ADM, and AWS D1.2.
Exception: Welding operations in connections where the calculated stresses in the welds are less than 50 percent of the basic allowable values. Such connections shall be specifically indicated on the approved construction documents.
Exception: Welding operations in connections where the calculated stresses in the welds are less than 50 percent of the basic allowable values. Such connections shall be specifically indicated on the approved construction documents.
Special inspection for flood zone compliance shall be as required by Appendix G of this code.
The installation of photoluminescent egress path markings shall be subject to special inspection. The special inspector shall verify that approved photoluminescent egress path markings were provided and installed in accordance with department rules and regulations, the approved construction documents, and manufacturer's instructions.
The installation of generators as part of emergency and standby power systems shall be subject to special inspection. The special inspector shall: perform visual inspections; verify that the installations of all materials, equipment and signage complies with the installation standards; and verify that the installation of the generator and associated connections complies with the approved construction documents. The special inspector shall witness tests that verify the automatic operation of the emergency or standby power system in accordance with NFPA 110 and NFPA 111, as such standards may have been amended by the New York City Electrical Code or this code. Deficient results shall be rejected, and deficiencies shall be corrected and successfully retested in the presence of the special inspector prior to sign-off of the emergency or standby power system special inspection. Special inspection of seismic bracing shall be performed in accordance with Section 1707.7.
The installation of post-installed mechanical anchors, adhesive anchors, and screw anchors shall comply with Table 1704.32. The special inspection shall include the verification of compliance with approved construction documents and standards established by the commissioner pursuant to Section 28-113.2.2 of the Administrative Code.
TABLE 1704.32 REQUIRED VERIFICATION AND INSPECTION OF POST-INSTALLED ANCHORS
TABLE 1704.32 REQUIRED VERIFICATION AND INSPECTION OF POST-INSTALLED ANCHORS
| VERIFICATION AND INSPECTION | CONTINUOUS | PERIODIC | REFERENCED STANDARD | BC REFERENCE |
| 1. Preparation, placement, type, size and location of anchors, including other details of anchors, installed in hardened concrete, and installed to hardened concrete and to another construction. | ___ | X | ACI 318: 3.8.6, 8.1.3, 15.8.3, 21.1.8 | 1912.1, 1908.1.9 |
| 2. Preparation, placement, type, size and location of anchors, including other details of anchors, installed in masonry, and installed to masonry and to another construction. | ___ | X | Manufacturer's specifications and installation instructions | |
| 3. Preparation, placement, type, size and location of anchors, including other details of anchors, installed in stone, and installed to stone and to another construction. | ___ | X | Manufacturer's specifications and installation instructions |