Scaffolds utilized in conjunction with the construction or demolition of a building or structure shall be erected and maintained so that the safety of public and property will not be endangered by falling material or equipment, or by collapse of the scaffold.
For the purposes of this section, the height of a scaffold shall be measured from the base of the scaffold to the top of the uppermost vertical member of the scaffold, with any temporary structure, but not any permanent structure, on which the scaffold rests included in the height measurement.
Prior to the installation and use of a scaffold, the contractor or licensee who is to install the scaffold, or a designated representative of the installer, shall obtain a permit for such scaffold.
Exceptions:
- A permit is not required for a two-point suspended scaffold suspended from a parapet using C-hooks.
- A permit is not required for a suspended scaffold provided:
- The scaffold is installed and used in conjunction with a construction, alteration, or demolition project that holds a valid permit from the department for such project;
- The site is closed to the public and enclosed with a fence in accordance with Section 3307; and
- The installation, use, and removal of the scaffold is confined within the site or over an area protected by sidewalk sheds or roof protection.
- Window washing equipment that is permanently anchored to the building or structure by a davit.
- A permit is not required for a supported scaffold, provided:
- The scaffold is not an outrigger scaffold (thrust out);
- No hoisting equipment with a manufacturer's rated capacity greater than 2,000 pounds (907 kg) will be located on the scaffold;
- The scaffold will not be loaded, or designed to be loaded, in excess of 75 pounds per square foot (366.15 kg/m2); and
- The scaffold is less than 40 feet (12 192 mm) in height.
Scaffolds shall be designed, as follows.
Supported scaffolds and outrigger scaffolds (thrust out) shall be designed by a registered design professional. Where the scaffold is to be located upon a sidewalk shed, the requirements of Section 3307.6.4.2.2 shall also apply.
Exception: Design is not required for a supported scaffold, provided:
1. The scaffold is not an outrigger scaffold (thrust out);
2. No hoisting equipment with a manufacturer's rated capacity greater than 2,000 pounds (907 kg) will be located on the scaffold;
3. The scaffold will not be loaded, or designed to be loaded, in excess of 75 pounds per square foot (366.15 kg/m2);
4. The scaffold is less than 40 feet (12 192 mm) in height;
5. Side-arm or end-arm scaffold brackets are used exclusively for the support of workers; and
6. The scaffold is a light duty scaffold, a medium duty scaffold, or a heavy duty scaffold.
Exception: Design is not required for a supported scaffold, provided:
1. The scaffold is not an outrigger scaffold (thrust out);
2. No hoisting equipment with a manufacturer's rated capacity greater than 2,000 pounds (907 kg) will be located on the scaffold;
3. The scaffold will not be loaded, or designed to be loaded, in excess of 75 pounds per square foot (366.15 kg/m2);
4. The scaffold is less than 40 feet (12 192 mm) in height;
5. Side-arm or end-arm scaffold brackets are used exclusively for the support of workers; and
6. The scaffold is a light duty scaffold, a medium duty scaffold, or a heavy duty scaffold.
Suspended scaffolds shall be designed by a registered design professional.
Exceptions:
- Design is not required for a single tier nonadjustable suspended scaffold whose platform is 40 square feet (12 192 mm) or less in size.
- In lieu of a registered design professional, a two-point, single tier, suspended scaffold may be designed by a licensed rigger provided:
- The scaffold or scaffold outrigger beam or suspension member support structure is not anchored to the building or structure, other than tiebacks; and
- The scaffold will not be loaded, or designed to be loaded, in excess of 75 pounds per square foot (366.15 kg/m2); and either
- The scaffold utilizes c-hooks; or
- The distance from floor or roof on which the support structure is located to the top of the outrigger beam or suspension member support structure is less than 15 feet (4572 mm) .
- In lieu of a registered design professional or a licensed rigger, a two-point, single tier, suspended scaffold meeting the requirements of Item 2 of these exceptions that is used exclusively for sign hanging work may be designed by a licensed sign hanger.
Where design is required by this section, the drawings shall, at a minimum, include a plan view and an elevation view, with full dimensions, detailing:
1. The location of the scaffold;
2. Connections and attachments to the base structure, including but not limited to anchorages, fastenings, tie-ins, tie-backs, and lifelines;
3. Any structural modifications required to the base structure;
4. Netting with specific type and manufacturer indicated, overhead protection, or any other equipment attached to the scaffold;
5. Any hoisting equipment located on the scaffold;
6. Platform levels, support centers, and offsets, along with the maximum number of levels to be loaded simultaneously and the maximum loads to be imposed;
7. For a suspended scaffold, ropes, number of clips, and counterweights, as well as outrigger beams or other support devices;
8. For a suspended scaffold that will not be lowered to the street or deck of the sidewalk shed at the end of the shift, how the scaffold will be secured while work is not being performed; and
9. For a supported scaffold, structural members, as well as the founding of the scaffold, including but not limited to sidewalk sheds, floors, roofs, or ground.
1. The location of the scaffold;
2. Connections and attachments to the base structure, including but not limited to anchorages, fastenings, tie-ins, tie-backs, and lifelines;
3. Any structural modifications required to the base structure;
4. Netting with specific type and manufacturer indicated, overhead protection, or any other equipment attached to the scaffold;
5. Any hoisting equipment located on the scaffold;
6. Platform levels, support centers, and offsets, along with the maximum number of levels to be loaded simultaneously and the maximum loads to be imposed;
7. For a suspended scaffold, ropes, number of clips, and counterweights, as well as outrigger beams or other support devices;
8. For a suspended scaffold that will not be lowered to the street or deck of the sidewalk shed at the end of the shift, how the scaffold will be secured while work is not being performed; and
9. For a supported scaffold, structural members, as well as the founding of the scaffold, including but not limited to sidewalk sheds, floors, roofs, or ground.
Where a supported scaffold sits on a sidewalk shed or other temporary structure, the scaffold drawings shall be accompanied by a loads imposed letter signed, sealed, and dated by a registered design professional. The letter shall detail the loads to be imposed by the scaffold onto the base structure and indicate that the registered design professional has reviewed the adequacy of the base structure to sustain the load imposed.
Scaffolds shall be installed and removed in accordance with the requirements of Sections 3314.4.1.1 through 3314.4.1.5.
Suspended scaffolds shall be installed and removed by or under the direct and continuing supervision of a licensed rigger.
Exceptions: In lieu of direct and continuing supervision by a licensed rigger:
- The installation and removal of a suspended scaffold utilized exclusively for sign hanging work may be performed by or under the direct and continuing supervision of a licensed sign hanger.
- The installation and removal of a suspended scaffold may be supervised by a competent person designated by the scaffold permit holder, or where there is no scaffold permit holder, designated by the scaffold controlling entity, provided such scaffold is installed and removed in conjunction with:
- The construction of a new building;
- The full demolition of an existing building;
- The vertical or horizontal enlargement of an existing building; or
- The alteration, maintenance, or repair of a façade of a major building where a site safety plan is required by Section 3310.3.
- The lateral relocation of a wheel or track mounted scaffold and tiebacks may be supervised by a competent person designated by the scaffold controlling entity, provided the design developed by the registered design professional allows for such relocation, and also provided such lateral relocation occurs without the addition or removal of any part, component, attachment, counterweight, anchorage, or connection to the base building or structure, other than tie-backs so long as such tie-backs are placed as designated on the approved plan.
The installation and removal of a supported scaffold shall be supervised by a competent person designated by the contractor installing or removing the scaffold.
The licensee or competent person supervising the installation or removal of a scaffold shall be present at the site during all installation and removal work and shall have the ability to communicate with all individuals involved in the installation or removal work. Where only one person is installing or removing a scaffold, such person shall be deemed to be the supervisor present at the site and must have the qualifications and training required by this chapter to serve as a supervisor for such work.
Exception: The licensed rigger or sign hanger does not have to be present at the site, provided a suspended scaffold foreman is present at the site during all installation and removal work and provided such suspended scaffold foreman has the ability to communicate with all individuals involved in the installation or removal work.
Exception: The licensed rigger or sign hanger does not have to be present at the site, provided a suspended scaffold foreman is present at the site during all installation and removal work and provided such suspended scaffold foreman has the ability to communicate with all individuals involved in the installation or removal work.
All individuals involved in the installation or removal of a supported scaffold or an adjustable suspended scaffold, including the person supervising such work, shall have been trained as required by Section 3314.4.5.
Prior to the initial installation of the adjustable suspended scaffold at a site, and prior to the final removal of the adjustable suspended scaffold at a site, the department shall be notified at least 24 hours, but not more than 48 hours, prior to such installation or removal. Such notification:
1. Where the installation or removal occurs under the direct and continuing supervision of a licensed rigger or sign hanger, shall be made by such licensee; or
2. Where the installation or removal does not occur under the direct and continuing supervision of a licensed rigger or sign hanger, shall be made by the designer of the scaffold.
1. Where the installation or removal occurs under the direct and continuing supervision of a licensed rigger or sign hanger, shall be made by such licensee; or
2. Where the installation or removal does not occur under the direct and continuing supervision of a licensed rigger or sign hanger, shall be made by the designer of the scaffold.
Scaffolds shall be used in accordance with the requirements of Sections 3314.4.2.1 through 3314.4.2.5.
Suspended scaffolds shall be used by or under the direct and continuing supervision of a licensed rigger.
Exceptions:
- In lieu of direct and continuing supervision by a licensed rigger, the use of a suspended scaffold utilized exclusively for sign hanging work may be performed by or under the direct and continuing supervision of a licensed sign hanger.
- In lieu of direct and continuing supervision by a licensed rigger, the use of a suspended scaffold may be supervised by a competent person designated by the scaffold controlling entity, provided such scaffold is used in conjunction with:
- The construction of a new building;
- The full demolition of an existing building;
- The vertical or horizontal enlargement of an existing building; or
- The alteration, maintenance, or repair of a façade of a major building where a site safety plan is required by Section 3310.3.
- Where a scaffold is used by or under the direct and continuing supervision of a licensed rigger, a registered design professional who is not in the direct employ of the licensee or business of the licensee may ride on a suspended scaffold to perform inspections provided the registered design professional:
- Does not perform construction, maintenance, repair, or demolition work from the scaffold;
- Does not operate the scaffold; and
- Is familiar with the use of the scaffold, safety equipment, and emergency procedures.
- Where a scaffold is used by or under the direct and continuing supervision of a licensed rigger, a specialty crew who is not in the direct employ of the licensee or business of the licensee may use the suspended scaffold, provided:
- The work requires a specialty trade, including but not limited to work with hazardous materials or chemicals;
- The crew is in accordance with rules promulgated by the commissioner; and
- The members of the crew are approved by the commissioner.
The use of a supported scaffold shall be supervised by a competent person designated by the scaffold controlling entity.
Where the contractor or licensee that installed the scaffold is not the scaffold controlling entity, the installer shall have no supervisory responsibility for the use of the scaffold.
The licensee or competent person supervising the use of a scaffold shall be present at the site during all times the scaffold is in use and shall have the ability to communicate with all individuals using the scaffold; however, such supervisor does not need to be on the scaffold.
Exception: The licensed rigger or sign hanger does not have to be present at the site, provided a suspended scaffold foreman is present at the site during all times the scaffold is in use and provided such suspended scaffold foreman has the ability to communicate with all individuals using the scaffold. Such suspended scaffold foreman does not need to be on the scaffold.
Exception: The licensed rigger or sign hanger does not have to be present at the site, provided a suspended scaffold foreman is present at the site during all times the scaffold is in use and provided such suspended scaffold foreman has the ability to communicate with all individuals using the scaffold. Such suspended scaffold foreman does not need to be on the scaffold.
All individuals using a supported scaffold or an adjustable suspended scaffold, including the person supervising such use, shall have been trained as required by Section 3314.4.5.
Scaffolds shall be inspected in accordance with the requirements of Sections 3314.4.3.1 through 3314.4.3.6.
Prior to the installation of a suspended scaffold, all suspended scaffold support devices, including but not limited to outrigger beams and C-hooks, along with the support surface upon which they rest, shall be inspected by a qualified person. The qualified person shall:
1. Where the installation or removal occurs under the direct and continuing supervision of a licensed rigger or sign hanger, be designated by such licensee; or
2. Where the installation or removal does not occur under the direct and continuing supervision of a licensed rigger or sign hanger, be designated by the designer of the scaffold.
Exception: An inspection is not required for a non-adjustable suspended scaffold that, pursuant to Section 3314.3.2, is not required to be designed.
1. Where the installation or removal occurs under the direct and continuing supervision of a licensed rigger or sign hanger, be designated by such licensee; or
2. Where the installation or removal does not occur under the direct and continuing supervision of a licensed rigger or sign hanger, be designated by the designer of the scaffold.
Exception: An inspection is not required for a non-adjustable suspended scaffold that, pursuant to Section 3314.3.2, is not required to be designed.
Where parapet clamps are to be utilized, the qualified person who inspects the support surface as required by Section 3314.4.3.1 shall be a registered design professional.
Upon completion of the installation of a suspended scaffold, the scaffold, all components of and attachments to the scaffold, and all supports and anchorages of the scaffold shall be inspected prior to use to verify that they are in a safe condition and, where design is required, installed in accordance with the design drawings. The individual performing the inspection shall have completed the training required by Section 3314.4.5.3 and shall be:
- Where the scaffold was designed by a licensed rigger or sign hanger, or installed by or under the direct and continuing supervision of a licensed rigger or sign hanger:
- The licensee; or
- A suspended scaffold foreman; or
- Where the scaffold was not designed by a licensed rigger or sign hanger, or installed by or under the direct and continuing supervision of a licensed rigger or sign hanger:
- The scaffold designer;
- An employee of the scaffold designer under his or her direct supervision;
- A registered design professional retained by the scaffold designer; or
- An employee of such retained registered design professional under the direct supervision of such retained registered design professional.
Exceptions: An installation inspection is not required for:
- A nonadjustable suspended scaffold that, pursuant to Section 3314.3.2, is not required to be designed; or
- The lateral relocation of a wheel or track mounted scaffold and tiebacks, provided the design developed by the registered design professional allows for such relocation, and also provided such lateral relocation occurs without the addition or removal of any part, component, attachment, counterweight, anchorage, or connection to the base building or structure, other than tie-backs. Following such lateral relocation, the scaffold, and any re-installed tie-back, shall be inspected and documented under the requirements of Section 3314.4.3.4.
The results of the inspection shall be documented in an installation inspection report signed and dated by the person who performed the inspection. The scaffold shall not be used until it has passed such inspection and the installation inspection report has been completed.
Exception: An installation inspection report is not required for a nonadjustable suspended scaffold that, pursuant to Section 3314.3.2, is not required to be designed.
Exception: An installation inspection report is not required for a nonadjustable suspended scaffold that, pursuant to Section 3314.3.2, is not required to be designed.
Upon completion of the installation of a supported scaffold, the scaffold, all components of and attachments to the scaffold, and all supports and anchorages of the scaffold shall be inspected prior to use to verify that they are in a safe condition and, where design is required, installed in accordance with the design drawings. Such inspection shall be performed by a qualified person who has completed the training required by Section 3314.4.5.1 and who is designated by the designer, the installer, or a third party acceptable to both the designer and the installer. The results of the inspection shall be documented in an installation inspection report signed and dated by the person who performed the inspection. The scaffold shall not be used until it has passed such inspection and the installation inspection report has been completed.
Exceptions:
1. Where additional components or attachments are installed to an existing supported scaffold, or where existing deck planking or guardrails are relocated to a different level, the installation inspection and installation inspection report shall be limited to such components or attachments and related anchorages.
2. An inspection and report is not required for a supported scaffold that, pursuant to Section 3314.3.1, is not required to be designed.
Exceptions:
1. Where additional components or attachments are installed to an existing supported scaffold, or where existing deck planking or guardrails are relocated to a different level, the installation inspection and installation inspection report shall be limited to such components or attachments and related anchorages.
2. An inspection and report is not required for a supported scaffold that, pursuant to Section 3314.3.1, is not required to be designed.
Suspended scaffolds shall be inspected prior to each shift in accordance with a pre-shift inspection checklist that meets the requirements of Section 3314.4.3.4.2. The scaffold shall not be used until it has passed such inspection and the results have been documented on the checklist. The checklist shall be kept at the site by the scaffold controlling entity.
Exception: A pre-shift inspection is not required for a nonadjustable suspended scaffold that, pursuant to Section 3314.3.2, is not required to be designed.
Exception: A pre-shift inspection is not required for a nonadjustable suspended scaffold that, pursuant to Section 3314.3.2, is not required to be designed.
The inspection required by Section 3314.4.3.4 shall be performed by, and the checklist required by Section 3314.4.3.4.2 shall be signed and dated by, the licensee, suspended scaffold foreman, or competent person who is onsite and responsible for supervising the scaffold under the provisions of Section 3314.4.2.4.
The pre-shift inspection checklist shall be based on the manufacturer requirements for the inspection of the scaffold, where such requirements exist, and shall, at a minimum, include an inspection prior to each shift to verify the scaffold remains in a safe condition for use, and shall also include a comprehensive inspection following high winds. Such checklist shall be:
1. Where the scaffold was designed by a licensed rigger or sign hanger, or installed by or under the direct and continuing supervision of a licensed rigger or sign hanger, developed by the licensee; or
2. Where the scaffold was not designed by a licensed rigger or sign hanger, or installed by or under the direct and continuing supervision of a licensed rigger or sign hanger, developed by the registered design professional who designed the scaffold.
Exception: A pre-shift inspection checklist is not required for a nonadjustable suspended scaffold that, pursuant to Section 3314.3.2, is not required to be designed.
1. Where the scaffold was designed by a licensed rigger or sign hanger, or installed by or under the direct and continuing supervision of a licensed rigger or sign hanger, developed by the licensee; or
2. Where the scaffold was not designed by a licensed rigger or sign hanger, or installed by or under the direct and continuing supervision of a licensed rigger or sign hanger, developed by the registered design professional who designed the scaffold.
Exception: A pre-shift inspection checklist is not required for a nonadjustable suspended scaffold that, pursuant to Section 3314.3.2, is not required to be designed.
Prior to each shift the supported scaffold shall be inspected by the competent person supervising the use of the scaffold in accordance with Section 3314.4.2.2 to verify the scaffold remains in a safe condition for use. The results of the inspection shall be documented in a pre-shift inspection report signed and dated by the person who performed the inspection. The scaffold shall not be used until it has passed such inspection and the pre-shift inspection report has been completed.
Exception: An inspection report is not required for a supported scaffold that is not required to be designed under Section 3314.3.1.
Exception: An inspection report is not required for a supported scaffold that is not required to be designed under Section 3314.3.1.
Following a repair or adjustment to a scaffold at a site, the portion adjusted or repaired shall be inspected by the person who supervised the adjustment or repair in accordance with Sections 3314.4.6 or 3314.4.7 to verify the adequacy of such adjustment or repair. A description of the adjustment or repair, and the results of the inspection, shall be recorded, signed, and dated by such supervisor and kept with the inspection report required by Sections 3314.4.3.4 or 3314.4.3.5. The scaffold shall not be used until it has passed such inspection and the results of the inspection have been documented.
Exceptions:
1. The scaffold may be used prior to the inspection where authorized in accordance with Section 3314.4.4.7.
2. An inspection and report is not required for a nonadjustable suspended scaffold that, pursuant to Section 3314.3.2, is not required to be designed.
Exceptions:
1. The scaffold may be used prior to the inspection where authorized in accordance with Section 3314.4.4.7.
2. An inspection and report is not required for a nonadjustable suspended scaffold that, pursuant to Section 3314.3.2, is not required to be designed.
The safeguards required by Sections 3314.4.4.1 through 3314.4.4.8 shall be observed at all times.
Scaffolds, all components of and attachments to the scaffold, and all supports and anchorages of the scaffold shall be provided to the site in a safe working order by their respective owner, with no known hazardous conditions, defective repairs, or maintenance problems that could compromise the safety of the public and property.
At no time shall a scaffold be loaded beyond the capacity of the scaffold or the ground or structure upon which it rests or is supported. Loads shall not be concentrated so as to cause stresses in excess of the allowable values designated for the applicable material described in this code.
Each scaffold, and its components, shall be capable of supporting, without failure, its own weight and at least four times the maximum intended load applied or transmitted to it. Where applicable, scaffolds and their connections to the building or structure shall be designed to meet the anticipated loads during construction or demolition work, including wind loads as prescribed in Chapter 16. Each suspension rope, including connecting hardware, used on nonadjustable suspended scaffolds shall be capable of supporting, without failure, at least six times the maximum intended load applied or transmitted to the rope.
The scaffold and all materials and equipment located on or used from the scaffold shall be kept stable and secure at all times to prevent the scaffold from losing balance, overturning, or collapsing, and to prevent any object from falling from the scaffold.
Material and equipment susceptible to dislodgment shall not be stored on a scaffold while work is not being performed.
Where sustained winds or wind gusts at the site exceed 30 miles per hour, the use and operation of scaffolds located on the roof of a building, exterior to a building or structure, on a working deck, or in an area with an unenclosed perimeter shall cease. If the manufacturer or designer of the scaffold recommends work to cease at a lower wind speed, such recommendation shall instead apply. Wind speed shall be determined based on data from the nearest United States weather bureau reporting station, or an anemometer located at the site, freely exposed to the wind, and calibrated in accordance with ASTM D 5096-02.
Only personnel, materials, and uses authorized by the person responsible for supervising the installation, repair, maintenance, adjustment, or removal of a scaffold shall be located on and using the scaffold during such work.
With the exception of the planking, the following scaffolds shall be constructed of noncombustible materials:
1. Exterior scaffolds exceeding 75 feet (22 860 mm) in height.
2. Interior scaffolds exceeding 21 feet (6.4 m ) in height.
3. All scaffolds used in the alteration, repair, or partial demolition of buildings in Occupancy Groups I-1 to I-4.
1. Exterior scaffolds exceeding 75 feet (22 860 mm) in height.
2. Interior scaffolds exceeding 21 feet (6.4 m ) in height.
3. All scaffolds used in the alteration, repair, or partial demolition of buildings in Occupancy Groups I-1 to I-4.
Only those who are qualified to install, adjust, maintain, repair, use, or remove a scaffold, and are trained in accordance with the requirements of this section, shall perform such work or supervise such work. No person shall knowingly permit or cause an individual who does not have the experience and training required by this section to install, adjust, modify, repair, use, or remove a scaffold.
Workers who install, adjust, repair, maintain, inspect, or remove a supported scaffold that is 40 feet (12 192 mm) or more in height, including the person supervising such, shall, at a minimum, have completed a department-approved training program or course that is at least 32 hours long and shall complete a department-approved 8-hour refresher program or course every 4 years thereafter. Workers who install, adjust, repair, maintain, or remove a sidewalk shed that provides a base for a supported scaffold that is 40 feet (12 192 mm) or more in height, including the person supervising such, are subject to the above requirements.
Exceptions:
1. The installation, adjustment, maintenance, repair, or removal of a supported scaffold performed by an employee of a public utility, including the person supervising such, where such supported scaffold is located within the interior of a structure owned or operated by such utility, and when such utility has a training safety program or course of not less than 32 hours for its employees who perform such scaffold work.
2. Where existing supported scaffold deck planking or guardrails are being relocated to a different level of the scaffold in accordance with the design, such may be performed by individuals who have completed the training required by Section 3314.4.5.2.
Exceptions:
1. The installation, adjustment, maintenance, repair, or removal of a supported scaffold performed by an employee of a public utility, including the person supervising such, where such supported scaffold is located within the interior of a structure owned or operated by such utility, and when such utility has a training safety program or course of not less than 32 hours for its employees who perform such scaffold work.
2. Where existing supported scaffold deck planking or guardrails are being relocated to a different level of the scaffold in accordance with the design, such may be performed by individuals who have completed the training required by Section 3314.4.5.2.
Individuals who use a supported scaffold, including the person supervising such, shall, at a minimum, have completed a department-approved training program or course that is at least 4 hours long and, every four years thereafter, retake the 4-hour training program or course.
Exceptions:
1. Employees of a public utility performing work while using a supported scaffold, including the person supervising such, provided that such employees are trained to be able to recognize the hazards associated with the type of supported scaffold being used and to understand the procedures to control those hazards.
2. A registered design professional who has not completed the training may use a supported scaffold to perform inspections provided the registered design professional does not perform construction, maintenance, repair, or demolition work from the scaffold.
Exceptions:
1. Employees of a public utility performing work while using a supported scaffold, including the person supervising such, provided that such employees are trained to be able to recognize the hazards associated with the type of supported scaffold being used and to understand the procedures to control those hazards.
2. A registered design professional who has not completed the training may use a supported scaffold to perform inspections provided the registered design professional does not perform construction, maintenance, repair, or demolition work from the scaffold.
Individuals who exercise supervisory responsibility in accordance with the requirements of Sections 3314.4.1 through 3314.4.4 for the installation, adjustment, repair, maintenance, use, or removal of a suspended scaffold shall, at a minimum, have completed a department-approved training program or course that is at least 32 hours long and, four years following completion of the 32-hour program or course, and every four years thereafter, complete a department-approved 8-hour refresher program or course.
Exception: Individuals supervising the installation, adjustment, modification, repair, use, or removal of a nonadjustable suspended scaffold.
Exception: Individuals supervising the installation, adjustment, modification, repair, use, or removal of a nonadjustable suspended scaffold.
Individuals who install, adjust, repair, maintain, use, inspect, or remove a suspended scaffold shall, at a minimum, have completed a department-approved training program or course that is at least 16 hours long and, four years following completion of the 16-hour program or course, and every four years thereafter, complete a department-approved 8-hour refresher program or course.
Exceptions:
1. A registered design professional who has not completed the training may ride on a suspended scaffold to perform inspections provided the registered design professional does not perform construction, maintenance, repair, or demolition work from the scaffold, or operate the scaffold, and provided the registered design professional is familiar with the use of the scaffold, safety equipment, and emergency procedures.
2. Individuals who install, adjust, repair, maintain, use, or remove a nonadjustable suspended scaffold, including the person supervising such use.
3. A person who possesses a valid challenge examination certificate issued prior to January 1, 2014 need not take a new 16-hour initial program or course but shall be required to complete the 8-hour refresher program or course every 4 years, beginning from the date of enactment of this code.
Exceptions:
1. A registered design professional who has not completed the training may ride on a suspended scaffold to perform inspections provided the registered design professional does not perform construction, maintenance, repair, or demolition work from the scaffold, or operate the scaffold, and provided the registered design professional is familiar with the use of the scaffold, safety equipment, and emergency procedures.
2. Individuals who install, adjust, repair, maintain, use, or remove a nonadjustable suspended scaffold, including the person supervising such use.
3. A person who possesses a valid challenge examination certificate issued prior to January 1, 2014 need not take a new 16-hour initial program or course but shall be required to complete the 8-hour refresher program or course every 4 years, beginning from the date of enactment of this code.
Training programs or courses required by this section shall be conducted by a registered New York State Department of Labor apprenticeship training program or by an educational institution or school chartered, licensed or registered by the New York State Department of Education or by a provider approved by the department and presented by an instructor acceptable to the commissioner.
All training programs or courses required by this section shall be based on the scaffold requirements of this chapter and shall include, but not be limited to, instruction on the type of scaffold the training covers and associated hazards, common causes of scaffold accidents and steps to avoid such accidents, scaffold components, scaffold connections to a structure, scaffold inspection, the maximum intended load and load-handling capacities of scaffolds, and the prevention of overload conditions. Curriculums for scaffold users shall be focused on the proper use of the scaffold. Curriculums for scaffold installers, adjusters, maintainers, repairers, and removers shall be focused on the proper execution of such work. Curriculums in excess of eight hours in length shall include a significant portion of hands-on training.
Successful completion of a training program or course that is more than 4 hours in length shall be based upon a written performance evaluation. For courses that are 16 hours or greater in length, successful completion shall also be based upon passage of a hands-on performance evaluation.
Successful completion of the training program or course shall be evidenced by a wallet size certificate card issued by the training provider and acceptable to the commissioner. Such certificate card shall be readily available to the commissioner upon request and shall contain, at a minimum, the name and photograph of the individual to whom it was issued, as well as any other information required pursuant to rules promulgated by the commissioner for a department approved training course.
For individuals who fail to complete the required refresher program or course within any 4 year period, a refresher program or course shall be considered timely if completed within 1 year after the expiration date of the last previously completed initial or refresher program or course. During such period, such individual shall not perform or supervise any activity for which the lapsed training is required to perform or supervise such activity until such individual has successfully completed such refresher program or course. Where more than 1 year has lapsed, such individual shall be required to successfully recomplete the initial training program or course.
Scaffolds, all components of and attachments to the scaffold, and all supports and anchorages of the scaffold installed at a site shall be adjusted under the supervision of a competent person designated by the contractor or licensee who installed the scaffold. Individuals who perform adjustments, and the person supervising such, shall be trained in accordance with Section 3314.4.5. Following the adjustment, the scaffold shall be inspected in accordance with Section 3314.4.3.6.
Exception: Where a sidewalk shed provides the base for a supported scaffold, the sidewalk shed shall be adjusted in accordance with the requirements of Section 3307.6.
Exception: Where a sidewalk shed provides the base for a supported scaffold, the sidewalk shed shall be adjusted in accordance with the requirements of Section 3307.6.
Scaffolds, all components of and attachments to the scaffold, and all supports and anchorages of the scaffold installed at a site shall be repaired under the supervision of a competent person designated by the equipment owner. Individuals who perform repairs, and the person supervising such, shall be trained in accordance with Section 3314.4.5. Following the repair, the scaffold shall be inspected in accordance with Section 3314.4.3.6.
Exceptions:
1. Where a sidewalk shed provides the base for a supported scaffold, the sidewalk shed shall be repaired in accordance with the requirements of Section 3307.6.
2. Components and attachments may be replaced under the supervision of a competent person designated by the contractor or licensee who installed the scaffold.
Exceptions:
1. Where a sidewalk shed provides the base for a supported scaffold, the sidewalk shed shall be repaired in accordance with the requirements of Section 3307.6.
2. Components and attachments may be replaced under the supervision of a competent person designated by the contractor or licensee who installed the scaffold.
Scaffolds, all components of and attachments to the scaffold, and all supports and anchorages of the scaffold installed at a site shall be maintained in a good condition by a qualified person designated by the scaffold controlling entity. Individuals maintaining a scaffold shall have been trained in accordance with Section 3314.4.5. Individuals who maintain an adjustable suspended scaffold hoist shall also have been trained and authorized by the manufacturer of the scaffold hoist. A description of the maintenance shall be recorded, signed, and dated by the person who performed the maintenance and kept with the inspection checklist or report required by Sections 3314.4.3.4 or 3314.4.3.5.
Exceptions:
1. Where a sidewalk shed provides the base for a supported scaffold, the sidewalk shed shall be maintained in accordance with the requirements of Section 3307.6.
2. A description of the maintenance is not required for a nonadjustable suspended scaffold that, pursuant to Section 3314.3.2, is not required to be designed.
Exceptions:
1. Where a sidewalk shed provides the base for a supported scaffold, the sidewalk shed shall be maintained in accordance with the requirements of Section 3307.6.
2. A description of the maintenance is not required for a nonadjustable suspended scaffold that, pursuant to Section 3314.3.2, is not required to be designed.
Platforms on all working levels of a scaffold shall be fully planked or decked between the front uprights and the guardrail system supports in accordance with Sections 3314.5.1 through 3314.5.6.
Exception: Platforms used solely as walkways or used solely by workers installing or removing the scaffold shall be planked to the extent necessary to ensure the safety of the public and property.
Exception: Platforms used solely as walkways or used solely by workers installing or removing the scaffold shall be planked to the extent necessary to ensure the safety of the public and property.
All lumber used in scaffolds or their supports shall be at least equal in strength and quality to construction grade lumber in accordance with Section 2301. See Table 3314.5.2 for the maximum span for scaffold planks.
TABLE 3314.5.2 MAXIMUM PERMISSIBLE SPANS FOR 2-INCH PLANK USED ON SCAFFOLDS
TABLE 3314.5.2 MAXIMUM PERMISSIBLE SPANS FOR 2-INCH PLANK USED ON SCAFFOLDS
| MATERIAL | FULL THICKNESS UNDRESSED LUMBER | LUMBER OF NOMINAL THICKNESS | ||||
| Working Load (psf) | 25 | 50 | 75 | 25 | 50 | 75 |
| Permissible Span (ft) | 10 | 8 | 6 | 8 | 6 | 5 |
For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 pound per square foot = 47.88 Pa,
1 foot = 304.8 mm.
1 foot = 304.8 mm.
The end of a platform shall extend over the centerline of its support a minimum of 6 inches (152 mm) unless cleated or otherwise restrained by hooks or equivalent means.
The maximum cantilever shall be as follows.
All platforms shall be tied down or otherwise positively restrained by hooks or equivalent means to prevent dislodgment in all directions.
Platforms shall not deflect more than 1/60 of the span when loaded.
The footings and anchorage for every scaffold shall be sound and rigid, capable of carrying the maximum load without excessive settlement or deformation and secure against movement in any direction. Supports such as barrels, boxes, loose brick, loose stone, or other unstable materials shall not be used.
Safe points of anchorage include structural members of a building. Window washing anchors, window frames, mullions, handrails, standpipes, vents and other piping systems, electrical conduit, counterweights or similar elements shall not be used as anchors or braceback points.
Exception: Window washing anchor points that are part of the base building structure may be utilized as an anchor or braceback point for a scaffold, subject to the approval of the commissioner. The anchor points shall be inspected by a registered design professional prior to use to verify their ability to support all loads imposed. At the end of the job, the anchor points shall be restored to their original condition, any damage repaired, and inspected by a registered design professional to verify such. A report verifying such restoration and inspection shall be prepared by the registered design professional and submitted to the department.
Exception: Window washing anchor points that are part of the base building structure may be utilized as an anchor or braceback point for a scaffold, subject to the approval of the commissioner. The anchor points shall be inspected by a registered design professional prior to use to verify their ability to support all loads imposed. At the end of the job, the anchor points shall be restored to their original condition, any damage repaired, and inspected by a registered design professional to verify such. A report verifying such restoration and inspection shall be prepared by the registered design professional and submitted to the department.
Lifeline anchorage shall be fastened to a fixed safe point of anchorage, shall be independent of the scaffold, and shall be protected from sharp edges and abrasion.
Lifelines, tiebacks, and suspension ropes shall each be attached to a different point of anchorage.
Loads from supported and suspended scaffolds imposed on an existing roof or floor or similar structure shall:
1. Not be concentrated so as to cause stresses in excess of the allowable values designated for the applicable material described in this code; or
2. Be distributed with dunnage or shoring so as to prevent such load from exceeding the allowable values designated for the applicable material described in this code.
1. Not be concentrated so as to cause stresses in excess of the allowable values designated for the applicable material described in this code; or
2. Be distributed with dunnage or shoring so as to prevent such load from exceeding the allowable values designated for the applicable material described in this code.
Outrigger beams shall be made of structural metal or equivalent strength material and shall be restrained to prevent movement.
The overhang of outrigger beams shall not exceed that specified by the design and the inboard length of beam shall be at least one and one-half times the outboard length unless otherwise designed by a registered design professional.
Outrigger beams shall be placed so that the suspension ropes will hang vertically.
Suspension ropes shall be securely fastened to the outrigger beams by steel shackles, thimbles, or equivalent means.
The load end of wire suspension ropes shall be equipped with proper size thimbles and secured by eyesplicing or equivalent means.
The open sides and ends of scaffold platforms shall be provided with a guardrail system that meets the requirements of Section 3314.8.1 and debris netting that meets the requirements of Section 3314.8.2.
Exceptions:
- A guardrail system and debris netting are not required while the scaffold is being installed or removed but shall be in place before the scaffold is used.
- A guardrail system and debris netting is not required along the edge of a scaffold facing a building or structure, provided the distance from the edge of the scaffold platform to the face of the building or structure is:
- For an outrigger scaffold, 3 inches (80 mm) or less;
- For a scaffold used in conjunction with plastering and lathing operations, 18 inches (460 mm) or less; or
- For all other scaffolds, 14 inches (360 mm ) or less.
- Notwithstanding the provisions of Sections 3308.6.1.4 and 3314.9.4, debris netting is not required along the perimeter of a scaffold provided such perimeter is set-back from all adjoining property and areas that remain open to the public at a distance that is equal to or greater than half the height of scaffold.
- Notwithstanding the provisions of Sections 3308.6.1.4 and 3314.9.4, debris netting is not required for a scaffold which does not require a design in accordance with Section 3314.3.
Where required by Section 3314.8, the guardrail system for a scaffold shall meet the requirements of Section 3308.7.1 through 3308.7.7.
Exceptions: For the purposes of this section:
- The term "floor" in Sections 3308.7.1 through 3308.7.7 shall mean "platform."
- The height of the toprail, as prescribed in Section 3308.7.2, may be as low as 38 inches (965 mm) in a guardrail system utilized in connection with a scaffold, and such toprail may deflect to a height of not less than 38 inches (965 mm) when designed in accordance with Exception 1 to Section 3308.7.3.
- Alternate guardrail systems under Exception 1 to Section 3308.7.3 may be designed by the designer of the scaffold or the manufacturer of the scaffold to be capable of withstanding, without failure a force of at least:
- For toprails or equivalent members, a force applied in any downward or horizontal direction at any point along its top edge of at least 100 pounds (445 n) for guardrail systems installed on single-point adjustable suspended scaffolds or two-point adjustable suspended scaffolds, and at least 200 pounds (890 n) for guardrail systems installed on all other scaffolds.
- For midrails, screens, mesh, intermediate vertical members, solid panels, or equivalent members, a force applied in any downward or horizontal direction at any point along the midrail or other member of at least 75 pounds (333 n) for guardrail systems with a minimum 100 pound (445 n) toprail capacity, and at least 150 pounds (666 n) for guardrail systems with a minimum 200 pound (890 n) toprail capacity.
- For toeboards, a force of at least 50 pounds (222 n) applied in any downward or horizontal direction at any point along the toeboard.
- When intermediate supports, such as ballisters or additional rails are used, they shall not be more than 19 inches (483 mm) apart.
Where required by Section 3314.8, the scaffold shall be enclosed with a debris netting consisting of a wire screen comprised of not less than number 18 gage wire mesh, or equivalent synthetic netting that is flame retardant in accordance with NFPA 701, with openings in the wire or synthetic mesh no larger than 1/2 inch (13 mm). Such netting shall be securely attached to the scaffold and shall enclose all open sides, ends, and bottom of the scaffold for the full height of all platform levels where work is occurring, or when on the upper level of a supported scaffold or when on a suspended scaffold, to the height of the toprail. The effect of wind on the netting shall be accounted for in the design of the scaffold, where such design is required by Section 3314.3.
Exception: Netting is not required to protect the bottom of the scaffold platform provided the netting is securely fastened to the scaffold deck and the scaffold platform planks are laid tight or the deck of the scaffold is solid.
Exception: Netting is not required to protect the bottom of the scaffold platform provided the netting is securely fastened to the scaffold deck and the scaffold platform planks are laid tight or the deck of the scaffold is solid.
A supported scaffold with a height-to-base ratio (including outriggers supports, if used) of more than four to one (4:1) shall be restrained from tipping by guying, tying, bracing or equivalent means as follows:
1. Guys, ties or braces shall be installed at locations where horizontal members support both inner and outer legs.
2. Guys, ties, or braces shall be installed according to the manufacturer's recommendations, or as designed in accordance with Section 3314.3, or at a minimum, the first guy, tie or brace shall be installed at a horizontal member and not more than a distance 4 times the least plan dimension from the base support and be repeated vertically at locations of horizontal members every 20 feet (6096 mm) or less thereafter for scaffolds 3 feet (914 mm) wide or less and every 26 feet (7925 mm) or less thereafter for scaffolds greater than 3 feet (914 mm) wide. The top guy, tie, or brace shall be placed no further than four times the least plan dimension from the top. Such guys, ties, or braces shall be installed at each end of the scaffold and at horizontal intervals not to exceed 30 feet (9144 mm) measured from one end (not both) towards each other.
3. Guys, ties, braces, or outriggers shall be used to prevent tipping of supported scaffolds in all circumstances where an eccentric load, such as a cantilevered work platform, is applied or is transmitted to the scaffold.
1. Guys, ties or braces shall be installed at locations where horizontal members support both inner and outer legs.
2. Guys, ties, or braces shall be installed according to the manufacturer's recommendations, or as designed in accordance with Section 3314.3, or at a minimum, the first guy, tie or brace shall be installed at a horizontal member and not more than a distance 4 times the least plan dimension from the base support and be repeated vertically at locations of horizontal members every 20 feet (6096 mm) or less thereafter for scaffolds 3 feet (914 mm) wide or less and every 26 feet (7925 mm) or less thereafter for scaffolds greater than 3 feet (914 mm) wide. The top guy, tie, or brace shall be placed no further than four times the least plan dimension from the top. Such guys, ties, or braces shall be installed at each end of the scaffold and at horizontal intervals not to exceed 30 feet (9144 mm) measured from one end (not both) towards each other.
3. Guys, ties, braces, or outriggers shall be used to prevent tipping of supported scaffolds in all circumstances where an eccentric load, such as a cantilevered work platform, is applied or is transmitted to the scaffold.
Supported scaffold poles, legs, posts, frames and uprights shall bear on base plates and mud sills or other adequate firm foundation to distribute the weight of the scaffold into the ground, structure, or sidewalk shed upon which it rests.
Supported scaffold poles, legs, posts, frames, and uprights shall be plumb and braced to prevent swaying and displacement. The tolerance shall not exceed L/100, where L is the distance measured from the ground or grade elevation to the first X-brace or bottom of the first bearer or frame horizontal member.
Supported scaffolds located on a floor, working deck, or roof and located within a distance from the edge of the roof or an unenclosed perimeter that is equal to or less than 1.5 times the height of the scaffold shall:
1. Be positively anchored or tied-back, and with all wheels or rollers secured by rope, cable, or chocking at the wheels in order to prevent movement; and
2. Have all sides of the scaffold facing an unenclosed perimeter or the edge of a roof within a distance that is equal to or less than 1.5 times the height of the scaffold provided with guardrails and debris netting in accordance with Section 3314.8; or
3. Have all material and equipment susceptible to dislodgement, and not being actively held by a person, secured in a manner to prevent dislodgement by wind or accidental impact.
Exception: The above requirements shall not apply where vertical safety netting that meets the requirements of Section 3308.5, or an approved alternate system, extends to cover the full height and width of all unenclosed perimeters within a distance from the scaffold equal to or less than 1.5 times the height of the scaffold.
1. Be positively anchored or tied-back, and with all wheels or rollers secured by rope, cable, or chocking at the wheels in order to prevent movement; and
2. Have all sides of the scaffold facing an unenclosed perimeter or the edge of a roof within a distance that is equal to or less than 1.5 times the height of the scaffold provided with guardrails and debris netting in accordance with Section 3314.8; or
3. Have all material and equipment susceptible to dislodgement, and not being actively held by a person, secured in a manner to prevent dislodgement by wind or accidental impact.
Exception: The above requirements shall not apply where vertical safety netting that meets the requirements of Section 3308.5, or an approved alternate system, extends to cover the full height and width of all unenclosed perimeters within a distance from the scaffold equal to or less than 1.5 times the height of the scaffold.
Suspended scaffolds shall meet the requirements of Sections 3314.10.1 through 3314.10.11.
Suspended scaffolds shall be installed and used in such a manner that the ropes or similar suspension elements are vertical and/or in a plane parallel to the wall at all times.
Exception: Ropes or similar suspension elements do not have to be vertical and/or in a plane parallel to the wall provided such occurs in accordance with design drawings prepared by a registered design professional. Such design drawings shall be based on an investigation of the support surface and anchorage of the scaffold conducted by such registered design professional. A signed, sealed, and dated report prepared by the registered design professional documenting such investigation shall accompany the design drawings.
Exception: Ropes or similar suspension elements do not have to be vertical and/or in a plane parallel to the wall provided such occurs in accordance with design drawings prepared by a registered design professional. Such design drawings shall be based on an investigation of the support surface and anchorage of the scaffold conducted by such registered design professional. A signed, sealed, and dated report prepared by the registered design professional documenting such investigation shall accompany the design drawings.
All suspended scaffold support devices, such as outrigger beams, C-hooks, parapet clamps, and similar devices shall be supported by surfaces capable of supporting at least 4 times the load imposed on them by the scaffold operating at the rated load of the hoist. The support shall be inspected prior to installation in accordance with the requirements of Section 3314.4.3.1.
Outrigger beams shall be placed perpendicular to the face of the building or structure.
Exception: Where a licensed rigger or registered design professional can demonstrate to the commissioner's satisfaction that it is not possible to place an outrigger beam perpendicular to the face of the building or structure, the outrigger beam may be placed at a different angle, provided opposing angle tiebacks are used.
Exception: Where a licensed rigger or registered design professional can demonstrate to the commissioner's satisfaction that it is not possible to place an outrigger beam perpendicular to the face of the building or structure, the outrigger beam may be placed at a different angle, provided opposing angle tiebacks are used.
The inboard ends of the suspended scaffold outrigger beam shall be stabilized by bolts or other direct connections to the floor or roof deck, or they shall have their inboard ends stabilized by counterweights.
Exception: Multipoint adjustable suspended scaffolds shall not be stabilized by counterweights.
Exception: Multipoint adjustable suspended scaffolds shall not be stabilized by counterweights.
Outrigger beams shall be installed with all bearing supports perpendicular to the beam centerline and shall set and maintain the web in a vertical position. The shackle or clevis with which the rope is attached to the outrigger beam shall be placed directly over the centerline of the stirrup.
Counterweights shall be made of a nonflowable material. Sand, gravel and similar materials that can be easily dislocated shall not be used.
Counterweights shall be secured by mechanical means to the outrigger to prevent accidental dislodgment.
Counterweights shall not be removed from an outrigger beam until the scaffold is disassembled.
Horizontal tiebacks shall be installed perpendicular to the face of the building or structure, or opposing angle tiebacks shall be installed. Single tiebacks installed at an angle are prohibited.
Suspended scaffold support devices, such as C-hooks, cornice hooks, roof hooks, roof irons, parapet clamps or other similar devices shall meet the following requirements:
1. Support devices shall be made of steel, wrought iron or materials of equivalent strength.
2. Such devices shall be supported by bearing blocks.
3. Support devices shall be secured against movement by tiebacks installed perpendicular to the face of the building or structure or by opposing angle tiebacks installed and secured to a structurally sound point of anchorage as prescribed in Section 3314.6.
4. Tieback rope shall be at least equal in strength to the suspension rope.
1. Support devices shall be made of steel, wrought iron or materials of equivalent strength.
2. Such devices shall be supported by bearing blocks.
3. Support devices shall be secured against movement by tiebacks installed perpendicular to the face of the building or structure or by opposing angle tiebacks installed and secured to a structurally sound point of anchorage as prescribed in Section 3314.6.
4. Tieback rope shall be at least equal in strength to the suspension rope.
At the end of the shift, the suspended scaffold shall be cleared of all equipment and material susceptible to dislodgement and shall be lowered to the street or deck of the sidewalk shed, or shall be secured to the roof or building in accordance with design drawings required by Section 3314.3.3.
When winding drum hoists are used on a suspended scaffold, they shall contain not fewer than four wraps of the suspension rope at the lowest point of scaffold travel. When other types of hoists are used, the suspension ropes shall be long enough to allow the scaffold to be lowered to the level below without the rope end passing through the hoist, or the rope end shall be configured or provided with means to prevent the end from passing through the hoist.
The use of repaired wire rope as suspension rope is prohibited.
Ropes shall be replaced or removed if any of the following conditions exist, and as otherwise prescribed by rule of the department:
1. Any physical damage that impairs the function and strength of the rope.
2. Presence of kinks that might impair the tracking or wrapping of the rope around the drums or sheaves.
3. Presence of abrasion, corrosion, scrubbing, flasttening or peening causing the loss of more than one-third of the original diameter of the outside wires.
4. Heat damage caused by a torch or any damage caused by contact with electrical wires.
5. Evidence that the secondary brake has been activated during an overspeed condition and has engaged the suspension rope.
1. Any physical damage that impairs the function and strength of the rope.
2. Presence of kinks that might impair the tracking or wrapping of the rope around the drums or sheaves.
3. Presence of abrasion, corrosion, scrubbing, flasttening or peening causing the loss of more than one-third of the original diameter of the outside wires.
4. Heat damage caused by a torch or any damage caused by contact with electrical wires.
5. Evidence that the secondary brake has been activated during an overspeed condition and has engaged the suspension rope.
Suspension ropes shall be shielded from heat-producing processes.
When acids or other corrosive substances are used on a scaffold, the ropes shall be shielded, treated to protect against corrosive substances, or made of a material that will not be damaged by the corrosive substance being used.
Precautions shall be taken to prevent the possibility of arcing through the suspension wire rope during welding operations.
An insulated thimble shall be used to attach each suspension wire rope to its hanging support. Excessive suspension wire rope and any additional independent lines from grounding shall be insulated.
The suspension wire rope shall be covered with insulating material extending at least 4 feet (1219 mm) above the hoist. If there is a tail line below the hoist, it shall be insulated to prevent contact with the platform. The portion of the tail line that hangs free below the scaffold shall be guided or retained or both so that it does not become grounded.
Each hoist shall be covered with insulated protective covers.
In addition to a work lead attachment required by the welding process, a grounding conductor shall be connected from the scaffold to the structure. The size of the connector shall be at least the size of the welding process work lead, and this conductor shall not be in series with the welding process or the work piece.
If the scaffold grounding lead is disconnected at any time, the welding machine shall be shut off or the welding lead shall be removed from the scaffold.
An active welding rod or uninsulated welding lead shall not be allowed to make contact with the scaffold or its suspension system.
When wire clips are used on suspended scaffolds there shall be a minimum of three wire rope clips installed a minimum of six rope diameters apart. The clips shall be retightened to the manufacturer's specifications after initial loading. U-bolt clips shall not be used at the point of suspension. When U-bolt clips are used, the U-bolt shall be placed over the dead end of the rope and the saddle shall be placed over the live end of the rope.
All wood pole scaffolds 40 feet (12 192 mm) high or less shall be constructed in accordance with the minimum nominal sizes and maximum spacings shown in Tables 3314.12.1 (1) through 3314.12.1 (6). Wood pole scaffolds more than 40 feet (12 192 mm) high shall be designed in accordance with Section 3314.3.
TABLE 3314.12.1(1) MINIMUM SIZE AND MAXIMUM SPACING OF MEMBERS OF SINGLE WOOD POLE LIGHT DUTY SCAFFOLDS
TABLE 3314.12.1(2) MINIMUM SIZE AND MAXIMUM SPACING OF MEMBERS OF SINGLE WOOD POLE MEDIUM DUTY SCAFFOLDS
TABLE 3314.12.1(3) MINIMUM SIZE AND MAXIMUM SPACING OF MEMBERS OF SINGLE WOOD POLE HEAVY DUTY SCAFFOLDS
TABLE 3314.12.1(4) MINIMUM SIZE AND MAXIMUM SPACING OF MEMBERS OF INDEPENDENT WOOD POLE LIGHT DUTY SCAFFOLDS
TABLE 3314.12.1(5) MINIMUM SIZE AND MAXIMUM SPACING OF MEMBERS OF INDEPENDENT WOOD POLE MEDIUM DUTY SCAFFOLDS
TABLE 3314.12.1(6) MINIMUM SIZE AND MAXIMUM SPACING OF MEMBERS OF INDEPENDENT WOOD POLE HEAVY DUTY SCAFFOLDS
TABLE 3314.12.1(1) MINIMUM SIZE AND MAXIMUM SPACING OF MEMBERS OF SINGLE WOOD POLE LIGHT DUTY SCAFFOLDS
| UNIFORMLY DISTRIBUTED LOAD NOT TO EXCEED 25 psf | |||||
| Max. height of scaffold (ft) | 20' | 40' | 60' | 75' | |
| Poles or uprights (min) | 2″ × 4″ | 3″ × 4″ | 4″ × 4″ | Top 60' 4″ × 4″ | Lower Sect. 4″ × 6″ |
| Pole foundation (min) | 2″ × 9″ | ||||
| Max. pole spacing (longitudinal) | 10'-0″ | ||||
| Max. width of scaffold | 5'-0″ | ||||
| Bearers or putlogs (min) | 3″ × 4″or 2″ × 6″(on edge) | ||||
| Ledgers (minimum) | |||||
| With 6'-0″ pole space | 1″ × 6″(on edge) | ||||
| With 10'-0″ pole space | 11/4″ × 9″(on edge) | ||||
| Vertical spacing of ledgers (max) | 7'-0″ | ||||
| Nonsupporting stringers | 1″ × 4″ | ||||
| Tie-ins | 1″ × 4″ | ||||
| Bracing | 1″ × 4″ | ||||
| Planking | |||||
| Not more than 6' span | 11/4″ × 9″ | ||||
| Up to 10' span | 2″ × 9″ | ||||
| Toeboards | 1″ × 6″ | ||||
| Guardrails | 2″ × 4″ | ||||
Note: For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 foot = 304.8 mm, 1 pound per square foot = 47.88 Pa.
TABLE 3314.12.1(2) MINIMUM SIZE AND MAXIMUM SPACING OF MEMBERS OF SINGLE WOOD POLE MEDIUM DUTY SCAFFOLDS
| UNIFORMLY DISTRIBUTED LOAD NOT TO EXCEED 50 psf | |||||
| Max. height of scaffold | 20' | 40' | 60' | 75' | |
| Poles or uprights (min) | 3″ × 4″ or 2″ × 6″ | 4″ × 4″ | 4″ × 6″ | Top 60' 4″ × 4″ | Lower Sect. 4″ × 6″ |
| Pole foundation (min) | 2″ × 9″ | ||||
| Max. pole spacing (longitudinal) | 8'-0″ | ||||
| Max. width of scaffold | 5'-0″ | 8'-0″ | |||
| Bearers or putlogs (min) | 3″ × 4″ or 2″ × 6″ (on edge) | 3″ × 5″ or 2″ × 9″ (on edge) | |||
| Max. spacing of bearers or putlogs | 8'-0″ | ||||
| Ledgers (minimum) | 2″ × 9″ (on edge) | ||||
| Vertical spacing of ledgers (max) | 7″ × 0″ | ||||
| Nonsupporting stringers | 1″ × 6″ or 11/4″ × 4″ | ||||
| Tie-ins | 1″ × 6″ | ||||
| Bracing | 1″ × 6″ | ||||
| Planking | |||||
| Not more than 6' span | 11/4″ × 9″ | ||||
| Up to 8' span | 2″ × 9″ | ||||
| Toeboards | 2″ × 9″ | ||||
| Guardrails | 2″ × 4″ | ||||
Note: For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 foot = 304.8 mm, 1 pound per square foot = 47.88 Pa.
TABLE 3314.12.1(3) MINIMUM SIZE AND MAXIMUM SPACING OF MEMBERS OF SINGLE WOOD POLE HEAVY DUTY SCAFFOLDS
| UNIFORMLY DISTRIBUTED LOAD NOT TO EXCEED 75 psf | |||||
| Max. height of scaffold | 20' | 40' | 60' | 75' | |
| Poles or uprights (min) | 3″ × 4″ or 2″ × 6″ | 4″ × 4″ | 4″ × 6″ | Top 60' 4″ × 6″ | Lower Sect. 6″ × 6″ |
| Pole foundation (min) | 2″ × 9″ | ||||
| Max. pole spacing (longitudinal) | 6'-0″ | ||||
| Max. width of scaffold | 5'-0″ | 8'-0″ | |||
| Bearers or putlogs (min) | 3″ × 5″ | 3″ × 6″ or 2″ × 9″ | |||
| Max. spacing of bearers or putlogs | 6'-0″ | ||||
| Ledgers (minimum) | 2″ × 9″ (on edge) | ||||
| Vertical spacing of ledgers (max) | 7″ × 0″ | ||||
| Nonsupporting stringers | 2″ × 4″ | ||||
| Tie-ins | 1″ × 6″ | ||||
| Bracing | 1″ × 6″ | ||||
| Planking | 2″ × 9″ | ||||
| Toeboards | 2″ × 9″ | ||||
| Guardrails | 2″ × 4″ | ||||
Note: For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 foot = 304.8 mm, 1 pound per square foot = 47.88 Pa.
TABLE 3314.12.1(4) MINIMUM SIZE AND MAXIMUM SPACING OF MEMBERS OF INDEPENDENT WOOD POLE LIGHT DUTY SCAFFOLDS
| UNIFORMLY DISTRIBUTED LOAD NOT TO EXCEED 25 psf | |||||
| Max. height of scaffold (ft) | 20' | 40' | 60' | 75' | |
| Poles or uprights (min) | 2″ × 4″ | 3″ × 4″ or 2″ × 6″ | 4″ × 4″ | Top 60' 4″ × 4″ | Lower Sect. 4″ × 6″ |
| Pole foundation (min) | 2″ × 9″ | ||||
| Max. pole spacing (longitudinal) | |||||
| With 1 1/4" × 9" ledgers | 6'-0″ | ||||
| With 2" × 9" ledgers | 10'-0″ | ||||
| Max. pole spacing (transverse) | 10'-0″a | ||||
| Ledgers (min) | 1 1/4″ × 9″ (on edge) or 2″ × 9″ | ||||
| Vertical spacing of ledgers (max) | 7'-0″ | ||||
| Bearers (min) | 1 1/4″ × 9″ (on edge) | ||||
| Non-supporting stringers | 1″ × 4″ | ||||
| Bracing | 1″ × 4″ | ||||
| Planking | |||||
| Not more than 6' span | 11/4″ × 9″ | ||||
| Up to 8' span | 2″ × 9″ | ||||
| Toeboards | 1″ × 6″ | ||||
| Guardrails | 2″ × 4″ | ||||
| Note: For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 foot = 304.8 mm, 1 pound per square foot = 47.88 Pa. |
| a. Total base dimension in both directions to be at least 25 percent of height. |
TABLE 3314.12.1(5) MINIMUM SIZE AND MAXIMUM SPACING OF MEMBERS OF INDEPENDENT WOOD POLE MEDIUM DUTY SCAFFOLDS
| UNIFORMLY DISTRIBUTED LOAD NOT TO EXCEED 50 psf | |||||
| Max. height of scaffold (ft) | 20' | 40' | 60' | 75' | |
| Poles or uprights (min) | 3″ × 4″ or 2″ × 6″ | 4″ × 4″ | 4″ × 6″ | Top 60' 4″ × 6″ | Lower Sect. 6″ × 6″ |
| Pole foundation (min) | 2″ × 9″ | ||||
| Max. pole spacing (longitudinal) | 8'-0″ | ||||
| Max. pole spacing (transverse) | 10'-0″a | ||||
| Ledgers (min) | 2″ × 9″ (on edge) | ||||
| Vertical spacing of ledgers (max) | 6'-0″ | ||||
| Bearers (min) | 2″ × 9″ (on edge) | ||||
| Non-supporting stringers | 11/4″ × 4″ or 1″ × 6″ | ||||
| Bracing | 1″ × 6″ | ||||
| Planking | |||||
| Not more than 6' span | 11/4″ × 9″ | ||||
| Up to 6' span | 2″ × 9″ | ||||
| Toeboards | 2″ × 9″ | ||||
| Guardrails | 2″ × 4″ | ||||
| Note: For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 foot = 304.8 mm, 1 pound per square foot = 47.88 Pa. |
| a. Total base dimension in both directions to be at least 25 percent of height. |
TABLE 3314.12.1(6) MINIMUM SIZE AND MAXIMUM SPACING OF MEMBERS OF INDEPENDENT WOOD POLE HEAVY DUTY SCAFFOLDS
| UNIFORMLY DISTRIBUTED LOAD NOT TO EXCEED 75 psf | |||||
| Max. height of scaffold (ft) | 20' | 40' | 60' | 75' | |
| Poles or uprights (min) | 4″ × 4″ | 4″ × 4″ | 4″ × 6″ | Top 60' 4″ × 6″ | Lower Sect. 6″ × 6″ |
| Pole foundation (min) | 2″ × 9″ | ||||
| Max. pole spacing (longitudinal) | 6'-0″a | ||||
| Max. pole spacing (transverse) | 10'-0″a | ||||
| Ledgers (min) | 2″ × 9″ (on edge) | ||||
| Vertical spacing of ledgers (max) | 5'-0″ | ||||
| Bearers (min) | 2″ x 9″ (on edge) | ||||
| Non-supporting stringers | 11/4″ × 9″ | ||||
| Bracing | 1″ × 6″ | ||||
| Planking | 2″ x 9″ | ||||
| Toeboards | 2″ × 9″ | ||||
| Guardrails | 2″ × 4″ | ||||
| Note: For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 foot = 304.8 mm, 1 pound per square foot = 47.88 Pa. |
| a. Total base dimension in both directions to be at least 25 percent of height. |
When a new working level is desired, the existing planks shall be left undisturbed until the new working level is framed. As the platform level is abandoned with the progress of the work, all members other than the planking, railing and toeboards shall be left intact. When removing a scaffold, the sequence of removing the members shall be the reverse of that used in erection.
Wood pole scaffold materials and construction shall comply with the following requirements:
1. All lumber used in wood pole scaffolds or their supports shall be at least equal in strength and quality to construction grade lumber in accordance with Section 2301.
2. All lumber and timber shall be fastened at the various joints with sufficient nails or bolts of a suitable size to produce a secure joint capable of withstanding the design load. Table 3314.12.3 provides minimum requirements for size and number of nails. All nails shall be driven full length.
3. Any other suitable material, or dimensions other than those indicated, may be used for wood pole scaffold construction provided it is at least equivalent in strength and suitability to the comparable wood scaffold it is designed to replace, and approval of the commissioner has been obtained.
TABLE 3314.12.3 SIZE AND NUMBER OF NAILS REQUIRED FOR SCAFFOLD CONSTRUCTION
1. All lumber used in wood pole scaffolds or their supports shall be at least equal in strength and quality to construction grade lumber in accordance with Section 2301.
2. All lumber and timber shall be fastened at the various joints with sufficient nails or bolts of a suitable size to produce a secure joint capable of withstanding the design load. Table 3314.12.3 provides minimum requirements for size and number of nails. All nails shall be driven full length.
3. Any other suitable material, or dimensions other than those indicated, may be used for wood pole scaffold construction provided it is at least equivalent in strength and suitability to the comparable wood scaffold it is designed to replace, and approval of the commissioner has been obtained.
TABLE 3314.12.3 SIZE AND NUMBER OF NAILS REQUIRED FOR SCAFFOLD CONSTRUCTION
| THICKNESS OF SMALLER MEMBER (inch) | TRADE SIZE OF NAIL | LENGTH OF NAIL (inch) |
| 1 | 8d | 2 1/2 |
| 2 | 20d | 4 |
| 3 | 60d | 6 |
| 4 | - | 8 |
| Width of Smaller Member (inch) | Minimum Number of Nails Required | |
| 4 | 2 | |
| 6 | 3 | |
| 8 | 4 | |
| 10 | 5 | |
| 12 | 5 | |
Wooden scaffold poles shall be plumb and the foot ends shall be secured against lateral movement. Where wood poles are spliced, the squared end of the upper section shall bear uniformly on the squared end of the lower section and the two ends shall be rigidly fastened together with two or more wood splice plates, each at least 4 feet (1219 mm) in length. The plates shall be placed at right angles to each other, shall overlap the abutting ends of the pole equally, and shall have a combined sectional area not less than 50 percent of the cross sectional area of the pole. Splicing of adjacent poles shall be staggered. Splices shall be close to ledgers, but so located as not to interfere with the fastenings.
Wood pole scaffolds shall be braced and stayed to prevent movement away from the building. Diagonal or equivalent bracing shall be provided to prevent the poles from moving in a direction parallel to the building face and shall be so installed that every spliced section of every pole is braced to adjacent poles.
Planking shall comply with Items 1 through 3.
1. Where planks are butted end to end, parallel putlogs or bearers shall be provided not more than 8 inches (203 mm) apart so that the butted ends rest on separate putlogs or bearers. Ends shall be nailed or cleated.
2. Where platform planks are used with overlapping ends, the ends of both the upper and lower planks shall overlap the putlog or bearer by at least 6 inches (152 mm).
3. Planks shall be laid close together and shall be of sufficient length to extend over three bearers.
1. Where planks are butted end to end, parallel putlogs or bearers shall be provided not more than 8 inches (203 mm) apart so that the butted ends rest on separate putlogs or bearers. Ends shall be nailed or cleated.
2. Where platform planks are used with overlapping ends, the ends of both the upper and lower planks shall overlap the putlog or bearer by at least 6 inches (152 mm).
3. Planks shall be laid close together and shall be of sufficient length to extend over three bearers.
Ledgers shall not be spliced between poles but shall overlap the poles at each end by at least 4 inches (102 mm). Where ledgers lap each other, bearing-blocks attached to the pole shall be provided to support the ledger.
The ends of all wooden braces shall overlap the nailed fastenings by an amount sufficient to prevent the ends of the braces from splitting.
All putlogs shall be set with the greater dimension vertical and shall be long enough to project beyond the outer edge of the poles by at least 12 inches (305 mm). Putlogs shall be supported on the ledger and located against the side of the poles and fastened to either the pole or the ledger. The other end of the putlog shall rest in the wall of the building, with at least a 4 inch (102 mm) bearing, and shall not be notched or cut down, except for light duty scaffolds, which may be notched or cut down to fit into a space made by the removal of a brick. In such cases, the notch shall be made on the top of the putlog just deep enough to permit it to be inserted in the hole in the wall.
Bearers shall be set with their greater dimensions vertical, and shall be long enough to project over the ledgers beyond the outer row of poles by at least 12 inches (305 mm) and beyond the inner row of poles by at least 2 inches (51 mm). Bearers shall be supported on the ledgers, located against the sides of the poles and fastened to the ledgers.
Frames and panels shall be braced by cross, horizontal or diagonal braces or a combination thereof, which secure vertical members together laterally.
Frames and panels shall be joined together vertically by coupling or stacking pins or equivalent means. Where uplift can occur, the frames or panels shall be locked together vertically by pins or equivalent means.
Brackets used to support cantilevered loads shall be seated with side-brackets parallel to the frame and end-brackets at 90 degrees (1.57 rad) to the frames shall not be bent or twisted from these positions and shall be used only to support light duty loads as defined in Section 3302.1, unless the design provisions of Section 3314.3 have been met.
Outrigger scaffolds (thrust out) shall not be used for loading in excess of 50 pounds per square foot (244.1 kg/m2) (medium duty).
The fulcrum point of the beam shall rest on a secure bearing at least 6 inches (152 mm) in each horizontal dimension. The beam shall be secured against movement and shall be securely braced against tipping at both the fulcrum point and the inboard end.
The inboard ends of outrigger beams shall be securely fixed to resist all vertical, horizontal and torsional forces. Pull-out tests for adhesive and expansions anchors, if used, shall be approved by the commissioner.
Two-point adjustable suspended platforms shall be at least 20 inches (508 mm) but not more than 36 inches (914 mm) in width unless designed by a registered design professional. Each end of the platform shall be supported by a stirrup or hanger that meets the requirements of Section 3315.15.2, and the platform shall be securely fastened thereto. Not more than two hangers or stirrups shall be used to support one scaffold.
Hangers or stirrups shall be of steel or wrought iron. Each such hanger shall be formed to properly fit the platform and the hoist mechanism. The hanger or stirrup shall be placed at least 6 inches (152 mm) but not more than 18 inches (457 mm) from the end of the platform unless the manufacturer specifies otherwise.
The use of fiber rope shall be limited to light duty two-point adjustable suspended scaffolds. Fiber rope shall be at least equivalent in strength and suitability to 3/4-inch (19 mm) grade #1 unspliced manila rope.
Fiber rope susceptible to damage from corrosive substances shall not be permitted for or near any work involving the use of corrosive substances.
Fiber rope shall not be used where the upper block is more than 100 feet (30 480 mm) or ten stories above the ground or roof setback.
All blocks shall fit the size of rope they carry, and shall be constructed so as not to chafe the rope.
Two or more two-point adjustable suspended scaffolds shall not be combined into one by bridging the distance between them or by any other form of connection.
Not more than two workers shall be permitted to work on one scaffold at one time except where the scaffold is designed to hold more. Written permission from the commissioner shall be required for more than two workers on the scaffold.
Every two-point adjustable suspended scaffold shall be equipped with a device to raise, lower or hold the scaffold in position.
The platforms of every two-point adjustable suspended scaffold shall be ladder-type, plank-type, beam-type, light-metal type, or another type acceptable to the commissioner.
As many motors as needed shall be provided to maintain the stability of the platform under all operating conditions.
The number of people allowed on a corner or angle scaffold shall not be more than the number of motors required to keep the scaffold stable, unless otherwise designed by a registered design professional.
In addition to the information required by Section 3314.3, corner and angle scaffolds shall also contain load capacity and distribution charts and a certification from the registered design professional that he/she has reviewed the manufacturer's design calculations and testing or prepared sufficient calculations of his/her own and found them to conform to this code.
The equipment setting for corner and angle scaffolds shall be inspected by the department prior to its use. Additional inspection by the department shall be required each time the equipment is moved to a different position.
Multiple-point adjustable suspended scaffolds shall comply with the following:
1. All multiple-point adjustable suspended scaffolds shall be supported by wire ropes. The use of fiber ropes is not permitted;
2. Provision shall be made to prevent supports from slipping off the ends of outrigger beams;
3. Platform bearers shall be of metal; and
4. During raising or lowering, the levels of the various sections of the scaffolds shall be kept uniform and the differential height between sections shall be minimized.
1. All multiple-point adjustable suspended scaffolds shall be supported by wire ropes. The use of fiber ropes is not permitted;
2. Provision shall be made to prevent supports from slipping off the ends of outrigger beams;
3. Platform bearers shall be of metal; and
4. During raising or lowering, the levels of the various sections of the scaffolds shall be kept uniform and the differential height between sections shall be minimized.
All manually propelled free-standing scaffolds shall meet the following requirements:
1. Work platforms shall be tightly planked for the full width of the scaffold, except for necessary entrance openings. Planks shall be secured in place;
2. Platforms shall have a guardrail system;
3. Where a ladder is used to approach a platform, the ladder shall be secured to the scaffold;
4. Handholds shall be provided for safe passage from the ladder to the platform;
5. Unless temporarily braced to an adjacent structure, the ratio of the platform height to the least base dimension shall be such as to assure stability, but in no case shall such height be more than four times the least base dimension;
6. Provisions shall be made to prevent the scaffold from falling during movement from one location to another;
7. While the scaffold is in use, it shall rest upon a stable footing and shall stand plumb. The casters or wheels shall be locked in position; and
8. While the scaffold is being moved, no person shall be permitted to ride on it, and all tools, equipment and material shall be removed.
1. Work platforms shall be tightly planked for the full width of the scaffold, except for necessary entrance openings. Planks shall be secured in place;
2. Platforms shall have a guardrail system;
3. Where a ladder is used to approach a platform, the ladder shall be secured to the scaffold;
4. Handholds shall be provided for safe passage from the ladder to the platform;
5. Unless temporarily braced to an adjacent structure, the ratio of the platform height to the least base dimension shall be such as to assure stability, but in no case shall such height be more than four times the least base dimension;
6. Provisions shall be made to prevent the scaffold from falling during movement from one location to another;
7. While the scaffold is in use, it shall rest upon a stable footing and shall stand plumb. The casters or wheels shall be locked in position; and
8. While the scaffold is being moved, no person shall be permitted to ride on it, and all tools, equipment and material shall be removed.
Mast climbers shall be designed, constructed, permitted, installed, adjusted, maintained, repaired, used, operated, inspected, and removed in accordance with rules promulgated by the commissioner.
No scaffolding permit issued for construction projects on public housing developments provided by the New York city housing authority shall be renewed unless the commissioner determines that such scaffolding is being used as part of an ongoing construction project. The commissioner shall promulgate such rules and regulations as shall be necessary to implement the provisions of this section.
An "ongoing" construction project" shall mean any construction project during which persons employed in construction work are utilizing such scaffolding at least two days per week, or have utilized such scaffolding for at least two days per week at any time over the course of the six months immediately preceding a request to renew a scaffolding permit.
*Section 3314.20 was added by Chapter 520 of the Laws of NYS of 2015. This act has an effective date of January 10, 2016.
An "ongoing" construction project" shall mean any construction project during which persons employed in construction work are utilizing such scaffolding at least two days per week, or have utilized such scaffolding for at least two days per week at any time over the course of the six months immediately preceding a request to renew a scaffolding permit.
*Section 3314.20 was added by Chapter 520 of the Laws of NYS of 2015. This act has an effective date of January 10, 2016.