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Section 502 Required Systems
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An exhaust system shall be provided, maintained
and operated as specifically required by this section
and for all occupied areas where machines, vats, tanks, furnaces,
forges, salamanders and other appliances, equipment
and processes in such areas produce or throw off dust or particles
sufficiently light to float in the air, or which emit heat,
odors, fumes, spray, gas or smoke, in such quantities so as to
be irritating or injurious to health or safety.
The inlet to an exhaust system
shall be located in the area of heaviest concentration of
contaminants.
The bottom of an air
inlet or exhaust opening in fuel-dispensing areas shall be
located not more than 18 inches (457 mm) above the floor.
The mechanical exhaust
of high concentrations of dust or hazardous vapors shall
conform to the requirements of Section 510.
Ventilation shall be provided in an
approved manner in battery-charging areas for powered
industrial trucks and equipment to prevent a dangerous accumulation
of flammable gases.
Stationary
storage battery systems, as regulated by Section 608 of the
International Fire Code, shall be provided with ventilation in
accordance with this chapter and Section 502.4.1 or 502.4.2.
Exception: Lithium-ion and lithium metal polymer batteries
shall not require additional ventilation beyond that
which would normally be required for human occupancy
of the space.
For flooded lead
acid, flooded nickel cadmium and VRLA batteries, the
ventilation system shall be designed to limit the maximum
concentration of hydrogen to 1.0 percent of the total volume
of the room.
Continuous ventilation
shall be provided at a rate of not less than 1 cubic
foot per minute per square foot (cfm/ft2) [0.00508 m3/(s •
m2)] of floor area of the room.
Mechanical ventilation systems
required by Section 502.4 shall be supervised by an
approved central, proprietary or remote station service or
shall initiate an audible and visual signal at a constantly
attended on-site location.
Valve-regulated lead-acid (VRLA) batteries installed in cabinets,
as regulated by Section 608.6.2 of the International Fire
Code, shall be provided with ventilation in accordance with
Section 502.5.1 or 502.5.2.
The cabinet ventilation
system shall be designed to limit the maximum
concentration of hydrogen to 1.0 percent of the total volume
of the cabinet during the worst-case event of simultaneous
boost charging of all batteries in the cabinet.
Continuous cabinet ventilation shall be provided at a rate of not less than 1 cubic foot per minute per square foot (cfm/ft2) [0.00508 m3/(s • m2)] of the floor area covered by the cabinet. The room in which the cabinet is installed shall be ventilated as required by Section 502.4.1 or 502.4.2.
Mechanical ventilation systems
required by Section 502.5 shall be supervised by an
approved central, proprietary or remote station service or
shall initiate an audible and visual signal at a constantly
attended on-site location.
Ventilation in dry cleaning
plants shall be adequate to protect employees and the public
in accordance with this section and DOL 29 CFR Part
1910.1000, where applicable.
Type II dry cleaning systems
shall be provided with a mechanical ventilation system
that is designed to exhaust 1 cubic foot of air per minute
for each square foot of floor area (1 cfm/ft2) [0.00508 m3/
(s • m2)] in dry cleaning rooms and in drying rooms. The
ventilation system shall operate automatically when the
dry cleaning equipment is in operation and shall have manual
controls at an approved location.
Type IV and V dry cleaning systems shall be provided with an automatically activated exhaust ventilation system to maintain an air velocity of not less than 100 feet per minute (0.51 m/s) through the loading door when the door is opened.
Exception: Dry cleaning units are not required to be provided with exhaust ventilation where an exhaust hood is installed immediately outside of and above the loading door which operates at an airflow rate as follows:
Q = 100 x ALD Equation (5-1)
| where: | ||
|---|---|---|
| Q | = | Flow rate exhausted through the hood, cubic feet per minute. |
| ALD | = | Area of the loading door, square feet. |
Scrubbing tubs,
scouring, brushing or spotting operations shall be located
such that solvent vapors are captured and exhausted by the
ventilating system.
Mechanical
exhaust as required by this section shall be provided for operations
involving the application of flammable finishes.
Ventilation shall be
provided for operations involving the application of materials
containing flammable solvents in the course of construction,
alteration or demolition of a structure.
Positive mechanical
ventilation that provides not less than six complete air
changes per hour shall be installed in limited spraying
spaces. Such system shall meet the requirements of the
International Fire Code for handling flammable vapors.
Explosion venting is not required.
Mechanical ventilation
of flammable vapor areas shall be provided in accordance
with Sections 502.7.3.1 through 502.7.3.6.
Mechanical ventilation shall
be kept in operation at all times while spraying operations
are being conducted and for a sufficient time
thereafter to allow vapors from drying coated articles
and finishing material residue to be exhausted. Spraying
equipment shall be interlocked with the ventilation
of the flammable vapor area such that spraying operations
cannot be conducted unless the ventilation system
is in operation.
Air exhausted from spraying
operations shall not be recirculated.
Exceptions:
- Air exhausted from spraying operations
shall be permitted to be recirculated as
makeup air for unmanned spray operations
provided that:
1.1. The solid particulate has been removed.
1.2. The vapor concentration is less than 25 percent of the lower flammable limit (LFL).
1.3. Approved equipment is used to monitor the vapor concentration.
1.4. An alarm is sounded and spray operations are automatically shut down if the vapor concentration exceeds 25 percent of the LFL.
1.5 In the event of shutdown of the vapor concentration monitor, 100 percent of the air volume specified in Section 510 is automatically exhausted. - Air exhausted from spraying operations is allowed to be recirculated as makeup air to manned spraying operations where all of the conditions provided in Exception 1 are included in the installation and documents have been prepared to show that the installation does not pose a life safety hazard to personnel inside the spray booth, spraying space or spray room.
The ventilation system shall
be designed, installed and maintained so that the flammable
contaminants are diluted in noncontaminated air
to maintain concentrations in the exhaust air flow
below 25 percent of the contaminant's lower flammable
limit (LFL). In addition, the spray booth shall be
provided with mechanical ventilation so that the average
air velocity through openings is in accordance with
Sections 502.7.3.3.1 and 502.7.3.3.2.
For spray application operations conducted
in an open face or open front spray booth, the ventilation
system shall be designed, installed and maintained
so that the average air velocity into the spray
booth through all openings is not less than 100 feet
per minute (0.51 m/s).
Exception: For fixed or automated electrostatic
spray application equipment, the average air
velocity into the spray booth through all openings
shall be not less than 50 feet per minute (0.25 m/s).
For
spray application operations conducted in an
enclosed spray booth or spray room with openings
for product conveyance, the ventilation system shall
be designed, installed and maintained so that the
average air velocity into the spray booth through
openings is not less than 100 feet per minute (0.51
m/s).
Exceptions:
- For fixed or automated electrostatic spray application equipment, the average air velocity into the spray booth through all openings shall be not less than 50 feet per minute (0.25 m/s).
- Where methods are used to reduce cross drafts that can draw vapors and overspray through openings from the spray booth or spray room, the average air velocity into the spray booth or spray room shall be that necessary to capture and confine vapors and overspray to the spray booth or spray room.
Articles being
sprayed shall be positioned in a manner that does not
obstruct collection of overspray.
Each spray booth
and spray room shall have an independent exhaust duct
system discharging to the outdoors.
Exceptions:
- Multiple spray booths having a combined frontal area of 18 square feet (1.67 m2) or less are allowed to have a common exhaust where identical spray-finishing material is used in each booth. If more than one fan serves one booth, such fans shall be interconnected so that all fans operate simultaneously.
- Where treatment of exhaust is necessary
for air pollution control or energy conservation,
ducts shall be allowed to be manifolded
if all of the following conditions are
met:
2.1. The sprayed materials used are compatible and will not react or cause ignition of the residue in the ducts.
2.2. Nitrocellulose-based finishing material shall not be used.
2.3. A filtering system shall be provided to reduce the amount of overspray carried into the duct manifold.
2.4. Automatic sprinkler protection shall be provided at the junction of each booth exhaust with the manifold, in addition to the protection required by this chapter.
Electric motors
driving exhaust fans shall not be placed inside booths
or ducts. Fan rotating elements shall be nonferrous or
nonsparking or the casing shall consist of, or be lined
with, such material. Belts shall not enter the duct or
booth unless the belt and pulley within the duct are
tightly enclosed.
Flammable vapor areas
of dip tank operations shall be provided with mechanical
ventilation adequate to prevent the dangerous accumulation
of vapors. Required ventilation systems shall be so
arranged that the failure of any ventilating fan will automatically
stop the dipping conveyor system.
The flammable
vapor area in spray-finishing operations involving electrostatic
apparatus and devices shall be ventilated in accordance
with Section 502.7.3.
Exhaust ventilation for powder-coating operations shall be sufficient to maintain the atmosphere below one-half of the minimum explosive concentration for the material being applied. Nondeposited, air-suspended powders shall be removed through exhaust ducts to the powder recovery system.
To prevent the
accumulation of flammable vapors during floor resurfacing
operations, mechanical ventilation at a minimum rate
of 1 cfm/ft2 [0.00508 m3/(s • m2)] of area being finished
shall be provided. Such exhaust shall be by approved temporary
or portable means. Vapors shall be exhausted to the
exterior of the building.
Exhaust ventilation systems for structures containing hazardous
materials shall be provided as required in Sections
502.8.1 through 502.8.5.
Indoor storage areas and storage buildings for
hazardous materials in amounts exceeding the maximum
allowable quantity per control area shall be provided with
mechanical exhaust ventilation or natural ventilation
where natural ventilation can be shown to be acceptable
for the materials as stored.
Exceptions:
- Storage areas for flammable solids complying with Section 5904 of the International Fire Code.
- Storage areas and storage buildings for fireworks and explosives complying with Chapter 56 of the International Fire Code.
Exhaust ventilation systems shall comply with all of the following:
- The installation shall be in accordance with this code.
- Mechanical ventilation shall be provided at a rate of not less than 1 cfm per square foot [0.00508 m3/(s • m2)] of floor area over the storage area.
- The systems shall operate continuously unless alternate designs are approved.
- A manual shutoff control shall be provided outside of the room in a position adjacent to the access door to the room or in another approved location. The switch shall be a break-glass or other approved type and shall be labeled: VENTILATION SYSTEM EMERGENCY SHUTOFF.
- The exhaust ventilation shall be designed to consider the density of the potential fumes or vapors released. For fumes or vapors that are heavier than air, exhaust shall be taken from a point within 12 inches (305 mm) of the floor. For fumes or vapors that are lighter than air, exhaust shall be taken from a point within 12 inches (305 mm) of the highest point of the room.
- The location of both the exhaust and inlet air openings shall be designed to provide air movement across all portions of the floor or room to prevent the accumulation of vapors.
- The exhaust air shall not be recirculated to occupied areas if the materials stored are capable of emitting hazardous vapors and contaminants have not been removed. Air contaminated with explosive or flammable vapors, fumes or dusts; flammable, highly toxic or toxic gases; or radioactive materials shall not be recirculated.
The ventilation system for gas rooms, exhausted
enclosures and gas cabinets for any quantity of hazardous
material shall be designed to operate at a negative pressure
in relation to the surrounding area. Highly toxic and toxic
gases shall comply with Sections 502.9.7.1, 502.9.7.2 and
502.9.8.4.
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