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1224.18 Radiological/Diagnostic Imaging Service Space

California Building Code 2022 > 12 Interior Environment > 1224 [OSHPD 1] Hospitals > 1224.18 Radiological/Diagnostic Imaging Service Space
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Space and equipment shall be provided to accommodate all required elements, and any additional imaging modalities included in the service space, as required in this section. To differentiate the design and construction requirements needed to achieve the environmental controls and other requirements that support the amount of intervention to be provided, imaging rooms shall be classified as described in Table 1224.4.11.4a (Examination/Treatment, Imaging, Procedure and Operating Room Classification). Where an imaging room will be used for Class 1 and Class 2 procedures, the more stringent requirements for the higher class room shall apply. Where imaging procedures meeting Class 3 criteria are performed, rooms that meet the requirements for the applicable imaging suite and for an operating room per Section 1224.15.2.1 or hybrid operating room per Section 1224.28.5 shall be provided. If Class 3 interventional or image-guided procedures are performed in the imaging services area, additional provisions shall be as described in Section 1224.28 Supplemental Surgery and other Special Procedure Services. If nuclear medicine is provided in the imaging services area, spaces shall also comply with the requirements described in Section 1224.34 Nuclear Medicine.
1224.18.1 Minimum Requirements
Hospital shall provide a minimum of:
  1. One fluoroscopy room or CT room on approval of Licensing Agency, which can also provide x-ray examination services.
  2. Space for processing or viewing images.
  3. A toilet room shall adjoin and be directly accessible to each fluoroscopy room. In addition to the fluoroscopy toilet rooms, common patient toilet room facilities shall be located in the radiological/diagnostic imaging service space.
  4. An office or other suitable area for viewing and reporting radiographic examination.
  5. Storage spaces for all image equipment, supplies and copies of reports.
  6. Handwashing stations located within the unit.
    1. Handwashing station(s) shall be provided within the unit to serve imaging spaces not served by a dedicated handwashing station within the imaging room or scrub facility located directly outside the imaging/procedure room.
    2. A handwashing station shall be provided in Class 1 imaging rooms, unless specified otherwise for a specific imaging modality.
    3. A handwashing station or hand scrub facility shall be provided for Class 2 imaging rooms. If a handwashing station is provided, it shall be directly accessible to the imaging room. If a hand scrub facility is provided, it shall be directly outside the entrance to the imaging room.
    4. Hand scrub facilities shall be provided directly outside the entrance to a Class 3 imaging room.
  7. Dressing room facilities.
1224.18.1.1 Radiation Protection
A certified physicist or other qualified expert shall specify the type, location and amount of radiation protection to be installed in accordance with the final approved department layout and equipment selections. Where protected alcoves with view windows are required, a minimum of 1'-6" (0.45 meter) between the view window and the outside partition edge shall be provided. Radiation protection requirements shall be incorporated into the construction documents and comply with Chapter 31C and the requirements of California Radiation Control Regulations, California Code of Regulations, Title 17, Division 1, Chapter 5 and Subchapter 4.
  1. The control alcove or room shall be, at minimum, sized and configured in compliance with the manufacturer's recommendations for installation, service and maintenance.
  2. A control alcove or room shall be permitted to serve more than one imaging room, provided the manufacturer's recommendations for installation, service and maintenance are accommodated for all rooms served.
  3. The control alcove or room shall include a shielded view window, as specified in the physicist's report, designed to provide a full view of the examination/procedure table and the patient at all times, including a full view of the patient during imaging activities (e.g., when the table is tilted or the chest x-ray is in use).
  4. The control room shall be physically separated from a Class 2 or Class 3 imaging room with walls and a door.
  5. Where an imaging room requires positive (or negative) pressure, a door shall be provided between the control room and the imaging room.
1224.18.1.2 Multiple-Modality Devices
Where two or more individual imaging or therapy modalities are integrated into one imaging device (e.g., PET/CT, SPECT/CT or PET/MRI), the minimum requirements for that room shall include the criteria for each individual contributing modality. Refer to Section 1224.34 for modalities not included under Section 1224.18.
1224.18.2 Angiography
If provided, diagnostic angiography space shall accommodate the following:
  1. A control room with a view window to permit full view of the patient.
  2. A scrub sink located outside the staff entry to the procedure room.
  3. Patient holding area shall accommodate at least one patient gurney with a minimum of 3-foot (914 mm) clearance on the long side.
  4. Storage for portable equipment and catheters shall be provided.
1224.18.2.1 Interventional Angiography Procedures
If interventional angiography procedures are to be performed in the angiography room, the suite shall comply with interventional imaging requirements in Section 1224.28.4. If cardiac catheterization procedures are performed refer to Section 1224.28.2.
1224.18.3 Computerized Tomography (CT) Scanning
If provided, CT space shall accommodate the following:
1224.18.3.1 Spaces Required
If provided, CT scan spaces shall accommodate the equipment with a minimum of 3 feet (914 mm) on all sides of the equipment, together with the following:
  1. A control room or alcove shall be provided that is designed to accommodate the computer and other controls for the equipment. A view window shall be provided to permit view of the patient.
  2. A patient toilet room readily accessible to the procedure room.
1224.18.3.2 Intraoperative Computerized Tomography
If provided, intraoperative CT scanning spaces shall comply with Section 1224.28.5.
1224.18.4 Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
If provided, the MRI room shall accommodate the equipment with a minimum of 3 feet (914 mm) on all sides of the equipment, together with the following:
  1. A control room shall be provided with full view of the patient in the MRI scanner. The control console shall be positioned so the operator has a full view of the approach and entrance to the MRI scanner room.
  2. An anteroom or area visible from the control room shall be located outside the MRI scanner room so that patients, health care personnel and other employees must pass through it before entering the scanning area and control room. The room or area shall be outside the restricted areas of the MRI's magnetic field.
  3. Safety Zones One through Four shall be identified.
    1. Zone One consists of all areas freely accessible to the general public. This zone includes the entrance to the MR facility.
    2. Zone Two acts as a buffer between Zone One and the more restrictive Zone Three. Patients are under the general supervision of MR personnel. Zone Two may include the reception area, dressing room and interview room.
    3. Zone Three should be restricted by a physical barrier. The MR control room and/or computer room are located within Zone Three.
    4. Zone Four is strictly the area within the walls of the MR scanner room. Access into the MR scanner room should only be available by passing through Zone Three.
  4. An imaging equipment room shall be provided if needed for the operation of the MRI.
1224.18.4.1 Handwashing Station
Handwashing station(s) shall be immediately accessible to the MRI scanner room.
1224.18.4.2 Wall, Floor and Ceiling Assemblies
Wall, floor and ceiling assemblies shall accommodate the installation of required radio frequency (RF)-shielded assemblies. All doors, windows and penetrations into the RF-shielded enclosure shall be RF-shielded. As well as RF shielding, individual sites may also require magnetic shielding on some or all surfaces to contain portions of the magnetic field not contained by the RF shield.
1224.18.4.3 Lighted Sign
MRI rooms shall be clearly marked with a red light and lighted sign stating, "The Magnet Is On". This light and sign are to be lighted at all times and have a backup energy source to remain illuminated for at least 24 hours in the event of a loss of power.
1224.18.4.4 Magnetic Field Strength Identification
Facilities shall use finishes or markings to identify the critical values of the magnetic field surrounding the MRI scanner, including the 5-gauss exclusion zone or other magnetic field strength values that may impair the operation of equipment.
1224.18.4.5 Special Ventilation Requirements
Where superconducting MRI scanners are installed, an insulated cryogen quench exhaust pipe as well as room exhaust and pressure equalization shall be provided to protect occupants in the event of a cryogen breach.
1224.18.4.6 Intraoperative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
If provided, the intraoperative magnetic resonance imaging (iMRI) suite shall comply with Section 1224.28.5.
1224.18.5 Ultrasound
When provided, the ultrasound room shall comply with the following:
1224.18.5.1 Space Requirements
  1. Area. Rooms used for ultrasound examination/treatment shall have a minimum clear floor area of 120 square feet (11.15 m2).
  2. Clearances. A minimum clear dimension of 3 feet (914 mm) shall be provided on three sides of the table/stretcher.
1224.18.5.2 Handwashing Station
A handwashing station shall be provided within the exam room.
1224.18.5.3 Patient Toilet(s)
A patient toilet shall be directly accessible to the ultrasound exam room. The patient toilet may be permitted to serve more than one ultrasound exam room. If exams performed are limited to cardiology, vascular, breast ultrasound or used only for image guided procedures, then the toilet is not required to have direct access.
1224.18.5.4 Processing Room
If provided, a processing room shall contain distinct areas for cleaning and decontaminating instruments. The cleaning area shall provide for flow of instruments from the contaminated area to the clean area and then to storage.
1224.18.5.4.1
The decontamination area shall be equipped with the following:
  1. One freestanding handwashing station.
  2. Work counter space(s).
  3. Separate storage room or cabinets for HLD probes.
1224.18.6 Mammography
When provided, the mammography room shall comply with the following:
1224.18.6.1 Space Requirements
  1. Area. Mammography rooms shall be a minimum of 100 square feet (9.3 m2).
  2. Shielded alcove. Each x-ray room shall include a shielded control alcove. For mammography machines with built-in shielding for the operator, omission of the alcove shall be permitted when approved by the certified physicist.
1224.18.6.2 Handwashing Station
A handwashing station shall be provided within the procedure room.
1224.18.7 Support Spaces
The following spaces are common to the imaging service area and are minimum requirements unless stated otherwise:
1224.18.7.1 Patient's Toilet Room(s)
In service spaces with procedure rooms that do not have dedicated patient toilets, provide a minimum of one patient toilet room within the service space.
1224.18.7.2 Patient Dressing Areas
Dressing areas shall be provided adjacent to the imaging rooms.
1224.18.7.3 Staff Facilities
In service space of three or more procedure rooms, staff toilet room(s) internal to the service space shall be provided.
1224.18.7.4 Film Storage (Active)
If film systems are used, provide the following:
  1. A room with cabinet or shelves for filing patient film for immediate retrieval shall be provided.
  2. Storage facilities for unexposed film which shall include protection of film against exposure or damage.
1224.18.7.5 Locked Storage
Provision shall be made for locked storage of medications and drugs.
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