42-20 Performance Standards

In all #Manufacturing Districts#, after December 15, 1961, any #use# thereafter established or changed to a #use# listed in Use Group 11A, 16, 17, or 18, and every #building or other structure# or open area of a #zoning lot# thereafter #developed#, constructed, or used for any #use# listed in Use Group 11A, 16, 17, or 18, shall comply with each and every performance standard governing noise, vibration, smoke and other particulate matter, odorous matter, toxic or noxious matter, radiation hazards, fire and explosive hazards, humidity, heat or glare applicable to the district in which such #use#, #building or other structure# or open area is located.

If any existing #use# or #building or other structure# is #extended#, #enlarged# or reconstructed after December 15, 1961, the applicable district regulations for each and every performance standard shall apply with respect to such #extended#, #enlarged#, or reconstructed portion or portions of such #use# or #building or other structure#.

In case of any conflict between the Use Groups and the performance standards, the latter shall control. #Uses# listed in Use Group 18 are permitted in M1 or M2 Districts (as well as M3 Districts) if such #uses# comply with all of the applicable performance standards for such districts.

In case of any conflict between the performance standards and the rules and regulations adopted by the Department of Environmental Protection, the more restrictive shall apply.

For the purposes of this Section, the following terms are defined:

Decibel

A "decibel" is a unit of measurement of the intensity of sound (the sound pressure level).

Impact noise analyzer

An "impact noise analyzer" is an instrument used in conjunction with the #sound level meter# to measure the peak intensities of short duration sounds.

Octave band

An "octave band" is one of a series of eight bands which cover the normal range of frequencies included in sound measurements. Such #octave bands# serve to define the sound in terms of its pitch components.

Octave band analyzer

An "octave band analyzer" is an instrument used in conjunction with a #sound level meter# to measure sound in each of eight #octave bands#.

Sound level meter

A "sound level meter" is an instrument standardized by the American Standards Association, which is used for measurement of the intensity of sound and is calibrated in #decibels#.

For the purpose of measuring the intensity or frequency of sound, the #sound level meter#, the #octave band analyzer#, and the #impact noise analyzer# shall be employed.

The "C" network and the "slow" meter response of the #sound level meter# shall be used. Sounds of short duration, as from forge hammers, punch presses, and metal shears, which cannot be measured accurately with the #sound level meter#, shall be measured with the #impact noise analyzer# as manufactured by the General Radio Company, or its equivalent, in order to determine the peak value of the impact. For sounds so measured, the sound pressure levels set forth in Section 42-213 (Maximum permitted decibel levels) may be increased by six #decibels#.

In all #Manufacturing Districts#, the sound pressure level resulting from any activity, whether open or enclosed, shall not exceed, at any point on or beyond any #lot line#, the maximum permitted #decibel# levels for the designated #octave band# as set forth in the following table for the district indicated.

In the enforcement of this regulation, sounds produced by the operation of motor vehicles or other transportation facilities shall not be included in determining the maximum permitted #decibel# levels.

MAXIMUM PERMITTED SOUND PRESSURE LEVEL (in #decibels#)
District
#Octave Band# (cycles per second)	M1	M2	M3
20 to 75 75 to 150 150 to 300 300 to 600 600 to 1,200 1,200 to 2,400 2,400 to 4,800 Above 4,800	79 74 66 59 53 47 41 39	79 75 68 62 56 51 47 44	80 75 70 64 58 53 49 46

Whenever a #Manufacturing District# adjoins a #Residence District#, at any point at the district boundary or within the #Residence District#, the maximum permitted #decibel# levels in all #octave bands# shall be reduced by six #decibels# from the maximum levels set forth in the table in Section 42-213 (Maximum permitted decibel levels).

For the purposes of this Section, the following terms are defined:

Frequency

A "frequency" is the number of oscillations per second of a vibration.

Impact vibrations

"Impact vibrations" are earth-borne oscillations occurring in discrete pulses at or less than 100 pulses per minute.

Steady state vibrations

"Steady state vibrations" are earth-borne oscillations that are continuous. Discrete pulses that occur more frequently than 100 times per minute shall be considered to be #steady state vibrations#.

Three-component measuring system

A "three-component measuring system" is a device for recording the intensity of any vibration in three mutually perpendicular directions.

For the purpose of measuring vibration, a #three-component measuring system# approved by the Commissioner of Buildings shall be employed.

In all #Manufacturing Districts#, no activity shall cause or create a #steady state vibration# at any point on any #lot line#, with a displacement in excess of the permitted #steady state vibration# displacement for the #frequencies# as set forth in the following table for the district indicated.

MAXIMUM PERMITTED STEADY STATE VIBRATION DISPLACEMENT (in inches)
District
#Frequency# (cycles per second)	M1	M2	M3
10 and below 10-20 20-30 30-40 40-50 50-60 60 and over	.0008 .0005 .0003 .0002 .0001 .0001 .0001	.0020 .0010 .0006 .0004 .0003 .0002 .0001	.0039 .0022 .0011 .0007 .0005 .0004 .0004

In all #Manufacturing Districts#, no activity shall cause or create an #impact vibration#, at any point on any #lot line#, with a displacement in excess of the permitted #impact vibration# displacement for the #frequencies# as set forth in the following table for the district indicated.

MAXIMUM PERMITTED IMPACT VIBRATION DISPLACEMENT (in inches)
District
#Frequency# (cycles per second)	M1	M2	M3
10 and below 10-20 20-30 30-40 40-50 50-60 60 and over	.0016 .0010 .0006 .0004 .0002 .0002 .0002	.0040 .0020 .0012 .0008 .0006 .0004 .0002	.0078 .0044 .0022 .0014 .0010 .0008 .0008

Whenever an M2 or M3 District adjoins a #Residence District#, the #steady state# and #impact vibration# displacement, measured at the district boundary, shall not exceed the maximum permitted for an M1 District for the #frequencies# as set forth in the tables in Section 42-223 (Maximum permitted steady state vibration displacement) or Section 42-224 (Maximum permitted impact vibration displacement).

For the purposes of this Section, the following terms are defined:

Combustion for indirect heating

"Combustion for indirect heating" is the burning of fuel in equipment, such as steam boilers, water or air heaters, stills, or brew kettles, where there is no contact between the products of combustion and the materials being heated.

Dust

"Dust" is solid #particulate matter# capable of being air- or gas-borne.

Particulate matter

"Particulate matter" is any finely divided liquid or solid matter capable of being air- or gas-borne.

Process weight

"Process weight" is the total weight of all materials used in any process which discharges #dust# into the atmosphere. Such materials shall include solid fuels, but not liquid or gaseous fuels or combustion air.

Smoke

"Smoke" is any visible emission into the open air from any source, except emissions of an uncontaminated water vapor.

Smoke unit

A "smoke unit" is a measure of the quantity of #smoke# being discharged and is the number obtained by multiplying the #smoke# density in a #Standard Smoke Chart number# by the time of emission in minutes. For example, the emission of #Standard Smoke Chart number# 1 for one minute equals one #smoke unit#.

Standard Smoke Chart numbers

"Standard Smoke Chart numbers" are the numbers on the Standard Smoke Chart of the Department of Air Pollution Control that coincide most nearly with the grids on the Standard Smoke Chart indicating graduations of light-obscuring capacity of #smoke#.

In all #Manufacturing Districts#, the density of emission of #smoke# during normal operations shall not exceed #Standard Smoke Chart number# 2, and the quantity of #smoke# shall not exceed a maximum of 10 #smoke units# per hour per stack in M1 Districts, 20 such units in M2 Districts, and 30 such units in M3 Districts. The method of measurement, additional limitations on the emission of #smoke# of a density not exceeding #Standard Smoke Chart number# 2, and the maximum permitted density and quantity of #smoke# during special operations such as building new fires, banking, or cleaning fires, soot blowing, or process purging, shall be determined in accordance with rules and regulations adopted by the Department of Environmental Protection.

1. Related to #combustion for indirect heating#
   
   In all #Manufacturing Districts#, the emission into the atmosphere of #dust# related to #combustion for indirect heating# from any source shall not exceed the maximum number of pounds of #dust# per million British thermal units heat input per hour as set forth herein:
   
   
   1. In M1 Districts
      
      In M1 Districts, the maximum permitted emission shall be 0.50 pounds for minimum-size plants producing a heat input of 10 million or less British thermal units per hour and 0.15 for maximum size plants producing a heat input of 10,000 million or more British thermal units per hour. All intermediate values shall be determined from a straight line plotted on log graph paper.
   
   
   2. In M2 or M3 Districts
      
      In M2 or M3 Districts, the maximum permitted emission for such minimum-size plants shall be 0.60 in M2 Districts and 0.70 in M3 Districts, and for such maximum-size plants shall be 0.16 in M2 Districts and 0.18 in M3 Districts. All intermediate values shall be determined from a straight line plotted on log graph paper.
   
   
2. Related to processes
   
   In all #Manufacturing Districts#, the emission into the atmosphere of process #dust# or other #particulate matter# which is unrelated to #combustion for indirect heating# or incineration shall not exceed 0.50 pounds per hour for 100 pounds of #process weight# or 50 pounds per hour for 100,000 pounds of #process weight#. All intermediate values shall be determined from a straight line plotted on log graph paper.


3. Total limit on emission of #dust# or other #particulate matter# in M1 or M2 Districts
   
   In M1 or M2 Districts the maximum amount of #dust# or other #particulate matter# from all sources including #combustion for indirect heating#, process #dust#, or combustion for incineration which may be emitted from a single stack or vent shall not exceed 33 pounds per hour in M1 Districts, nor 250 pounds per hour in M2 Districts.


4. Method of measurement and #dust# from incineration
   
   In all #Manufacturing Districts#, the method of measurement and permitted emission of #dust# related to combustion for incineration shall not exceed the maximum allowances established under rules and regulations adopted by the Department of Environmental Protection.


5. Prevention of wind-blown air pollution
   
   In all #Manufacturing Districts#, all storage areas, yards, service roads, or other untreated open areas within the boundaries of a #zoning lot# shall be improved with appropriate landscaping or paving, or treated by oiling or any other means as specified in rules and regulations adopted by the Department of Environmental Protection, so that #dust# or other types of air pollution borne by the wind from such sources shall be minimized.

In addition to the performance standards of regulating #smoke# and other #particulate matter#, the emission of such matter shall be so controlled in manner and quantity of emission as not to be detrimental to or endanger the public health, safety, comfort, or other aspects of the general welfare, or cause damage or injury to property.