// CODE SNIPPET
Section 716 Opening Protectives
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Opening protectives required by other sections of this code shall comply with the provisions of this section and shall be installed in accordance with NFPA 80.
| FIRE TEST STANDARD | MARKING | DEFINITION OF MARKING |
| ASTM E119 or UL 263 | W | Meets wall assembly criteria. |
| ASTM E119 or UL 263 | FC | Meets floor/ceiling criteriaa |
| NFPA 257 or UL 9 | OH | Meets fire window assembly criteria including the hose stream test. |
| NFPA 252 or UL 10B or UL 10C | D | Meets fire door assembly criteria. |
| H | Meets fire door assembly hose stream test. | |
| T | Meets 450°F temperature rise criteria for 30 minutes | |
| — | XXX | The time in minutes of the fire resistance or fire protection rating of the glazing assembly. |
For SI: °C = [(°F) — 32]/1.8
- See Section 2409.1
| TYPE OF ASSEMBLY |
REQUIRED WALL ASSEMBLY RATING (hours) |
MINIMUM FIRE DOOR AND FIRE SHUTTER ASSEMBLY RATING (hours) |
DOOR VISION PANEL SIZEb |
FIRE-RATED GLAZING MARKING DOOR VISION PANELc, e |
MINIMUM SIDELIGHT/ TRANSOM ASSEMBLY RATING (hours) |
FIRE-RATED GLAZING MARKING SIDELIGHT/TRANSOM PANEL |
||
| Fire protection |
Fire resistance |
Fire protection |
Fire resistance |
|||||
| Fire walls and fire barriers having a required fire-resistance rating greater than 1 hour | 4 | 3 | See Note b | D-H-W-240 | Not Permitted | 4 | Not Permitted | W-240 |
| 3 | 3a | See Note b | D-H-W-180 | Not Permitted | 3 | Not Permitted | W-180 | |
| 2 | 11/2 | 100 sq. in. | ≤100 sq. in. = D-H-90 >100 sq. in.= D-H-W-90 |
Not Permitted | 2 | Not Permitted | W-120 | |
| 11/2 | 11/2 | 100 sq. in. | ≤100 sq. in. = D-H-90 >100 sq. in.= D-H-W-90 |
Not Permitted | 11/2 | Not Permitted | W-90 | |
| Enclosures for shafts, interior exit stairways and interior exit ramps. | 2 | 11/2 | 100 sq. in.c | ≤100 sq. in. = D-H-90 > 100 sq. in.= D-H-T-W-90 |
Not Permitted | 2 | Not Permitted | W-120 |
| Horizontal exits in fire wallsd | 4 | 3 | 100 sq. in. | ≤100 sq. in. = D-H-180 > 100 sq. in.= D-H-W-240 |
Not Permitted | 4 | Not Permitted | W-240 |
| 3 | 3a | 100 sq. in. | ≤100 sq. in. = D-H-180 > 100 sq. in.= D-H-W-180 |
Not Permitted | 3 | Not Permitted | W-180 | |
| Fire barriers having a required fire-resistance rating of 1 hour: Enclosures for shafts, exit access stairways, exit access ramps, interior exit stairways and interior exit ramps; and exit passageway walls |
1 | 1 | 100 sq. in. | ≤100 sq. in. = D-H-60 >100 sq. in.= D-H-T-W-60 |
Not Permitted | 1 | Not Permitted | W-60 |
| Fire protection | ||||||||
| Other fire barriers | 1 | 3/4 | Maximum size tested | D-H | 3/4 | D-H | ||
| Fire partitions: Corridor walls | 1 | 1/3b | Maximum size tested | D-20 | 3/4b | D-H-OH-45 | ||
| 0.5 | 1/3b | Maximum size tested | D-20 | 1/3 | D-H-OH-20 | |||
| Other fire partitions | 1 | 3/4 | Maximum size tested | D-H-45 | 3/4 | D-H-45 | ||
| 0.5 | 1/3 | Maximum size tested | D-H-20 | 1/3 | D-H-20 | |||
| Exterior walls | 3 | 11/2 | 100 sq. in.b | ≤100 sq. in. = D-H-90 > 100 sq. in = D-H-W-90 |
Not Permitted | 3 | Not Permitted | W-180 |
| 2 | 11/2 | Maximum size tested | D-H 90 or D-H-W-90 | 11/2 | 2 | D-H-OH-90 | W-120 | |
| Fire protection | ||||||||
| 1 | 3/4 | Maximum size tested | D-H-45 | 3/4 | D-H-45 | |||
| Smoke barriers | Fire protection | |||||||
| 1 | 1/3 | Maximum size tested | D-20 | 3/4 | D-H-OH-45 | |||
For SI: 1 square inch = 645.2 mm.
- Two doors, each with a fire protection rating of 11/2 hours, installed on opposite sides of the same opening in a fire wall, shall be deemed equivalent in fire protection rating to one 3-hour fire door.
- Fire-resistance-rated glazing tested to ASTM E119 in accordance with Section 716.1.2.3 shall be permitted, in the maximum size tested.
- Under the column heading "Fire-rated glazing marking door vision panel," W refers to the fire-resistance rating of the glazing, not the frame.
- See Section 716.2.5.1.2.1.
- See Section 716.1.2.2.1 and Table 716.1(1) for additional permitted markings.
| TYPE OF WALL ASSEMBLY |
REQUIRED WALL ASSEMBLY RATING (hours) |
MINIMUM FIRE WINDOW ASSEMBLY RATING (hours) |
FIRE-RATED GLAZING MARKING |
| Interior walls | |||
| Fire walls | All | NPa | W-XXXb |
| Fire barriers | >1 | NPa | W-XXXb |
| 1 | NPa | W-XXXb | |
| Atrium separations (Section 707.3.6), Incidental use areas (Section 707.3.7), Mixed occupancy separations (Section 707.3.9) |
1 | 3/4 | OH-45 or W-60 |
| Fire partitions | 1 | 3/4 | OH-45 or W-60 |
| 0.5 | 1/3 | OH-20 or W-30 | |
| Smoke barriers | 1 | 3/4 | OH-45 or W-60 |
| Exterior walls | >1 | 11/2 | OH-90 or W-XXXb |
| 1 | 3/4 | OH-45 or W-60 | |
| 0.5 | 1/3 | OH-20 or W-30 | |
| Party wall | All | NP | Not Applicable |
NP = Not Permitted.
- Not permitted except fire-resistance-rated glazing assemblies tested to ASTM E119 or UL 263, as specified in Section 716.1.2.3.
- XXX = The fire rating duration period in minutes, which shall be equal to the fire-resistance rating required for the wall assembly.
The application of any of the alternative methods listed in this section shall be based on the fire exposure and acceptance criteria specified in NFPA 252, NFPA 257, UL 9, UL 10B or UL 10C. The required fire resistance of an opening protective shall be permitted to be established by any of the following methods or procedures:
- Designs documented in approved sources.
- Calculations performed in an approved manner.
- Engineering analysis based on a comparison of opening protective designs having fire protection ratings as determined by the test procedures set forth in NFPA 252, NFPA 257, UL 9, UL 10B or UL 10C.
- Alternative protection methods as allowed by Section 104.11.
Glazing used in fire door assemblies and fire window assemblies shall comply with this section in addition to the requirements of Sections 716.2 and 716.3, respectively.
Fire-protection-rated glazing and fire-resistance-rated glazing installed in fire door assemblies and fire window assemblies shall comply with the safety glazing requirements of Chapter 24 where applicable.
Fire-rated glazing assemblies shall be marked in accordance with Tables 716.1(1), 716.1(2) and 716.1(3).
For fire-rated glazing, the label shall bear the identification required in Tables 716.1(1) and 716.1(2). "D" indicates that the glazing is permitted to be used in fire door assemblies and meets the fire protection requirements of NFPA 252, UL 10B or UL 10C. "H" indicates that the glazing meets the hose stream requirements of NFPA 252, UL 10B or UL 10C. "T" indicates that the glazing meets the temperature requirements of Section 716.2.2.3.1. The placeholder "XXX" represents the fire-rating period, in minutes.
For fire-protection-rated glazing, the label shall bear the following identification required in Tables 716.1(1) and 716.1(3): "OH — XXX." "OH" indicates that the glazing meets both the fire protection and the hose-stream requirements of NFPA 257 or UL 9 and is permitted to be used in fire window openings. The placeholder "XXX" represents the fire-rating period, in minutes.
For fire-resistance-rated glazing, the label shall bear the identification required in Section 703.6 and Table 716.1.(1).
Fire-rated glazing assemblies marked as complying with hose stream requirements (H) shall be permitted in applications that do not require compliance with hose stream requirements. Fire-rated glazing assemblies marked as complying with temperature rise requirements (T) shall be permitted in applications that do not require compliance with temperature rise requirements. Fire-rated glazing assemblies marked with ratings (XXX) that exceed the ratings required by this code shall be permitted.
Fire-resistance-rated glazing tested as part of a fire-resistance-rated wall or floor/ceiling assembly in accordance with ASTM E119 or UL 263 and labeled in accordance with Section 703.6 shall not otherwise be required to comply with this section where used as part of a wall or floor/ceiling assembly.
Fire-resistance-rated glazing shall be permitted in fire door and fire window assemblies where tested and installed in accordance with their listings and where in compliance with the requirements of this section.
Fire door assemblies required by other sections of this code shall comply with the provisions of this section. Fire door frames with transom lights, sidelights or both shall be permitted in accordance with Section 716.2.5.4.
Approved fire door and fire shutter assemblies shall be constructed of any material or assembly of component materials that conforms to the test requirements of Sections 716.2.1.1 through 716.2.1.4 and the fire protection rating indicated in Table 716.1(2).
Exceptions:
- Labeled protective assemblies that conform to the requirements of this section or UL 10A, UL 14B and UL 14C for tin-clad fire door assemblies.
- Floor fire door assemblies in accordance with Section 712.1.13.1.
Fire door assemblies with side-hinged and pivoted swinging doors shall be tested in accordance with NFPA 252 or UL 10C. For tests conducted in accordance with NFPA 252, the fire test shall be conducted using the positive pressure method specified in the standard.
Fire door assemblies with other types of doors, including swinging elevator doors, horizontal sliding fire doors, rolling steel fire doors, fire shutters, bottom- and side-hinged chute intake doors, and top-hinged chute discharge doors, shall be tested in accordance with NFPA 252 or UL 10B. For tests conducted in accordance with NFPA 252, the neutral pressure plane in the furnace shall be maintained as nearly equal to the atmospheric pressure as possible at the top of the door, as specified in the standard.
Glazing material in any other part of the door assembly, including transom lights and sidelights, shall be tested in accordance with NFPA 257 or UL 9, including the hose stream test, in accordance with Section 716.3.1.1.
Fire door assemblies that serve as smoke and draft control assemblies shall be tested in accordance with UL 1784.
Fire door assemblies shall be installed in the assemblies specified in Table 716.1(2) and shall comply with the fire protection rating specified.
Fire door assemblies required to have a minimum fire protection rating of 20 minutes where located in corridor walls or smoke barrier walls having a fire-resistance rating in accordance with Table 716.1(2) shall be tested in accordance with NFPA 252 or UL 10C without the hose stream test.
Exceptions:
- Viewports that require a hole not larger than 1 inch (25 mm) in diameter through the door, have not less than a 0.25-inch-thick (6.4 mm) glass disc and the holder is of metal that will not melt out where subject to temperatures of 1,700°F (927°C).
- Corridor door assemblies in occupancies of Group I-2 shall be in accordance with Section 407.3.1.
- Unprotected openings shall be permitted for corridors in multitheater complexes where each motion picture auditorium has not fewer than one-half of its required exit or exit access doorways opening directly to the exterior or into an exit passageway.
- Horizontal sliding doors in smoke barriers that comply with Sections 408.6 and 408.8.4 in occupancies in Group I-3.
The air leakage rate of the door assembly shall not exceed 3.0 cubic feet per minute per square foot (0.01524 m3/s × m2) of door opening at 0.10 inch (24.9 Pa) of water for both the ambient temperature and elevated temperature tests. Louvers shall be prohibited.
Fire door assemblies required to have a minimum fire protection rating of 20 minutes where located in other fire partitions having a fire-resistance rating of 0.5 hour in accordance with Table 716.1(2) shall be tested in accordance with NFPA 252, UL 10B or UL 10C with the hose stream test.
Fire door assemblies in interior exit stairways and ramps and exit passageways shall have a maximum transmitted temperature rise of not more than 450°F (250°C) above ambient at the end of 30 minutes of standard fire test exposure.
Exception: The maximum transmitted temperature rise is not required in buildings equipped throughout with an automatic sprinkler system installed in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1 or 903.3.1.2.
Fire-protection-rated glazing in excess of 100 square inches (0.065 m2) is not permitted. Fire-resistance-rated glazing in excess of 100 square inches (0.065 m2) shall be permitted in fire doors. Listed fire-resistance-rated glazing in a fire door shall have a maximum transmitted temperature rise in accordance with Section 716.2.2.3 when the fire door is tested in accordance with NFPA 252, UL 10B or UL 10C.
Fire doors installed within a fire door assembly shall meet the fire rating indicated in Table 716.1(2).