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Section 1006 Number of Exits and Exit Access Doorways
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The number of exits or exit access doorways required within the means of egress system shall comply with the provisions of Section 1006.2 for spaces, including mezzanines, and Section 1006.3 for stories or occupied roofs.
Two exits or exit access doorways from any space shall be provided where the design occupant load or the common path of egress travel distance exceeds the values listed in Table 1006.2.1. The cumulative occupant load from adjacent rooms, areas or spaces shall be determined in accordance with Section 1004.2.
Exceptions:
- The number of exits from foyers, lobbies, vestibules or similar spaces need not be based on cumulative occupant loads for areas discharging through such spaces, but the capacity of the exits from such spaces shall be based on applicable cumulative occupant loads.
- Care suites in Group I-2 occupancies complying with Section 407.4.
- Unoccupied mechanical rooms and penthouses are not required to comply with the common path of egress travel distance measurement.
SPACES WITH ONE EXIT OR EXIT ACCESS DOORWAY
| OCCUPANCY | MAXIMUM OCCUPANT LOAD OF SPACE | MAXIMUM COMMON PATH OF EGRESS TRAVEL DISTANCE (feet) | ||
| Without Sprinkler System (feet) | With Sprinkler System (feet) | |||
| Occupant Load | ||||
| OL ≤ 30 | OL > 30 | |||
| Ac, E, M | 49 | 75 | 75 | 75a |
| B | 49 | 100 | 75 | 100a |
| F | 49 | 75 | 75 | 100a |
| H-1, H-2, H-3 | 3 | NP | NP | 25b |
| H-4, H-5 | 10 | NP | NP | 75b |
| I-1, I-2d, I-4 | 10 | NP | NP | 75a |
| I-3 | 10 | NP | NP | 100a |
| R-1 | 10 | NP | NP | 75a |
| R-2 | 20 | NP | NP | 125a |
| R-3e | 20 | NP | NP | 125a, g |
| R-4e | 20 | NP | NP | 125a, g |
| Sf | 29 | 100 | 75 | 100a |
| U | 49 | 100 | 75 | 75a |
For SI: 1 foot = 304.8 mm.
NP = Not Permitted.
- Buildings equipped throughout with an automatic sprinkler system in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1 or 903.3.1.2. See Section 903 for occupancies where automatic sprinkler systems are permitted in accordance with Section 903.3.1.2.
- Group H occupancies equipped throughout with an automatic sprinkler system in accordance with Section 903.2.5.
- For a room or space used for assembly purposes having fixed seating, see Section 1030.8.
- For the travel distance limitations in Group I-2, see Section 407.4.
- The common path of egress travel distance shall only apply in a Group R-3 occupancy located in a mixed occupancy building.
- The length of common path of egress travel distance in a Group S-2 open parking garage shall be not more than 100 feet.
- For the travel distance limitations in Groups R-3 and R-4 equipped throughout with an automatic sprinkler system in accordance with Section 903.3.1.3, see Section 1006.2.2.6.
Three exits or exit access doorways shall be provided from any space with an occupant load of 501 to 1,000. Four exits or exit access doorways shall be provided from any space with an occupant load greater than 1,000.
The numbers, configuration and types of components of exits or access to exits shall be provided in the uses described in Sections 1006.2.2.1 through 1006.2.2.6.
Two exit access doorways are required in boiler, incinerator and furnace rooms where the area is over 500 square feet (46 m2) and any fuel-fired equipment exceeds 400,000 British thermal units (Btu) (422 000 KJ) input capacity. Where two exit access doorways are required, one is permitted to be a fixed ladder or an alternating tread device. Exit access doorways shall be separated by a horizontal distance equal to one-half the length of the maximum overall diagonal dimension of the room.
Machinery rooms larger than 1,000 square feet (93 m2) shall have not less than two exits or exit access doorways. Where two exit access doorways are required, one such doorway is permitted to be served by a fixed ladder or an alternating tread device. Exit access doorways shall be separated by a horizontal distance equal to one-half the maximum horizontal dimension of the room.
All portions of machinery rooms shall be within 150 feet (45 720 mm) of an exit or exit access doorway. An increase in exit access travel distance is permitted in accordance with Section 1017.1.
Exit and exit access doorways shall swing in the direction of egress travel and shall be equipped with panic hardware, regardless of the occupant load served. Exit and exit access doorways shall be tight fitting and self-closing.
Rooms or spaces having a floor area larger than 1,000 square feet (93 m2), containing a refrigerant evaporator and maintained at a temperature below 68°F (20°C), shall have access to not less than two exits or exit access doorways.
Exit access travel distance shall be determined as specified in Section 1017.1, but all portions of a refrigerated room or space shall be within 150 feet (45 720 mm) of an exit or exit access doorway where such rooms are not protected by an approved automatic sprinkler system. Egress is allowed through adjoining refrigerated rooms or spaces.
Exception: Where using refrigerants in quantities limited to the amounts based on the volume set forth in the International Mechanical Code.
The location and number of exit or exit access doorways shall be provided for electrical rooms in accordance with Section 110.26 of NFPA 70 for electrical equipment rated 1,000 volts or less, and Section 110.33 of NFPA 70 for electrical equipment rated over 1,000 volts. Panic hardware shall be provided where required in accordance with Section 1010.2.9.2.
Vehicular ramps shall not be considered as an exit access ramp unless pedestrian facilities are provided.
Where Group R-3 occupancies are permitted by Section 903.2.8 to be protected by an automatic sprinkler system installed in accordance with Section 903.3.1.3, the exit access travel distance for Group R-3 shall be not more than 125 feet (38 100 mm). Where Group R-4 occupancies are permitted by Section 903.2.8 to be protected by an automatic sprinkler system installed in accordance with Section 903.3.1.3, the exit access travel distance for Group R-4 shall be not more than 75 feet (22 860 mm).
The means of egress system serving any story or occupied roof shall be provided with the number of separate and distinct exits or access to exits based on the aggregate occupant load served in accordance with this section.
Exception: The path of egress travel to an exit shall be permitted to pass through more than one adjacent story in any of the following:
- In Group R-1, R-2 or R-3 occupancies, exit access stairways and ramps connecting four stories or less serving and contained within an individual dwelling unit, sleeping unit or live/work unit.
- Exit access stairways serving and contained within a Group R-3 congregate residence or a Group R-4 facility.
- Exit access stairways and ramps within an atrium complying with Section 404.
- Exit access stairways and ramps in open parking garages that serve only the parking garage.
- Exit access stairways and ramps serving open-air assembly seating complying with the exit access travel distance requirements of Section 1030.7.
- Exit access stairways and ramps between the balcony, gallery or press box and the main assembly floor in occupancies such as theaters, places of religious worship, auditoriums and sports facilities.
- Exterior exit access stairways and ramps between occupied roofs.
Each story and occupied roof shall have the minimum number of separate and distinct exits, or access to exits, as specified in Table 1006.3.3. A single exit or access to a single exit shall be permitted in accordance with Section 1006.3.4. The required number of exits, or exit access stairways or ramps providing access to exits, from any story or occupied roof shall be maintained until arrival at the exit discharge or a public way.
A single exit or access to a single exit shall be permitted from any story or occupied roof where one of the following conditions exists:
- The occupant load, number of dwelling units and exit access travel distance do not exceed the values in Table 1006.3.4(1) or 1006.3.4(2).
- Rooms, areas and spaces complying with Section 1006.2.1 with exits that discharge directly to the exterior at the level of exit discharge, are permitted to have one exit or access to a single exit.
- Parking garages where vehicles are mechanically parked shall be permitted to have one exit or access to a single exit.
- Group R-3 and R-4 occupancies shall be permitted to have one exit or access to a single exit.
- Individual single-story or multistory dwelling units shall be permitted to have a single exit or access to a single exit from the dwelling unit provided that both of the following criteria are met:5.2. Either the exit from the dwelling unit discharges directly to the exterior at the level of exit discharge, or the exit access outside the dwelling unit's entrance door provides access to not less than two approved independent exits.
| STORY | OCCUPANCY | MAXIMUM NUMBER OF DWELLING UNITS | MAXIMUM EXIT ACCESS TRAVEL DISTANCE |
| Basement, first, second or third story above grade plane | R-2a, b | 4 dwelling units | 125 feet |
| Fourth story above grade plane and higher | NP | NA | NA |
For SI: 1 foot = 304.8 mm.
NP = Not Permitted.
NA = Not Applicable.
- Buildings classified as Group R-2 equipped throughout with an automatic sprinkler system in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1 or 903.3.1.2 and provided with emergency escape and rescue openings in accordance with Section 1031.
- This table is used for R-2 occupancies consisting of dwelling units. For R-2 occupancies consisting of sleeping units, use Table 1006.3.4(2).
| STORY | OCCUPANCY | MAXIMUM OCCUPANT LOAD PER STORY | MAXIMUM EXIT ACCESS TRAVEL DISTANCE (feet) |
| First story above or below grade plane | A, Bb, E, Fb, M, U | 49 | 75 |
| H-2, H-3 | 3 | 25 | |
| H-4, H-5, I, R-1, R-2a, c | 10 | 75 | |
| Sb, d | 29 | 75 | |
| Second story above grade plane | B, F, M, Sd | 29 | 75 |
| Third story above grade plane and higher | NP | NA | NA |
For SI: 1 foot = 304.8 mm.
NP = Not Permitted.
NA = Not Applicable.
- Buildings classified as Group R-2 equipped throughout with an automatic sprinkler system in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1 or 903.3.1.2 and provided with emergency escape and rescue openings in accordance with Section 1031.
- Group B, F and S occupancies in buildings equipped throughout with an automatic sprinkler system in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1 shall have a maximum exit access travel distance of 100 feet.
- This table is used for R-2 occupancies consisting of sleeping units. For R-2 occupancies consisting of dwelling units, use Table 1006.3.4(1).
- The length of exit access travel distance in a Group S-2 open parking garage shall be not more than 100 feet.
Where one exit, or exit access stairway or ramp providing access to exits at other stories, is permitted to serve individual stories, mixed occupancies shall be permitted to be served by single exits provided that each individual occupancy complies with the applicable requirements of Table 1006.3.4(1) or 1006.3.4(2) for that occupancy. Where applicable, cumulative occupant loads from adjacent occupancies shall be considered to be in accordance with the provisions of Section 1004.1. In each story of a mixed occupancy building, the maximum number of occupants served by a single exit shall be such that the sum of the ratios of the calculated number of occupants of the space divided by the allowable number of occupants indicated in Table 1006.3.4(2) for each occupancy does not exceed one. Where dwelling units are located on a story with other occupancies, the actual number of dwelling units divided by four plus the ratio from the other occupancy does not exceed one.
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