• Codes
  • Features

    Features Overview

    Go to features
    Reference

    Reference.

    A reliable and up-to-date source of codes.
    Research

    Research.

    Rapidly and efficiently calculate project parameters.
    Collaboration

    Collaboration.

    Get everyone on the same page and streamline code research.
    Workflows
    Architects General Contractor Building Official & Plans Examiner Inspectors Owner Subcontractors Code Consultants
  • Pricing
  • Login
  • Sign Up
Sign Up
Login
  • Code Library
  • Features
  • Pricing
  • About
  • Careers
  • Help
  • Contact
  • Terms
  • Privacy
Sign Up
Upgrade to Premium
Code calculators: Code Calculators automatically generates a detailed list of requirements.
REFERENCE
Amendment Styling
Industry-leading search
Suggested code sections
Code diagrams
RESEARCH
Code calculators
Filter by topic
Code compare
Code sheet exports
COLLABORATION
Team projects
Bookmarks
Comments
START 2 WEEK FREE TRIAL
Have an account? Sign in
// CODE SNIPPET

Appendix C Medical Surveillance Guidelines for DBCP

OSHA 1910 General Industry > Z Toxic and Hazardous Substances > 1910.1044 1,2-Dibromo-3-Chloropropane > C Medical Surveillance Guidelines for DBCP
JUMP TO FULL CODE CHAPTER
  1. ROUTE OF ENTRY

    Inhalation; skin absorption
  2. TOXICOLOGY

    Recent data collected on workers involved in the manufacture and formulation of DBCP has shown that DBCP can cause sterility at very low levels of exposure. This finding is supported by studies showing that DBCP causes sterility in animals. Chronic exposure to DBCP resulted in pronounced necrotic action on the parenchymatous organs (i.e., liver, kidney, spleen) and on the testicles of rats at concentrations as low as 5 ppm. Rats that were chronically exposed to DBCP also showed changes in the composition of the blood, showing low ABC, hemoglobin, and WBC, and high reticulocyte levels as well as functional hepatic disturbance, manifesting itself in a long prothrombin time. Reznik et al. noted a single dose of 100 mg produced profound depression of the nervous system of rats. Their condition gradually improved. Acute exposure also resulted in the destruction of the sex gland activity of male rats as well as causing changes in the estrous cycle in female rats. Animal studies have also associated DBCP with an increased incidence of carcinoma. Olson, et al. orally administered DBCP to rats and mice 5 times per week at experimentally predetermined maximally tolerated doses and at half those doses. As early as ten weeks after initiation of treatment, DBCP induce a high incidence of squamous cell carcinomas of the stomach with metastases in both species. DBCP also induced mammary adenocarcinomas in the female rats at both dose levels.
  3. SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS

    1. Inhalation: Nausea, eye irritation, conjunctivitis, respiratory irritation, pulmonary congestion or edema, CNS depression with apathy, sluggishness, and ataxia.
    2. Dermal: Erythema or inflammation and dermatitis on repeated exposure.
  4. SPECIAL TESTS

    1. Semen analysis: The following information excerpted from the document "Evaluation of Testicular Function", submitted by the Corporate Medical Department of the Shell Oil Company (exhibit 39-3), may be useful to physicians conducting the medical surveillance program;

      In performing semen analyses certain minimal but specific criteria should be met:

      1. It is recommended that a minimum of three valid semen analyses be obtained in order to make a determination of an individual's average sperm count.
      2. A period of sexual abstinence is necessary prior to the collection of each masturbatory sample. It is recommended that intercourse or masturbation be performed 48 hours before the actual specimen collection. A period of 48 hours of abstinence would follow; then the masturbatory sample would be collected.
      3. Each semen specimen should be collected in a clean, widemouthed, glass jar (not necessarily pre-sterilized) in a manner designated by the examining physician. Any part of the seminal fluid exam should be initialed only after liquefaction is complete, i.e., 30 to 45 minutes after collection.
      4. Semen volume should be measured to the nearest 1/10 of a cubic centimeter.
      5. Sperm density should be determined using routine techniques involving the use of a white cell pipette and a hemocytometer chamber. The immobilizing fluid most effective and most easily obtained for this process is distilled water.
      6. Thin, dry smears of the semen should be made for a morphologic classification of the sperm forms and should be stained with either hematoxalin or the more difficult, yet more precise, Papanicolaou technique. Also of importance to record is obvious sperm agglutination, pyospermia, delayed liquefaction (greater than 30 minutes), and hyperviscosity. In addition, pH, using nitrazine paper, should be determined.
      7. A total morphology evaluation should include percentages of the following:

        1. Normal (oval) forms,
        2. Tapered forms,
        3. Amorphous forms (include large and small sperm shapes),
        4. Duplicated (either heads or tails) forms, and
        5. Immature forms.
      8. Each sample should be evaluated for sperm viability (percent viable sperm moving at the time of examination) as well as sperm motility (subjective characterization of "purposeful forward sperm progression" of the majority of those viable sperm analyzed) within two hours after collection, ideally by the same or equally qualified examiner.
    2. Serum determinations: The following serum determinations should be performed by radioimmuno-assay techniques using National Institutes of Health (NIH) specific antigen or antigen preparations of equivalent sensitivity:

      1. Serum follicle stimulating hormone (FSH);
      2. Serum luteinizing hormone (LH); and
      3. Serum total estrogen (females only).
    3. TREATMENT

      Remove from exposure immediately, give oxygen or artificial resuscitation if indicated. Contaminated clothing and shoes should be removed immediately. Flush eyes and wash contaminated skin. If swallowed and the person is conscious, induce vomiting. Recovery from mild exposures is usually rapid and complete.
    4. SURVEILLANCE AND PREVENTIVE CONSIDERATIONS

      1. Other considerations. DBCP can cause both acute and chronic effects. It is important that the physician become familiar with the operating conditions in which exposure to DBCP occurs. Those with respiratory disorders may not tolerate the wearing of negative pressure respirators.
      2. Surveillance and screening. Medical histories and laboratory examinations are required for each employee subject to exposure to DBCP. The employer should screen employees for history of certain medical conditions (listed below) which might place the employee at increased risk from exposure.

        1. Liver disease. The primary site of biotransformation and detoxification of DBCP is the liver. Liver dysfunctions likely to inhibit the conjugation reactions will tend to promote the toxic actions of DBCP. These precautions should be considered before exposing persons with impaired liver function to DBCP.
        2. Renal disease. Because DBCP has been associated with injury to the kidney it is important that special consideration be given to those with possible impairment of renal function.
        3. Skin disease. DBCP can penetrate the skin and can cause erythema on prolonged exposure. Persons with pre-existing skin disorders may be more susceptible to the effects of DBCP.
        4. Blood dyscrasias. DBCP has been shown to decrease the content of erythrocytes, hemoglobin, and leukocytes in the blood, as well as increase the prothrombin time. Persons with existing blood disorders may be more susceptible to the effects of DBCP.
        5. Reproductive disorders. Animal studies have associated DBCP with various effects on the reproductive organs. Among these effects are atrophy of the testicles and changes in the estrous cycle. Persons with pre-existing reproductive disorders may be at increased risk to these effects of DBCP.
REFERENCES
  1. Reznik, Ya. B. and Sprinchan, G. K.: Experimental Data on the Gonadotoxic effect of Nemagon, Gig. Sanit., (6), 1975, pp. 101-102, (translated from Russian).
  2. Faydysh, E. V., Rakhmatullaev, N. N. and Varshavskii, V. A.: The Cytotoxic Action of Nemagon in a Subacute Experiment, Med. Zh. Uzbekistana, (No. 1), 1970, pp. 64-65, (translated from Russian).
  3. Rakhmatullaev, N. N.: Hygienic Characteristics of the Nematocide Nemagon in Relation to Water Pollution Control, Hedge. Sanit., 36(3), 1971, pp. 344-348, (translated from Russian).
  4. Olson, W. A. et al.: Induction of Stomach Cancer in Rats and Mice by Halogenated Aliphatic Fumigants, Journal of the National Cancer Institute, (51), 1973, pp. 1993-1995.
  5. Torkelson, T. R. et al.: Toxicologic Investigations of 1, 2-Dibromo-3-chloropropane, Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, 3, 1961 pp. 545-559.

[43 FR 11527, Mar. 17, 1978, as amended at 45 FR 35283, May 23, 1980; 49 FR 18295, Apr. 30, 1984; 54 FR 24334, June 7, 1989; 61 FR 5507, Feb. 13, 1996]

Related Code Sections


Appendix C Toxic and Hazardous Substances, Medical Surveillance Guidelines for DBCP
Surveillance and screening. Medical histories and laboratory examinations are required for each employee subject to exposure to DBCP. The employer ...
OSHA 1910 General Industry > Z Toxic and Hazardous Substances > 1910.1044 1,2-Dibromo-3-Chloropropane > C Medical Surveillance Guidelines for DBCP
Appendix C Toxic and Hazardous Substances, Medical Surveillance Guidelines
GENERAL Medical examinations are to be provided for all employees exposed to levels of inorganic arsenic above the action level (5 µg/m 3 ...
OSHA 1910 General Industry > Z Toxic and Hazardous Substances > 1910.1018 Inorganic Arsenic > C Medical Surveillance Guidelines
Appendix C Toxic and Hazardous Substances, Medical Surveillance Guidelines
throughout the medical surveillance appendices is meant to be synonymous with the definition of lead set forth in the standard. Under this final ...
OSHA 1910 General Industry > Z Toxic and Hazardous Substances > 1910.1025 Lead > C Medical Surveillance Guidelines
Appendix B Toxic and Hazardous Substances, Medical Surveillance Guidelines
Appendix B to § 1910.1053-Medical Surveillance Guidelines Introduction The purpose of this Appendix is to provide medical information ...
OSHA 1910 General Industry > Z Toxic and Hazardous Substances > 1910.1053 Respirable Crystalline Silica > B Medical Surveillance Guidelines
1910.1029(m)(2) Toxic and Hazardous Substances, Medical Surveillance
The employer shall establish and maintain an accurate record for each employee subject to medical surveillance as required by paragraph (j ...
OSHA 1910 General Industry > Z Toxic and Hazardous Substances > 1910.1029 Coke Oven Emissions > 1910.1029(m) Recordkeeping > 1910.1029(m)(2) Medical Surveillance
Help Contact Us Privacy Terms
Code Calculators
Code Calculators
Code calculators automatically generate a detailed list of requirements.
Code sheet exports
Code sheet exports
Generate a code sheet that integrates with your drawing set.
Code Compare
Code Compare
Highlight differences between any two building codes.
Code diagrams
Code diagrams
Unpack the code through illustrations and descriptions.
Shared projects
Shared projects
Projects provide a dedicated space to collaborate on code research.
View thousands of relevant UL Certified products and assemblies that help achieve code compliance
View thousands of relevant UL Certified products and assemblies that help achieve code compliance
Access to UL product and system certification information.
Search
Search
Don't miss relevant code. Quickly locate sections across your jurisdiction.
UpCodes Premium
Leverage the most sophisticated code compliance platform.
TRY FREE FOR TWO WEEKS VISIT PRICING
Join the waitlist
We are looking to gauge the level of interest in linking UL product and system certification information alongside related code sections.

Let us know your email and we’ll ping you once it’s ready! Learn more.

Thank you for your interest!

If you’re open to it, we would love to jump on the phone to make sure we’re building this in the best way possible for your workflow. Any insight or advice would be greatly appreciated. We’ve sent you an email with a calendar link to book at time with us.


Cancel
Get Early Access
UpCodes Premium
Leverage the full code compliance platform.
START 2 WEEK FREE TRIAL LEARN MORE