The installation of a water service or water distribution pipe shall be prohibited in soil and ground water contaminated with solvents, fuels, organic compounds or other detrimental materials causing permeation, corrosion, degradation or structural failure of the piping material. Where detrimental conditions are suspected, a chemical analysis of the soil and ground water conditions shall be required to ascertain the acceptability of the water service or water distribution piping material for the specific installation. Where detrimental conditions exist, approved alternative materials or routing shall be required.
Pipe and pipe fittings, including valves and faucets, utilized in the water supply system shall have not more than 8-percent lead content.
Pipe, pipe fittings, joints, valves, faucets and fixture fittings utilized to supply water for drinking or cooking purposes shall comply with NSF 372 and shall have a weighted average lead content of 0.25 percent or less.
Water service pipe shall conform to NSF 61 and shall conform to one of the standards listed in Table 605.3. Water service pipe or tubing, installed underground and outside of the structure, shall have a working pressure rating of not less than 160 psi (1100 kPa) at 73.4°F (23°C). Where the water pressure exceeds 160 psi (1100 kPa), piping material shall have a working pressure rating not less than the highest available pressure. Water service piping materials not third-party certified for water distribution shall terminate at or before the full open valve located at the entrance to the structure. Ductile iron water service piping shall be cement mortar lined in accordance with AWWA C104.
TABLE 605.3 WATER SERVICE PIPE
TABLE 605.3 WATER SERVICE PIPE
| MATERIAL | STANDARD |
| Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) plastic pipe | ASTM D 1527; ASTM D 2282 |
| Brass pipe | ASTM B 43 |
| Chlorinated polyvinyl chloride (CPVC) plastic pipe | ASTM D 2846; ASTM F 441; ASTM F 442; CSA B137.6 |
| Chlorinated polyvinyl chloride/aluminum/chlorinated polyvinyl chloride (CPVC/AL/CPVC) | ASTM F 2855 |
| Copper or copper-alloy pipe | ASTM B 42; ASTM B 302 |
| Copper or copper-alloy tubing (Type K, WK, L, WL, M or WM) | ASTM B 75; ASTM B 88; ASTM B 251; ASTM B 447 |
| Cross-linked polyethylene (PEX) plastic pipe and tubing | ASTM F 876; ASTM F 877; AWWA C904; CSA B137.5 |
| Cross-linked polyethylene/aluminum/cross-linked polyethylene (PEX-AL- PEX) pipe | ASTM F 1281; ASTM F 2262; CSA B137.10 |
| Cross-linked polyethylene/aluminum/high-density polyethylene (PEX-AL-HDPE) | ASTM F 1986 |
| Ductile iron water pipe | AWWA C151/A21.51; AWWA C115/A21.15 |
| Galvanized steel pipe | ASTM A 53 |
| Polyethylene (PE) plastic pipe | ASTM D 2239; ASTM D 3035; AWWA C901; CSA B137.11 |
| Polyethylene (PE) plastic tubing | ASTM D 2737; AWWA C901; CSA B137.1 |
| Polyethylene/aluminum/polethylene (PE-AL-PE) pipe | ASTM F 1282; CSA B137.9 |
| Polyethylene of raised temperature (PE-RT) plastic tubing | ASTM F 2769 |
| Polypropylene (PP) plastic pipe or tubing | ASTM F 2389; CSA B137.11 |
| Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) plastic pipe | ASTM D 1785; ASTM D 2241; ASTM D 2672; CSA B137.3 |
| Stainless steel pipe (Type 304/304L) | ASTM A 312; ASTM A 778 |
| Stainless steel pipe (Type 316/316L) | ASTM A 312; ASTM A 778 |
Dual check-valve backflow preventers installed on the water supply system shall comply with ASSE 1024 or CSA B64.6.
Water distribution pipe shall conform to NSF 61 and shall conform to one of the standards listed in Table 605.4. Hot water distribution pipe and tubing shall have a pressure rating of not less than 100 psi (690 kPa) at 180°F (82°C).
TABLE 605.4 WATER DISTRIBUTION PIPE
TABLE 605.4 WATER DISTRIBUTION PIPE
| MATERIAL | STANDARD |
| Brass pipe | ASTM B 43 |
| Chlorinated polyvinyl chloride (CPVC) plastic pipe and tubing | ASTM D 2846; ASTM F 441; ASTM F 442; CSA B137.6 |
| Chlorinated polyvinyl chloride/aluminum/chlorinated polyvinyl chloride (CPVC/AL/CPVC) | ASTM F 2855 |
| Copper or copper-alloy pipe | ASTM B 42; ASTM B 302 |
| Copper or copper-alloy tubing (Type K, WK, L, WL, M or WM) | ASTM B 75; ASTM B 88; ASTM B 251; ASTM B 447 |
| Cross-linked polyethylene (PEX) plastic tubing | ASTM F 876; ASTM F 877; CSA B137.5 |
| Cross-linked polyethylene/aluminum/cross-linked polyethylene (PEX-AL-PEX) pipe | ASTM F 1281; ASTM F 2262; CSA B137.10 |
| Cross-linked polyethylene/aluminum/high-density polyethylene (PEX-AL-HDPE) | ASTM F 1986 |
| Ductile iron pipe | AWWA C151/A21.51; AWWA C115/A21.15 |
| Galvanized steel pipe | ASTM A 53 |
| Polyethylene/aluminum/polyethylene (PE-AL-PE) composite pipe | ASTM F 1282 |
| Polyethylene of raised temperature (PE-RT) plastic tubing | ASTM F 2769 |
| Polypropylene (PP) plastic pipe or tubing | ASTM F 2389; CSA B137.11 |
| Stainless steel pipe (Type 304/304L) | ASTM A 312; ASTM A 778 |
| Stainless steel pipe (Type 316/316L) | ASTM A 312; ASTM A 778 |
Pipe fittings shall be approved for installation with the piping material installed and shall comply with the applicable standards listed in Table 605.5. Pipe fittings utilized in water supply systems shall also comply with NSF 61. Ductile and gray iron pipe and pipe fittings utilized in water service piping systems shall be cement mortar lined in accordance with AWWA C104.
TABLE 605.5 PIPE FITTINGS
TABLE 605.5 PIPE FITTINGS
| MATERIAL | STANDARD |
| Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) plastic | ASTM D 2468 |
| Cast iron | ASME B16.4 |
| Chlorinated polyvinyl chloride (CPVC) plastic | ASSE 1061; ASTM D 2846; ASTM F 437; ASTM F 438; ASTM F 439; CSA B137.6 |
| Copper or copper alloy | ASME B16.15; ASME B16.18; ASME B16.22; ASME B 16.26; ASME B16.51; ASSE 1061; ASTM F 1476; ASTM F 1548 |
| Cross-linked polyethylene/aluminum/high-density polyethylene (PEX-AL-HDPE) | ASTM F 1986 |
| Fittings for cross-linked polyethylene (PEX) plastic tubing | ASSE 1061, ASTM F 877; ASTM F 1807; ASTM F 1960; ASTM F 2080; ASTM F 2098, ASTM F 2159; ASTM F 2434; ASTM F 2735; CSA B137.5 |
| Fittings for polyethylene of raised temperature (PE-RT) plastic tubing | ASTM F 1807; ASTM F 2098; ASTM F 2159; ASTM F 2735; ASTM F 2769 |
| Gray iron and ductile iron | ASTM F 1476; ASTM F 1548; AWWA C110/A21.10; AWWA C153/A21.53; |
| Insert fittings for polyethylene/aluminum/polyethylene (PE-AL-PE) and cross-linked polyethylene/aluminum/cross-linked polyethylene (PEX-AL-PEX) | ASTM F 1974; ASTM F 1281; ASTM F 1282; CSA B137.9; CSA B137.10M |
| Malleable iron | ASME B16.3 |
| Metal (brass) insert fittings for polyethylene/aluminum/polyethylene (PE-AL-PE) and cross-linked polyethylene/aluminum/cross-linked polyethylene (PEX-AL-PEX) | ASTM F 1974 |
| Polyethylene (PE) plastic pipe | ASTM D 2609; ASTM D 2683; ASTM D 3261; ASTM F 1055; CSA B137.1 |
| Polypropylene (PP) plastic pipe or tubing | ASTM F 2389; CSA B137.11 |
| Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) plastic | ASTM D 2464; ASTM D 2466; ASTM D 2467; CSA B137.2; CSA B137.3 |
| Stainless steel (Type 304/304L) | ASTM A 312; ASTM A 778; ASTM F 1476; ASTM F 1548 |
| Stainless steel (Type 316/316L) | ASTM A 312; ASTM A 778; ASTM F 1476; ASTM F 1548 |
| Steel | ASME B16.9; ASME B16.11; ASME B16.28; ASTM F 1476; ASTM F 1548 |
Mechanically extracted outlets shall have a height not less than three times the thickness of the branch tube wall.
Branch tubes shall not restrict the flow in the run tube. A dimple serving as a depth stop shall be formed in the branch tube to ensure that penetration into the collar is of the correct depth. For inspection purposes, a second dimple shall be placed 1/4 inch (6.4 mm) above the first dimple. Dimples shall be aligned with the tube run.
Mechanically formed tee fittings shall be brazed in accordance with Section 605.14.1.
Valves shall be compatible with the type of piping material installed in the system. Valves shall conform to one of the standards listed in Table 605.7 or shall be approved. Valves intended to supply drinking water shall meet the requirements of NSF 61.
TABLE 605.7 VALVES
TABLE 605.7 VALVES
| MATERIAL | STANDARD |
| Chlorinated polyvinyl chloride (CPVC) plastic | ASME A112.4.14; ASME A112.18.1/CSA B125.1; ASTM F 1970; CSA B125.3 |
| Copper or copper alloy | ASME A112.4.14; ASME A112.18.1/CSA B125.1; ASME B16.34; CSA B125.3; MSS SP-67; MSS SP-80; MSS SP-110 |
| Cross-linked polyethylene (PEX) plastic | ASME A112.4.14; ASME A112.18.1/CSA B125.1; CSA B125.3; NSF 359 |
| Gray iron and ductile iron | AWWA C500; AWWA C504; AWWA C507; MSS SP-67; MSS SP-70; MSS SP-71; MSS SP-72; MSS SP-78 |
| Polypropylene (PP) plastic | ASME A112.4.14; ASTM F 2389 |
| Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) plastic | ASME A112.4.14; ASTM F 1970 |
Manufactured pipe nipples shall conform to one of the standards listed in Table 605.8.
TABLE 605.8 MANUFACTURED PIPE NIPPLES
TABLE 605.8 MANUFACTURED PIPE NIPPLES
| MATERIAL | STANDARD |
| Brass-, copper-, chromium-plated | ASTM B 687 |
| Steel | ASTM A 733 |
Mechanical joints on water pipes shall be made with an elastomeric seal conforming to ASTM D 3139. Mechanical joints shall only be installed in underground systems, unless otherwise approved. Joints shall be installed only in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions.
Joint surfaces shall be clean and free from moisture. Solvent cement that conforms to ASTM D 2235 shall be applied to all joint surfaces. The joint shall be made while the cement is wet. Joints shall be made in accordance with ASTM D 2235. Solvent-cement joints shall be permitted above or below ground.
Threads shall conform to ASME B1.20.1. Schedule 80 or heavier pipe shall be permitted to be threaded with dies specifically designed for plastic pipe. Approved thread lubricant or tape shall be applied on the male threads only.
Mechanical joints shall be installed in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions.
Threads shall conform to ASME B1.20.1. Pipe-joint compound or tape shall be applied on the male threads only.
Joints for gray and ductile iron pipe and fittings shall comply with AWWA C111/A21.11 and shall be installed in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions.
Mechanical joints shall be installed in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions.
Solder joints shall be made in accordance with ASTM B 828. Cut tube ends shall be reamed to the full inside diameter of the tube end. Joint surfaces shall be cleaned. A flux conforming to ASTM B 813 shall be applied. The joint shall be soldered with a solder conforming to ASTM B 32. The joining of water supply piping shall be made with lead-free solder and fluxes. "Lead free" shall mean a chemical composition equal to or less than 0.2-percent lead.
Threads shall conform to ASME B1.20.1. Pipe-joint compound or tape shall be applied on the male threads only.
Flared joints for water pipe shall be made by a tool designed for that operation.
Grooved and shouldered mechanical joints shall comply with ASTM F 1476, shall be made with an approved elastomeric seal and shall be installed in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions. Such joints shall be exposed or concealed.
Mechanical joints shall be installed in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions.
Press-connect joints shall conform to one of the standards listed in Table 605.5, and shall be installed in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions. Cut tube ends shall be reamed to the full inside diameter of the tube end. Joint surfaces shall be cleaned. The tube shall be fully inserted into the pressconnect fitting. Press-connect joints shall be pressed with a tool certified by the manufacturer.
Solder joints shall be made in accordance with the methods of ASTM B 828. All cut tube ends shall be reamed to the full inside diameter of the tube end. All joint surfaces shall be cleaned. A flux conforming to ASTM B 813 shall be applied. The joint shall be soldered with a solder conforming to ASTM B 32. The joining of water supply piping shall be made with lead-free solders and fluxes. "Lead free" shall mean a chemical composition equal to or less than 0.2-percent lead.
Mechanical joints shall be installed in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions.
Joint surfaces shall be clean and free from moisture. Joints shall be made in accordance with the pipe manufacturer's installation instructions. Where such instructions require that a primer be used, the primer shall be applied to the joint surfaces and a solvent cement orange in color and conforming to ASTM F 493 shall be applied to the joint surfaces. Where such instructions allow for a one-step solvent cement, yellow in color and conforming to ASTM F 493, to be used, the joint surfaces shall not require application of a primer before the solvent cement is applied. The joint shall be made while the cement is wet and in accordance with ASTM D 2846 or ASTM F 493. Solvent cemented joints shall be permitted above or below ground.
Threads shall conform to ASME B1.20.1. Schedule 80 or heavier pipe shall be permitted to be threaded with dies specifically designed for plastic pipe, but the pressure rating of the pipe shall be reduced by 50 percent. Thread by socket molded fittings shall be permitted. Approved thread lubricant or tape shall be applied on the male threads only.
Mechanical joints shall be installed in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions.
Joint surfaces shall be clean and free from moisture, and an approved primer shall be applied. Solvent cement, orange in color and conforming to ASTM F 493, shall be applied to joint surfaces. The joint shall be made while the cement is wet, and in accordance with ASTM D 2846 or ASTM F 493.Solvent cement joints shall be permitted above or below ground.
Exception: A primer is not required where all of the following conditions apply:
1. The solvent cement used is third-party certified as conforming to ASTM F 493.
2. The solvent cement used is yellow in color.
3. The solvent cement is used only for joining 1/2 inch (12.7 mm) through 2-inch-diameter (51 mm) CPVC/AL/CPVC pipe and CPVC fittings.
4. The CPVC fittings are manufactured in accordance with ASTM D 2846.
Exception: A primer is not required where all of the following conditions apply:
1. The solvent cement used is third-party certified as conforming to ASTM F 493.
2. The solvent cement used is yellow in color.
3. The solvent cement is used only for joining 1/2 inch (12.7 mm) through 2-inch-diameter (51 mm) CPVC/AL/CPVC pipe and CPVC fittings.
4. The CPVC fittings are manufactured in accordance with ASTM D 2846.
Flared pipe ends shall be made by a tool designed for that operation.
Mechanical joints shall be installed in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions. Fittings for cross-linked polyethylene (PEX) plastic tubing shall comply with the applicable standards listed in Table 605.5 and shall be installed in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions. PEX tubing shall be factory marked with the appropriate standards for the fittings that the PEX manufacturer specifies for use with the tubing.
Threads shall conform to ASME B1.20.1. Pipe-joint compound or tape shall be applied on the male threads only.
Joints shall be made with an approved elastomeric seal. Mechanical joints shall be installed in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions.
Grooved and shouldered mechanical joints shall comply with ASTM F 1476, shall be made with an approved elastomeric seal and shall be installed in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions. Such joints shall be exposed or concealed.
Mechanical joints shall be installed in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions.
Polyethylene pipe shall be cut square, with a cutter designed for plastic pipe. Except where joined by heat fusion, pipe ends shall be chamfered to remove sharp edges. Kinked pipe shall not be installed.
The minimum pipe bending radius shall be not less than 30 pipe diameters, or the minimum coil radius, whichever is greater. Piping shall not be bent beyond straightening of the curvature of the coil. Bends shall be prohibited within 10 pipe diameters of any fitting or valve. Stiffener inserts installed with compression-type couplings and fittings shall not extend beyond the clamp or nut of the coupling or fitting.
The minimum pipe bending radius shall be not less than 30 pipe diameters, or the minimum coil radius, whichever is greater. Piping shall not be bent beyond straightening of the curvature of the coil. Bends shall be prohibited within 10 pipe diameters of any fitting or valve. Stiffener inserts installed with compression-type couplings and fittings shall not extend beyond the clamp or nut of the coupling or fitting.
Heat-fusion joints for polypropylene pipe and tubing joints shall be installed with socket-type heat-fused polypropylene fittings, butt-fusion polypropylene fittings or electrofusion polypropylene fittings. Joint surfaces shall be clean and free from moisture. The joint shall be undisturbed until cool. Joints shall be made in accordance with ASTM F 2389.
Mechanical and compression sleeve joints shall be installed in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions.
Joints between PE-AL-PE or PEX-AL-PEX pipe and fittings shall comply with Section 605.21.1.
Mechanical joints shall be installed in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions. Fittings for PE-AL-PE and PEX-AL-PEX as described in ASTM F 1974, ASTM F 1281, ASTM F 1282, CSA B137.9 and CSA B137.10 shall be installed in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions.
Mechanical joints on water pipe shall be made with an elastomeric seal conforming to ASTM D 3139. Mechanical joints shall not be installed in above-ground systems unless otherwise approved. Joints shall be installed in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions.
Grooved and shouldered mechanical joints shall comply with ASTM F 1476, shall be made with an approved elastomeric seal and shall be installed in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions. Such joints shall be exposed or concealed.
Joint surfaces shall be clean and free from moisture. A purple primer that conforms to ASTM F 656 shall be applied. Solvent cement not purple in color and conforming to ASTM D 2564 or CSA B137.3 shall be applied to all joint surfaces. The joint shall be made while the cement is wet and shall be in accordance with ASTM D 2855. Solvent-cement joints shall be permitted above or below ground.
Threads shall conform to ASME B1.20.1. Schedule 80 or heavier pipe shall be permitted to be threaded with dies specifically designed for plastic pipe, but the pressure rating of the pipe shall be reduced by 50 percent. Thread by socket molded fittings shall be permitted. Approved thread lubricant or tape shall be applied on the male threads only.
Mechanical joints shall be installed in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions.
Grooved and shouldered mechanical joints shall comply with ASTM F 1476, shall be made with an approved elastomeric seal and shall be installed in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions. Such joints shall be exposed or concealed.
Joints between different piping materials shall be made with a mechanical joint of the compression or mechanical-sealing type, or as permitted in Sections 605.24.1, 605.24.2 and 605.24.3. Connectors or adapters shall have an elastomeric seal conforming to ASTM F 477. Joints shall be installed in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions.
Joints between copper or copper-alloy tubing and galvanized steel pipe shall be made with a brass fitting or dielectric fitting or a dielectric union conforming to ASSE 1079. The copper tubing shall be soldered to the fitting in an approved manner, and the fitting shall be screwed to the threaded pipe.
Joints between different types of plastic pipe or between plastic pipe and other piping material shall be made with approved adapters or transition fittings.
Joints between stainless steel and different piping materials shall be made with a mechanical joint of the compression or mechanical sealing type or a dielectric fitting or a dielectric union conforming to ASSE 1079.
Joints between polyethylene of raised temperature plastic tubing and fittings shall be in accordance with Section 605.25.1.
Mechanical joints shall be installed in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions. Fittings for polyethylene of raised temperature plastic tubing shall comply with the applicable standards listed in Table 605.5 and shall be installed in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions. Polyethylene of raised temperature plastic tubing shall be factory marked with the applicable standards for the fittings that the manufacturer of the tubing specifies for use with the tubing.