// CODE SNIPPET
415.10.1.1.2 Hazardous Production Materials
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The maximum quantities of hazardous production materials (HPM) stored in a single fabrication area shall not exceed the maximum allowable quantities per control area established by Tables 307.1(1) and 307.1(2).
The intent of the residential safe
room is to temporarily provide an enhanced protection area, fully
enclosed within a dwelling or within an accessory structure to a
residence, which is designed and constructed to withstand the wind
pressures, windborne debris impacts, and other requirements of this
section.
- Manufactured safe room designs subject to approval. A manufactured safe room or safe room kit may be substituted if documentation is submitted and approved by the building official. The safe room shall be engineered, tested, and manufactured to meet or exceed the criteria of this section.
- FEMA in-residence shelter designs permitted. It shall be permissible to build FEMA In-Residence Shelters of up to 64 square feet of floor area with walls up to 8 feet long that are built in accordance with construction details of FEMA 320.
Residential safe rooms shall not be
constructed within areas subject to stream flooding, coastal flooding
or dam failure inundation within any of the following areas:
- FEMA Special Flood Hazard Areas (SFHA) subject to rainfall runoff flooding or stream or flash flooding;
- Coastal zones "V" or "A" identified in the Flood Insurance Rate Map (FIRM) issued by FEMA for floodplain management purposes, in which the flood hazard are tides, storm surge, waves, tsunamis, or a combination of these hazards;
- Areas subject to dam failure inundation as determined by the Department of Land and Natural Resources.
The safe room shall be designed to
provide a minimum of 15 square feet per person in a room which does
not need to exceed 120 square feet (11 m2) of floor area.
The safe room shall be equipped
with an inward-swinging interior door and an impact-protected operable
window or exterior door suitable for a means of alternative exiting in
an emergency.
- The residential safe room shall be built with a complete structural system and a complete load path for vertical and lateral loads caused by gravity and wind.
- The building that the residential safe room is in shall be assumed to be destroyed by the storm and shall not be taken as offering any protective shielding to the safe room enclosure.
- The ceiling structure and wall shall be capable of supporting a superimposed debris load of the full weight of any building floors and roof above, but not less than 125 psf.
- The residential safe room enclosure shall be capable of simultaneously resisting lateral and uplift wind pressures corresponding to a 145 mph 3-second peak gust ultimate design wind speed, determined in accordance with ASCE — 7, Minimum Design Loads for Buildings and Other Structures. The site exposure factor shall be based on exposure C or the exposure shown in Figure 1609.4 , whichever is the greater. The values for the gust factor and the directionality factor shall be taken as 0.85. Topographic wind amplification caused by mountainous terrain shall be considered in accordance with the building code. Internal pressure shall be determined in accordance with ASCE — 7.
- The residential safe room shall be anchored to a foundation system capable of resisting the above loading conditions.
The entire enclosure of the safe room, including all walls,
ceilings, and openings, fixed or operable windows, and all entry doors
into the safe room, shall meet or exceed Level D requirements of ASTM
E 1996 (Table 422.5-1), or be an approved assembly listed in Section
425.5.4. Any wall or ceiling penetration greater than 4 square inches
shall be considered an opening.
Exception: Electrical outlet boxes and interior lighting
switches not penetrating more than 2.5-inches into the interior wall surface and a plumbing piping or conduit not greater than
1.5-inch in diameter shall be exempted from this requirement.
Impact protective systems shall meet the ASTM E 1996 cyclic
pressure requirement for the loading given in Table 425.5-1.
Table 425.5-1
Windborne Debris Protection and Cyclic Pressure Criteria for Residential Safe Rooms
Windborne Debris Protection and Cyclic Pressure Criteria for Residential Safe Rooms
| ASTM E 1996 Missile Level Rating |
Debris Missile Size | Debris Impact Speed |
Enclosure Wall Ceiling, and Floor Cyclic Air Pressure Testing - maximum inward and maximum outward pressures |
| D | 2 x 4 weighing 9.0 lb. +/- 0.25 lb., and with min. length 8 ft. +/- 4-inch |
50 ft./sec. or at least 34 mph |
35 psf inward 45 psf outward |
The
following methods of wall assembly construction shall be deemed to
comply with Section 425.5.2:
- 3/4 -inch plywood on wood studs spaced at 16 inches on-center with #8 X 3 inch wood screws at 6 inches on-center.
- 3/4 -inch plywood attached to double studs spaced at 16 inches oncenter with #8 X 3 inch wood screws at 6 inches on-center.
- 8-1/4 inch cementitious lap siding over 22 gage sheet metal attached to 350S-162-33 studs spaced at 24 inches on-center.
- 8-1/4 inch cementitious lap siding attached to 350S-162-33 studs spaced at 24 inches on-center studs with interior 3/4 -inch interior plywood sheathing.
- 8-1/4 inch cementitious lap siding attached to 350S-162-33 studs spaced at 24 inches on-center with 1/2 -inch interior 22 gage sheet metal composite gypsum wallboard.
- 8-1/4 inch cementitious lap siding attached to 2 inch X 4 inch wood studs spaced at 16 inches on-center with 1/2 -inch interior 22 gage sheet metal composite gypsum wallboard.
- 8-1/4 inch cementitious lap siding attached to 2 inch X 4 inch wood studs spaced at 16 inches on-center with 22 gage sheet metal and 1/2 -inch interior gypsum wallboard.
- Cementitious lap siding attached to 5/8-inch structural plywood on 2 inch X 4 inch wood studs spaced at 16 inches on-center.
- Cementitious-panel siding attached to 5/8-inch structural plywood on 2 inch X 4 inch or 362S-137-43 steel studs spaced at 16 inches on-center.
- EFS with 1/2 -inch dens-glass gold exterior sheathing on 362S-137- 43 steel studs spaced at 16 inches on-center and 1/2 -inch interior gypsum wallboard.
- 24 gage steel sheet (50 ksi) on girts.
- Concrete with a thickness of 4 inches with reinforcing.
- Concrete masonry units with a thickness of 6 inches with partial grouting and reinforcing spaced at 24 inches on-center.
- Concrete masonry units with a thickness of 8 inches with partial grouting and reinforcing spaced at 24 inches on-center.
- Interior or exterior wall with laterally braced 2 inch x 4 inch wood studs with sheathing on either side of 22 gage sheet metal.
The residential safe room shall be naturally
ventilated to allow the enclosure to have approximately one air change
every two hours. This requirement may be satisfied by 12 square
inches of venting per occupant. There shall be at least two operable
vents. The vents shall be protected by a cowling or other device that
shall be impact tested to comply with ASTM E 1996-14 Level D.
Alternatively, the room shall be evaluated to determine if the
openings are of sufficient area to constitute an open or partially
enclosed condition as defined in ASCE 7.
The residential safe room shall be
equipped with a phone line and telephone that does not rely on a
separate electrical power outlet. Alternatively, a wireless telephone
shall be permitted to rely on an Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS)
battery device
Construction documents for the
residential safe room shall be directly prepared by a Hawaii licensed
professional structural engineer.
The construction or installation of
the residential safe room shall be verified for conformance to the
drawings in accordance with the appropriate requirements of Chapter
17.
The owner of the safe room shall notify the
state department of defense and county civil defense agency of the
property's tax map key or global positioning system coordinates.
The purpose of this section is to establish
minimum life safety design criteria for enhanced hurricane protection
areas in high occupancy state- and county-owned buildings occupied
during hurricanes of up to Saffir Simpson Category 3.
This section shall apply to state- and county-owned
buildings which are of Risk Category III and IV defined by Table
1604.5 and of the following specific occupancies:
- Enclosed and partially enclosed structures whose primary occupancy is public assembly with an occupant load greater than 300.
- Health care facilities with an occupant load of 50 or more resident patients, but not having surgery or emergency treatment facilities.
- Any other state- and county-owned enclosed or partially enclosed building with an occupant load greater than 5,000.
- Hospitals and other health care facilities having surgery or emergency treatment facilities.
Exception: Facilities located within flood zone V and flood
zone A that are designated by the owner to be evacuated during
hurricane warnings declared by the National Weather Service,
shall not be subject to these requirements.
Comply with ASCE 24-14, Flood Resistant
Design and Construction, based on provisions for Risk Category III.
- Floor slab on grade shall be 1.5 foot above the base flood elevation of the county's flood hazard map, or a higher elevation as determined by a modeling methodology that predicts the maximum envelope and depth of inundation including the combined effects of storm surge and wave actions with respect to a Category 3 hurricane, nor less than the flood elevation associated with a 500-year mean recurrence interval.
- Locate outside of V and Coastal A flood zones unless justified by site-specific analysis or designed for vertical evacuation in accordance with a method approved by the building official. When a building within a V or Coastal A flood zone is approved, the bottom of the lowest structural framing member of any elevated first floor space shall be 2 feet above the base flood elevation of the county's flood hazard map, or at higher elevation as determined by a modeling methodology that predicts the maximum envelope and depth of inundation including the combined effects of storm surge and wave actions with respect to a Category 3 hurricane, nor less than the flood elevation associated with a 500-year mean recurrence interval.
Provide at least one route for
emergency vehicle access. The portion of the emergency route within
the site shall be above the 100-year flood elevation.
Landscaping around the building shall be designed to provide standoff
separation sufficient to maintain emergency vehicle access in the
event of mature tree blowdown. Trees shall not interfere with the
functioning of overhead or underground utility lines, nor cause
laydown or falling impact hazard to the building envelope or utility
lines.
The building shall not be located
within 1,000 feet of any hazardous material facilities defined by
Table 1604.5. Unanchored light-framed portable structures shall be
not permitted within 300 feet of the building, unless the windborne
debris hazard of the portable structure uplift is mitigated.
At least 50 per cent of the net
square feet of a facility shall be constructed to qualify as an
enhanced hurricane protection area. The net floor area shall be
determined by subtracting from the gross square feet the floor area of
excluded spaces, exterior walls, columns, fixed or movable objects,
equipment or other features that under probable conditions cannot be
removed or stored during use as a storm shelter.
Spaces such as mechanical rooms,
electrical rooms, storage rooms, attic and crawl spaces, shall not be
considered as net floor area permitted to be occupied during a
hurricane.
The occupancy capacity shall be
determined by dividing the net area of the enhanced hurricane
protection area by 15 square feet net floor area per person.
Toilet and hand
washing facilities shall be located and accessible from within the
perimeter of the enhanced hurricane protection area.
Where the refuge occupancy accommodates
more than 50 persons, provide an ADA-accessible route to a shelter
area at each facility with a minimum of 1 wheelchair space for every
200 enhanced hurricane protection area occupants determined in
accordance with Section 426.4.3.
The building main wind force
resisting system and structural components shall be designed per ASCE
7 for a 145 mph minimum peak 3-second gust ultimate design wind speed.
Topographic and directionality factors shall be the site-specific
values determined per Appendix W. Design for interior pressure shall
be based on the largest opening in any exterior facade or roof
surface.
Exterior glazing and glazed openings, louvers, roof
openings and doors shall be provided with windborne debris impact
resistance or protection systems conforming to ASTM E1996-14 Level D,
i.e., 9 lb. 2 X 4 @ 50 fps (34 mph).
Resistance to the calculated
maximum inward and outward pressure shall be designed to conform to
ASTM E1996-14.
All unprotected window assemblies and their
anchoring systems shall be designed and installed to meet the wind
load and missile impact criteria of this section.
Windows may be provided with
permanent or deployable protective systems, provided the protective
system is designed and installed to meet the wind load and missile
impact criteria and completely covers the window assembly and
anchoring system.
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