Section R606 General Masonry Construction
Clay or shale masonry units shall conform to the following standards: ASTM C34 for structural clay load-bearing wall tile; ASTM C56 for structural clay nonload-bearing wall tile; ASTM C62 for building brick (solid masonry units made from clay or shale); ASTM C126 for ceramic-glazed structural clay facing tile, facing brick and solid masonry units; ASTM C212 for structural clay facing tile; ASTM C216 for facing brick (solid masonry units made from clay or shale); ASTM C652 for hollow brick (hollow masonry units made from clay or shale); ASTM C1088 for solid units of thin veneer brick; or ASTM C1405 for glazed brick (single-fired solid brick units).
Exception: Structural clay tile for nonstructural use in fireproofing of structural members and in wall furring shall not be required to meet the compressive strength specifications. The fire-resistance rating shall be determined in accordance with ASTM E119 or UL 263 and shall comply with the requirements of Section R302.
| PROPORTIONS BY VOLUME (cementitious materials) | ||||||||||
| MORTAR | TYPE | Portland cement or blended cement | Mortar cement | Masonry cement | Hydrated limec or lime putty | Aggregate ratio (measured in damp, loose conditions) | ||||
| M | S | N | M | S | N | |||||
| Cement-lime | M | 1 | — | — | — | — | — | — | 1/4 | Not less than 21/4 and not more than 3 times the sum of separate volumes of lime, if used, and cement |
| S | 1 | — | — | — | — | — | — | over 1/4 to 1/2 | ||
| N | 1 | — | — | — | — | — | — | over 1/2 to 11/4 | ||
| O | 1 | — | — | — | — | — | — | over 11/4 to 21/2 | ||
| Mortar cement | M | 1 | — | — | 1 | — | — | — | — | |
| M | — | 1 | — | — | — | — | — | |||
| S | 1/2 | — | — | 1 | — | — | — | |||
| S | — | — | 1 | — | — | — | — | |||
| N | — | — | — | 1 | — | — | — | |||
| O | — | — | — | 1 | — | — | — | |||
| Masonry cement | M | 1 | — | — | — | — | — | 1 | — | |
| M | — | — | — | — | 1 | — | — | |||
| S | 1/2 | — | — | — | — | — | 1 | |||
| S | — | — | — | — | — | 1 | — | |||
| N | — | — | — | — | — | — | 1 | |||
| O | — | — | — | — | — | — | 1 | |||
For SI: 1 cubic foot = 0.0283 m3, 1 pound = 0.454 kg.
For the purpose of these specifications, the weight of 1 cubic foot of the respective materials shall be considered to be as follows:
Portland cement 94 pounds Masonry cement Weight printed on bag Mortar cement Weight printed on bag Hydrated lime 40 pounds Lime putty (Quicklime) 80 pounds Sand, damp and loose 80 pounds of dry sand - Two air-entraining materials shall not be combined in mortar.
- Hydrated lime conforming to the requirements of ASTM C207.
Grout shall consist of cementitious material and aggregate in accordance with ASTM C476 or the proportion specifications of Table R606.2.12. Type M or Type S mortar to which sufficient water has been added to produce pouring consistency shall be permitted to be used as grout.
GROUT PROPORTIONS BY VOLUME FOR MASONRY CONSTRUCTION
| TYPE | PORTLAND CEMENT OR BLENDED CEMENT SLAG CEMENT | HYDRATED LIME OR LIME PUTTY | AGGREGATE MEASURED IN A DAMP, LOOSE CONDITION | |
| Fine | Coarse | |||
| Fine | 1 | 0 to 1/10 | 21/4 to 3 times the sum of the volume of the cementitious materials | — |
| Coarse | 1 | 0 to 1/10 | 21/4 to 3 times the sum of the volume of the cementitious materials | 1 to 2 times the sum of the volumes of the cementitious materials |
Unless otherwise required or indicated on the project drawings, head and bed joints shall be 3/8 inch (9.5 mm) thick, except that the thickness of the bed joint of the starting course placed over foundations shall be not less than 1/4 inch (6.4 mm) and not more than 3/4 inch (19.1 mm). Mortar joint thickness for load-bearing masonry shall be within the following tolerances from the specified dimensions:
- Bed joint: + 1/8 inch (3.2 mm).
- Head joint: - 1/4 inch (6.4 mm), + 3/8 inch (9.5 mm).
- Collar joints: - 1/4 inch (6.4 mm), + 3/8 inch (9.5 mm).
The installation of wall ties shall be as follows:
- The ends of wall ties shall be embedded in mortar joints. Wall ties shall have not less than 5/8-inch (15.9 mm) mortar coverage from the exposed face.
- Wall ties shall not be bent after being embedded in grout or mortar.
- For solid masonry units, solid grouted hollow units, or hollow units in anchored masonry veneer, wall ties shall be embedded in mortar bed not less than 11/2 inches (38 mm).
- For hollow masonry units in other than anchored masonry veneer, wall ties shall engage outer face shells by not less than 1/2 inch (13 mm).
| MASONRY METAL ACCESSORY | STANDARD |
| Joint reinforcement, interior walls | ASTM A641, Class 1 |
| Wire ties or anchors in exterior walls completely embedded in mortar or grout | ASTM A641, Class 3 |
| Wire ties or anchors in exterior walls not completely embedded in mortar or grout | ASTM A153, Class B-2 |
| Joint reinforcement in exterior walls or interior walls exposed to moist environment | ASTM A153, Class B-2 |
| Sheet metal ties or anchors exposed to weather | ASTM A153, Class B-2 |
| Sheet metal ties or anchors completely embedded in mortar or grout | ASTM A653, Coating Designation G60 |
| Stainless steel hardware for any exposure | ASTM A167, Type 304 |
Grout shall be a plastic mix suitable for pumping without segregation of the constituents and shall be mixed thoroughly. Grout shall be placed by pumping or by an approved alternate method and shall be placed before any initial set occurs and not more than 11/2 hours after water has been added. Grout shall be consolidated by puddling or mechanical vibrating during placing and reconsolidated after excess moisture has been absorbed but before plasticity is lost. Grout shall not be pumped through aluminum pipes.
Maximum pour heights and the minimum dimensions of spaces provided for grout placement shall conform to Table R606.3.5.1. Grout shall be poured in lifts with a maximum height of 8 feet (2438 mm). Where a total grout pour exceeds 8 feet (2438 mm) in height, the grout shall be placed in lifts not exceeding 64 inches (1626 mm) and special inspection during grouting shall be required. If the work is stopped for 1 hour or longer, the horizontal construction joints shall be formed by stopping all tiers at the same elevation and with the grout 1 inch (25 mm) below the top.
GROUT SPACE DIMENSIONS AND POUR HEIGHTS
| GROUT TYPE | GROUT POUR MAXIMUM HEIGHT (feet) | MINIMUM WIDTH OF GROUT SPACESa, b (inches) | MINIMUM GROUTb, c SPACE DIMENSIONS FOR GROUTING CELLS OF HOLLOW UNITS (inches × inches) |
| Fine | 1 | 0.75 | 1.5 × 2 |
| 5 | 2 | 2 × 3 | |
| 12 | 2.5 | 2.5 × 3 | |
| 24 | 3 | 3 × 3 | |
| Coarse | 1 | 1.5 | 1.5 × 3 |
| 5 | 2 | 2.5 × 3 | |
| 12 | 2.5 | 3 × 3 | |
| 24 | 3 | 3 × 4 |
For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 foot = 304.8 mm.
- For grouting between masonry wythes.
- Grout space dimension is the clear dimension between any masonry protrusion and shall be increased by the horizontal projection of the diameters of the horizontal bars within the cross section of the grout space.
- Area of vertical reinforcement shall not exceed 6 percent of the area of the grout space.
Requirements for grouted masonry construction shall be as follows:
- Masonry shall be built to preserve the unobstructed vertical continuity of the cells or spaces to be filled. In partially grouted construction, cross webs forming cells to be filled shall be full-bedded in mortar to prevent leakage of grout. Head and end joints shall be solidly filled with mortar for a distance in from the face of the wall or unit not less than the thickness of the longitudinal face shells.
- Vertical reinforcement shall be held in position at top and bottom and at intervals not exceeding 200 diameters of the reinforcement.
- Cells containing reinforcement shall be filled solidly with grout.
- The thickness of grout or mortar between masonry units and reinforcement shall be not less than 1/4 inch (6.4 mm), except that 1/4-inch (6.4 mm) bars shall be permitted to be laid in horizontal mortar joints not less than 1/2 inch (12.7 mm) thick, and steel wire reinforcement shall be permitted to be laid in horizontal mortar joints not less than twice the thickness of the wire diameter.