5704.3.6.3 Fire Protection and Storage Arrangements
- Storage on shelves shall not exceed 6 feet (1829 mm) in height, and shelving shall be metal.
- Storage on pallets or in piles greater than 4 feet 6 inches (1372 mm) in height, or where the ceiling exceeds 18 feet (5486 mm) in height, shall be protected in accordance with Table 5704.3.6.3(4), and the storage heights and arrangements shall be limited to those specified in Table 5704.3.6.3(2).
- Storage on racks greater than 4 feet 6 inches (1372 mm) in height, or where the ceiling exceeds 18 feet (5486 mm) in height shall be protected in accordance with Tables 5704.3.6.3(5), 5704.3.6.3(6), and 5704.3.6.3(7) as appropriate, and the storage heights and arrangements shall be limited to those specified in Table 5704.3.6.3(3).
TYPE OF LIQUID | NON-SPRINKLERED AREA (feet) | SPRINKLERED AREAa (feet) | SPRINKLERED WITH IN-RACK PROTECTIONa, b (feet) |
Flammable liquids: | |||
Class IA | 4 | 4 | 4 |
Class IB | 4 | 8 | 12 |
Class IC | 4 | 8 | 12 |
Combustible liquids: | |||
Class II | 6 | 8 | 12 |
Class IIIA | 8 | 12 | 16 |
Class IIIB | 8 | 12 | 20 |
For SI: 1 foot = 304.8 mm.
- In buildings protected by an automatic sprinkler system, the storage height for containers and portable tanks shall not exceed the maximum storage height permitted for the fire protection scheme set forth in NFPA 30 or the maximum storage height demonstrated in a full-scale fire test, whichever is greater. NFPA 30 criteria and fire test results for metallic containers and portable tanks shall not be applied to nonmetallic containers and portable tanks.
- In-rack protection shall be in accordance with Table 5704.3.6.3(5), 5704.3.6.3(6) or 5704.3.6.3(7).
CLASS | STORAGE LEVEL | MAXIMUM STORAGE HEIGHT | MAXIMUM QUANTITY PER PILE (gallons) | MAXIMUM QUANTITY PER ROOMa (gallons) | ||||
Drums | Containersb (feet) | Portable tanksb (feet) | Containers | Portable tanks | Containers | Portable tanks | ||
IA | Ground floor | 1 | 5 | Not Allowed | 3,000 | Not Allowed | 12,000 | Not Allowed |
Upper floors | 1 | 5 | Not Allowed | 2,000 | Not Allowed | 8,000 | Not Allowed | |
Basements | 0 | Not Allowed | Not Allowed | Not Allowed | Not Allowed | Not Allowed | Not Allowed | |
IB | Ground floor | 1 | 6.5 | 7 | 5,000 | 20,000 | 15,000 | 40,000 |
Upper floors | 1 | 6.5 | 7 | 3,000 | 10,000 | 12,000 | 20,000 | |
Basements | 0 | Not Allowed | Not Allowed | Not Allowed | Not Allowed | Not Allowed | Not Allowed | |
IC | Ground floord | 1 | 6.5c | 7 | 5,000 | 20,000 | 15,000 | 40,000 |
Upper floors | 1 | 6.5c | 7 | 3,000 | 10,000 | 12,000 | 20,000 | |
Basements | 0 | Not Allowed | Not Allowed | Not Allowed | Not Allowed | Not Allowed | Not Allowed | |
II | Ground floord | 3 | 10 | 14 | 10,000 | 40,000 | 25,000 | 80,000 |
Upper floors | 3 | 10 | 14 | 10,000 | 40,000 | 25,000 | 80,000 | |
Basements | 1 | 5 | 7 | 7,500 | 20,000 | 7,500 | 20,000 | |
III | Ground floor | 5 | 20 | 14 | 15,000 | 60,000 | 50,000 | 100,000 |
Upper floors | 5 | 20 | 14 | 15,000 | 60,000 | 50,000 | 100,000 | |
Basements | 3 | 10 | 7 | 10,000 | 20,000 | 25,000 | 40,000 |
For SI: 1 foot = 304.8 mm, 1 gallon = 3.785 L.
- See Section 5704.3.8.1 for unlimited quantities in liquid storage warehouses.
- In buildings protected by an automatic sprinkler system, the storage height for containers and portable tanks shall not exceed the maximum storage height permitted for the fire protection scheme set forth in NFPA 30 or the maximum storage height demonstrated in a full-scale fire test, whichever is greater. NFPA 30 criteria and fire test results for metallic containers and portable tanks shall not be applied to nonmetallic containers and portable tanks.
- These height limitations are allowed to be increased to 10 feet for containers having a capacity of 5 gallons or less.
- For palletized storage of unsaturated polyester resins (UPR) in relieving-style metal containers with 50 percent or less by weight Class IC or II liquid and no Class IA or IB liquid, height and pile quantity limits shall be permitted to be 10 feet and 15,000 gallons, respectively, provided that such storage is protected by sprinklers in accordance with NFPA 30 and that the UPR storage area is not located in the same containment area or drainage path for other Class I or II liquids.
CLASS | TYPE RACK | STORAGE LEVEL | MAXIMUM STORAGE HEIGHTb (feet) | MAXIMUM QUANTITY PER ROOMa (gallons) |
Containers | Containers | |||
IA | Double row or Single row | Ground floor | 25 | 7,500 |
Upper floors | 15 | 4,500 | ||
Basements | Not Allowed | Not Allowed | ||
Double row or Single row | Ground floor | 25 | 15,000 | |
IB
IC
|
Upper floors | 15 | 9,000 | |
Basements | Not Allowed | Not Allowed | ||
II | Double row or Single row | Ground floor | 25 | 24,000 |
Upper floors | 25 | 24,000 | ||
Basements | 15 | 9,000 | ||
III | Multirow | Ground floor | 40 | 48,000 |
Double row | Upper floors | 20 | 48,000 | |
Single row | Basements | 20 | 24,000 |
For SI: 1 foot = 304.8 mm, 1 gallon = 3.785 L.
- See Section 5704.3.8.1 for unlimited quantities in liquid storage warehouses.
- In buildings protected by an automatic sprinkler system, the storage height for containers and portable tanks shall not exceed the maximum storage height permitted for the fire protection scheme set forth in NFPA 30 or the maximum storage height demonstrated in a full-scale fire test, whichever is greater. NFPA 30 criteria and fire test results for metallic containers and portable tanks shall not be applied to nonmetallic containers and portable tanks.
STORAGE CONDITIONS | CEILING SPRINKLER DESIGN AND DEMAND | MINIMUM HOSE STREAM DEMAND (gpm) | MINIMUM DURATION SPRINKLERS AND HOSE STREAMS (hours) | ||||
Class liquid | Container size and arrangement | Density (gpm/ft2) | Area (square feet) | Maximum spacing (square feet) | |||
High temperature sprinklers | Ordinary temperature sprinklers | ||||||
IA | 5 gallons or less, with or without cartons, palletized or solid pileb | 0.30 | 3,000 | 5,000 | 100 | 750 | 2 |
Containers greater than 5 gallons, on end or side, palletized or solid pile | 0.60 | 5,000 | 8,000 | 80 | 750 | ||
IB, IC and II | 5 gallons or less, with or without cartons, palletized or solid pileb | 0.30 | 3,000 | 5,000 | 100 | 500 | 2 |
Containers greater than 5 gallons on pallets or solid pile, one high | 0.25 | 5,000 | 8,000 | 100 | |||
II | Containers greater than 5 gallons on pallets or solid pile, more than one high, on end or side | 0.60 | 5,000 | 8,000 | 80 | 750 | 2 |
IB, IC and II | Portable tanks, one high | 0.30 | 3,000 | 5,000 | 100 | 500 | 2 |
II | Portable tanks, two high | 0.60 | 5,000 | 8,000 | 80 | 750 | 2 |
III | 5 gallons or less, with or without cartons, palletized or solid pile | 0.25 | 3,000 | 5,000 | 120 | 500 | 1 |
Containers greater than 5 gallons on pallets or solid pile, on end or sides, up to three high | 0.25 | 3,000 | 5,000 | 120 | 500 | 1 | |
Containers greater than 5 gallons, on pallets or solid pile, on end or sides, up to 18 feet high | 0.35 | 3,000 | 5,000 | 100 | 750 | 2 | |
Portable tanks, one high | 0.25 | 3,000 | 5,000 | 120 | 500 | 1 | |
Portable tanks, two high | 0.50 | 3,000 | 5,000 | 80 | 750 | 2 |
For SI: 1 foot = 304.8 mm, 1 gallon = 3.785 L, 1 square foot = 0.0929 m2, 1 gallon per minute = 3.785 L/m, 1 gallon per minute per square foot = 40.75 L/min/m2.
- The design area contemplates the use of Class II standpipe systems. Where Class I standpipe systems are used, the area of application shall be increased by 30 percent without revising density.
- For storage heights above 4 feet or ceiling heights greater than 18 feet, an approved engineering design shall be provided in accordance with Section 104.7.2.
CLASS LIQUID | CEILING SPRINKLER DESIGN AND DEMAND | IN-RACK SPRINKLER ARRANGEMENT AND DEMAND | MINIMUM HOSE STREAM DEMAND (gpm) | MINIMUM DURATION SPRINKLER AND HOSE STREAM (hours) | ||||||
Density (gpm/ft2) | Area (square feet) | Maximum spacing | Racks up to 9 feet deep | Racks more than 9 feet to 12 feet deep | 30 psi (standard orifice) | Number of sprinklers operating | ||||
High- temperature sprinklers | Ordinary temperature sprinklers | 14 psi (large orifice) | ||||||||
I (maximum 25-foot height) Option 1 | 0.40 | 3,000 | 5,000 | 80 ft2/head |
1. Ordinary temperature, quick-response sprinklers, maximum 8 feet 3 inches horizontal spacing
2. One line sprinklers above each level of storage
3. Locate in longitudinal flue space, staggered vertical
4. Shields required where multilevel
|
1. Ordinary temperature, quick-response sprinklers, maximum 8 feet 3 inches horizontal spacing
2. One line sprinklers above each level of storage
3. Locate in transverse flue spaces, staggered vertical and within 20 inches of aisle
4. Shields required where multilevel
|
30 psi (0.5- inch orifice) |
1. Eight sprinklers if only one level
2. Six sprinklers each on two levels if only two levels
3. Six sprinklers each on top three levels, if three or more levels
4. Hydraulically most remote
|
750 | 2 |
I (maximum 25-foot height) Option 2 | 0.55 | 2,000b | Not Applicable | 100 ft2/ head |
1. Ordinary temperature, quick-response sprinklers, maximum 8 feet 3 inches horizontal spacing
2. See 2 above
3. See 3 above
4. See 4 above
|
1. Ordinary temperature, quick-response sprinklers, maximum 8 feet 3 inches horizontal spacing
2. See 2 above
3. See 3 above
4. See 4 above
|
14 psi (0.53-inch orifice) | See 1 through 4 above | 500 | 2 |
I and II (maximum 14-foot storage height) (maximum three tiers) | 0.55c | 2,000d | Not Applicable | 100 ft2/ head | Not Applicable None for maximum 6-foot-deep racks | Not Applicable | Not Applicable | Not Applicable | 500 | 2 |
II (maximum 25-foot height) | 0.30 | 3,000 | 5,000 | 100 ft2/ head |
1. Ordinary temperature sprinklers 8 feet apart horizontally
2. One line sprinklers between levels at nearest 10-foot vertical intervals
3. Locate in longitudinal flue space, staggered vertical
4. Shields required where multilevel
|
1. Ordinary temperature sprinklers 8 feet apart horizontally
2. Two lines between levels at nearest 10-foot vertical intervals
3. Locate in transverse flue spaces, staggered vertical and within 20 inches of aisle
4. Shields required where multilevel
|
30 psi | Hydraulically most remote—six sprinklers at each level, up to a maximum of three levels | 750 | 2 |
III (40-foot height) | 0.25 | 3,000 | 5,000 | 120 ft2/ head | Same as for Class II liquids | Same as for Class II liquids | 30 psi | Same as for Class II liquids | 500 | 2 |
For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 foot = 304.8 mm, 1 square foot = 0.0929 m2, 1 pound per square inch = 6.895 kPa, 1 gallon = 3.785 L, 1 gallon per minute = 3.785 L/m, 1 gallon per minute per square foot = 40.75 L/min/m2.
- The design area contemplates the use of Class II standpipe systems. Where Class I standpipe systems are used, the area of application shall be increased by 30 percent without revising density.
- Using listed or approved extra-large orifices, high-temperature quick-response or standard element sprinklers under a maximum 30-foot ceiling with minimum 7.5-foot aisles.
- For friction lid cans and other metal containers equipped with plastic nozzles or caps, the density shall be increased to 0.65 gpm per square foot using listed or approved extra-large orifice, high-temperature quick-response sprinklers.
- Using listed or approved extra-large orifice, high-temperature quick-response or standard element sprinklers under a maximum 18-foot ceiling with minimum 7.5-foot aisles and metal containers.
CLASS LIQUID | CEILING SPRINKLER DESIGN AND DEMAND | IN-RACK SPRINKLER ARRANGEMENT AND DEMAND | MINIMUM HOSE STREAM DEMAND (gpm) | MINIMUM DURATION SPRINKLER AND HOSE STREAM (hours) | ||||||
Density (gpm/ ft2) | Area (square feet) | Maximum spacing | On-side storage racks up to 9-foot-deep racks | On-end storage (on pallets) up to 9-foot-deep racks | Minimum nozzle pressure | Number of sprinklers operating | ||||
High-temperature sprinklers | Ordinary temperature sprinklers | |||||||||
IA (maximum 25-foot height) | 0.60 | 3,000 | 5,000 | 80 ft2/head |
1. Ordinary temperature sprinklers 8 feet apart horizontally
2. One line sprinklers above each tier of storage
3. Locate in longitudinal flue space, staggered vertical
4. Shields required where multilevel
|
1. Ordinary temperature sprinklers 8 feet apart horizontally
2. One line sprinklers above each tier of storage
3. Locate in longitudinal flue space, staggered vertical
4. Shields required where multilevel
|
30 psi | Hydraulically most remote—six sprinklers at each level | 1,000 | 2 |
IB, IC and II (maximum 25-foot height) | 0.60 | 3,000 | 5,000 | 100 ft2/head | 1. See 1 above 2. One line sprinklers every three tiers of storage 3. See 3 above 4. See 4 above |
1. See 1 above
2. See 2 above
3. See 3 above
4. See 4 above
|
30 psi | Hydraulically most remote—six sprinklers at each level | 750 | 2 |
III (maximum 40-foot height) | 0.25 | 3,000 | 5,000 | 120 ft2/head |
1. See 1 above
2. One line sprinklers every sixth level (maximum)
3. See 3 above
4. See 4 above
|
1. See 1 above
2. One line sprinklers every third level (maximum)
3. See 3 above
4. See 4 above
|
15 psi | Hydraulically most remote—six sprinklers at each level | 500 | 1 |
For SI: 1 foot = 304.8 mm, 1 square foot = 0.0929 m2, 1 pound per square inch = 6.895 kPa, 1 gallon = 3.785 L, 1 gallon per minute = 3.785 L/m, 1 gallon per minute per square foot = 40.75 L/min/m2.
CLASS LIQUID | CEILING SPRINKLER DESIGN AND DEMAND | IN-RACK SPRINKLER ARRANGEMENT AND DEMANDc | DURATION AFFF SUPPLY (minimum) | DURATION WATER SUPPLY (hours) | |||||
Density (gpm/ft2) | Area (square feet) | On-end storage of drums on pallets, up to 25 feet | Minimum nozzle pressure (psi) | Number of sprinklers operating | Hose stream demandd (gpm) | ||||
High- temperature sprinklers | Ordinary temperature sprinklers | ||||||||
IA, IB, IC and II | 0.30 | 1,500 | 2,500 |
1. Ordinary temperature sprinkler up to 10 feet apart horizontally
2. One line sprinklers above each level of storage
3. Locate in longitudinal flue space, staggered vertically
4. Shields required for multilevel
|
30 | Three sprinklers per level | 500 | 15 | 2 |
For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 foot = 304.8 mm, 1 square foot = 0.0929 m2, 1 pound per square inch = 6.895 kPa, 1 gallon = 3.785 L, 1 gallon per minute = 3.785 L/m, 1 gallon per minute per square foot = 40.75 L/min/m2.
- System shall be a closed-head wet system with approved devices for proportioning aqueous film-forming foam.
- Except as modified herein, in-rack sprinklers shall be installed in accordance with NFPA 13.
- The height of storage shall not exceed 25 feet.
- Hose stream demand includes 11/2-inch inside hand hose, when required.
STORAGE HEIGHT | CEILING SPRINKLER DESIGN AND DEMAND | IN-RACK SPRINKLER ARRANGEMENT AND DEMAND | MINIMUM HOSE STREAM DEMAND (gpm) | MINIMUM DURATION SPRINKLERS AND HOSE STREAM (hours) | ||||||
Density (gpm/ft2) | Area (square feet) | Maximum spacing | Racks up to 9 feet deep | Racks 9 to 12 feet | Minimum nozzle pressure | Number of sprinklers operating | ||||
High temperature | Ordinary temperature | |||||||||
Maximum 20-foot storage height | 0.60 | 2,000b | Not Applicable | 100 ft2/head |
1. Ordinary temperature, quick-response sprinklers, maximum 8 feet 3 inches horizontal spacing
2. One line of sprinklers at the 6-foot level and the 11.5-foot level of storage
3. Locate in longitudinal flue space, staggered vertical
4. Shields required where multilevel
|
Not Applicable | 30 psi (standard orifice) or 14 psi (large orifice) |
1. Six sprinklers each on two levels
2. Hydraulically most remote 12 sprinklers
|
500 | 2 |
For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 foot = 304.8 mm, 1 square foot = 0.0929 m2, 1 pound per square inch = 6.895 kPa, 1 gallon = 3.785 L, 1 gallon per minute = 3.785 L/m, 1 gallon per minute per square foot = 40.75 L/min/m2.