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*1.2-4.2.2.1 Design Elements
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(1) The number, location, and type of airborne infection isolation (AII) and protective environment (PE) rooms shall be determined by the ICRA where these rooms are required in the facility type chapters in the Guidelines.
*(2) Special heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning (HVAC) needs required to accommodate the services (e.g., surgical suites, AII/PE rooms, laboratories, pharmacies, areas with local exhaust systems for hazardous agents, and other special areas) performed in spaces included in or affected by the project shall be addressed in the ICRA.
(3) Water/plumbing systems
(a) The minimum number, location, and type of plumbed hand-washing stations, hand sanitation dispensers, and emergency first-aid equipment (e.g., eyewash stations and deluge showers) are identified in the facility chapters in the Guidelines. The need for additional fixtures shall be addressed in the ICRA.
(b) The ICRA shall include an assessment of the risk from transmissible waterborne pathogens and establish strategies to mitigate the risk.
(4) Characteristics related to infection prevention for selection of materials for surfaces and furnishings shall be addressed in the ICRA.
A1.2-4.2.2.1 Design elements. See Table 1.2-2 (Infection Control Risk Assessment Design Considerations) for cross-references to more information.
A1.2-4.2.2.1 (2) Airborne contamination can result when HVAC systems are improperly designed, built, or maintained. In addition to providing comfort and minimizing exposure to chemical pollution, ventilation systems are an important means for preventing infection. An HVAC system expert, whether an independent engineer or an employee of the governing body, should determine which of the following HVAC design considerations should be covered in the ICRA:
- Characteristics of overall HVAC system design as well as design for specific sensitive areas, including components, capacity, filtration, air changes, pressure relationships, and directional flow
- Ease of access for HVAC system maintenance
- Ease of general maintenance activities and system cleaning
- Selection of air distribution devices that allow for minimal or easy cleaning
- Location of air intakes and exhaust outlets to prevent cross-contamination
- Redundancy in equipment and systems
- Plan for HVAC system outages and maintenance (both planned and unplanned)
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