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2304.10 Connectors and Fasteners
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Connections for wood members shall be designed in accordance with the appropriate methodology in Section 2302.1. The number and size of fasteners connecting wood members shall be not less than that set forth in Table 2304.10.1.
| DESCRIPTION OF BUILDING ELEMENTS | NUMBER AND TYPE OF FASTENER | SPACING AND LOCATION | |
| Roof | |||
| 1. Blocking between ceiling joists, rafters or trusses to top plate or other framing below | 3-8d common (21/2" × 0.131"); or 3-10d box (3" × 0.128"); or 3-3" × 0.131" nails; or 3-3"14 gage staples, 7/16" crown |
Each end, toenail | |
| Blocking between rafters or truss not at the wall top plate, to rafter or truss | 2-8d common (21/2" × 0.131") 2-3" × 0.131" nails 2-3" 14 gage staples |
Each end, toenail | |
| 2-16 d common (31/2" × 0.162") 3-3" × 0.131" nails 3-3" 14 gage staples |
End nail | ||
| Flat blocking to truss and web filler | 16d common (31/2" × 0.162") @ 6" o.c. 3" × 0.131" nails @ 6" o.c. 3" × 14 gage staples @ 6" o.c |
Face nail | |
| 2. Ceiling joists to top plate | 3-8d common (21/2" × 0.131"); or 3-10d box (3" × 0.128"); or 3-3" × 0.131" nails; or 3-3" 14 gage staples, 7/16" crown |
Each joist, toenail | |
| 3. Ceiling joist not attached to parallel rafter, laps over partitions (no thrust) (see Section 2308.7.3.1, Table 2308.7.3.1) |
3-16d common (31/2" × 0.162"); or 4-10d box (3" × 0.128"); or 4-3" × 0.131" nails; or 4-3" 14 gage staples, 7/16" crown |
Face nail | |
| 4. Ceiling joist attached to parallel rafter (heel joint) (see Section 2308.7.3.1, Table 2308.7.3.1) |
Per Table 2308.7.3.1 | Face nail | |
| 5. Collar tie to rafter | 3-10d common (3" × 0.148"); or 4-10d box (3" × 0.128"); or 4-3" × 0.131" nails; or 4-3" 14 gage staples, 7/16" crown |
Face nail | |
| 6. Rafter or roof truss to top plate (See Section 2308.7.5, Table 2308.7.5) |
3-10 common (3" × 0.148"); or 3-16d box (31/2" × 0.135"); or 4-10d box (3" × 0.128"); or 4-3" × 0.131 nails; or 4-3" 14 gage staples, 7/16" crown |
Toenailc | |
| 7. Roof rafters to ridge valley or hip rafters; or roof rafter to 2-inch ridge beam | 2-16d common (31/2" × 0.162"); or 3-10d box (3" × 0.128"); or 3-3" × 0.131" nails; or 3-3" 14 gage staples, 7/16" crown; or |
End nail | |
| 3-10d common (3" × 0.148"); or 4-16d box (31/2" × 0.135"); or 4-10d box (3" × 0.128"); or 4-3" × 0.131" nails; or 4-3" 14 gage staples, 7/16" crown |
Toenail | ||
| Wall | |||
| 8. Stud to stud (not at braced wall panels) | 16d common (31/2" × 0.162"); | 24" o.c. face nail | |
| 10d box (3" × 0.128"); or 3" × 0.131" nails; or 3-3" 14 gage staples, 7/16" crown |
16" o.c. face nail | ||
| 9. Stud to stud and abutting studs at intersecting wall corners (at braced wall panels) | 16d common (31/2" × 0.162"); or | 16" o.c. face nail | |
| 16d box (31/2" × 0.135"); or | 12" o.c. face nail | ||
| 3" × 0.131" nails; or 3-3" 14 gage staples, 7/16" crown |
12" o.c. face nail | ||
| 10. Built-up header (2" to 2" header) | 16d common (31/2" × 0.162"); or | 16" o.c. each edge, face nail | |
| 16d box (31/2" × 0.135") | 12" o.c. each edge, face nail | ||
| 11. Continuous header to stud | 4-8d common (21/2" × 0.131"); or 4-10d box (3" × 0.128") |
Toenail | |
| 12. Top plate to top plate | 16d common (31/2" × 0.162"); or | 16" o.c. face nail | |
| 10d box (3" × 0.128"); or 3" × 0.131" nails; or 3" 14 gage staples, 7/16" crown |
12" o.c. face nail | ||
| 13. Top plate to top plate, at end joints | 8-16d common (31/2" × 0.162"); or 12-10d box (3" × 0.128"); or 12-3" × 0.131" nails; or 12-3" 14 gage staples, 7/16" crown |
Each side of end joint, face nail (minimum 24" lap splice length each side of end joint) | |
| 14. Bottom plate to joist, rim joist, band joist or blocking (not at braced wall panels) | 16d common (31/2" × 0.162"); or | 16" o.c. face nail | |
| 16d box (31/2" × 0.135"); or 3" × 0.131" nails; or 3" 14 gage staples, 7/16" crown |
12" o.c. face nail | ||
| 15. Bottom plate to joist, rim joist, band joist or blocking at braced wall panels | 2-16d common (31/2" × 0.162"); or 3-16d box (31/2" × 0.135"); or 4-3" × 0.131" nails; or 4-3" 14 gage staples, 7/16" crown |
16" o.c. face nail | |
| 16. Stud to top or bottom plate | 4-8d common (21/2" × 0.131"); or 4-10d box (3" × 0.128"); or 4-3" × 0.131" nails; or 4-3" 14 gage staples, 7/16" crown; or |
Toenail | |
| 2-16d common (31/2" × 0.162"); or 3-10d box (3" × 0.128"); or 3-3" × 0.131" nails; or 3-3" 14 gage staples, 7/16" crown |
End nail | ||
| 17. Top plates, laps at corners and intersections | 2-16d common (31/2" × 0.162"); or 3-10d box (3" × 0.128"); or 3-3" × 0.131" nails; or 3-3" 14 gage staples, 7/16" crown |
Face nail | |
| 18. 1" brace to each stud and plate | 2-8d common (21/2" × 0.131"); or 2-10d box (3" × 0.128"); or 2-3" × 0.131" nails; or 2-3" 14 gage staples, 7/16" crown |
Face nail | |
| 19. 1" × 6" sheathing to each bearing | 2-8d common (21/2" × 0.131"); or 2-10d box (3" × 0.128") |
Face nail | |
| 20. 1" × 8" and wider sheathing to each bearing | 3-8d common (21/2" × 0.131"); or 3-10d box (3" × 0.128") |
Face nail | |
| Floor | |||
| 21. Joist to sill, top plate, or girder | 3-8d common (21/2" × 0.131"); or floor 3-10d box (3" × 0.128"); or 3-3" × 0.131" nails; or 3-3" 14 gage staples, 7/16" crown |
Toenail | |
| 22. Rim joist, band joist, or blocking to top plate, sill or other framing below | 8d common (21/2" × 0.131"); or 10d box (3" × 0.128"); or 3" × 0.131" nails; or 3" 14 gage staples, 7/16" crown |
6" o.c., toenail | |
| 23. 1" × 6" subfloor or less to each joist | 2-8d common (21/2" × 0.131"); or 2-10d box (3" × 0.128") |
Face nail | |
| 24. 2" subfloor to joist or girder | 2-16d common (31/2" × 0.162") | Face nail | |
| 25. 2" planks (plank & beam — floor & roof) | 2-16d common (31/2" × 0.162") | Each bearing, face nail | |
| 26. Built-up girders and beams, 2" lumber layers | 20d common (4" × 0.192") | 32" o.c., face nail at top and bottom staggered on opposite sides | |
| 10d box (3" × 0.128"); or 3" × 0.131" nails; or 3" 14 gage staples, 7/16" crown |
24" o.c. face nail at top and bottom staggered on opposite sides | ||
| And: 2-20d common (4" × 0.192"); or 3-10d box (3" × 0.128"); or 3-3" × 0.131" nails; or 3-3" 14 gage staples, 7/16" crown |
Ends and at each splice, face nail | ||
| 27. Ledger strip supporting joists or rafters | 3-16d common (31/2" × 0.162"); or 4-10d box (3" × 0.128"); or 4-3" × 0.131" nails; or 4-3" 14 gage staples, 7/16" crown |
Each joist or rafter, face nail | |
| 28. Joist to band joist or rim joist | 3-16d common (31/2" × 0.162"); or 4-10d box (3" × 0.128"); or 4-3" × 0.131" nails; or 4-3" 14 gage staples, 7/16" crown |
End nail | |
| 29. Bridging or blocking to joist, rafter or truss | 2-8d common (21/2" × 0.131"); or 2-10d box (3" × 0.128"); or 2-3" × 0.131" nails; or 2-3" 14 gage staples, 7/16" crown |
Each end, toenail | |
| Wood structural panels (WSP), subfloor, roof and interior wall sheathing to framing and particleboard wall sheathing to framinga | |||
| Edges (inches) |
Intermediate supports (inches) |
||
| 30. 3/8" — 1/2" | 6d common or deformed (2" × 0.113") (subfloor and wall) | 6 | 12 |
| 8d common or deformed (21/2" × 0.131") (roof) or RSRS-01 (23/8" × 0.113") nail (roof)d | 6 | 12 | |
| 23/8" × 0.113" nail (subfloor and wall) | 6 | 12 | |
| 13/4" 16 gage staple, 7/16" crown (subfloor and wall) |
4 | 8 | |
| 23/8" × 0.113" nail (roof) | 4 | 8 | |
| 13/4" 16 gage staple, 7/16" crown (roof) | 3 | 6 | |
| 31. 19/32" — 3/4" | 8d common (21/2" × 0.131"); or 6d deformed (2" × 0.113") (subfloor and wall) |
6 | 12 |
| 8d common or deformed (21/2" × 0.131") (roof) or RSRS-01 (23/8" × 0.113") nail (roof)d |
6 | 12 | |
| 23/8" × 0.113" nail; or 2" 16 gage staple, 7/16" crown |
4 | 8 | |
| 32. 7/8" — 11/4" | 10d common (3" × 0.148"); or 8d deformed (21/2" × 0.131") |
6 | 12 |
| Other exterior wall sheathing | |||
| 33. 1/2" fiberboard sheathingb | 11/2" galvanized roofing nail (7/16" head diameter); or 11/4" 16 gage staple with 7/16" or 1" crown |
3 | 6 |
| 34. 25/32" fiberboard sheathingb | 13/4" galvanized roofing nail (7/16" diameter head); or 11/2" 16 gage staple with 7/16" or 1" crown |
3 | 6 |
| Wood structural panels, combination subfloor underlayment to framing | |||
| 35. 3/4" and less | 8d common (21/2" × 0.131"); or 6d deformed (2" × 0.113") |
6 | 12 |
| 36. 7/8" — 1" | 8d common (21/2" × 0.131"); or 8d deformed (21/2" × 0.131") |
6 | 12 |
| 37. 11/8" — 11/4" | 10d common (3" × 0.148"); or 8d deformed (21/2" × 0.131") |
6 | 12 |
| Panel siding to framing | |||
| 38. 1/2" or less | 6d corrosion-resistant siding (17/8" × 0.106"); or 6d corrosion-resistant casing (2" × 0.099") |
6 | 12 |
| 39. 5/8" | 8d corrosion-resistant siding (23/8" × 0.128"); or 8d corrosion-resistant casing (21/2" × 0.113") |
6 | 12 |
| Interior paneling | |||
| 40. 1/4" | 4d casing (11/2" × 0.080"); or 4d finish (11/2" × 0.072") |
6 | 12 |
| 41. 3/8" | 6d casing (2" × 0.099"); or 6d finish (Panel supports at 24 inches) |
6 | 12 |
For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm.
- Nails spaced at 6 inches at intermediate supports where spans are 48 inches or more. For nailing of wood structural panel and particleboard diaphragms and shear walls, refer to Section 2305. Nails for wall sheathing are permitted to be common, box or casing.
- Spacing shall be 6 inches on center on the edges and 12 inches on center at intermediate supports for nonstructural applications. Panel supports at 16 inches (20 inches if strength axis in the long direction of the panel, unless otherwise marked).
- Where a rafter is fastened to an adjacent parallel ceiling joist in accordance with this schedule and the ceiling joist is fastened to the top plate in accordance with this schedule, the number of toenails in the rafter shall be permitted to be reduced by one nail.
- RSRS-01 is a Roof Sheathing Ring Shank nail meeting the specifications in ASTM F1667.
Sheathing nails or other approved sheathing connectors shall be driven so that their head or crown is flush with the surface of the sheathing.
Connections depending on joist hangers or framing anchors, ties and other mechanical fastenings not otherwise covered are permitted where approved. The vertical load-bearing capacity, torsional moment capacity and deflection characteristics of joist hangers shall be determined in accordance with ASTM D7147.
Fasteners, including nuts and washers, and connectors in contact with preservative-treated and fire-retardant-treated wood shall be in accordance with Sections 2304.10.5.1 through 2304.10.5.4. The coating weights for zinc-coated fasteners shall be in accordance with ASTM A153. Stainless steel driven fasteners shall be in accordance with the material requirements of ASTM F1667.
Fasteners, including nuts and washers, in contact with preservative-treated wood shall be of hot-dipped zinc-coated galvanized steel, stainless steel, silicon bronze or copper. Staples shall be of stainless steel. Fasteners other than nails, staples, timber rivets, wood screws and lag screws shall be permitted to be of mechanically deposited zinc-coated steel with coating weights in accordance with ASTM B695, Class 55 minimum. Connectors that are used in exterior applications and in contact with preservative-treated wood shall have coating types and weights in accordance with the treated wood or connector manufacturer's recommendations. In the absence of manufacturer's recommendations, not less than ASTM A653, Type G185 zinc-coated galvanized steel, or equivalent, shall be used.
Exception: Plain carbon steel fasteners, including nuts and washers, in SBX/DOT and zinc borate preservative-treated wood in an interior, dry environment shall be permitted.
Fastenings, including nuts and washers, for wood foundations shall be as required in AWC PWF.
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