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1910.110(b) Basic Rules
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All liquefied petroleum gases shall be effectively odorized by an approved agent of such character as to indicate positively, by distinct odor, the presence of gas down to concentration in air of not over one-fifth the lower limit of flammability. Odorization, however, is not required if harmful in the use of further processing of the liquefied petroleum gas, or if odorization will serve no useful purpose as a warning agent in such use or further processing.
The odorization requirement of paragraph (b)(1)(i) of this section shall be considered to be met by the use of 1.0 pounds of ethyl mercaptan, 1.0 pounds of thiophane or 1.4 pounds of amyl mercaptan per 10,000 gallons of LP-Gas. However, this listing of odorants and quantities shall not exclude the use of other odorants that meet the odorization requirements of paragraph (b)(1)(i) of this section.
Each system utilizing DOT containers in accordance with 49 CFR Part 178 shall have its container valves, connectors, manifold valve assemblies, and regulators approved.
In systems utilizing containers of over 2,000 gallons water capacity, each regulator, container valve, excess flow valve, gaging device, and relief valve installed on or at the container, shall have its correctness as to design, construction, and performance determined by listing by a nationally recognized testing laboratory. Refer to 1910.7 for definition of nationally recognized testing laboratory.
Each system for domestic or commercial use utilizing containers of 2,000 gallons or less water capacity, other than those constructed in accordance with 49 CFR Part 178, shall consist of a container assembly and one or more regulators, and may include other parts. The system as a unit or the container assembly as a unit, and the regulator or regulators, shall be individually listed.
Containers used with systems embodied in paragraphs (d), (e), (g), and (h) of this section, except as provided in paragraphs (e)(3)(iii) and (g)(2)(i) of this section, shall be designed, constructed, and tested in accordance with the Rules for Construction of Unfired Pressure Vessels, section VIII, Division 1, American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, 1968 edition, which is incorporated by reference as specified in Sec. 1910.6.
Containers designed, constructed, and tested prior to July 1, 1961, according to the Code for Unfired Pressure Vessels for Petroleum Liquids and Gases, 1951 edition with 1954 Addenda, of the American Petroleum Institute and the American Society of Mechanical Engineers, which is incorporated by reference as specified in Sec. 1910.6, shall be considered in conformance. Containers constructed according to API-ASME Code do not have to comply with section I or with appendix to section I. Paragraphs W-601 to W-606 inclusive in the 1943 and earlier editions do not apply.
The provisions of paragraph (b)(3)(i) of this section shall not be construed as prohibiting the continued use or reinstallation of containers constructed and maintained in accordance with the standard for the Storage and Handling of Liquefied Petroleum Gases NFPA No. 58 in effect at the time of fabrication.
Containers used with systems embodied in paragraph (b), (d)(3)(iii), and (f) of this section, shall be constructed, tested, and stamped in accordance with DOT specifications effective at the date of their manufacture.
Containers constructed according to the 1949 and earlier editions of the ASME Code do not have to comply with paragraphs U-2 through U-10 and U-19 thereof. Containers constructed according to paragraph U-70 in the 1949 and earlier editions are not authorized.
Welding to the shell, head, or any other part of the container subject to internal pressure, shall be done in compliance with the code under which the tank was fabricated. Other welding is permitted only on saddle plates, lugs, or brackets attached to the container by the tank manufacturer.
Where repair or modification involving welding of DOT containers is required, the container shall be returned to a qualified manufacturer making containers of the same type, and the repair or modification made in compliance with DOT regulations.
Each container covered in paragraph (b)(3)(i) of this section, except as provided in paragraph (b)(3)(iv) of this section shall be marked as specified in the following:
With a marking identifying compliance with, and other markings required by, the rules of the reference under which the container is constructed; or with the stamp and other markings required by the National Board of Boiler and Pressure Vessel Inspectors.
With notation as to whether the container is designed for underground or aboveground installation or both. If intended for both and different style hoods are provided, the marking shall indicate the proper hood for each type of installation.
With the name and address of the supplier of the container, or with the trade name of the container.
With the water capacity of the container in pounds or gallons, U.S. Standard.
With the pressure in p.s.i.g., for which the container is designed.
With the wording "This container shall not contain a product having a vapor pressure in excess of - p.s.i.g. at 100 deg. F.," see subparagraph (14)(viii) of this paragraph.
With the tare weight in pounds or other identified unit of weight for containers with a water capacity of 300 pounds or less.
With marking indicating the maximum level to which the container may be filled with liquid at temperatures between 20 deg. F. and 130 deg. F., except on containers provided with fixed maximum level indicators or which are filled by weighing. Markings shall be increments of not more than 20 deg. F. This marking may be located on the liquid level gaging device.
With the outside surface area in square feet.
When LP-Gas and one or more other gases are stored or used in the same area, the containers shall be marked to identify their content. Marking shall conform to the marking requirements set forth in § 1910.253(b)(1)(ii).
Markings specified shall be on a metal nameplate attached to the container and located in such a manner as to remain visible after the container is installed.
Containers, and first stage regulating equipment if used, shall be located outside of buildings, except under one or more of the following:
In buildings used exclusively for container charging, vaporization pressure reduction, gas mixing, gas manufacturing, or distribution.
When portable use is necessary and in accordance with paragraph (c)(5) of this section.
LP-Gas fueled stationary or portable engines in accordance with paragraph (e) (11) or (12) of this section.
LP-Gas fueled industrial trucks used in accordance with paragraph (e)(13) of this section.
LP-Gas fueled vehicles garaged in accordance with paragraph (e)(14) of this section.
Containers awaiting use or resale when stored in accordance with paragraph (f) of this section.
Containers installed for use shall not be stacked one above the other.
When dikes are used with flammable liquid tanks, no liquefied petroleum gas containers shall be located within the diked area.
In the case of buildings devoted exclusively to gas manufacturing and distributing operations, the distances required by Table H-23 may be reduced provided that in no case shall containers of water capacity exceeding 500 gallons be located closer than 10 feet to such gas manufacturing and distributing buildings.
Readily ignitable material such as weeds and long dry grass shall be removed within 10 feet of any container.
The minimum separation between liquefied petroleum gas containers and flammable liquid tanks shall be 20 feet, and the minimum separation between a container and the centerline of the dike shall be 10 feet. The foregoing provision shall not apply when LP-Gas containers of 125 gallons or less capacity are installed adjacent to Class III flammable liquid tanks of 275 gallons or less capacity.
Suitable means shall be taken to prevent the accumulation of flammable liquids under adjacent liquefied petroleum gas containers, such as by diking, diversion curbs, or grading.
Each individual container shall be located with respect to the nearest important building or group of buildings in accordance with Table H-23.
Footnote(1) If the aggregate water capacity of a multi-container
installation at a consumer site is 501 gallons or greater, the
minimum distance shall comply with the appropriate portion of this
table, applying the aggregate capacity rather than the capacity per
container. If more than one installation is made, each installation
shall be separated from another installation by at least 25 feet. Do
not apply the MINIMUM DISTANCES BETWEEN ABOVE-GROUND CONTAINERS to
such installations
Footnote(2) The above distance requirements may be reduced to not
less than 10 feet for a single container of 1,200 gallons water
capacity or less, providing such a container is at least 25 feet from
any other LP-Gas container of more than 125 gallons water capacity
Footnote(3) 1/4 of sum of diameters of adjacent containers.
| Water capacity per container |
Minimum distances | ||
| Containers | Between above- ground containers |
||
| Under- ground |
Above- ground |
||
| Less than 125 gals(1) | 10 feet | None | None |
| 125 to 250 gals | 10 feet | 10 feet | None |
| 251 to 500 gals | 10 feet | 10 feet | 3 feet |
| 501 to 2,000 gals | 25 feet(2) | 25 feet(2) | 3 feet |
| 2,001 to 30,000 gals | 50 feet | 50 feet | 5 feet |
| 30,001 to 70,000 gals | 50 feet | 75 feet(3) | |
| 70,001 to 90,000 gals | 50 feet | 100 feet(3) | |
installation at a consumer site is 501 gallons or greater, the
minimum distance shall comply with the appropriate portion of this
table, applying the aggregate capacity rather than the capacity per
container. If more than one installation is made, each installation
shall be separated from another installation by at least 25 feet. Do
not apply the MINIMUM DISTANCES BETWEEN ABOVE-GROUND CONTAINERS to
such installations
Footnote(2) The above distance requirements may be reduced to not
less than 10 feet for a single container of 1,200 gallons water
capacity or less, providing such a container is at least 25 feet from
any other LP-Gas container of more than 125 gallons water capacity
Footnote(3) 1/4 of sum of diameters of adjacent containers.
Valves, fittings, and accessories connected directly to the container including primary shutoff valves, shall have a rated working pressure of at least 250 p.s.i.g. and shall be of material and design suitable for LP-Gas service. Cast iron shall not be used for container valves, fittings, and accessories. This does not prohibit the use of container valves made of malleable or nodular iron.
Excess flow valves, where required shall close automatically at the rated flows of vapor or liquid as specified by the manufacturer. The connections or line including valves, fittings, etc., being protected by an excess flow valve shall have a greater capacity than the rated flow of the excess flow valve.
Liquid level gaging devices which are so constructed that outward flow of container contents shall not exceed that passed by a No. 54 drill size opening, need not be equipped with excess flow valves.
Openings from container or through fittings attached directly on container to which pressure gage connection is made, need not be equipped with shutoff or excess flow valves if such openings are restricted to not larger than No. 54 drill size opening.
Except as provided in paragraph (c)(5)(i)(b) of this section, excess flow and back pressure check valves where required by this section shall be located inside of the container or at a point outside where the line enters the container; in the latter case, installation shall be made in such manner that any undue strain beyond the excess flow or back pressure check valve will not cause breakage between the container and such valve.
Excess flow valves shall be designed with a bypass, not to exceed a No. 60 drill size opening to allow equalization of pressures.
Containers of more than 30 gallons water capacity and less than 2,000 gallons water capacity, filled on a volumetric basis, and manufactured after December 1, 1963, shall be equipped for filling into the vapor space.
Connections to containers, except safety relief connections, liquid level gaging devices, and plugged openings, shall have shutoff valves located as close to the container as practicable.
Pipe, except as provided in paragraphs (e)(6)(i) and (g)(10)(iii), of this section shall be wrought iron or steel (black or galvanized), brass, copper, or aluminum alloy. Aluminum alloy pipe shall be at least Schedule 40 in accordance with the specifications for Aluminum Alloy Pipe, American National Standards Institute (ANSI) H38.7-1969 (ASTM, B241-69), which is incorporated by reference as specified in Sec. 1910.6, except that the use of alloy 5456 is prohibited and shall be suitably marked at each end of each length indicating compliance with American National Standard Institute Specifications. Aluminum Alloy pipe shall be protected against external corrosion when it is in contact with dissimilar metals other than galvanized steel, or its location is subject to repeated wetting by such liquids as water (except rain water), detergents, sewage, or leaking from other piping, or it passes through flooring, plaster, masonry, or insulation. Galvanized sheet steel or pipe, galvanized inside and out, may be considered suitable protection. The maximum nominal pipe size for aluminum pipe shall be three-fourths inch and shall not be used for pressures exceeding 20 p.s.i.g. Aluminum alloy pipe shall not be installed within 6 inches of the ground.
Vapor piping with operating pressures not exceeding 125 p.s.i.g. shall be suitable for a working pressure of at least 125 p.s.i.g. Pipe shall be at least Schedule 40 (ASTM A-53-69, Grade B Electric Resistance Welded and Electric Flash Welded Pipe, which is incorporated by reference as specified in Sec. 1910.6, or equal).
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