// CODE SNIPPET
1910.263 Bakery Equipment
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The requirements of this section shall apply to the design, installation, operation and maintenance of machinery and equipment used within a bakery.
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All gears shall be completely enclosed regardless of location.
Sprockets and V-belt drives located within reach from platforms or passageways or located within 8 feet 6 inches from the floor shall be completely enclosed.
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Where machinery must be lubricated while in motion, stationary lubrication fittings inside a machine shall be provided with extension piping to a point of safety so that the employee will not have to reach into any dangerous part of the machine when lubricating.
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Exposed hot water and steam pipes shall be covered with insulating material wherever necessary to protect employee from contact.
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Wherever any of the various pieces of apparatus comprising a flour-handling system are run in electrical unity with one another the following safeguards shall apply:
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Wherever a flour-handling system is of such size that the beginning of its operation is far remote from its final delivery end, all electric motors operating each apparatus comprising this system shall be controlled at each of two points, one located at each remote end, either of which will stop all motors.
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Control circuits for magnetic controllers shall be so arranged that the opening of any one of several limit switches, which may be on an individual unit, will serve to deenergize all of the motors of that unit.
Bag chutes (gravity chutes for handling flour bags) shall be so designed so as to keep to a minimum the speed of flour bags. If the chute inclines more than 30 deg. from the horizontal, there shall be an upturn at the lower end of the chute to slow down the bags.
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Man lifts shall be prohibited in bakeries. Bag or barrel lifts shall not be used as man lifts.
Bag-arm elevators with manual takeoff shall be designed to operate at a capacity not exceeding seven bags per minute. The arms on the conveyor chain shall be so spaced as to obtain the full capacity of the elevator with the lowest possible chain speed. There shall be an electric limit switch at the unloading end of the bag-arm elevator so installed as to automatically stop the conveyor chain if any bag fails to clear the conveyor arms.
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All dumpbins shall be of a suitable height from floor to enable the operator to dump flour from bags, without causing undue strain or fatigue. Where the edge of any bin is more than 24 inches above the flour, a bag rest step shall be provided.
A control device for stopping the dumpbin and blender shall be provided close to the normal location of the operator.
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Storage bins where the side is more than 5 feet in depth shall be provided with standard stationary safety ladders, both inside and outside, to reach from floor level to top of bin and from top of bin to inside bottom, keeping the ladder end away from the moving screw conveyor.
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The main entrance cover of large storage bins located at the interior exit ladder shall be provided with an electric interlock for motors operating both feed and unloading screw, so that these motors cannot operate while the cover is open.
Storage bins shall be provided with gaskets and locks or latches to keep the cover closed, or other equivalent devices in order to insure the dust tightness of the cover. Covers at openings where an employee may enter the bin shall also be provided with a hasp and a lock, so located that the employee may lock the cover in the open position whenever it is necessary to enter the bin.
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The covers of all screw conveyors shall be made removable in convenient sections, held on with stationary clamps located at proper intervals keeping all covers dust-tight. Where drop or hinged bottom sections are provided this provision shall not apply.
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Enclosures of all types of flour sifters shall be so constructed that they are dust-tight but readily accessible for interior inspection.
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Traveling or track-type flour scales shall be equipped with bar handles for moving same. The bar should be at least 1 inch in diameter and well away from trolley track wheels.
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Mixers with external power application shall have all belts, chains, gears, pulleys, sprockets, clutches, and other moving parts completely enclosed.
Each mixer shall be equipped with an individual motor and control, and with a conveniently located manual switch to prevent the mixer from being started in the usual manner while the machine is being serviced and cleaned.
All electrical control stations shall be so located that the operator must be in full view of the bowl in its open position. No duplication of such controls other than a stop switch shall be permitted.
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All mixers with power and manual dumping arrangements shall be equipped with safety devices which shall:
Engage both hands of the operator, when the agitator is in motion under power, and while the bowl is opened more than one-fifth of its total opening.
Prevent the agitator from being started, while the bowl is more than one-fifth open, without engaging both hands of the operator;
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Every mixer shall be equipped with a full enclosure over the bowl which is closed at all times while the agitator is in motion. Only minor openings in this enclosure, such as ingredient doors, flour inlets, etc., each representing less than 1 1/2 square feet in area, shall be capable of being opened while the mixer is in operation.
Overhead covers or doors which are subject to accidental closure shall be counterbalanced to remain in an open position or provided with means to hold them open until positively released by the operator.
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Valves and controls to regulate the coolant in mixer jackets shall be located so as to permit access by the operator without jeopardizing his safety.
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Vertical mixers shall comply with paragraphs (e)(1)(i), (iii), (ix) and (x), of this section.
Bowl locking devices shall be of a positive type which require the attention of the operator for unlocking.
Devices shall be made available for moving bowls weighing more than 80 pounds, with contents, into and out of the mixing position on the machine.
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The back of the divider shall have a complete cover to enclose all of the moving parts, or each individual part shall be enclosed or guarded to remove the separate hazards. The rear cover shall be provided with a limit switch in order that the machine cannot operate when this cover is open. The guard on the back shall be hinged so that it cannot be completely removed and if a catch or brace is provided for holding the cover open, it shall be designed so that it will not release due to vibrations or minor bumping whereby the cover may drop on an employee.
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Mechanical feed moulders shall be provided with hoppers so designed and connected to the proofer that an employee's hands cannot get into the hopper where they will come in contact with the in-running rolls.
Hand-fed moulders shall be provided with a belt-feed device or the hopper shall be extended high enough so that the hands of the operator cannot get into the feed rolls. The top edge of such a hopper shall be well rounded to prevent injury when it is struck or bumped by the employee's hand.
There shall be a stopping device within easy reach of the operator who feeds the moulder and another stopping device within the reach of the employee taking the dough away from the moulder.
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The top roll shall be protected by a heavy gage metal shield extending over the roll to go within 6 inches of the hopper bottom board. The shield may be perforated to permit observation of the dough entering the rolls.
An emergency stop bar shall be provided, and so located that the body of the operator will press against the bar if the operator slips and falls toward the rolls, or if the operator gets his hand caught in the rolls. The bar shall apply the body pressure to open positively a circuit that will deenergize the drive motor. In addition, a brake which is inherently self-engaging by requiring power or force from an external source to cause disengagement shall be activated at the same time causing the rolls to stop instantly. The emergency stop bar shall be checked for proper operation every 30 days.
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All door locks shall be operable both from within and outside the box. Guide rails shall be installed to center the rack as it enters, passes through, and leaves the proof box.
Fermentation room doors shall have nonshatterable wire glass or plastic panels for vision through doors.
Troughs shall be mounted on antifriction bearing casters thus making it possible for the operator to move and direct the motion of the trough with a minimum of effort.
Casters shall be set back from corners to be out of the way of toes and heels, but not far enough back to cause the truck to be unstable.
A lock or other device shall be provided to hold the handle in vertical position when the truck is not in use.
A lock or other device shall be provided to hold the handle in vertical position when the truck is not in use.
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Antifriction bearing casters shall be used to give the operator better control of the rack.
Racks shall be equipped with handles so located with reference to the frame of the rack that no part of the operator's hands extends beyond the outer edge of the frame when holding onto the handles.
Wherever a conveyor passes over a main aisleway, regularly occupied work area, or passageway, the underside of the conveyor shall be completely enclosed to prevent broken chains or other material from falling in the passageway.
Where hazard of getting caught exists a sufficient number of stop buttons shall be provided to enable quick stopping of the conveyor.
Stop bumpers shall be installed on all delivery ends of conveyors, wherever manual removal of the product carried is practiced.
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All top openings shall be provided with covers attached to the machines. These covers should be so arranged and interlocked that power will be shut off whenever the cover is opened to a point where the operator's fingers might come in contact with the beaters.
All chain tackle shall be marked prominently, permanently, and legibly with maximum load capacity.
Safety hooks shall be used.
All chain tackle shall be marked permanently and legibly with minimum support specification.
All hoists shall be marked prominently, permanently, and legibly with maximum load capacity.
Safety catches shall be provided for the chain so that the chain will hold the load in any position.
Safety hooks shall be used.
All hoists shall be marked permanently and legibly with minimum support specifications.
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On large units with doors to chambers large enough to be entered, all door locks shall be operable from both inside and outside.
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Power ventilated exhaust hoods shall be provided over the tanks.
The surface of the floor of the working platform shall be maintained in nonslip condition.
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All door locks shall be operable from both within and outside the cooler.
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Separate flues shall be provided, (i) for venting vapors from the frying section, and (ii) for venting products of combustion from the combustion chamber used to heat the fat.
The floor around kettles shall be maintained in nonslip condition.
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The top of the kettle shall be not less than 36 inches above floor or working level.
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Positive locking devices shall be provided to hold kettles in the desired position.
Kettles with steam jackets shall be provided with safety valves in accordance with the ASME Pressure Vessel Code, Section VIII, Unfired Pressure Vessels, 1968, which is incorporated by reference as specified in Sec. 1910.6.
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The cover over the knife head of reciprocating-blade slicers shall be provided with an interlocking arrangement so that the machine cannot operate unless the cover is in place.
On slicers with endless band knives, each motor shall be equipped with a magnet brake which operates whenever the motor is not energized. Each door, panel, or other point of access to the cutting blades shall be arranged by means of mechanical or electric interlocks so that the motor will be deenergized if all such access doors, panels, or access points are not closed.
When it is necessary to sharpen slicer blades on the machine, a barrier shall be provided leaving only sufficient opening for the sharpening stone to reach the knife blades.
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Related Code Sections
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1910.263(c) Special Industries, General Machine Guarding
[Reserved] All gears shall be completely enclosed ...
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1910.263(e) Special Industries, Mixers
Each mixer shall be equipped with an individual motor and control, and with a conveniently located manual switch to prevent the mixer from being ...
1910.263(f) Special Industries, Dividers
[Reserved] [Reserved ...
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1910.263(g) Special Industries, Moulders
- Mechanical feed moulders shall be provided ...
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